CN111851531B - High and steep rock slope ecological restoration system and method - Google Patents
High and steep rock slope ecological restoration system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111851531B CN111851531B CN202010688660.9A CN202010688660A CN111851531B CN 111851531 B CN111851531 B CN 111851531B CN 202010688660 A CN202010688660 A CN 202010688660A CN 111851531 B CN111851531 B CN 111851531B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration system and method for a high and steep rock slope, wherein the system comprises a concrete layer, a first protection net layer, a mixed material base layer, a vegetation soil layer, a second protection net layer and a vegetation bag layer; the concrete layer is directly sprayed on the surface of the high and steep rock slope, the first protection net layer is fixed on the upper surface of the concrete layer, the mixed material base layer is sprayed on the first protection net layer to form a whole, the vegetation soil layer is sprayed on the mixed material base layer, the second protection net layer is fixedly planted on the upper surface of the vegetation soil layer, the vegetation bag layer is fixedly arranged on the second protection layer, the plant culture medium is placed in the vegetation bag, and plant seedlings cultured in advance are arranged in the plant culture medium. The invention also discloses a method based on the high and steep rock slope ecological restoration system. The invention has the beneficial effects that: structural design is reasonable, and stability and durability are high, and the plant survival rate is high, and the basic unit is more suitable vegetation, and the rock slope restoration afforestation effect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of greening protection of high and steep rock slopes, in particular to an ecological restoration system and method for the high and steep rock slopes.
Background
High and steep rock slopes are common slopes in engineering activities, and a few high and steep rock slopes are formed due to natural factors such as crustal movement. The slope of the high and steep rock has large gradient, the vegetation can not be recovered naturally, and the self water retention, fertilizer retention and soil fixation capacities of the slope are very low, so that the vegetation self-recovery of the slope is long in period and poor in effect.
The existing treatment measures for the high and steep rock slope mainly comprise the technologies of a thick-layer base material greening method, concrete spraying, an SNS flexible protection system, an anchor rod, retaining wall protection, a grouted block stone and block stone facing wall and the like. However, none of these techniques can meet the requirements for slope ecological restoration. At present, the vegetation concrete protection technology is applied more and more in the ecological management process of the high and steep rock slope, but the problems of slow vegetation growth, low survival rate and low resistance of vegetation in the initial growth stage exist in the prior art, and the vegetation protection force is weak, so that the greening effect of the high and steep rock slope is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an ecological restoration system for a high and steep rock slope, comprising:
the concrete layer is directly sprayed on the surface of the high-steep rock slope;
the first protective net layer is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the concrete layer through anchor rods and steel wire ropes;
the mixed material base layer is sprayed on the first protective net layer, and the first protective net layer and the mixed material base layer form a whole;
a vegetation soil layer sprayed on the mixed material base layer;
the second protective net layer is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation soil layer through the anchor rod and the steel wire rope;
plant and give birth to the bag layer, it is fixed to be set up on the second inoxidizing coating, plant and give birth to the bag layer and include a plurality of plant and give birth to the bag that crisscross set up, place the plant culture medium in the plant and give birth to the bag, there is the plant seedling of cultivateing in advance in the plant culture medium.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concrete layer comprises sand soil and cement, wherein the sand soil accounts for 80-85%, and the cement accounts for 15-20%, and the proportion is mass ratio.
As a further improvement of the invention, the first protective net layer and the second protective net layer are both made of galvanized iron wire net sheets.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mixed material base layer comprises planting soil, cement and an additive, wherein the content of the planting soil is 80-90%, the content of the cement is 8-12%, and the content of the additive is 2-5%, and the above proportions are mass ratios.
As a further improvement of the invention, the additives comprise a compound fertilizer, a water-retaining agent and a greening additive, wherein the content of the compound fertilizer accounts for 0.5-1% of the total mass of the mixed material, the content of the water-retaining agent accounts for 0.07-0.12% of the total mass of the mixed material, and the content of the greening additive accounts for 0.8-1.5% of the total mass of the mixed material.
As a further improvement of the invention, the vegetation soil layer comprises soil, organic matter (chaff, wood chips, organic fertilizer, peat) and soil ecological binder. The soil content is 80-87%, the organic matter content is 8-12%, and the soil ecological adhesive content is 5-8%, wherein the mass ratio is.
