CN217231876U - Rock slope vegetation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rock matter side slope vegetation system solves the domatic slope and plain noodles that exist of part, thereby vegetation antigravity growth does not have the condition that can supply the vegetation to prick root and save nourishment, moisture and causes the technical problem of vegetation growth difficulty. The utility model comprises a wire netting laid on the surface layer of the rock slope, a reinforcing mesh arranged on the surface layer of the rock slope and positioned above the wire netting, a vegetation concrete substrate base layer sprayed on the surface layer of the rock slope, a vegetation concrete substrate surface layer sprayed on the vegetation concrete substrate base layer, a vegetation layer rooted in the vegetation concrete substrate base layer and covered on the outer surface of the vegetation concrete substrate surface layer; the wire netting and the steel bar netting are positioned in the vegetation concrete substrate. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and scientific and reasonable design, convenient to use, it can effectively solve the domatic slope and the plain noodles that exist of part, thereby vegetation antigravity growth does not have the condition that can supply the vegetation to prick root and save nourishment, moisture and causes the technical problem of vegetation growth difficulty.

Description

Rock slope vegetation system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the vegetation is planted, concretely relates to rock slope vegetation system.

Background

The rocky side slope is generally steep, has no vegetation condition, and is difficult to restore the original ecological balance by natural force. Bare rock slopes pose a number of problems such as the destruction of the food chain, the deterioration of local microclimates (heat island effect in summer), and the visual pollution of rock slopes due to dull and monotonous surface color of the slopes. Engineering measures are taken, on the premise of ensuring the slope stability, the rock slope is covered with green clothes as soon as possible, ecological deterioration can be relieved, the requirement for beautifying the environment is met, and the sustainable development requirement at the present stage is met.

The traditional slope ecological restoration technology mainly comprises the techniques of foreign soil spray seeding, thick-layer base material spray seeding, high-order granule spray seeding and the like. The alien soil spray seeding is a vegetation recovery technology which is characterized in that improved alien soil, a binder, a fertilizer, an organic matter, seeds, water and other materials are mixed and stirred uniformly to prepare a spray seeding base material, and a soil structure similar to natural surface soil with a certain thickness is created, so that plant seeds can root, germinate and grow; the base material has no strength, cannot resist rain wash, is easy to fall off and run off, has low nutrient content and weak persistence, and is suitable for soil slopes with the ratio of 1:1 below. TBS for spray-seeding of thick-layer base material belongs to the improved alien soil spray-seeding technology, and is a vegetation recovery technology which is characterized in that organic matter, slow-release fertilizer, compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent and the like are prepared into special light base material, and the special light base material is uniformly mixed with plant loam and vegetation seeds in proportion and then sprayed to a slope surface to form the vegetation seeds which can take root, sprout and grow, and belongs to the improved alien soil spray-seeding technology; the base material has certain strength, weak anti-scouring capability and easy loss of nutrients, and is suitable for the conditions of 1: soil below 0.75, broken rock slope. The high-order granule spraying technology is different from the foreign soil spraying technology and the TBS technology in that the high-order granule is added into the base material. The artificial soil forms a honeycomb structure, has water retention, water permeability and air permeability, and is suitable for plant growth; the honeycomb structure has a good honeycomb structure, has certain scouring resistance, is easy to peel off, is easy to lose nutrients, and is suitable for a honeycomb structure with the weight ratio of 1: soil slope below 0.5, and broken rock slope.

Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to design a rock slope vegetation system to solve the technical problem that vegetation growth is difficult due to the fact that there are slopes and polished surfaces on part of slopes and the conditions for plant anti-gravity growth for plant root-cutting and nutrient and moisture storage are unavailable.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is: the rock slope vegetation system solves the technical problem that vegetation is difficult to grow due to the fact that a part of slope surfaces have slopes and polished surfaces and the condition that vegetation can not be rooted and store nutrients and moisture exists in the antigravity growth of vegetation.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a rock slope vegetation system comprises a wire mesh paved on the surface layer of a rock slope, a reinforcing mesh arranged on the surface layer of the rock slope and positioned above the wire mesh, a vegetation concrete substrate base layer sprayed on the surface layer of the rock slope, a vegetation concrete substrate surface layer sprayed on the vegetation concrete substrate base layer, and a vegetation layer rooted in the vegetation concrete substrate base layer and covered on the outer surface of the vegetation concrete substrate surface layer; the wire netting and the reinforcing bar net are positioned in the vegetation concrete substrate.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a plurality of anchor rods anchored in the rock slope, the reinforcing mesh is welded and fixed with the anchor rods, and the wire mesh is bound and fixed with the anchor rods through binding wires.

Further, the anchor rod and the rock slope surface are distributed at an included angle of 100 degrees.

Further, the anchor rods are distributed in multiple horizontal line layers, the anchor rods on the same horizontal line layer are distributed at equal intervals, the anchor rods on adjacent horizontal line layers are distributed in a staggered mode, and the horizontal line layer distances are the same.

Furthermore, an anchor hole matched with the anchor rod is drilled in the rock slope, the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole and anchored through concrete, and the length of the anchor rod exposed out of the anchor hole is 4-5% of the total length of the anchor rod.

Further, the wire mesh is 14# galvanized wire mesh, and the mesh of the wire mesh is 5X 5 cm.

Furthermore, the reinforcing mesh is formed by welding phi 6 reinforcing steel bars, and the mesh of the reinforcing mesh is 200 multiplied by 200 cm.

Further, the spacing between the reinforcing mesh and the wire mesh is 5 cm.

Further, the thickness of the vegetation concrete substrate is 8 cm.

