CN220172319U - 机动车 - Google Patents

机动车 Download PDF

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CN220172319U
CN220172319U CN202321158881.0U CN202321158881U CN220172319U CN 220172319 U CN220172319 U CN 220172319U CN 202321158881 U CN202321158881 U CN 202321158881U CN 220172319 U CN220172319 U CN 220172319U
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channel
exhaust
electrical energy
motor vehicle
protection plate
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S·穆斯图菲
P·克尔纳
C·福尔克默
S·弗里斯
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种机动车(1)，该机动车具有电驱动单元(2)、电能储存器(7)和排气装置(11)，其中，电能储存器(7)包括壳体(8)，该壳体具有内部空间(10)和布置在该壳体中的至少一个电芯(9)，其中，排气装置(11)包括至少一个排气通道(12)，该至少一个排气通道与电能储存器(7)的内部空间(10)和外部环境(17)以流体流动的方式连接，其中，至少一个排气通道(12)借助于通道壁(13)形成，该通道壁限定排气通道(12)的路径，其中，通道壁(13)被构造成使得排气通道(12)具有基于多个通道偏转部(14)而形成的弯曲的路径。

Description

机动车
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种具有电驱动单元、电能储存器和排气装置的机动车。
背景技术
在具有电驱动单元和带有电芯的电能储存器的电驱动机动车中，电能储存器的区域中的排气装置是已知的，以便能够从电能储存器中选择性地去除气体，这些气体可能形成于热事件中，例如在内部故障的情况下，或者在电能储存器的电芯损坏的情况下。从电能储存器系统中去除热气体旨在防止电能储存器系统中的热气体造成甚至更大的损坏，例如损坏另外的电芯，使得由此防止损坏另外的电芯的连锁反应。
例如，从DE 10 2009 046 385 A1中已知一种来自电能储存器的排气装置。
在具有电驱动单元、电能储存器和这种排气装置的机动车中，存在排出的热气体可能与空气混合的问题，并且由于热气体与空气中的氧气混合而可能点燃热气体，使得其他物体也可能被引燃。
此外，已表明，从电芯中也可能释放颗粒，这会促进热气体的点燃。
实用新型内容
本实用新型解决的问题是创造一种具有电驱动单元、电能储存器和排气装置的机动车，其中降低了从电能储存器中排出的气体点燃的风险。
本实用新型的一个实施方案的示例涉及一种机动车，该机动车具有电驱动单元、电能储存器和排气装置，其中电能储存器包括壳体，该壳体具有内部空间和布置在该壳体中的至少一个电芯，其中排气装置包括至少一个排气通道，该至少一个排气通道与电能储存器的内部空间和外部环境以流体流动的方式连接，其中至少一个排气通道借助于通道壁而形成，该通道壁限定排气通道的路径，其中通道壁被构造成使得排气通道具有基于多个通道偏转部而形成的弯曲的路径。由于至少一个排气通道的通道偏转部的设计，因而至少一个排气通道与直线路径相比在排气装置内显著延长，使得热气体在排气通道中停留的时间更长，并且在排出到外部环境之前被更大程度地冷却，这极大地降低了热气体的可燃性。另外，通道偏转部也对排出的颗粒造成阻碍，这些颗粒可以在通道偏转部处停止并且可选地也聚集在那里，这也降低了热气体的可燃性。所有这些都显著降低了从电能储存器中排出的气体点燃的风险。
根据一个实施方案的示例，有利的是排气通道具有曲折路径。因此，与直线通道设计相比，通过多个并置的反向旋转通道偏转部，排气通道的长度显著延长，使得热气体点燃的风险由此显著降低。
特别有利的是，排气通道或相应的排气通道在至少一个通道偏转部的区域中或者在若干通道偏转部上或者在所有通道偏转部上包括接收凹穴或分别包括接收凹穴。这种接收凹穴用于确保夹带在气流中的颗粒进入通道偏转部的区域中的接收凹穴中，并且被捕获在接收凹穴或者粘附到接收凹穴的壁，并且不再被气流夹带或者可以在接收凹穴的壁上冷却，并且可以不再实现气体点燃。接收凹穴可以被构造为通道偏转部的壁的凹部，例如阶梯，该凹部在气流的方向上形成障碍。
在另一实施方案的示例中，还有利的是，电能储存器被构造为底板集成式电能储存器(例如可充电电池)或者是车底电池，其中防撞保护板布置在电能储存器下方，所述防撞保护板与电能储存器相邻。电能储存器系统因此可以以节省空间的方式进行布置，并且还通过防撞保护板来保护其免受来自下方的冲击。
特别优选的是，排气装置集成到具有至少一个排气通道的防撞保护板中。这意味着防撞保护板执行或包括形成具有至少一个排气通道的排气装置。这可能意味着与防撞保护板集成的共同构型，或者额外地固定到防撞保护板。这允许简单且便宜的制造和组装。
特别优选的是，防撞保护板构造出或包括至少一个排气通道以及构造出或包括形成至少一个排气通道的通道壁。因此，防撞保护板的设计产生排气通道的形成，这也允许简单的制造和组装。
特别有利的是，防撞保护板被构造为单层或多层，其中在单层或多层防撞保护板中，至少面向电能储存器的最上层构造出或包括至少一个排气通道以及构造出或包括形成至少一个排气通道的通道壁。因此，上层可以具有通道形成特性，而其他层可以具有其他任务。例如，下层可以主要具有强度任务，以便能够在不损坏电能储存器的情况下吸收来自底部的力。另外，与单片单层防撞保护板相比，在多层板的情况下，可以更容易地实现使不同层适于满足各种规格。
