CN219144998U - Short-circuit protection circuit and switching power supply - Google Patents

Short-circuit protection circuit and switching power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN219144998U
CN219144998U CN202222884109.9U CN202222884109U CN219144998U CN 219144998 U CN219144998 U CN 219144998U CN 202222884109 U CN202222884109 U CN 202222884109U CN 219144998 U CN219144998 U CN 219144998U
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short
tube
protection circuit
transmission module
circuit protection
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郑满鹏
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Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
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Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a short-circuit protection circuit which is applied to a switching power supply, wherein the switching power supply comprises a main power transmission module and a control chip; the short-circuit protection circuit includes: a capacitor C1, a resistor R1 and a switch tube Q1; the first end of the capacitor C1 is used as a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit and is connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the first end of the resistor R1 and the first end of the switching tube Q1; the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the second end of the switch tube Q1, the common end of the resistor R1 is used as the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module, the third end of the switch tube Q1 is used as the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the enable pin EN of the control chip, and the control driving pin GATE of the control chip is connected with the input end of the main power transmission module. The utility model can realize the rapid detection and timely protection of the product when the load end of the power supply product is short-circuited.

Description

Short-circuit protection circuit and switching power supply
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of switching power supplies, in particular to a short-circuit protection circuit.
Background
In the field of switching power supplies, the maximum power that a product can bear is limited, and when the load carried by the switching power supply product exceeds the designed maximum power, the phenomenon that the product is damaged due to the fact that the device cannot bear is easy to occur; while a product short circuit is equivalent to a very high load, it is understood that a short circuit is a more severe overload, and therefore the risk of device damage is greater when a short circuit occurs at the load end of the product.
For this reason, the switching power supply is usually provided with a short-circuit protection function to avoid the above-mentioned problem of device damage. The conventional short-circuit protection is hiccup type protection, namely, after a short-circuit problem is detected when a product works, the product still can continue to work for a short period of time so as to ensure that the short-circuit problem actually occurs instead of misjudgment of a control chip, and the product stops working after the short-circuit problem is confirmed not to be misjudged, so that the current, the voltage and the thermal stress born by the device are reduced. When the product stops working for a period of time, the product can be restarted in a soft start mode to confirm whether the short circuit problem is cancelled. If the short circuit problem is removed, the product can resume normal operation, if the short circuit problem is not removed, the above process is repeated, and the operation is stopped after a short period of time. Therefore, if the load end is in a short circuit state for a long time, the product can continuously work for a short time and stop working for a period of time, and the hiccup type short circuit protection is obtained.
The hiccup type short circuit protection has a problem in that in order to ensure that the short circuit problem is actually occurred rather than misjudged, the product is operated for a short period of time under an extremely heavy load such as a short circuit state. In the period, if the control chip cannot adjust the driving duty ratio in time according to the load condition, the product can cause overlarge current stress of the device because the duty ratio of the control chip is opened too much, and further, the magnetic device is out of control because of overlarge current, so that the magnetic device is saturated and is damaged finally.
The problem is most serious when the product is switched to a short circuit state in normal operation, and the current stress is not too large because the product is in a soft start mode when the product is restarted; the load end suddenly short-circuits when the product works normally, the product still works continuously within a short period of time after the short-circuits happen, and the problem that the product devices are damaged easily due to overlarge current is always difficult to solve in the field of switching power supplies.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the utility model provides a short-circuit protection circuit and a switching power supply, which can respond rapidly to the lowering of the enable pin of the control chip when the power supply product is switched from a normal working state to a short-circuit state, so that the power supply product stops working to reduce the current stress and improve the reliability of the whole product.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a short-circuit protection circuit is provided and is applied to a switching power supply, the switching power supply includes a main power transmission module and a control chip, and the short-circuit protection circuit includes: a capacitor C1, a resistor R1 and a switch tube Q1; the first end of the capacitor C1 is used as a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit and connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module, and is used for receiving the output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module; the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the first end of the resistor R1 and the first end of the switch tube Q1; the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the second end of the switch tube Q1, the common end of the resistor R1 is used as the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module, the third end of the switch tube Q1 is used as the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the enabling pin EN of the control chip, and the control driving pin GATE of the control chip is connected with the input end of the main power transmission module.