Furthermore, the thickness of the surface layer of the vegetation concrete substrate is 2 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and scientific and reasonable design, convenient to use, it can effectively solve the domatic slope and the plain noodles that exist of part, thereby vegetation antigravity growth does not have the condition that can supply the vegetation to prick root and save nourishment, moisture and causes the technical problem of vegetation growth difficulty.

The utility model has three benefits, wherein in one aspect, the vegetation concrete is closely combined with the reinforced system in the aspect of safety benefit, thus realizing the active protection of the side slope, eliminating the risk of falling rocks on the side slope and effectively ensuring the safety of tourists; secondly, in the aspect of landscape benefits, the vegetation concrete adopts herbs, shrubs, vines and wild flowers for combination and collocation, so that the side slope is greened, a refreshing visual effect is provided for visitors, and a bright spot is added; thirdly, in the aspect of ecological environment protection, after vegetation grows, a damaged side slope ecosystem is repaired, plant species are enriched, a beautiful plant community capable of being managed roughly is formed, and a good living environment is provided for local organisms.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is the utility model discloses rock matter slope vegetation system schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the vegetation planting construction method of the rocky slope vegetation system of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is the installation drawing of the anchor rod of the high and steep slope of the utility model.

Fig. 5 is the utility model discloses high steep side slope screen construction drawing.

Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numbers are:

1-rock slope, 2-wire netting, 3-steel bar netting, 4-vegetation concrete base material layer, 5-vegetation concrete base material surface layer, 6-vegetation layer and 7-anchor rod.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-5, the utility model provides a rock slope vegetation system, including laying the wire netting 2 on the rock slope 1 top layer, install on rock slope 1 top layer and lie in the wire netting 3 of wire netting 2, spout vegetation concrete substrate basic unit 4 on rock slope 1 top layer, spout vegetation concrete substrate 5 on vegetation concrete substrate basic unit 4, and prick root in vegetation concrete substrate basic unit 4 and cover vegetation stratum 6 on vegetation concrete substrate 5 surface layer; the wire netting 2 and the reinforcing mesh 3 are positioned in the vegetation concrete substrate base layer 4.

The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and scientific and reasonable design, convenient to use, it can effectively solve the domatic slope and the plain noodles that exist of part, thereby vegetation antigravity growth does not have the condition that can supply the vegetation to prick root and save nourishment, moisture and causes the technical problem of vegetation growth difficulty.

The utility model relates to a rock slope vegetation system also comprises a plurality of anchor rods 7 anchored in the rock slope 1, a reinforcing mesh 3 is welded and fixed with the anchor rods 7, and a wire mesh 2 is bound and fixed with the anchor rods 7 through binding wires; the anchor rods 7 and the surface of the rock slope 1 form an included angle of 100 degrees; the anchor rods 7 are distributed in multiple horizontal line layers, the anchor rods 7 on the same horizontal line layer are distributed at equal intervals, the anchor rods 7 on adjacent horizontal line layers are distributed in a staggered mode, and the distances between the horizontal line layers are the same; an anchor hole matched with the anchor rod 7 is drilled in the rock slope 1, the anchor rod 7 is inserted into the anchor hole and anchored through concrete, and the length of the anchor rod 7 exposed out of the anchor hole is 4-5% of the total length of the anchor rod; the wire netting 2 is a No. 14 galvanized wire netting, and the mesh of the wire netting 2 is 5 multiplied by 5 cm; the reinforcing mesh 3 is formed by welding phi 6 reinforcing steel bars, and the mesh of the reinforcing mesh 3 is 200 multiplied by 200 cm; the distance between the reinforcing mesh 3 and the iron wire mesh 2 is 5 cm; the thickness of the vegetation concrete substrate base layer 4 is 8cm, and the thickness of the vegetation concrete substrate surface layer 5 is 2 cm.

The utility model has the advantages that the benefits are mainly expressed in three aspects, one of which is that the vegetation concrete is closely combined with the reinforcement system in the aspect of safety benefit, thus realizing the active protection of the side slope, eliminating the risk of falling rocks on the side slope and effectively ensuring the safety of tourists; secondly, in the aspect of landscape benefits, the vegetation concrete adopts herbs, shrubs, vines and wild flowers for combination and collocation, so that the side slope is greened, a refreshing visual effect is provided for visitors, and a bright spot is added; thirdly, in the aspect of ecological environment protection, after vegetation grows, a damaged side slope ecosystem is repaired, plant species are enriched, a beautiful plant community capable of being managed roughly is formed, and a good living environment is provided for local organisms.

The utility model also provides a vegetation planting construction method of rock slope vegetation system, including following step:

firstly, treating a rock slope surface;

step two, measuring and paying off;

step three, constructing a reinforcement system;

step four, construction of a spraying system;

fifthly, vegetation concrete spraying construction;

step six, slope surface treatment;

and seventhly, maintaining.

The utility model discloses in step three, when adding muscle system construction, including following step:

step 1, positioning a drilling machine;

step 2, drilling and cleaning holes;

step 3, anchor hole inspection;

step 4, manufacturing an anchor rod body;

step 5, mounting an anchor rod body;

step 6, grouting and anchoring;

step 7, paving and hanging a galvanized wire mesh;

and 8, laying a reinforcing mesh.