As a further improvement of the invention, the plant growth bag layer comprises a plurality of strip plant growth bags, the plurality of strip plant growth bags are sequentially spliced to cover the whole slope surface to be repaired, each strip plant growth bag is formed by sewing two layers of three-dimensional nets, a plurality of staggered cavities are formed between the two layers of three-dimensional nets, the cavities are opened towards the upper oblique direction, the openings of the cavities are positioned on the side surfaces of the strip plant growth bags, and the plant culture medium is placed in the cavities.
As a further improvement of the invention, the plant culture medium comprises soil, mushroom dregs, straws, animal wastes, a water-retaining agent, vermiculite, an adhesive and a fertilizer, wherein the soil accounts for 55-65% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the mushroom dregs account for 10-15% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the straws account for 5-10% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the animal wastes account for 15-20% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the water-retaining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the vermiculite accounts for 2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the adhesive accounts for 0.15-0.2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, and the fertilizer accounts for 0.3% of the total volume of the plant culture medium.
As a further improvement of the invention, the system further comprises an irrigation pipe network, wherein the irrigation pipe network comprises branch pipes and a main pipe, a plurality of branch pipes are communicated with one main pipe, the main pipe is communicated with the reservoir, the branch pipes are uniformly distributed in or below the plant growth bag layer, water outlet holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the plant culture medium, of the branch pipes, and the water outlet holes are located above the plant culture medium.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water supply pump of the irrigation pipe network adopts an electric control valve, the electric control valve is connected with a controller, a rock slope surface is provided with a humidity sensor, the humidity sensor is connected with the controller, the controller collects the data of the humidity sensor and outputs a control instruction to control the opening and closing degree of the electric control valve by analyzing the data of the humidity sensor, thereby realizing the automatic adjustment of the water supply amount of the irrigation pipe network. Generally, water supply increases in dry seasons and decreases in rainy seasons.
As a further improvement of the invention, after the plant growth bag layer is laid, the upper layer of the plant growth bag layer is covered with non-woven fabrics for preserving soil moisture, thereby promoting the growth of seedlings and the germination of seeds.
The invention also provides an ecological restoration method for the high and steep rock slope, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: tidying the slope surface, tidying and flattening the rock slope surface to be repaired, removing floating soil and dangerous stones, and cleaning the rock slope surface by using a high-pressure water gun;
step 2: fixing an anchor rod, drilling according to a design standard, inserting the anchor rod after primary hole forming, and fixing the anchor rod;
and step 3: spraying a concrete layer, and spraying concrete on the finished rock slope;
and 4, step 4: laying a first protective net layer, pulling a support rope on the anchor rod, and laying a net piece on the support rope to cover the whole rock slope surface to be repaired;
and 5: spraying a mixed material base layer, and spraying a mixed material on the paved first protective net layer;
step 6: spraying a vegetation soil layer, and spraying vegetation soil on the mixed material base layer;
and 7: laying a second protective net layer, pulling a support rope on the anchor rod, and laying a net piece on the support rope to cover the whole vegetation soil layer;
and 8: laying a plant growth bag layer, laying a plant growth bag on the second protective net layer, wherein the plant growth bag is paved on the whole slope surface of the rock to be repaired and is fixed with the second protective net layer, a plant culture medium is placed in the plant growth bag during laying, plants are planted in the plant culture medium in advance, and a gap between the second protective net layer and the plant growth bag layer is filled with culture soil.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 2, the length of the anchor rods is 0.5-1 m, the spacing between the anchor rods is 1-1.2 m, and the diameter of the anchor rods is 20 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 3, the thickness of the concrete layer is 2 cm-3 cm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 4, the mesh sheet of the first protective mesh layer is a galvanized wire mesh, and the mesh of the galvanized wire mesh is 6cm by 6 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 5, the thickness of the mixed material base layer is 8 cm-12 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 6, the thickness of the vegetation soil layer is 2 cm-4 cm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 7, the mesh sheet of the second protective mesh layer is a galvanized wire mesh, and the mesh openings of the galvanized wire mesh are 15cm by 15 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step 8, the plant growth bag layer is formed by splicing a plurality of strip plant growth bags in sequence to cover the whole slope to be repaired, and the size of each strip plant growth bag is 1m by 2 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the layered plant growth base layer and the plant growing bags which are obliquely arranged are more favorable for plant rooting, are more suitable for the growth of plants at different growth stages, and have high plant survival rate and good perennial condition; meanwhile, the structure design is reasonable, the stability and the durability are high, the strength and the anti-scouring capability are strong, the later maintenance is easy, the greening speed of the rock slope is high, the repairing effect is good, and the popularization and the practical value are good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological restoration system for a high and steep rock slope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plant biological bag of the ecological restoration system for a high and steep rock slope according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plant biological bag arrangement of the high and steep rock slope ecological restoration system according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
1. a concrete layer; 2. a first protective mesh layer; 3. a mixed material base layer; 4. planting a soil layer; 5. a second protective web layer; 6. a plant growth bag layer; 7. planting a biological bag; 8. an anchor rod; 9. and (5) irrigating a pipe network.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings.