Preferably, a voltage regulator tube D2 is further connected between the third end of the switch tube Q1 and the enable pin EN of the control chip, an anode of the voltage regulator tube D2 is connected with the third end of the switch tube Q1, and a cathode of the voltage regulator tube D2 is connected with the enable pin EN of the control chip.
Preferably, the switching tube Q1 is a MOS tube, a first end of the switching tube Q1 is a source electrode of the MOS tube, a second end of the switching tube Q1 is a gate electrode of the MOS tube, and a third end of the switching tube Q1 is a drain electrode of the MOS tube;
or, the switching tube Q1 is a triode, the first end of the switching tube Q1 is an emitter of the triode, the second end of the switching tube Q1 is a base of the triode, and the third end of the switching tube Q1 is a collector of the triode.
In a second aspect, a short-circuit protection circuit is provided and is applied to a switching power supply, where the switching power supply includes a main power transmission module and a control chip, and the short-circuit protection circuit includes: capacitor C1, resistor R1, switching tube Q1 and voltage stabilizing tube D1; the first end of the resistor R1 is used as a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit and connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module, and is used for receiving the output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module; the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C1, the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the first end of the switch tube Q1 and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1 is connected with the second end of the switch tube Q1, the common end of the voltage stabilizing tube D is used as the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module, the third end of the switch tube Q1 is used as the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the enabling pin EN of the control chip, and the control driving pin GATE of the control chip is connected with the input end of the main power transmission module.
Preferably, a voltage regulator tube D2 is further connected between the third end of the switch tube Q1 and the enable pin EN of the control chip, an anode of the voltage regulator tube D2 is connected with the third end of the switch tube Q1, and a cathode of the voltage regulator tube D2 is connected with the enable pin EN of the control chip.
Preferably, the switching tube Q1 is a MOS tube, a first end of the switching tube Q1 is a source electrode of the MOS tube, a second end of the switching tube Q1 is a gate electrode of the MOS tube, and a third end of the switching tube Q1 is a drain electrode of the MOS tube;
or, the switching tube Q1 is a triode, the first end of the switching tube Q1 is an emitter of the triode, the second end of the switching tube Q1 is a base of the triode, and the third end of the switching tube Q1 is a collector of the triode.
In a third aspect, a short-circuit protection circuit is provided, and the short-circuit protection circuit is applied to a switching power supply, where the switching power supply includes a main power transmission module and a control chip, and is characterized in that a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit is connected with a power output end Vo of the main power transmission module, and is configured to receive an output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module, so as to quickly detect an operating state of the switching power supply; the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module; the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit is connected with an enable pin EN of the control chip, and is used for transmitting a feedback signal output by the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to the control chip, and the control chip outputs a control signal according to the feedback signal and transmits the control signal to the main power transmission module through a control driving pin GATE so as to control the turn-off of the switching power supply.
In a fourth aspect, a switching power supply is provided, comprising a short-circuit protection circuit as described in any one of the preceding claims.
The specific working principle of the present utility model will be described in the specific embodiment, and is not described herein. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: when the power supply product is switched from a normal working state to a short circuit state, the short circuit protection module provided by the scheme can quickly respond to the pulling down of the enabling pin of the control chip, so that the current stress born by the power supply product when the power supply product is switched to the short circuit state is reduced; meanwhile, the device is not easy to be triggered by mistake under other normal working conditions, and the reliability of the whole product is improved; the circuit structure of the scheme is simple, and the product cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present utility model can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the utility model, briefly summarized below, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, as described in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, comprising a series of elements or unit circuits that are not necessarily limited to those elements or unit circuits explicitly listed, but may include elements or unit circuits that are not explicitly listed or inherent to such circuits.
The circuit schematic block diagram of the utility model is shown in fig. 1, the application provides a short-circuit protection circuit 102, which is applied to a switching power supply, wherein the switching power supply comprises a main power transmission module 101 and a control chip 103, and a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit 102 is connected with a power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 and is used for receiving an output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module 101 so as to conveniently and rapidly detect the working state of the switching power supply; a second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit 102 is connected with a ground end GND of the main power transmission module 101; the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit 102 is connected with an enable pin EN of the control chip 103, and is used for transmitting a feedback signal output by the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit 102 to the control chip 103, and the control chip 103 outputs a control signal according to the feedback signal, and transmits the control signal to the input end of the main power transmission module 101 through a control driving pin GATE, so as to control the turn-off of the switching power supply.