In the step 1, firstly, drilling equipment is selected according to the geological condition of an anchoring section, the aperture and the depth of an anchor rod and the condition of a construction site, a mountain-opening YV-20 anchor rod drilling machine is adopted to drill holes in a rock stratum, and the pressure is stabilized for a certain time when the rock stratum is broken or softened and saturated with water and is easy to collapse holes and grouting is carried out in a stratum with a stuck drill and a buried drill; secondly, accurately installing a fixed drilling machine and adjusting the machine position according to the position of the rock slope surface during anchor hole drilling construction; in the step 2, when drilling and cleaning the hole, the method comprises the following steps:

before drilling, determining that an included angle of 100 degrees is formed between an anchor hole and a rock slope surface during drilling, wherein the diameter of a drill bit of an anchor rod drilling machine is required to be larger than the designed diameter of the anchor hole to ensure the diameter of the anchor hole, and the allowable deviation of the designed actual drilling depth is +/-50 mm to ensure the depth of the anchor hole;

in the drilling process, the drilling speed is controlled according to the performance of the drilling machine and the anchoring stratum, so that the drilling is prevented from being twisted and reduced to cause difficult anchoring or accidents;

step (3), cleaning an anchor hole after drilling: after drilling reaches the designed depth, stable drilling is carried out for 1-2 minutes to prevent the bottom sharp surface of the hole from failing to reach the designed aperture, settled slag and water body attached to the hole wall of the drilled hole are cleaned up in a viscous mode, and after drilling is completed, high-pressure air of 0.2-0.4 MPa is used for completely removing rock powder and water body in the anchor hole out of the hole, so that the bonding strength of cement mortar and rock and soil body on the hole wall is guaranteed; if pressure-bearing water flows out of the anchor hole, anchor bars and grouting can be arranged below the anchor hole after the water pressure and the water quantity are reduced, and drain holes are arranged at proper positions around the anchor hole for treatment if necessary; and if the design requires to treat the accumulated water body in the anchor hole, adopting a grouting plugging secondary drilling method for treatment.

In step 3, when the anchor hole is inspected, after the anchor hole drilling is finished, the designed hole diameter, the drill bit and the standard drill rod are adopted for inspecting the hole, the drill bit smoothly pushes the anchor hole, no impact or shake is generated, the length of the drill bit is inspected to meet the designed anchor hole depth, the drill bit is required to be smoothly retreated, the high-pressure air is used for blowing and inspecting no obvious dust and slag splashing and water phenomenon, meanwhile, the anchor hole position, the inclination angle and the direction are required to be rechecked, and after all anchor hole construction branch work is qualified, the anchor hole drilling inspection is qualified; in the step 4, when anchor rod bodies are manufactured, the anchor rods are blanked according to the designed length, anchor rod reinforcing steel bars are cut off by a cutting machine, the processed anchor rod bodies are stored in a finished product stacking area of the steel bar shed, the length deviation of the anchor rod reinforcing steel bars is not more than 20mm, the tail end of each anchor rod is subjected to painting and oil coating anti-corrosion treatment, the end heads of the anchor rods are welded with reinforcing steel bars in the steel bar net, and if the end heads interfere with the reinforcing steel bars in the steel bar net, the intervals of the reinforcing steel bars in the steel bar net and the wire net stirrups can be locally adjusted; in the step 5, when the anchor rod body is installed, the anchor rod body is prevented from being twisted and bent when entering the hole, and the depth of the anchor rod body entering the hole is not less than 95% of the total length of the anchor rod; before the anchor rod body is installed, each anchor rod body steel bar needs to be ensured to be straight, derusted and degreased; blowing the hole by high-pressure air before installing the anchor rod body, manually putting the anchor rod body into the hole, measuring the length of the anchor rod body exposed out of the anchor hole by using a steel ruler to calculate the length of the anchor rod body in the anchor hole, and ensuring the integral anchoring length; when the anchor rod body is inserted, the grouting pipe and the anchor rod body are simultaneously placed at the bottom of the drilled hole, the anchor rod body is immediately inserted after the hole is washed, and one surface of the anchor rod support is downward when the anchor rod body is inserted.

The utility model discloses in step 6, during the slip casting anchor, including following step:

step 1), selecting a grouting material, wherein the cement is ordinary portland cement with the strength grade not lower than 42.5, the sand is medium-fine sand with the maximum particle size smaller than 2.5mm, and water with the quality specified in the Hydraulic concrete construction Specification is selected;

step 2), grouting mixing proportion, grouting water: cement: the mixing ratio of the sand is 0.36: 1: 1.2, the grouting material can be used after being qualified through laboratory sampling detection;

step 3), grouting for one time by adopting a hole bottom grout returning method, pressing cement slurry into the pull rod pipe from the hole bottom by using a grouting pump from the hole bottom, and then injecting the cement slurry into the anchor hole from the end of the pull rod pipe, wherein the pipe end is kept 50mm higher than the hole bottom; the pouring pressure is 0.4Mpa, the grouting pipe is gradually pulled out to the anchor orifice along with the pouring of cement mortar, and the grouting pipe orifice is required to be always buried in the cement mortar in the pipe pulling process; when cement sand slurry flows back to the anchor hole opening, the cement bag paper is used for tamping into the anchor hole, then wet clay is used for plugging the anchor hole opening and tightly tamping, then filling is carried out at the pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa, and the pressure stabilization is finished within 3-5 minutes;

and 4) after grouting, cleaning the grouting pipe, the grouting gun and the grouting sleeve, and simultaneously making grouting records.

In step 7, when the galvanized wire netting is laid and hung, the 14# galvanized wire netting is laid on the rock slope surface after cleaning and finishing, the distance between the wire netting and the rock slope surface is not less than 6cm, and the wire netting is smoothly bent along with the slope surface, and the distance between the wire netting and the rock slope surface needs to be supported or controlled by a U-shaped nail; the overlapping length between the adjacent overlapped wire netting is not less than 10cm, the binding is firm, the anchor rod of the exposed part is bound with the wire netting firmly, and the bound wire netting is forbidden to be treaded randomly after the construction is finished; in the step 8, when the reinforcing mesh is laid, the reinforcing mesh with the mesh size of 200 × 200cm and the diameter of phi 6 is laid above the wire netting, and the reinforcing mesh is laid synchronously with the rise and fall of the rock slope surface and is welded and fixed with the exposed anchor rods.

