CN108851198B - Tobacco stem processing method and preparation method of tobacco stem extract - Google Patents
Tobacco stem processing method and preparation method of tobacco stem extract Download PDFInfo
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- CN108851198B CN108851198B CN201810475851.XA CN201810475851A CN108851198B CN 108851198 B CN108851198 B CN 108851198B CN 201810475851 A CN201810475851 A CN 201810475851A CN 108851198 B CN108851198 B CN 108851198B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco stem processing method and a preparation method of a tobacco stem extract, belonging to the technical field of tobacco. The tobacco stem processing method comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying an ammonium salt aqueous solution to the tobacco stems to obtain a mixture; then the mixture is extruded and expanded. The method for processing the tobacco stems is suitable for pretreatment of the tobacco stems during preparation of the tobacco stem extract, has simple processing technology and low equipment cost, is easy to enlarge and produce continuously, can obviously improve the extraction efficiency of the tobacco stems, reduces the content of macromolecular substances of the tobacco stem extract, and improves the fragrance of the tobacco stem extract.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tobacco stem processing method and a preparation method of a tobacco stem extract, belonging to the technical field of tobacco.
Background
The tobacco stems are coarse and hard veins of the tobacco leaves and account for about 25-30% of the total weight of the tobacco leaves. Millions of tons of tobacco stems are produced in China every year, and the tobacco stems are mainly used for preparing tobacco sheets and expanded cut stems. The tobacco sheets and cut stems made of tobacco stems have light fragrance, heavy miscellaneous gas and wood gas and high irritation during burning and smoking, so the blending amount in cigarettes is very limited, the utilization rate of the tobacco stems is still low, and a large amount of tobacco stems are discarded, thereby causing environmental pollution and resource waste. The tobacco stems have chemical components similar to those of tobacco leaves, and the preparation of the tobacco extract by adopting the tobacco stems is an important way for utilizing the waste tobacco stems.
Compared with the leaf, the tobacco stem has light fragrance, compact structure and higher content of cell wall substances, and the solvent is not easy to permeate and extract when the traditional method is adopted for direct extraction, and the extract contains more macromolecular substances. The Chinese patent with application publication number CN105891379A discloses a method for extracting the natural fragrant substances in tobacco stems, which adopts the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology to extract the fragrant substances in the tobacco stems, can obviously improve the yield of the tobacco stem essential oil, and can keep the original fragrance of tobacco. The Chinese patent with the patent application publication number of CN106880077A discloses a tobacco stem processing method for improving the quality of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, and the method adopts a mode of firstly extracting, then rolling threads and then extracting to improve the extraction efficiency of tobacco stems. The Chinese patent with application publication number CN104489909A discloses a method for improving the extraction rate of tobacco stems, which comprises the steps of firstly grinding and defibering the tobacco stems, then adding water for ultrasonic extraction, and sequentially adding compound hydrolase, protease and pectinase in the process, thereby improving the extraction efficiency and quality of the tobacco stems. The invention discloses a preparation process of a reconstituted tobacco coating liquid component and a component group chemical kitchen combination and coupling, which is characterized in that enzymolysis, leaching, membrane separation and Maillard reaction are carried out on tobacco stems in sequence to remove or convert macromolecules, thereby improving the quality of the tobacco stem extracting solution. The Chinese patent with application publication number CN106433982A discloses a method for preparing fresh and sweet aroma essence from tobacco stem shreds, which hydrolyzes the stem shreds by using fungal amylase, pectinase and protease, and adds glycine and waxberry extract to perform Maillard reaction, thereby obviously improving the quality of the extract. The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN102960853B discloses a method for improving the quality of tobacco stem extract by utilizing an ammoniation technology, which adds ammonium salt, amino acid and reducing sugar into the tobacco stem extract, and improves the quality of the tobacco stem extract after heating and concentrating. The application publication number of CN106579536A of Chinese invention discloses a method for improving the moisture retention performance of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, which is to add ammonia water into tobacco stalk extract to adjust the pH of a system, add sugar, amino acid and polyalcohol for heating reaction, and improve the quality of the tobacco stalk extract. Chinese patent application publication No. CN106235385A discloses a method for preparing tobacco feed liquid by microwave degradation of tobacco stem fibers, which comprises placing tobacco stems in an ionic liquid atmosphere for microwave heating, performing back extraction on filtrate with an organic solvent, and performing reduced pressure distillation to obtain the tobacco feed liquid, wherein the tobacco feed liquid can significantly improve the baking aroma of cigarettes or reconstituted tobacco. The prior art has achieved some success in improving the efficiency of tobacco stem extraction and improving the quality of the tobacco stem extract, but there is still room for defects or improvements to varying degrees. For example, the process is complex, the effect is single, the cost of the biological agent is high, the treatment time is long, and the like, most treatment modes are still at the laboratory level, and large-scale industrial application is not achieved.