the concrete layer 1 is directly sprayed on the surface of the high-steep rock slope; the concrete layer 1 comprises sand soil and cement, wherein the sand soil accounts for 80-85% of the total weight, the cement accounts for 15-20% of the total weight, the thickness of the concrete layer 1 is 2-3 cm, the cement is 425# cement, and the sand content of the sand soil is not more than 5%. The concrete layer 1 plays a role in protecting the steep rock slope and is used as a base layer of the system.
Optionally, the concrete layer 1 comprises 80% of sand soil and 20% of cement, and the thickness of the concrete layer 1 is 2 cm.
Optionally, the concrete layer 1 comprises 85% of sand soil and 15% of cement, and the thickness of the concrete layer 1 is 3 cm.
The optional proportion is only an optional mode in the embodiment 2 of the invention, and is not particularly limited, and the actual proportion can be determined according to the surrounding environment of the slope to be repaired.
The first protective net layer 2 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the concrete layer 1 through an anchor rod 8 and a steel wire rope; the first protective net layer 2 is a net surface formed by galvanized iron wire net sheets.
Optionally, the mesh of the galvanized iron wire net is 6cm by 6cm, and the mesh size is 2m by 2 m.
A mixed material base layer 3 sprayed on the first protective mesh layer 2, the first protective mesh layer 2 and the mixed material base layer 3 forming an integral body; the mixed material base layer 3 comprises planting soil, cement and additives, wherein the additives comprise a compound fertilizer, a water-retaining agent and a greening additive, the content of the planting soil is 80-90%, the content of the cement is 8-12%, the content of the additive is 2-5%, the content of the compound fertilizer accounts for 0.5-1% of the total mass of the mixed material, the content of the water-retaining agent accounts for 0.07-0.12% of the total mass of the mixed material, and the content of the greening additive accounts for 0.8-1.5% of the total mass of the mixed material. The thickness of the mixed material base layer 3 is 8 cm-12 cm. The 425# cement is adopted, the sand content of the planting soil is less than 10%, and the maximum grain size is not more than 1 cm. In addition, a proper amount of air can be filled into the mixed material, so that the porosity of the mixed material base layer 3 is increased, and the plant growth is facilitated.
Optionally, the mixed material base layer 3 comprises 80% of planting soil, 12% of cement, 5% of peat or engineering waste residues, 0.8% of compound fertilizer, 0.07% of water-retaining agent and 0.8% of greening additive, and the thickness of the mixed material base layer 3 is 8 cm.
Optionally, the mixed material base layer 3 comprises 85% of planting soil, 10% of cement, 3% of peat or engineering waste residues, 0.5% of compound fertilizer, 0.1% of water-retaining agent and 1.5% of greening additive, and the thickness of the mixed material base layer 3 is 10 cm.
Optionally, the mixed material base layer 3 comprises 90% of planting soil, 8% of cement, 1.0% of compound fertilizer, 0.07% of water-retaining agent and 1.0% of greening additive, and the thickness of the mixed material base layer 3 is 12 cm.
The optional proportion is only an optional mode in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and is not particularly limited, and the actual proportion can be determined according to the surrounding environment of the slope to be repaired.
