CN85102032B - 火炕型加热炉及其使用方法 - Google Patents
火炕型加热炉及其使用方法Info
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
火炕型加热炉及其使用方法。属于间断式火焰加热炉及其使用方法。以解决现有技术能耗高、效率低、质量不稳定等问题。本发明以宽(方)体火炕型加热炉取代传统炉型,扩大装炉量;以连续作业工艺取代分批间断作业工艺,改善产品质量;以多层空间部分重叠摆放坯料加热取代单层平面摆放坯料加热,提高劳动生产率。实施本发明综合效益,提高生产率1~3倍,降低能耗30%~70%,封头尺寸偏差小于JB741-80标准二分之一,氧化少、外观好,组装焊接时不用修磨、选配,互换性达100%。
Description
一种以各种燃料为能源的火炕型间断式火焰加热炉及其使用方法。
本发明的加热炉内设有火炕、火墙,可以应用于新设计的加热炉和旧炉的改造。采用炉内坯料前排低后排高的部分重叠多层空间加热的方法取代传统平装坯料的加热方法。
迄今的间断式火焰加热炉可以用封头钢板加热炉加以概述。封头钢板加热炉是以加热最大坯料尺寸所给定的炉子生产率进行设计的,(中、小型加热炉加热φ300-1200毫米,大、中型加热炉加热φ1300-3000毫米坯料,约180多种封头坯料的钢板厚度为6-120毫米)当加热小尺寸坯料时,炉子实际生产率仅是设计生产率的30%~70%。炉型结构是窄体(深度H>宽度B),炉子深外因装料出料的操作难度大,常常空闲着,炉子加热能力得不到充分利用,能源消耗高。加热时,坯料是单层平面摆放1~4件在条型垫铁上(图1),当封头公称直径≤450mm时,坯料则堆放在炉底上,炉子只能分批间断式加热与操作,造成配套设备运行率和人员工时利用率低。各单元工序作业时间不均衡;而且分批间断式操作会使同批料因进、出炉顺序不同,致使坯料加热程度不一,热冲压后成品封头尺寸偏差较大,质量不稳定。
本发明的目的,通过增大蓄热量,利用炉膛内空间热量的有效措施,提高劳动生产率、改善产品质量、降低加热炉的能源消耗。
本发明是一种以各种燃料为能源的间断式室式火焰加热炉,该炉包括有炉底、炉顶、炉墙和炉门,以及金属架构造的外部炉体,其特征是炉内增设有火炕和火墙,火炕(14)砌筑在后半部炉底上,火墙(15)堆砌在后炉墙前面,火炕及火墙体积为炉膛容积的8%-16%,炉膛内的火炕和火墙内有换热空间和孔道,炉膛(11)宽度B≥深度H。该加热炉的使用方法,其特征是将坯料(13)按每2-6分钟输入炉内一件的顺序,分别摆放在火炕(后排)上和炉底(前排)上,利用圆型垫墩(22)使送入炉内的坯料在火炕和炉底上形成部分重叠多层空间设置加热坯料,将坯料加热至工艺温度后,按坯料进炉顺序,每开炉门一次取出一件坯料,并送入一件待加热坯料摆放在刚取出的坯料位置上。该加热炉摆放4层坯料的使用方法,其特征是加热炉内摆放6件坯料,3件摆放在炉底(前排)上,3件摆放在火炕(后排)上,同一排上利用不同高度的圆型垫墩(22)使前、后排坯料中间坯料低,两边坯料高,呈台阶形状摆放坯料并加热。
本发明的加热炉为宽(方)体炉型,其结构特点是炉子的宽度B≥深度H,对已有的窄体炉型可以用隔断墙改造成宽(方)体炉(图2)。这种宽(方)体炉型显著提高了炉底面积的有效利用率。因为炉子宽而浅,叉车的料叉可以达到炉膛内的每个空间,易于实现将坯料多层空间部分重叠摆放加热,提高装炉量,由于火炕、火墙的蓄热量增大又为实现连续进坯料、出坯料操作创造了条件。
将以往坯料单层平面摆放在条形垫铁上加热(图1)摆放件数少,且坯料在圆周方向上受热不均匀,影响冲压质量。本发明采用坯料多层空间部分重叠摆放在圆型垫墩上加热,以增大装炉量,提高炉子生产率改善成品质量。垫墩可用金属材料或耐火材料制成,在200~1000mm的范围内设计2-4种高度。坯料各自摆放在不同高度的垫墩中心上实行多层空间加热,不仅有效地利用了炉底面积,也有效地利用了炉膛空间,装炉量成倍提高,以宽度B3.1M深度H2.4M加热炉加热封头坯料为例,当封头公称直径500~1000mm时摆放4~6件,≤450mm时摆放6~16件,装炉量提高1~3倍。这种2~4层加热方法,有利于炉气循环和利用炉膛空间热量,提高坯料的加热速度和加热质量。
该加热炉实行坯料多层空间摆放加热,不仅炉子始终处于满负荷,而且设备运行率高,劳动生产率成倍增长,封头产品尺寸偏差小于JB741-80标准二分之一,氧化少、外观好。