In order to solve the problems, in the prior art, the grant publication No. CN102697167B discloses a preparation method of a steam explosion auxiliary tobacco stem extract, which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of removing dust adhered to the surface of a modulated and alcoholized dry tobacco stem, then carrying out steam explosion, and then extracting the steam exploded tobacco stem; the preparation method is simple to operate, extracts the dry tobacco stems after steam explosion, promotes the release of aroma substances in the tobacco stems, and has the effects of enhancing aroma, improving aroma quality and refining smoke when applied to cigarettes. However, the method adopts high-pressure equipment, so that the equipment investment is large, the operation requirement is high, the intermittent treatment is adopted, and the production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco stem processing method with simple process and low cost.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the tobacco stem extract.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the tobacco stem processing method is as follows:
a method for processing tobacco stems comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying an ammonium salt water solution into the tobacco stems to obtain a mixture; then the mixture is extruded and expanded.
The tobacco stem processing method has simple process, only needs to apply the ammonium salt aqueous solution to the tobacco stems and then carries out puffing processing, and greatly reduces the processing cost of the tobacco stems. The hard tobacco stems are loosened and cracked under the action of high temperature and high pressure in the expansion process, so that the contact between a solvent and the tobacco stems is facilitated, the dissolution of the flavor components of the tobacco stems is promoted, macromolecular substances such as cellulose, pectin and protein in the tobacco stems can be degraded and converted, and the negative effects brought by the macromolecules in the tobacco stem extract are reduced. In addition, the high temperature effect in the extrusion and expansion process can also promote the small molecular carbohydrate generated by the degradation of the tobacco stem cell wall substances to have Maillard reaction with the ammonium salt in the small molecular carbohydrate, and the high temperature effect has the effect of improving the aroma quality of the tobacco stem extract. The high temperature action can also promote the release of nicotine in the tobacco stems, thereby reducing the nicotine content in the tobacco stem extract and improving the applicability of the tobacco stem extract.
Preferably, the tobacco stalk processing method further comprises the step of performing heat preservation treatment on the mixture at 40-50 ℃ before extruding and puffing the mixture. The heat preservation treatment before the extrusion and expansion can enable ammonium salt to fully permeate into the tobacco stems, improve the efficiency of reaction with carbohydrate in the tobacco stems and promote the generation of aroma.
Preferably, the time of the heat preservation treatment is 1-3 h.
Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the ammonium salt aqueous solution is 10-30%.
Preferably, the ammonium salt is any one or a combination of ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium acetate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt aqueous solution to the tobacco stems is 15-30: 100.
The extrusion puffing equipment is a double-screw extrusion puffing machine; the rotating speed of a screw of the double-screw extrusion puffing machine is 2-8 r/s; the temperature of extrusion and expansion is 100-150 ℃.