The utility model discloses in step one, the domatic treatment of rock matter side slope includes following step:

clearing vegetation joint parts, clearing a contact surface of an original side slope above an opening line of a rocky side slope surface, wherein the clearing width is 1.0-1.5 m, and removing plant branches on the original side slope;

manually removing weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches and pumice on the surface of the slope, and removing rocks on the surface of the rocky side slope by 10cm in thickness, wherein in the surface removing process, in order to reduce the danger caused by the falling rocks at high positions, a stone blocking plate is arranged on the outermost side of each level of the berm;

and step three, slope surface finishing treatment, namely striking the protruded easy-falling dangerous rock, drilling a hole along the slope surface at the protruded part by using an electric hammer or an air pick, and then striking the falling by using a hammer.

The utility model discloses in step two, when measuring the unwrapping wire, according to the design drawing requirement, put on the rock matter side slope is domatic with accurate survey of anchor eye position with the total powerstation, put and draw the hole site with paint on the rock matter side slope is domatic after surveying, the hole site is no longer than 50mm on the rock matter side slope is domatic with moving about freely and quickly error.

In the fourth step of the utility model, when the spraying system is constructed, the water source of the approach is determined, the phi 25PVC main pipe is laid along the berm and the slope top, and the phi 10PVC branch pipe and the rotating plastic spray head are laid along the slope of the rock slope in the direction of solidness to form a spray irrigation network system; all pipelines in the spray irrigation network system are at least 13cm higher than the rocky slope, a phi 25PVC main pipe, phi 10PVC branch pipes and a rotary plastic spray head cannot be covered during vegetation concrete spray construction, the spray head is firmly fixed with the rocky slope through a support, the distance between every two adjacent phi 10PVC branch pipes is 5m, and the spray coverage rate of the spray irrigation system is not less than 95%.

In the fifth step of the utility model, when the vegetation concrete is sprayed, the treatment of rock slope, the arrangement of wire netting and reinforcing mesh and the arrangement of anchor rod are completed, and after the preparation and preparation of the components of the vegetation concrete base material are made, the spraying construction of the vegetation concrete base material can be carried out; the equipment used for spraying and planting is a concrete sprayer, and spraying is carried out on the base layer and the surface layer respectively; spraying protection is carried out from top to bottom on the rocky slope surface, wherein the width of the spraying protection sheet is 4-6 meters and the height of the spraying protection sheet is 3-5 meters after the base layer and the surface layer are sprayed; the spray seeding is carried out by air supply of an air compressor with the volume larger than 22 cubes and a dry-type guniting method is adopted for construction; vegetation concrete substrate is mixed by sand loam, cement, organic material, vegetation concrete ecological modifier, fertilizer, compound fertilizer and constitutes, and each component material of ratio preparation utilizes the mixer intensive mixing back for use, adds plant seed during the stirring of top layer substrate, and plant seed ratio is: after spray sowing, each square meter at least contains 2 g of bermuda grass seeds, 1 g of tall fescue seeds, 2 g of malachite grass seeds, 2 g of paspalum natatum seeds, 5 g of common floweringquince seeds, 3 g of lespedeza seeds, 2 g of sesbania seeds and 1 g of sophora juhuanensis seeds.

When the vegetation concrete substrate basal layer is sprayed and sown, whether the floating soil, the turf, the tree roots and other sundries on the rock slope surface are cleaned up is checked again before spraying and sowing, the rock slope surface spraying is carried out by using water after confirmation so as to promote the tight connection between the vegetation concrete substrate and the rock slope surface, and then a trial spraying test is carried out so as to adjust the water-cement ratio and then the spraying and sowing construction is carried out; the spraying protection thickness of the vegetation concrete base layer is 8-9 cm; when the injection operation starts, firstly supplying air, then starting up and then feeding, and when the injection is finished, closing the air after the injection material is completely injected; the vegetation concrete substrate base layer is sprayed to the designed thickness for one time, and in the spraying process, the distance between a nozzle and the rock slope surface is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 m, and the spray nozzle is perpendicular to the rock slope surface; in the slurry spraying, the output pressure of the spraying head is not less than 0.1 MPa; the spraying is carried out from top to bottom, the concave part is firstly sprayed, then the convex part is sprayed, and the spraying movement adopts S-shaped or spiral movement to advance.

The utility model discloses when the vegetation concrete substrate top layer is spouted and is broadcast, 3 ~ 4h carry out vegetation concrete substrate top layer spray-seeding after the construction of vegetation concrete substrate top layer, the spraying on vegetation concrete substrate top layer protects thickness and is 1 ~ 2cm, it once permeates water to spout on vegetation concrete substrate top layer before the protection on vegetation concrete substrate top layer, guarantee the bonding on vegetation concrete substrate base layer and vegetation concrete substrate top layer, vegetation concrete substrate top layer adopts closely to spout and broadcasts, in order to guarantee the homogeneity that plant seed was broadcast, vegetation concrete substrate top layer spray-seeding adopts top-down's mode to go on, monolithic width is spout according to 4 ~ 6 m.