First embodiment
As shown in fig. 2, a short-circuit protection circuit 102 provided in this embodiment includes: capacitor C1, resistor R1 and MOS transistor Q1; the first end of the capacitor C1 is used as a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit 102 and is connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the first end of the resistor R1 and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1; the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 and the ground GND of the main power transmission module 101, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the enable pin EN of the control chip 103.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: when the power supply product works normally, the output voltage output by the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 returns to the ground end GND of the main power transmission module 101 through the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1 of the short-circuit protection circuit 102, the capacitor C1 is charged through the loop, and the voltage at two ends of the capacitor C1 is kept unchanged after the capacitor C1 is fully charged; during this period, the gate voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is always slightly smaller than the source voltage, and is close to 0V, at this time, the MOS transistor Q1 is kept in an off state, the enable pin EN of the control chip 103 is not pulled down, and the power supply product works normally.
When the load end of the power supply product is short-circuited, namely the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 is short-circuited with the ground end GND, the voltage of the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 is rapidly reduced; since the voltages at the two ends of the capacitor C1 will not be suddenly changed, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge through the resistor R1, then the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is pulled to a negative voltage, and at this time, the GATE voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is greater than the source voltage, the MOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the voltage at the enable pin EN is rapidly pulled down, the signal output is stopped by the drive control pin GATE of the control chip 103, and the main power transmission module 101 stops working. The characteristic that voltage at two ends of a capacitor cannot be suddenly changed is utilized, so that the short-circuit protection circuit 102 can quickly react to the short circuit of the load end of a power supply product, the voltage at the enable pin EN of the control chip 103 is quickly pulled down to stop the power supply product, and further the problem that the power supply product is damaged due to overlarge current stress is prevented from being born by the device.
Second embodiment
The second optimized implementation manner provided in the present application is shown in fig. 3, and the circuit structure of the second optimized implementation manner of the first embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, and the main difference is that: a voltage stabilizing tube D2 is also connected between the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and the enable pin EN of the control chip 103; the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is connected with the enable pin EN of the control chip 103.
The working principle of the present preferred embodiment is also similar to that of the first embodiment, except that: the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is increased, so that the source voltage of the MOS tube Q1 must be low enough to pull down the voltage at the enable pin EN of the control chip 103, thus reducing the risk of erroneous conduction of the short-circuit protection circuit 102; when the voltage of the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 fluctuates due to load jump, the voltage at the enable pin EN of the control chip 103 will not be easily pulled down even if the MOS transistor Q1 is turned on, and only when the short circuit state is actually generated, the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 will be pulled down enough to pull down the voltage at the enable pin EN.
Third embodiment
As another specific embodiment of the short-circuit protection circuit 102, as shown in fig. 4, the third optimized embodiment provided in the present application includes: the capacitor C1, the resistor R1, the MOS tube Q1 and the voltage stabilizing tube D1; the first end of the resistor R1 is connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C1, the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1 is respectively connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module 101, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the enabling pin EN of the control chip 103.
For products with adjustable output voltage, the adjustable output voltage range is between 20V and 50V, under different working conditions, the voltage at the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 may be 20V or 50V, which increases the design difficulty of the short-circuit protection circuit 102, and when the engineer designs the parameters of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, the engineer needs to ensure that the enable pin EN of the control chip 103 is reliably pulled down when the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 is short-circuited at the load end of the power supply product; the enable pin EN of the control chip 103 will not be triggered by mistake under normal conditions even if the voltage at the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101 is extremely high, and the design difficulty is significantly high.
Based on this, the present embodiment is further optimized in terms of circuit structure compared with the first embodiment, but its working principle is similar to that of the first embodiment, and the main difference is that: in the first embodiment, a device between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is changed from a resistor R1 to a voltage regulator D1, and the resistor R1 is connected between the capacitor C1 and the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101; therefore, no matter how much voltage is normally output from the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101, when a short circuit occurs at the load end of the power supply product, the gate-source voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is clamped to a voltage-stabilizing value by the voltage-stabilizing transistor D1, and the short circuit protection circuit 102 is not easily interfered by the voltage at the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module 101, so that the applicability of the product with adjustable output voltage is wider.