The preparation method of the tobacco stem extract adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a tobacco stem extract comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly spraying an ammonium salt water solution into the tobacco stems to obtain a mixture; then carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment on the mixture to obtain an expanded material;
2) extracting the obtained expanded material with solvent, separating to remove solid, and removing solvent.
The preparation method of the tobacco stem extract comprises the steps of applying an ammonium salt aqueous solution to tobacco stems, puffing, and extracting the obtained puffed material serving as a raw material to prepare the tobacco stem extract; the high-temperature effect of the expansion treatment can promote the degradation of the tobacco stem cell wall substances, and the generated micromolecule carbohydrate substances and ammonium salt in the micromolecule carbohydrate substances have Maillard reaction, so that the tobacco stem extract has the effects of reducing the macromolecular content of the tobacco stem extract and improving the fragrance quality of the tobacco stem extract. The tobacco stem extract can be tobacco stem extract or tobacco stem essential oil; when the solvent is used for extracting the expanded material, the method for extracting the tobacco in the conventional technology can be adopted for extracting the obtained expanded material.
The tobacco stem extract is tobacco stem extract; the solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and water or water.
When the solvent is in a liquid state, the solid is removed after solid-liquid separation.
Preferably, the volume fraction of ethanol in the mixed solution is 40-60%.
The solvent is a mixed solution; the extraction is reflux extraction. The reflux extraction time is 2-4 h.
The solvent is water; the extraction is leaching; the leaching temperature is 70-100 ℃, and the leaching time is 1-3 h.
The tobacco stem extract is tobacco stem essential oil; the solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide fluid; the extraction is supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
When the extraction is supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, the separation and removal of the solid is to separate the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid from the solid and then remove the solid.
Preferably, the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 100-140 ℃, the time is 20-60 min, and the pressure is 15-25 MPa.
Preferably, the preparation method of the tobacco stem extract further comprises the step of performing heat preservation treatment on the mixture at 40-50 ℃ before puffing the mixture.
Preferably, the time of the heat preservation treatment is 1-3 h.
Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the ammonium salt aqueous solution is 10-30%.
Preferably, the ammonium salt is any one or a combination of ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium acetate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt aqueous solution to the tobacco stems is 15-30: 100.
The extrusion puffing equipment is a double-screw extrusion puffing machine; the rotating speed of the screws of the double-screw extrusion puffing machine is 2-8 r/s; the temperature of extrusion and expansion is 100-150 ℃.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The tobacco stem processing method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing 10% ammonium carbonate aqueous solution by mass, uniformly spraying the ammonium carbonate aqueous solution on the tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of the ammonium carbonate aqueous solution to the tobacco stems of 15:100, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
2) preserving the temperature of the obtained mixture at 40 ℃ for 3h, then carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment by adopting a double-screw extrusion and expansion machine, and rapidly cooling the material extruded by the double-screw extrusion and expansion machine to room temperature to obtain an expanded material; the screw rotating speed of the double-screw expanding agent in the extrusion expanding treatment process is 2r/s, and the extrusion expanding treatment temperature is 150 ℃.
The expanded tobacco stems obtained by the method for processing the tobacco stems in the embodiment are extracted by 50 percent (volume) ethanol water solution in a reflux manner for 3 hours, and the solvent is volatilized after solid-liquid separation to obtain extract of the processed tobacco stems. And (3) extracting the tobacco stems which are not treated in the steps 1) to 2) by adopting the same process conditions to obtain extract of the untreated tobacco stems. The result shows that after extrusion and expansion treatment, the extract yield can be improved by 10-20% compared with that of untreated tobacco stems.
Example 2
The tobacco stem processing method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium acetate and ammonium sulfate with the mass percentage of 20%; uniformly spraying the mixed aqueous solution onto the tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of the mixed aqueous solution to the tobacco stems of 20:100, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium acetate to ammonium sulfate in the mixed aqueous solution is 1: 3;
2) Preserving the temperature of the obtained mixture at 50 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment by adopting a double-screw extrusion and expansion machine, and rapidly cooling the material extruded by the double-screw extrusion and expansion machine to room temperature to obtain an expanded material; in the extrusion and expansion treatment process, the screw rotating speed of the double-screw expansion agent is 8r/s, and the extrusion and expansion treatment temperature is 100 ℃.