In the sixth step of the utility model, the vertical slope, the negative slope and the smooth slope are supplemented and strengthened by the way of drilling plant-growing holes, hanging plant-growing rods, increasing the transplanting seedlings of vines and strengthening the maintenance; drilling vegetation holes, drilling a complete rock surface in the slope surface of the rock slope to prevent vegetation concrete from falling off on a smooth side slope and facilitate plant roots to penetrate into the rock, wherein the depth of the vegetation holes is 0.5m, the hole diameter of each drilling hole is 60mm, and the distance is 1.2 multiplied by 1.2 m; in order to ensure that moisture and nutrients of the vertical slope surface and the smooth side slope can be stored for a long time, the vegetation rod with the diameter of 8cm and the length of 1m is additionally arranged on the rock slope surface, and is arranged below the reinforcing steel bar net and firmly bound with the reinforcing steel bar net; increasing vine transplanting seedlings, dibbling kudzu seeds on the steep sliding surface and the upper part of the adverse slope, dibbling two kudzu seeds each time at an interval of 50 centimeters, transplanting the peruvian rockii seedlings on the lower part, and transplanting the car mulberry seedlings in a crack and a small platform to ensure that 1 seedling is planted per square; and (4) enhancing maintenance, namely properly encrypting the spray pipes under the conditions of a vertical slope, a negative slope and a smooth slope, and supplementing by manual watering maintenance to ensure that the slope keeps a wetting state all the time. In the seventh step, during maintenance, covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the vegetation concrete substrate within two days after the spray-seeding construction is finished; during the maintenance period, replanting is carried out on the slope with uneven local germination and no germination, and the cultivated plants are replaced in time or the seedlings without survival are replanted; in the maintenance, pathological analysis is carried out on the possible pests and diseases, and treatment measures are taken in a targeted manner; spraying and maintaining twice a day to ensure the wettability of the surface layer of the vegetation concrete base material and the survival rate of the seeds; the plant seeds germinate and are in a seedling stage, the maintenance watering sprinkling irrigation is assisted by the manual sprinkling, the vegetation concrete is kept in a wet state, the maintenance period is determined according to the growth condition of the slope plants, the seedling stage is 0-60 d, and after the maintenance management in the seedling stage is finished, the maintenance management in the growth stage of not less than 240d needs to be carried out.

The vegetation concrete is a habitat base material, and the composition proportion of cement, planting soil, organic materials, special additives, slow release fertilizers, mixed species and water is determined according to the slope geographical area, the slope ratio, the rock property, the ecological restoration requirement and the like. The vegetation concrete ecological restoration technology takes engineering reinforcement and ecological restoration into consideration, and the suspended net reinforced vegetation base material type concrete can play a remarkable role in ecological restoration of various complicated engineering wound surfaces. The addition of the cement in the base material enables the base material to have higher strength and stronger anti-scouring and adhesion capabilities; meanwhile, the addition of the ecological modifier can not only increase the cement dosage in the vegetation concrete base material, enhance the slope protection strength and the anti-scouring capability and prevent the vegetation concrete layer from cracking, but also effectively improve the chemical property and the biological property of the vegetation concrete and create a better plant growth environment; and the 'reinforcement anchoring' effect of the plant root system is added, so that the mechanical property of the base material is enhanced, and the long-term stability of the base material is facilitated. The vegetation concrete ecological restoration technology has remarkable shallow layer protection effect while restoring the natural ecological environment of the damaged wound surface, and has good engineering, ecological and landscape effects.

The utility model discloses the vegetation planting construction method of rock matter slope vegetation system when the construction, is under construction according to following flow.

1. And (5) slope treatment.

The slope surface renovation mainly cleans dangerous stones, weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches and the like on the existing side slope. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) removing the vegetation combination. The contact surface of the original side slope above the opening line of the slope surface is cleaned, the cleaning width is 1.0-1.5 m, underground rhizomes are unnecessarily dug based on the principle of eradicating plant branches on the original side slope, and the part is used as a transition part of engineering and the original slope surface, namely a vegetation combination part.

(2) The method is characterized in that weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches, pumice, and the like on the surface of the slope are manually removed, the thickness of surface-cleaning stones is about 10cm, and in the surface-cleaning process, in order to reduce danger caused by falling stones at high positions, a stone blocking plate is arranged on the outermost side of each level of the pavement.

(3) And (5) slope surface finishing treatment. And (3) for striking off the protruded easy-falling part with dangerous rocks, firstly drilling a hole on the protruded part along the slope surface by using an electric hammer or an air pick, and then striking off by using a hammer.

2. And measuring the paying-off.

According to the requirements of a design drawing, the anchor hole position is accurately measured and placed on the slope surface by using a total station, the hole position is drawn on the rock layer surface by applying paint after measurement, and the longitudinal and transverse errors of the hole position on the slope surface are not more than +/-50 mm.

3. And (5) constructing a reinforcement system.

(1) The drill is in place.

1) And selecting drilling equipment according to the geological condition of the anchoring section, the aperture and the depth of the anchor rod, the construction site condition and the like. Drilling a hole in the rock stratum by adopting a mountain-opening YV-20 jumbolter; when grouting in stratum with broken rock stratum, soft rock stratum, water saturation and the like which are easy to collapse holes and drill sticking and burying, pressure stabilization is needed for a certain time.

2) The anchor hole drilling construction needs to accurately install a fixed drilling machine according to the slope measuring and placing hole positions, strictly and carefully adjust the machine position, and check at any time in the drilling process.

(2) And (6) drilling and cleaning.

1) The drilling mode is as follows: and an included angle of 100 degrees is formed between the anchor rod and the rock surface during drilling, so that the engineering geological condition of a side slope rock body is not deteriorated during anchor rod construction, and the bonding performance of a hole wall is ensured.