First protection stratum reticulare 2 and mixed material foundation layer 3 constitute vegetation concrete as a whole, strengthen its concrete layer 1 and mixed material foundation layer 3 wholeness, prevent that mixed material foundation layer 3 from domatic droing. The material of the first protective mesh layer 2 is not particularly limited in the present invention.
A vegetation soil layer 4 sprayed on the mixed material base layer 3; the vegetation soil layer 4 includes soil, organic matter (chaff, wood chips, organic fertilizer, peat) and soil ecological binder. The soil content is 80-87%, the organic matter content is 8-12%, and the soil ecological adhesive content is 5-8%, wherein the mass ratio is. The thickness of the vegetation soil layer 4 is 2 cm-4 cm.
Optionally, the vegetation soil layer 4 comprises 80% of soil, 12% of organic matters (chaff, wood chips, organic fertilizer and peat) and 8% of soil ecological binder, and the thickness of the vegetation soil layer 4 is 4 cm.
Optionally, the vegetation soil layer 4 comprises 84% of soil, 10% of organic matters (chaff, wood chips, organic fertilizer and peat) and 6% of soil ecological binder, and the thickness of the vegetation soil layer 4 is 3 cm.
Optionally, the vegetation soil layer 4 comprises 87% of soil, 8% of organic matters (chaff, wood chips, organic fertilizer and peat) and 5% of soil ecological binder, and the thickness of the vegetation soil layer 4 is 2 cm.
The optional proportion is only an optional mode in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and is not particularly limited, and the actual proportion can be determined according to the surrounding environment of the slope to be repaired.
The second protective net layer 5 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation soil layer 4 through the anchor rod 8 and a steel wire rope; the net piece of the second protective net layer 5 is a galvanized wire net, and the meshes of the galvanized wire net are 15cm x 15 cm. The second protective net layer 5 plays a role in supporting and protecting the vegetation soil layer 4, so that the integrity of the system is enhanced, and the second protective net layer is used for hanging the vegetation bag layer 6. The material of the second protective mesh layer 5 is not particularly limited in the present invention.
Plant and grow bag layer 6, it is fixed to be set up on the second inoxidizing coating 5, plant and grow bag layer 6 includes a plurality of plant and grow bag 7 that crisscross set up, place the plant culture medium in the plant and grow bag 7, have the plant seedling of cultivateing in advance in the plant culture medium. Plant and give birth to the bag layer 6 and include many banding plant and give birth to the bag, and many banding plant and give birth to the bag 7 and splice in proper order and cover whole slope that treats the restoration, and every banding plant and give birth to bag 7 and form by two-layer three-dimensional net sewing, forms a plurality of staggered arrangement's cavity between two-layer three-dimensional net, the cavity is to oblique top opening, just the opening of cavity is located the side of banding plant and give birth to bag 7, the plant culture medium is placed in the cavity. Each strip-shaped plant growth bag 7 has a size of 1m by 2 m. As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of strip-shaped plant growth bags are paved on the whole slope of the rock to be repaired. By adopting the mode, during the later-period maintenance, the targeted measures can be taken for the local area, thereby being beneficial to the later-period maintenance. The cavity resembles a cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm. By adopting the structure, the downward permeation speed of water can be reduced, and the excessive concentration of water in the plant culture medium at the bottom due to gravity can be avoided. The culture medium is vertically placed to easily cause the deviation of the moisture content, so that the culture medium is compacted by water under the action of gravity, the permeability and the drainage of soil are reduced, and the plant production is inhibited. Adopt the mode of placing of tilting, compare in the mode of vertical placing usually, the moisture distribution in the plant culture medium is more even, also can not lead to unable effectual moisture of drawing because of the young plant root system undersize, more is favorable to the growth of plant. In addition, in order to reduce water evaporation, the side of the plant culture medium, which is in contact with the air, is wrapped by an evaporation-preventing material, such as non-woven fabric or degradable environment-friendly plastic.
The plant culture medium comprises soil, mushroom dregs, straws, animal wastes, a water-retaining agent, vermiculite, an adhesive and a fertilizer, wherein the soil accounts for 55-65% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the mushroom dregs account for 10-15% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the straws account for 5-10% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the animal wastes account for 15-20% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the water-retaining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the vermiculite accounts for 2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the adhesive accounts for 0.15-0.2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, and the fertilizer accounts for 0.3% of the total volume of the plant culture medium.