由于使用多层空间部分重叠摆放坯料后装炉量增大,连续操作炉门开闭频繁,因而炉门热损失增多,炉温波动值变大,这是以往加热炉不能全部采用连续作业的原因之一。本发明者设计一种火炕和火墙在炉内安装后,炉膛的热容量增大,使炉温趋于稳定,平衡在工艺温度范围内,保证了高效率的连续作业工艺得以实现。火炕和火墙用耐火砖或耐火砌块构筑,砌筑在后半部炉底上和堆砌在炉子后墙前面,其体积是炉膛容积的8%-16%的取值。在此取值范围内会比在此取值范围外的取值更能降低加热炉的能源消耗。并能更好地改善产品质量。这是因为火炕体积若占炉膛容积比例很大,火炕本身的加热要消耗更多能源,而火炕体积所占炉膛容积比例太小,则加热炉内由于冷料进,热料出以及开闭炉门造成的炉内温度变化太大,出现炉内温度不易维持的现象。本发明确定的取值范围,可使火炕、火墙的热容量适当地抵消了冷料进、热料出以及开闭炉门造成的热量的散失,对在一定时间间隔内进、出坯料,并减少能源消耗、改善产品质量产生积极效果。火炕、火墙内有换热空间和孔道,炉膛(11)宽度B≥宽度H。
附图说明:
图1:原型窄体炉(B<H)坯料平面加热示意图
11.炉膛轮墩 12.垫铁 13.坯料
图2:宽(方)体火炕型(B≥H)坯料多层空间部分重叠摆放加热(旧炉改造H′封闭)示意图
11.炉膛轮墩 22.垫墩 13.坯料 14.火炕 15.火墙
图3:摆放6件坯料的组合与进出炉程序(当摆放4、5、16件时与此类同)示意图
实施例说明:
加热工件:φ800封头,坯料尺寸φ1080×14,批量30件。在宽(方)体火炕型加热炉加热,采用连续作业工艺,多层空间部分重叠摆放6件(图3),以汉字编号表示件位,各件的垫墩高度见表1,以阿拉伯数字编号及箭头表示工件的进炉、出炉顺序,例如箭头由4向5,表示进六出二,每开炉门一次进、出坯料各一件。工件加热时间:第一块坯料加热时间为17分钟,其他各批件逐渐缩短,至第25~30件加热时间为12分钟。这样工件就实现了连续化有节奏的(每件相隔2分,每批相隔6~2分)流水加热与操作,并且,坯料的加热时间和操作节奏,随着开炉时间的延长而缩短和加快,从而达到炉温、件温、模温、环温的匹配,使封头尺寸偏差缩小,氧化少,外观好。
表1 各件垫墩(即摆放)高度 mm
件号 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 |
高度 | 780 | 600 | 780 | 450 | 250 | 450 |
30件全部加热、冲压后,两种炉型和工艺的对比数据见表2。可见,采用本发明的炉型和工艺比原炉型和工艺,缩短开炉时间75.6%,节约能源86.6%且封头尺寸精度高,当组装焊接时不用修磨,选配,互换性达100%。
表2 两种炉型和工艺对比数据(燃料低热值1.1万大卡/公斤)
Claims (3)
1、一种以各种燃料为能源的间断式火焰加热炉,该炉包括有炉底、炉顶、炉墙和炉门,其特征是炉内增设有火炕和火墙,火炕(14)砌筑在后半部炉底上,火墙(15)堆砌在后炉墙前面,火炕及火墙的体积为炉膛容积的8%-16%,炉膛内的火炕和火墙内有换热空间和孔道,炉膛宽度B≥深度H。
2、权利要求1所述加热炉的使用方法,其特征是将坯料(13)按每2-6分钟送入炉内一件的顺序,分别摆放在火炕(后排)上和炉底(前排)上。利用圆形垫墩(22)使送入炉内的坯料在火炕和炉底上形成部分重叠多层空间设置,加热坯料,将坯料加热至工艺温度后,按坯料进炉顺序,每开炉门一次取出一件坯料,并送入一件待加热坯料摆放在刚取出的坯料位置上。
3、根据权利要求2所述的加热炉的使用方法,其特征是炉内摆放6件坯料,3件摆放在炉底(前排)上,3件摆放在火炕(后排)上,利用不同高度的圆形垫墩(22)使前、后排坯料中间坯料低,两边坯料高。
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CN85102032A CN85102032B (zh) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | 火炕型加热炉及其使用方法 |
US07/092,241 US4792301A (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1987-09-02 | Method and furnace apparatus for continuously heating steel blanks |
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CN85102032A CN85102032B (zh) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | 火炕型加热炉及其使用方法 |
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CN85102032B true CN85102032B (zh) | 1987-11-11 |