2) Drilling: the drilling speed is strictly controlled according to the performance of the drilling machine and the anchoring stratum, and the drilling hole is prevented from being twisted and reduced, so that the anchoring difficulty or other accidents are avoided. In the drilling process, on-site construction records are made on stratum change, drilling state (bit pressure and drilling rate), underground water and some special conditions of each hole. If the drilling is not performed well, the drilling is stopped immediately, the wall-fixing grouting treatment is performed in time (the grouting pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa), and after the cement mortar is initially set, the hole is swept again for drilling.

3) Pore diameter and pore depth: in order to ensure the diameter of the anchor rod hole, the diameter of the drill bit which is actually used is required to be slightly larger than the designed hole diameter; to ensure the bolt hole depth, it is required that the actual drilling depth is allowed to deviate by ± 50 mm.

4) Cleaning anchor holes: and after the drilling reaches the designed depth, the drilling can not be stopped immediately, the stable drilling is required for 1-2 minutes, and the sharp surface of the bottom of the hole can be prevented from failing to reach the designed aperture. The wall of the drilled hole is not required to be provided with sediment and water body viscosity, the drilled hole is required to be cleaned, and after the drilling is finished, high-pressure air (wind pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa) is used for completely removing rock powder and water bodies in the drilled hole out of the drilled hole, so that the bonding strength of cement mortar and rock-soil bodies on the wall of the drilled hole is prevented from being reduced. Except for the relatively hard and complete rock anchoring, high-pressure water washing is not required. If the pressure-bearing water flows out of the anchor hole, the anchor bar and the grouting can be arranged below the anchor hole after the water pressure and the water quantity are reduced, and if necessary, the appropriate position around the anchor hole is provided with a drain hole for treatment. If the design requires to treat the accumulated water in the anchor hole, the method of grouting, plugging, secondary drilling and the like is generally adopted for treatment.

(3) And (5) testing the anchor hole.

After the anchor rod hole is drilled, the next procedure can be carried out after the anchor rod hole is qualified through field supervision and inspection. The hole diameter and the hole depth are generally inspected under the condition that the designed hole diameter, the drill bit and a standard drill rod are used for inspecting the hole under the site supervision and other stations, the drill bit is required to be smoothly pushed in the hole inspection process, impact or shaking is not generated, the inspection length of the drilling tool meets the designed hole depth of the anchor rod, the drill withdrawal requirement is smooth, and the phenomena of dust and slag splashing and water are not obviously detected by blowing high-pressure air. Meanwhile, the hole position, the inclination angle and the direction of the anchor hole are required to be rechecked, and the anchor hole can be considered to be qualified after all anchor hole construction project work is qualified.

(4) And (5) manufacturing an anchor rod body.

The blanking of the anchor rod is carried out according to the design requirement, the blanking is carried out according to the design length strictly, and the reinforcing steel bar is cut off by a cutting machine. Storing the processed anchor rod body in a finished product stacking area of the steel bar shed; the length deviation of the reinforcing steel bars is not more than 20 mm. The corrosion prevention of the tail end of the anchor rod is treated by adopting corrosion prevention measures such as paint brushing, oil coating and the like. The anchor rod end should be welded with the reinforcing bar, if interfere with each other, can locally adjust the interval of reinforcing bar, stirrup.

(5) And (5) installing an anchor rod body.

Before the anchor rod is placed into the drilled hole, a supervision engineer is required to check the processing quality of the anchor rod, and the plane position, the aperture, the depth, the drilling inclination angle and the horizontal direction angle of the anchor rod hole are detected to be qualified, the anchor rod can be placed into the drilled hole, the twisting and bending of the inserted body are avoided when the anchor rod is inserted, the depth of the inserted body in the hole is not less than 95% of the length of the anchor rod, and the inserted body is not too deep so as not to expose the length to be insufficient. If the design depth is not reached, the hole should be re-drilled. After the anchor rod is installed, the anchor rod cannot be knocked randomly. Before the installation, it is straight to ensure every reinforcing bar, and rust cleaning, degreasing, carefully check anchor eye serial number again before the installation stock body, confirm again that the accurate back is the hole that blows with high-pressure wind, and the manual work is slowly put into downtheholely with the stock body, and steel ruler measures out the steel pole length that the hole exposes, calculates downthehole stock length, ensures anchor length. When the anchor rod body is inserted, the grouting pipe and the rod body are simultaneously placed at the bottom of a drill hole, the rod body is immediately inserted after hole washing is required under the general condition, and one surface of the anchor rod support is downward when the anchor rod body is inserted.

(6) And (6) grouting.

1) Grouting materials:

cement: the Portland cement and the ordinary Portland cement are selected according to the national standard (GB175-2007), the ordinary Portland cement which is in accordance with the national standard is preferably selected, and the ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade not lower than 42.5 is adopted as the cement mortar.

Sand: medium and fine sand with the maximum grain diameter less than 2.5mm is adopted.

③ water: the water quality of the mixed mortar should meet the provisions of the relevant provisions of the Hydraulic concrete construction Specifications.

2) The mixing proportion of the grouting cement mortar is as follows: 0.36: 1: 1.2.

3) the grouting material must be sampled and detected in a laboratory, and can be used after being qualified.

4) And grouting once by adopting a hole bottom grout returning method. Grouting operation is started from the hole bottom, cement paste is pressed into the pull rod pipe through the rubber pipe by a grouting pump, then the cement paste is injected into the anchor hole through the end of the pull rod pipe, and the pipe end is kept 50mm higher than the hole bottom. The perfusion pressure is generally about 0.4 MPa. Along with the pouring of cement paste or mortar, the grouting pipe is gradually pulled out to the orifice, and the pipe orifice is ensured to be always buried in the mortar in the pipe pulling process. The pressure should not be too high to avoid blowing off the slurry or mortar. When the slurry flows back to the orifice, it is pounded into the orifice by cement bag paper, then the orifice is sealed by wet clay, and then it is tamped tightly, and then it is filled under the pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa, and the pressure stabilization is completed in several minutes.