Optionally, the plant culture medium comprises 55% of soil, 15% of mushroom dregs, 10% of straws, 17% of animal manure, 0.2% of water-retaining agent, 2% of vermiculite, 0.15% of adhesive and 0.3% of fertilizer.
Optionally, the plant culture medium comprises 65% of soil, 12% of mushroom dregs, 5% of straws, 15% of animal manure, 0.15% of water-retaining agent, 2% of vermiculite, 0.2% of adhesive and 0.3% of fertilizer.
Optionally, the plant culture medium comprises 60% of soil, 10% of mushroom dregs, 7% of straws, 20% of animal manure, 0.1% of water-retaining agent, 2% of vermiculite, 0.2% of adhesive and 0.3% of fertilizer.
The optional proportion is only an optional mode in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and is not particularly limited, and the actual proportion can be determined according to the surrounding environment of the slope to be repaired.
The system is still including irrigating pipe network 9, irrigates pipe network 9 and includes lateral conduit and trunk line, many lateral conduit and one trunk line intercommunication, trunk line and cistern intercommunication, many lateral conduit even distribution are in the inside of plant living bag layer 6 or below (be close to the one side of plant living soil layer), and the position department that corresponds the plant culture medium on the lateral conduit sets up the apopore, and the apopore is located the top of plant culture medium. The working shaft of irrigation pipe network 9 adopts electric control valve, and electric control valve is connected with the controller, and the rock is domatic sets up humidity transducer, and humidity transducer is connected with the controller, and humidity transducer's data are gathered to the controller to through analysis humidity transducer's data output control command control electric control valve's switching degree, thereby realize the automatically regulated of irrigation pipe network 9 water supply. Generally, water supply increases in dry seasons and decreases in rainy seasons. Alternatively, a drip irrigation is used.
The plants in the plant growth bag layer 6 adopt a mode of combining shrubs and herbs, local species, common festuca arundinacea, ryegrass, alfalfa, bermuda grass and the like for herbs, common lespedeza virgata, acacia, amorpha fruticosa, magnolia multiflora, caragana koreana, rhus chinensis and the like for shrubs can be added according to the climate conditions of various regions. Wherein the plant growth bag 7 of shrubs is relatively large in size and the plant growth bag 7 of herbs is relatively small in size. The shrub adopts a pre-seedling mode, so that the survival rate can be increased. In addition, grass seeds can be sown in the vegetation soil layer 4. The method is not particularly limited to plant plants and can be determined according to the specific conditions of the slope to be repaired.
step 1: tidying the slope surface, tidying and flattening the rock slope surface to be repaired, removing floating soil and dangerous stones, and cleaning the rock slope surface by using a high-pressure water gun; and building a gutter and a drainage ditch while finishing.
Step 2: fixing an anchor rod 8, drilling according to a design standard, inserting the anchor rod 8 after primary hole forming, and fixing the anchor rod 8;
and step 3: spraying a concrete layer 1, and spraying concrete on the finished rock slope;
and 4, step 4: laying a first protective net layer 2, pulling a support rope on an anchor rod 8, and laying a net piece on the support rope to cover the whole rock slope surface to be repaired;
and 5: spraying a mixed material base layer 3, and spraying a mixed material on the paved first protective net layer 2;
step 6: spraying a vegetation soil layer 4, and spraying vegetation soil on the mixed material base layer 3;
and 7: laying a second protective net layer 5, pulling a support rope on the anchor rod 8, and laying a net piece on the support rope to cover the whole vegetation soil layer 4;
and 8: laying a plant growth bag layer 6, laying a plant growth bag 7 on the second protection net layer 5, wherein the plant growth bag 7 is paved on the whole slope of the rock to be repaired and is fixed with the second protection net layer 5, placing a plant culture medium in the plant growth bag 7 while laying, planting plants in the plant culture medium in advance, and filling a gap between the second protection net layer 5 and the plant growth bag layer 6 with culture soil.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the step 2, the length of the anchor rods 8 is 0.5-1 m, the distance between the anchor rods 8 is 1-1.2 m, the diameter of the anchor rods 8 is 20mm, and the included angle between the anchor rods 8 and the rock slope surface is 10-15 degrees.