在另一实施方案的示例中，还有利的是防撞保护板被构造成三层，其中两个外层被构造成基本上压力稳定，并且两个外层之间的中间层被构造为可压缩层。因此，外层可以承担稳定性任务，而中间层可以用来对表面进行模型化，并且形成弹性或吸收冲击的塑料特性。
还有利的是，两个外层由塑料纤维复合物形成，并且中间层由泡沫材料形成。因此，可能的是，通过压缩层布置，可以通过局部压入泡沫材料来形成通道形成的通道壁，使得未压缩的区域可以形成高耸的通道壁。凹陷随后可以形成排气通道。
还有利的是，防撞保护板配备有至少一个密封元件，以便借助于至少一个密封元件构造成排气通道以及构造成形成至少一个排气通道的通道壁。
附图说明
下文参考附图基于实施方案的示例来详细地描述本实用新型。附图示出了：
图1是根据本实用新型的机动车的实施方案的示例的示意图，
图2是具有带有排气通道的排气装置的电能储存器的壳体的横截面视图，并且
图3是根据本实用新型的排气通道的视图。
附图标记列表：
1 机动车
2 驱动单元
3 电动马达
4 车轮
5 前桥
6 后桥
7 能量储存器
8 壳体
9 电芯
10 内部空间
11 排气装置
12 排气通道
13 通道壁
14 通道偏转部
15 接收凹穴
16 防撞保护板
17 外部环境
18 第一外层
19 中间层
20 第二外层
21 固定点
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有用于驱动机动车1的电驱动单元2的机动车1的示意图。在此实施方案的示例中，驱动单元2被构造有两个电动马达3，该两个电动马达驱动前桥5和后桥6的车轮4。
机动车1还包括电能储存器7，诸如可充电电池，该电能储存器例如被构造且布置为车底电池。然而，电能储存器7也可以以其他方式进行构造。电能储存器7包括例如具有内部空间10的壳体8，在该壳体中布置有多个电芯9，其中电芯9彼此电连接以便实现期望的输出电压。
此外，提供了排气装置11，该排气装置至少包括一个排气通道12或包括多个排气通道12。相应设置的排气通道12一方面与电能储存器7的内部空间10以流体流动的方式连接，并且另一方面与外部环境17以流体流动的方式连接。例如，相应的排气通道12与电芯9以流体流动的方式连接。
因此，本实用新型涉及一种电驱动或半电驱动的机动车，该机动车具有至少一个电能储存器装置，诸如电池系统。
至少一个排气通道12借助于通道壁13进行构造，也参见图2和图3，该通道壁限定排气通道12的路径。
通道壁13被构造成使得排气通道12具有基于多个通道偏转部14而形成的弯曲的路径。因此，实现了将用于流出气体的排气通道12的有效长度延长，这改善了流出壳体8的气体的冷却。
图3示出了排气通道12具有曲折路径。在图3中，还可以清楚地看出，在此实施方案的示例中，若干排气通道12彼此相邻布置，并且/或者两个排气通道12分别也在相反方向上从中心区域延伸。
根据本实用新型的实施方案的示例，还特别优选的是，排气通道12在至少一个通道偏转部14的区域中包括接收凹穴15。该相应的接收凹穴15表示通道偏转部14的区域中的通道壁13中的一种类型的凹部，该凹部使得随流动气体输送的颗粒能够积聚在接收凹穴15中并在其中被捕获，并且不被进一步输送。因此将颗粒从气流中滤出。这降低了气流中的这类颗粒将气流局部强烈加热并点燃气流的风险，例如在与大气的氧气接触时。
排气通道12优选地具有一种类型的曲折形状，该曲折形状具有针对气流的若干方向变化，这适用于借助在方向变化的区域中出现的离心力从离开电芯9的气流中滤出颗粒。
从图1中可以借助于示例看出，电能储存器7被构造为底板集成式电能储存器7或者是车底电池，其中防撞保护板16布置在电能储存器7下方，该防撞保护板与电能储存器7相邻。
根据图1的实施方案的示例，具有至少一个排气通道12的排气装置11被构造成集成到防撞保护板16中。这意味着防撞保护板16构造出或包括至少一个排气通道12以及构造出或包括形成至少一个排气通道12的通道壁13。
布置在电能储存器7下方的防撞保护板16构造成至少一个排气通道12，该至少一个排气通道被构造成位于电能储存器7与防撞保护板16之间，并且与电能储存器7的至少一个排气口连通。
根据有利的实施方案的示例，防撞保护板16可以被构造为单层或多层，其中在单层或多层防撞保护板16中，至少面向电能储存器7的最上层即第一外层18构造出或包括至少一个排气通道12以及构造出或包括形成至少一个排气通道12的通道壁13。在图2中所示出的示例中，防撞保护板16包括三个层，即：第一外层18、中间层19、第二外层20。例如，第一外层18面向并且还接触电能储存器7。
因此，防撞保护板16可以被构造成三层，例如其中第一外层18和第二外层20被构造成基本上压力稳定，并且第一外层18和第二外层20之间的中间层19被构造为可压缩层。
第一外层18和第二外层20可以由塑料纤维复合材料形成，并且中间层19可以由泡沫材料形成。
在优选实施方案中，防撞保护板16中的凸起可以用于密封并形成防撞保护板16与电能储存器7之间的排气通道12。例如，通过将作为泡沫层的中间层19从下方以强烈的局部力压缩到防撞保护板上，可以使防撞保护板16的结构变形，使得不会由于凸起而对电能储存器7造成局部损坏。
替代地或另外地，防撞保护板16可以配备有至少一个密封元件，以便借助于至少一个密封元件来构造出排气通道12以及构造出形成至少一个排气通道12的通道壁13。
在优选实施方案中，将用于形成例如呈曲折形式的排气通道12的至少一个密封件或密封元件附接在防撞保护板16与电能储存器7的下侧之间。密封件或密封元件优选地附接到防撞保护板16。
在具体的示例性实施方案中，密封件或密封元件呈泡沫或实心密封唇的形式。
在优选实施方案中，电能储存器7在其底侧与通道形成侧基本上齐平地布置。
还优选的是，防撞保护板16在若干面式分布的固定点21处固定到电能储存器7。
在优选实施方案中，防撞保护板16的形状(诸如曲折形状)由第一外层18的隆起来构造。
在优选实施方案中，隆起的至少一部分用于在电能储存器7的在对车辆下侧有机械应力的情况下尽可能稳定的位置处支撑防撞保护板16。