5) And after grouting, cleaning the grouting pipe, the grouting gun and the grouting sleeve, and simultaneously making a grouting record.

(7) A galvanized protective net is hung.

Laying 14# wire netting on the domatic after clearance, the repairment, wire netting and domatic interval are not less than 6cm to should follow domatic smooth-going crooked, need support or control the distance of wire netting and rock face with U type nail, the overlap joint length of wire netting and wire netting is not less than 10cm, and the ligature is firm, and the stock that exposes the part should be firm with the wire netting ligature, and it tramples at will strictly to tie up on the wire netting after the construction is accomplished.

(8) And laying a reinforcing mesh.

And (3) arranging reinforcing steel bar meshes of phi 6 and 200 x 200 on the wire mesh, laying the reinforcing steel bar meshes along with the fluctuation of the foundation rock surface, and welding and fixing the reinforcing steel bar meshes with the exposed anchor rods.

4. And (5) installing a spraying system.

Determining the water source of the entering field, laying a phi 25PVC main pipe along the packway and the top of the slope, and firmly laying a phi 10PVC branch pipe and a rotary plastic nozzle along the slope to form a spray irrigation network system. All pipelines are at least 13cm higher than the rock surface of a slope body, the pipelines cannot be covered thinly when being sprayed, the spray heads need to be firmly fixed on the slope surface, the spacing between the branch pipes is temporarily 5m, the coverage rate of the spray irrigation system is ensured to be 95%, and the atomization degree is moderate. And repeatedly spraying the parts which do not meet the requirements until the conditions are met.

5. And (5) carrying out vegetation concrete spraying construction.

Finishing slope surface treatment, net hanging and anchor rod arrangement, preparing vegetation concrete base material components and preparing, and then carrying out vegetation concrete base material spray planting construction. The equipment for spraying is a common concrete sprayer, and the spraying is carried out by dividing a base layer and a surface layer respectively. Spraying protection is carried out from top to bottom on the slope, the width of the spraying protection sheet is 4-6 meters and the height is 3-5 meters at each time after the base layer and the surface layer are sprayed. The spray seeding is carried out by using an air compressor with the volume larger than 22 cubes for air supply and adopting a dry-type guniting method for construction.

(1) The vegetation concrete ecological base material is formed by mixing sandy loam, cement, organic materials, a vegetation concrete ecological modifier, an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and comprises the following components:

1) planting soil: the sandy loam and the planting soil are preferably selected, the sand content is within 20 percent, the sandy loam and the planting soil are aired, the water content is within 15 percent, the size of a screen is not more than 20mm multiplied by 20mm, raw materials stored on site, the soil and the screened soil are covered in time, and open-air storage is avoided.

2) Cement: p.o42.5 portland cement.

3) Organic materials: rice hull and distiller's grains.

4) An ecological modifier for improving intelligence of vegetation concrete.

5) Plant seeds (according to the ratio table, leakage finding and lack filling).

6) The vegetation concrete base material is prepared from a base layer and a surface layer according to different proportions, wherein the proportions are shown in a table 1:

TABLE 1 formulation table for vegetation concrete base material

7) Preparing the component materials according to the proportion, and fully stirring the components by using a stirrer for later use. Adding plant seeds according to the design requirement when stirring the surface basal layer.

8) The plant seed formulation is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 plant mixing ratio g/m ²

(2) And (5) spraying the base layer.

1) The method comprises the following steps: before guniting, whether the floating soil, the turf, tree roots and other sundries on the slope surface are cleaned up is checked again, after confirmation, the slope surface is sprayed with water to promote the tight connection between the vegetation concrete base material and the base surface, then a test spraying test is carried out to adjust the water-cement ratio, and then guniting construction is carried out; the spraying protection thickness of the base layer is 8-9 cm; when the injection operation is started, air is firstly supplied, then the machine is started, and then the material is fed, and when the injection is finished, the air is closed after the injection material is completely injected.

2) And (3) control measures: the base vegetation concrete can be sprayed to the designed thickness at one time without layered spraying; in the spraying process, the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 m, the nozzle is generally perpendicular to the slope surface, and the maximum inclination angle cannot exceed 10 degrees; in the slurry spraying, the output pressure of the spraying head is not less than 0.1 MPa; spraying from top to bottom, namely spraying the concave part and then spraying the convex part; the jet movement advances in an "S" or helical movement.

(3) Spraying and planting the surface layer.

Performing surface layer spraying protection within 8 hours after the base layer construction is finished, and generally controlling the time to be 3-4 hours; the spraying protection thickness of the surface layer is 1-2 cm; spraying water on the slope surface once before spraying and protecting the surface layer to ensure the adhesion of the base layer and the surface layer; spraying seeding is carried out in a close distance so as to ensure the seeding uniformity of grass seeds; the spray seeding is carried out in a top-down mode, and the width of each block is controlled according to 4-6 m.

6. And (4) specially treating the slope surface.

Through observation, perpendicular domatic, burden domatic and smooth surface domatic vegetation situation is not good, and the survival rate is low, and the unable antigravity of plant grows, and water retentivity is extremely poor, can't keep moisture and nutrient for the vegetation. Aiming at the problem, the modes of drilling plant growing holes, hanging plant growing rods, increasing the transplanting seedlings of vines and enhancing the maintenance are formulated for supplementary and reinforced treatment.