In the step 3, in the concrete, the sand soil accounts for 80-85% of the total weight, and the cement accounts for 15-20% of the total weight; the thickness of the concrete layer 1 is 2 cm-3 cm.
In the step 4, the net sheet of the first protective net layer 2 is a galvanized wire net, and the meshes of the galvanized wire net are 6cm by 6 cm.
In the step 5, the mixed material contains 80-90% of planting soil, 8-12% of cement, 2-5% of additive, 0.5-1% of compound fertilizer, 0.07-0.12% of water-retaining agent and 0.8-1.5% of greening additive; the thickness of the mixed material base layer 3 is 8 cm-12 cm.
In the step 6, the content of soil, organic matters and ecological adhesives in the planting soil is 80% -87%, 8% -12% and 5% -8%; the thickness of the vegetation soil layer 4 is 2 cm-4 cm.
In step 7, the net sheet of the second protective net layer 5 is a galvanized wire net, and the meshes of the galvanized wire net are 15cm by 15 cm.
In step 8, the plant-growing bag layer 6 is formed by splicing a plurality of strip-shaped plant-growing bags in sequence to cover the whole slope surface to be repaired, and the size of each strip-shaped plant-growing bag is 1m × 2 m. Plant and give birth to bag layer 6 and include many banding plant and give birth to the bag, many banding plant and give birth to the bag and splice in proper order and cover whole domatic waiting to restore, every banding plant and give birth to the bag and sew up by two-layer three-dimensional net and form a plurality of staggered arrangement's cavity between two-layer three-dimensional net, the cavity is to the oblique top opening, and the opening of cavity is located the side of banding plant and give birth to the bag, and the plant culture medium is placed in the cavity. The plant culture medium comprises soil, mushroom dregs, straws, animal wastes, a water-retaining agent, vermiculite, an adhesive and a fertilizer, wherein the soil accounts for 45% -55% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the mushroom dregs account for 10% -15% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the straws account for 5% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the animal wastes account for 15% -25% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the water-retaining agent accounts for 0.1% -0.2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the vermiculite accounts for 2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, the adhesive accounts for 0.15% -0.2% of the total volume of the plant culture medium, and the fertilizer accounts for 0.3% of the total volume of the plant culture medium. Plants are planted in the plant culture medium in advance.
The method further comprises the step of laying an irrigation pipe network 9, wherein a main pipeline of the irrigation pipe network is communicated with the reservoir, a plurality of branch pipelines of the irrigation pipe network are uniformly distributed inside or below the plant growth bag layer 6 (close to one side of the plant growth soil layer), water outlet holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the plant culture medium, of the branch pipelines, and the water outlet holes are located above the plant culture medium. Optionally, the irrigation pipe network adopts a drip irrigation tape and is matched with a drip irrigation water pump for use.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological restoration system for a high and steep rock slope, which is characterized by comprising:
the concrete layer (1) is directly sprayed on the surface of the high and steep rock slope;
the first protective net layer (2) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the concrete layer (1) through an anchor rod (8) and a steel wire rope;
a mixed material base layer (3) sprayed on the first protective mesh layer (2), wherein the first protective mesh layer (2) and the mixed material base layer (3) form a whole;
a vegetation soil layer (4) sprayed on the mixed material base layer (3);
the second protective net layer (5) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation soil layer (4) through the anchor rod (8) and the steel wire rope;
plant and give birth to bag layer (6), it is fixed to be set up on second inoxidizing coating (5), plant and give birth to bag layer (6) including many banding plant and give birth to bag (7), and many banding plant and give birth to bag (7) splice in proper order and cover whole domatic waiting to restore, and every banding plant and give birth to bag (7) and sew up by two-layer three-dimensional net and form a plurality of staggered arrangement's cavity between the two-layer three-dimensional net, the cavity is to oblique top opening, just the opening of cavity is located the side of banding plant and give birth to bag (7), the plant culture medium is placed in the cavity, there is the plant seedling of cultivateing in advance in the plant culture medium.