Claims (10)

1.一种机动车(1)，所述机动车具有电驱动单元(2)、电能储存器(7)和排气装置(11)，其中，所述电能储存器(7)包括壳体(8)，所述壳体具有内部空间(10)和布置在所述壳体中的至少一个电芯(9)，其特征在于，所述排气装置(11)包括至少一个排气通道(12)，所述至少一个排气通道一方面与所述电能储存器(7)的所述内部空间(10)且另一方面与外部环境(17)以流体流动的方式连接，其中，所述至少一个排气通道(12)借助于通道壁(13)形成，所述通道壁限定所述排气通道(12)的路径，其中，所述通道壁(13)被构造成使得所述排气通道(12)具有基于多个通道偏转部(14)而形成的弯曲的路径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述排气通道(12)具有曲折路径。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述排气通道(12)在至少一个通道偏转部(14)的区域中具有接收凹穴(15)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述电能储存器(7)被构造为底板集成式电能储存器或者是车底电池，其中，在所述电能储存器(7)下方布置防撞保护板(16)，所述防撞保护板与所述电能储存器(7)相邻。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，具有所述至少一个排气通道(12)的排气装置(11)集成到防撞保护板(16)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述防撞保护板(16)包括所述至少一个排气通道(12)以及包括形成所述至少一个排气通道(12)的所述通道壁(13)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述防撞保护板(16)被构造为单层或多层，其中，在单层或多层防撞保护板(16)中，至少面向所述电能储存器(7)的第一外层(18)包括所述至少一个排气通道(12)以及包括形成所述至少一个排气通道(12)的所述通道壁(13)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述防撞保护板(16)被构造成三层，其中，第一外层(18)和第二外层(20)被构造成压力稳定，所述第一外层(18)和第二外层(20)之间的中间层(19)被构造为可压缩层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述第一外层(18)和第二外层(20)由塑料纤维复合材料形成，并且所述中间层(19)由泡沫材料形成。
10.根据权利要求5所述的机动车(1)，其特征在于，所述防撞保护板(16)配备有至少一个密封元件，以便借助于所述密封元件来构造出所述排气通道(12)以及构造出形成所述至少一个排气通道(12)的所述通道壁(13)。
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