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DE3818854A1 (de) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-01-11 | Norton Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum kapsellosen brennen von geschirr |
USRE43252E1 (en) | 1992-10-27 | 2012-03-20 | Vast Power Portfolio, Llc | High efficiency low pollution hybrid Brayton cycle combustor |
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US1046933A (en) * | 1911-11-28 | 1912-12-10 | Thomas V Allis | Method of heating sheet-bars. |
US1367000A (en) * | 1918-01-29 | 1921-02-01 | Hannora E Allis | Method of heat-treating sheet and tin-plate bars |
US2677538A (en) * | 1950-11-09 | 1954-05-04 | Asea Ab | Method and apparatus for preventing piled sheet iron from sintering together during annealing |
US2966349A (en) * | 1957-01-24 | 1960-12-27 | United States Steel Corp | Method of heating objects |
US3099437A (en) * | 1961-02-21 | 1963-07-30 | Frederick S Bloom | Temperature controlled forge furnace or the like and method of operating same |
FR1579996A (zh) * | 1968-03-02 | 1969-08-29 | ||
DE2009761B2 (de) * | 1970-03-03 | 1972-06-08 | Koppers-Wistra-Ofenbau GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Kammerofen zur waermebehandlung von metallischem gut |
DE2318971A1 (de) * | 1973-04-14 | 1974-10-24 | Koppers Wistra Ofenbau Gmbh | Verfahren zur ofenbeheizung |
US4348175A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-09-07 | American Standard Inc. | Kiln car |
US4310301A (en) * | 1980-11-19 | 1982-01-12 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Combination burner and exhaust gas recirculation system for a carbottom furnace |
US4721459A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1988-01-26 | Ferro Corporation | Modular, insulating kiln car top |
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1985
- 1985-04-01 CN CN85102032A patent/CN85102032B/zh not_active Expired
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- 1987-09-02 US US07/092,241 patent/US4792301A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4792301A (en) | 1988-12-20 |
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