2. The high steep rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete layer (1) comprises sand soil and cement.
3. The ecological restoration system for the high and steep rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that the first protective mesh layer (2) and the second protective mesh layer (5) are both made of galvanized iron mesh sheets.
4. The high steep rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein the mixed material foundation layer (3) comprises planting soil, cement and additives.
5. The high steep rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 4, wherein the additives comprise a compound fertilizer, a water retention agent and a greening additive.
6. The high steep rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation soil layer (4) comprises soil, organic matter and soil ecological binder.
7. The ecological restoration system for high and steep rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant culture medium comprises soil, mushroom dregs, straw, animal waste, water-retaining agent, vermiculite, adhesive and fertilizer.
8. The ecological restoration system for the high and steep rock slope according to claim 1, further comprising an irrigation pipe network (9), wherein the irrigation pipe network (9) comprises branch pipes and a main pipe, a plurality of branch pipes are communicated with one main pipe, the main pipe is communicated with a reservoir, the plurality of branch pipes are uniformly distributed in or under the plant growth bag layer (6), and water outlet holes are formed in the branch pipes at positions corresponding to the plant culture medium and located above the plant culture medium.
9. The ecological restoration method for the high and steep rock slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: tidying the slope surface, tidying and flattening the rock slope surface to be repaired, removing floating soil and dangerous stones, and cleaning the rock slope surface by using a high-pressure water gun;
step 2: fixing an anchor rod (8), drilling according to a design standard, inserting the anchor rod (8) after primary hole forming, and fixing the anchor rod (8);
and step 3: spraying a concrete layer (1), and spraying concrete on the finished rock slope;
and 4, step 4: laying a first protective net layer (2), pulling a support rope on an anchor rod (8), and laying a net piece on the support rope to cover the whole rock slope surface to be repaired;
and 5: spraying a mixed material base layer (3), and spraying a mixed material on the paved first protective net layer (2);
step 6: spraying a planting soil layer (4), and spraying planting soil on the mixed material base layer (3);
and 7: laying a second protective net layer (5), pulling a support rope on the anchor rod (8), and laying a net on the support rope to cover the whole vegetation soil layer (4);
and 8: laying a plant growth bag layer (6), laying a plurality of strip-shaped plant growth bags (7) on the second protective net layer (5), sequentially splicing the plurality of strip-shaped plant growth bags (7) to cover the whole slope surface to be repaired and fixing the plant growth bags with the second protective net layer (5), sewing each strip-shaped plant growth bag (7) by two layers of three-dimensional nets, forming a plurality of cavities which are arranged in a staggered mode between the two layers of three-dimensional nets, wherein the cavities are opened towards the oblique upper side, and the openings of the cavities are positioned on the side faces of the strip-shaped plant growth bags (7); when the plant growth bag is laid, a plant culture medium is placed in the plant growth bag (7), plants are planted in the plant culture medium in advance, and a gap between the second protective net layer (5) and the plant growth bag layer (6) is filled with culture soil.
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| CN113585298A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 辽宁四季环境治理工程有限公司 | Collapse prevention and control device and method suitable for side slope dangerous rock mass |
| CN115324080A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-11 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司建设分公司 | Multifunctional intelligent open-air rock type slope repairing system |
| CN115652967A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-01-31 | 北方工程设计研究院有限公司 | Water and soil conservation ecological restoration system and method for steep slope |
| CN116876541B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-02-02 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Ecological restoration system and method or structural device for mine high-steep rock slope |
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| KR20100081687A (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2010-07-15 | 이웅재 | Bio-block production method on construction site |
| JP3167684U (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-05-12 | 宇順 張 | Slope reinforced greening structure |
| CN203755318U (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-08-06 | 北京山地生态科技研究所 | Ecological protective side slope |
| CN107574828B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2020-08-11 | 深圳市东华园林股份有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for slope with irregular high and steep rocky slope and application |
| CN207995718U (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-10-23 | 西藏俊富环境恢复有限公司 | A kind of fish scale ecology bag |
| CN208293586U (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-12-28 | 广东心耕生态环境工程有限公司 | A kind of flexible ecological protection slope natural cycle system |
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