(1) And (5) drilling plant growing holes.

In order to prevent vegetation concrete from falling off on a smooth side slope and facilitate the plant roots to go deep into rocks, holes are drilled on the complete rock surface, the depth of the holes into the rocks is 0.5m, the hole diameter of each hole is 60mm, and the distance between the holes is 1.2 multiplied by 1.2 m.

(2) The plant growing rod is hung.

In order to ensure that moisture and nutrients of a slope surface and a smooth side slope can be stored for a long time, the slope surface is additionally provided with plant growing rods with the diameter of 8cm and the length of 1m, and the plant growing rods are arranged below the reinforcing steel bar net and are firmly bound with the reinforcing steel bar net. The plant growing rod fit ratio is shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 plant growing stick proportioning table

Planting soil (m) 3 )	Organic materials (m) 3 )	Organic matter (kg)	Compound fertilizer (kg)
				13	5	303	9

(3) And (3) increasing vine transplanting seedlings: and (3) dibbling kudzu seeds on the steep slide surface and the upper part of the adverse slope, dibbling two kudzu seeds each time at an interval of 50 centimeters, transplanting the parthenocissus tricuspidata seedlings at the lower part, and transplanting the car mulberry seedlings at a crack and a small platform to ensure that 1 plant is planted per square.

(4) And (5) strengthening and maintaining.

Under the slope conditions, the spray pipes are properly encrypted, and manual watering maintenance is supplemented to ensure that the slope is kept in a wet state all the time.

7. And (5) maintaining.

(1) And covering a non-woven fabric on the surface of the base material within two days after the spray seeding construction is finished. The device has the advantages of playing the roles of moisturizing and controlling temperature, improving the sprouting speed of the plant seeds, preventing the plant seeds from being blown away by wind and pecked by birds, and improving the sprouting rate and the survival rate of the plant seeds.

(2) During the maintenance period, the sprouting uniformity and the sprouting rate of the plant seeds are also required to be noticed, the local sprouting unevenness and the slope surface without sprouting are subjected to replanting, the survival rate of the cultivated plants is monitored, and the nursery stocks without survival are replaced or replanting in time.

(3) During maintenance, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of the nursery stock needs to be prevented and controlled, pathological analysis is carried out on the possible plant diseases and insect pests, and treatment measures are taken in a targeted manner.

(4) The spraying maintenance is ensured twice a day to ensure the wettability of the sprayed layer and the survival rate of the seeds.

(5) And in the seed germination and seedling stage, the main manual spraying is assisted by the maintenance watering and sprinkling irrigation to keep the vegetation concrete in a wet state, the maintenance period is determined according to the growth condition of the slope plants, and the seedling stage is 0-60 d. After the seedling-stage maintenance management is finished, the growing-stage maintenance management of not less than 240 days should be carried out. In special cases, the growth and maintenance management period can be properly prolonged to be 61-365 days.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the technical solutions, and certainly not to limit the scope of the present invention; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; that is, the technical problems solved by the present invention are still consistent with the present invention, and all the modifications or colors made in the spirit and the idea of the main design of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention; in addition, will the technical scheme of the utility model direct or indirect application is in other relevant technical field, all including on the same reason the utility model discloses an in the patent protection scope.

Claims (10)

1. The rock slope vegetation system is characterized by comprising a wire mesh (2) paved on the surface layer of a rock slope (1), a steel mesh (3) installed on the surface layer of the rock slope (1) and positioned above the wire mesh (2), a vegetation concrete substrate base layer (4) sprayed on the surface layer of the rock slope (1), a vegetation concrete substrate surface layer (5) sprayed on the vegetation concrete substrate base layer (4), and a vegetation layer (6) rooted in the vegetation concrete substrate base layer (4) and covered on the outer surface of the vegetation concrete substrate surface layer (5); the iron wire net (2) and the reinforcing steel bar net (3) are positioned in the vegetation concrete substrate base layer (4).

2. The rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of anchor rods (7) anchored in the rocky slope (1), wherein the reinforcing mesh (3) and the anchor rods (7) are welded and fixed, and the wire mesh (2) is bound and fixed with the anchor rods (7) through binding wires.

3. The rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 2, wherein the anchor rods (7) are distributed at an included angle of 100 degrees with the surface of the rocky slope (1).

4. The rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 2, wherein the anchor rods (7) are distributed in multiple horizontal line layers, the anchor rods (7) on the same horizontal line layer are distributed at equal intervals, the anchor rods (7) on adjacent horizontal line layers are distributed in a staggered mode, and the distance between the horizontal line layers is the same.

5. The rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 2, wherein an anchor hole matched with the anchor rod (7) is drilled in the rocky slope (1), the anchor rod (7) penetrates through the anchor hole and is anchored through concrete, and the length of the anchor rod (7) exposed out of the anchor hole is 4-5% of the total length of the anchor rod.

6. A rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 1 wherein the wire mesh (2) is 14# galvanized wire mesh and the wire mesh (2) has a mesh size of 5 x 5 cm.

7. The rock slope vegetation system of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing mesh (3) is welded by using phi 6 reinforcing steel bars, and the mesh of the reinforcing mesh (3) is 200 x 200 cm.

8. A rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 1 wherein the spacing between the reinforcing mesh (3) and the wire mesh (2) is 5 cm.

9. A rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 1 wherein the vegetation concrete substrate (4) is 8cm thick.

10. A rocky slope vegetation system according to claim 1 wherein the thickness of the vegetation concrete substrate surface (5) is 2 cm.

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