Fourth embodiment
The fourth optimization implementation manner provided in the present application is shown in fig. 5, where the optimization implementation manner of the present embodiment is a combination of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, that is, a voltage stabilizing tube D2 is added to the circuit structure of the third embodiment, and the access manner of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is the same as that of the second embodiment, so that the circuit structure and the working principle of the present embodiment are not repeated herein.
It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the present utility model, and it should be recognized that the present utility model is applicable to other broader scope. In light of the foregoing, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that various modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the essential spirit of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a short-circuit protection circuit is applied to switching power supply, switching power supply includes main power transmission module and control chip, its characterized in that: the short-circuit protection circuit includes: a capacitor C1, a resistor R1 and a switch tube Q1; the first end of the capacitor C1 is used as a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit and connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module, and is used for receiving the output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module; the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the first end of the resistor R1 and the first end of the switch tube Q1; the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the second end of the switch tube Q1, the common end of the resistor R1 is used as the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module, the third end of the switch tube Q1 is used as the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the enabling pin EN of the control chip, and the control driving pin GATE of the control chip is connected with the input end of the main power transmission module.
2. The short-circuit protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: and a voltage stabilizing tube D2 is further connected between the third end of the switching tube Q1 and the enable pin EN of the control chip, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is connected with the third end of the switching tube Q1, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is connected with the enable pin EN of the control chip.
3. A short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the switching tube Q1 is a MOS tube, the first end of the switching tube Q1 is a source electrode of the MOS tube, the second end of the switching tube Q1 is a grid electrode of the MOS tube, and the third end of the switching tube Q1 is a drain electrode of the MOS tube;
or, the switching tube Q1 is a triode, the first end of the switching tube Q1 is an emitter of the triode, the second end of the switching tube Q1 is a base of the triode, and the third end of the switching tube Q1 is a collector of the triode.
4. A short-circuit protection circuit for a switching power supply, the switching power supply comprising a main power transmission module and a control chip, the short-circuit protection circuit comprising: capacitor C1, resistor R1, switching tube Q1 and voltage stabilizing tube D1; the first end of the resistor R1 is used as a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit and connected with the power output end Vo of the main power transmission module, and is used for receiving the output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module; the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C1, the second end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with the first end of the switch tube Q1 and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1 is connected with the second end of the switch tube Q1, the common end of the voltage stabilizing tube D is used as the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module, the third end of the switch tube Q1 is used as the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to be connected with the enabling pin EN of the control chip, and the control driving pin GATE of the control chip is connected with the input end of the main power transmission module.
5. The short-circuit protection circuit of claim 4, wherein: and a voltage stabilizing tube D2 is further connected between the third end of the switching tube Q1 and the enable pin EN of the control chip, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is connected with the third end of the switching tube Q1, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D2 is connected with the enable pin EN of the control chip.
6. The short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 4-5, wherein: the switching tube Q1 is a MOS tube, the first end of the switching tube Q1 is a source electrode of the MOS tube, the second end of the switching tube Q1 is a grid electrode of the MOS tube, and the third end of the switching tube Q1 is a drain electrode of the MOS tube;
or, the switching tube Q1 is a triode, the first end of the switching tube Q1 is an emitter of the triode, the second end of the switching tube Q1 is a base of the triode, and the third end of the switching tube Q1 is a collector of the triode.
7. The short-circuit protection circuit is applied to a switching power supply, and comprises a main power transmission module and a control chip, and is characterized in that a first input end of the short-circuit protection circuit is connected with a power output end Vo of the main power transmission module and is used for receiving output voltage transmitted by the main power transmission module so as to conveniently and rapidly detect the working state of the switching power supply; the second input end of the short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the grounding end GND of the main power transmission module; the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit is connected with an enable pin EN of the control chip, and is used for transmitting a feedback signal output by the output end of the short-circuit protection circuit to the control chip, and the control chip outputs a control signal according to the feedback signal and transmits the control signal to the main power transmission module through a control driving pin GATE so as to control the turn-off of the switching power supply.
8. A switching power supply, characterized by: the switching power supply comprising a short-circuit protection circuit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1-7.
CN202222884109.9U 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Short-circuit protection circuit and switching power supply Active CN219144998U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202222884109.9U CN219144998U (en) 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Short-circuit protection circuit and switching power supply

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202222884109.9U CN219144998U (en) 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Short-circuit protection circuit and switching power supply

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN219144998U true CN219144998U (en) 2023-06-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Link
CN (1) CN219144998U (en)

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