The expanded tobacco stems obtained by the method for processing the tobacco stems in the embodiment are extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide, the extraction temperature is controlled to be 120 ℃, the extraction time is controlled to be 40min, and the extraction pressure is controlled to be 20MPa, so that the processed tobacco stem essential oil is obtained.
Extracting the tobacco stems which are not treated in the steps 1) to 2) by adopting the same process conditions to obtain the untreated tobacco stem essential oil. The results of sensory evaluation according to YC/T138 tobacco and tobacco product sensory evaluation method show that the processed tobacco stem essential oil has stronger fragrance and richer aroma compared with the untreated tobacco stem essential oil, and the aroma-enhancing effect added into the cigarette is more obvious, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 sensory evaluation scoring results
| Evaluation index | Quality of fragrance | Amount of fragrance | Miscellaneous qi | Stiff head | Concentration of | Fine and soft | Stimulation of |
| Control cigarette | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Experimental cigarette | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Example 3
The tobacco stem processing method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing 30% ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution by mass, uniformly spraying the ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution on the tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution to the tobacco stems of 30:100, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
2) preserving the heat of the obtained mixture at 45 ℃ for 2 hours, then carrying out extrusion expansion treatment by adopting a double-screw extrusion expander, and rapidly cooling the material extruded by the double-screw extrusion expander to room temperature to obtain an expanded material; the screw rotating speed of the double-screw expanding agent in the extrusion expanding treatment process is 5r/s, and the extrusion expanding treatment temperature is 130 ℃;
and (3) extracting the obtained expanded material with water at 80 ℃ for 2h, and volatilizing the solvent after solid-liquid separation to obtain the processed tobacco stem extract.
And (3) extracting the tobacco stems which are not treated in the steps 1) to 2) by adopting the same process conditions to obtain untreated tobacco stem extract. Respectively adding the 2 extracts into blank cigarettes to prepare experimental cigarettes and control cigarettes, and carrying out sensory evaluation according to YC/T138 tobacco and tobacco product sensory evaluation method, wherein the results show that: compared with the untreated tobacco stem extract, the tobacco stem extract added with the treated tobacco stem extract has the advantages of obviously increased cigarette aroma, obviously reduced miscellaneous gas and obviously reduced stimulation, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 sensory evaluation of cut stems and scoring results
| Evaluation index | Quality of fragrance | Amount of fragrance | Miscellaneous qi | Stiff head | Concentration of | Fine and soft | Stimulation of |
| Contrast cut rolled stem | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Experimental cut stems | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a tobacco stem extract is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly spraying an ammonium salt water solution into the tobacco stems to obtain a mixture; then carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment on the mixture to obtain an expanded material; before the mixture is extruded and puffed, the mixture is subjected to heat preservation treatment at 40-50 ℃; the heat preservation treatment time is 1-3 h; the mass percentage concentration of the ammonium salt aqueous solution is 10-30%; the mass ratio of the ammonium salt aqueous solution to the tobacco stems is 15-30: 100; the extrusion puffing equipment is a double-screw extrusion puffing machine; the rotating speed of a screw of the double-screw extrusion puffing machine is 2-8 r/s; the temperature of extrusion and expansion is 100-150 ℃; the ammonium salt is any one or combination of ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium acetate;
2) extracting the obtained expanded material with solvent, separating to remove solid, and removing solvent;
the tobacco stem extract is tobacco stem extract; the solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and water or water.
2. The method for preparing tobacco stem extract according to claim 1, wherein: the tobacco stem extract is tobacco stem essential oil; the solvent is a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid.
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