CN215308926U - 一种避光动静脉穿刺器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种避光动静脉穿刺器，它包括穿刺针保护套、针柄、止流夹和接头保护帽，特征是还包括避光软管、均由避光材料制成的穿刺针针管和内圆锥接头，其中：避光软管由三层构成，外层为防脱落层，中间层为避光层，内层为透明层。本实用新型具有如下优点：1、中间层的避光波长范围值为250至550nm，穿刺针针管、内圆锥接头均由避光材料制成，血液流经动静脉穿刺器时，波长范围值为250至550nm的光被遮避，避免血液中的光敏感物质和光敏药物经光照射，发生光化学反应从而对人体造成损伤；避免光对血细胞的损伤，又可透过部分可见光，以便治疗中的观察；2、外层避免了医护人员与避光剂接触，避免了避光剂对环境的污染。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及医疗器械，尤其是涉及一种避光动静脉穿刺器。
背景技术
血液透析是急慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾脏替代治疗方式之一。它需将体内血液引流至体外进行治疗，以清除体内的代谢废物、维持电解质和酸碱平衡；同时清除体内过多的水分。动静脉穿刺器是一种血液透析治疗中，用于连接血管通路的器械，其软管和内圆锥接头均为透明材料制作，这使得透析治疗时血液接受到非生理性的光的照射。
血液中有许多光敏感物质，如胆红素、甲钴胺等。胆红素是一种内源性的强抗氧化剂，具有强大的抗氧化应激、清除自由基、减轻氧损伤、抑制脂质过氧化作用，并可在应激情况下对动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、炎症性疾病、肿瘤、肾病等起保护作用。胆红素是重要的光受体，吸收光后可发生光化学反应，由脂溶性胆红素转化为水溶性胆红素异构体，且其生理功能发生重大变化，易溶于水，易于排出体外。血液透析治疗对水溶性物质有强大的清除能力，脂溶性胆红素转化为水溶性胆红素异构体后，易被透析治疗清除，降低血液胆红素水平。
一些药物（如硝普钠注射液、甲钴胺注射液、硝酸甘油注射液、水溶性维生素注射液、氧氟沙星注射液等）见光后容易分解，不仅降低了药物的活性，严重影响药物的疗效，而且增加了药物的毒性，严重者甚至危及生命。透析患者有可能使用一些光敏药物，其血液中有一定的药物浓度，这使得透析治疗时血液中的光敏感物质和光敏药物可以吸收光线，从而发生光化学反应，对患者造成不良影响。
波长为200-300nm,特别是265-266nm的紫外线有很强的杀伤作用，可使经紫外线辐射的细胞损伤、调亡。核黄素又称维生素B2，是人体血液中含有的一种光敏性水溶性维生素，在可见光或紫外线激发下的核黄素光化学作用可抑制淋巴细胞增殖，使淋巴细胞在形态和功能上都失去增殖特征，导致淋巴细胞死亡。尿毒症透析患者免疫功能低下，与淋巴细胞寿命缩短，总数减少，淋巴细胞的转化受到抑制有关。透析治疗中血液在透明的医疗器械中进行体外循环，受到可见光和紫外线照射，必然加重淋巴细胞的损伤。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种能够有效避免光照射、结构合理、组成简单、性能安全可靠的避光动静脉穿刺器。
本实用新型的目的是这样实现的：
一种避光动静脉穿刺器，包括穿刺针保护套、针柄、止流夹和接头保护帽，特征是：还包括避光软管、均由避光材料制成的穿刺针针管和内圆锥接头，其中：避光软管由三层构成，外层为防脱落层，中间层为由含避光剂的医用塑料制成的避光层，内层为无避光剂的透明层。
本实用新型是在传统动静脉穿刺器的基础上所作的改进，其避光软管由三层构成，外层为防脱落层，中间层为避光层，内层为透明层，无避光剂；穿刺针针管和内圆锥接头均由避光材料制成。
本实用新型具有如下优点：
1、避光软管的中间层为由含避光剂的医用塑料制成的避光层，避光波长范围值为250至550nm。穿刺针针管、内圆锥接头均由避光材料制成。血液流经动静脉穿刺器时，波长范围值为250至550nm的光被遮避，避免血液中的光敏感物质和光敏药物经光照射，发生光化学反应从而对人体造成损伤；避免光对血细胞的损伤；又可透过部分可见光，以便治疗中的观察；
2、避光软管的外层为防脱落层，避免了医护人员与避光剂接触，避免了避光剂对环境的污染；
3、结构合理、组成简单、性能安全可靠。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图；
图2为避光软管的横截面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例并对照附图对本实用新型作进一步详细说明。
一种避光动静脉穿刺器，包括穿刺针保护套101、穿刺针针管102、针柄103、避光软管104、止流夹105、内圆锥接头106和接头保护帽107，特征是：避光软管104由三层构成，外层201为防脱落层，中间层202为由含避光剂的医用塑料制成的避光层，内层203为不含避光剂的透明层；穿刺针针管102、内圆锥接头106均由避光材料制成。
Claims (1)
1.一种避光动静脉穿刺器，包括穿刺针保护套、针柄、止流夹和接头保护帽，其特征在于：还包括避光软管、均由避光材料制成的穿刺针针管和内圆锥接头，其中：避光软管由三层构成，外层为防脱落层，中间层为由含避光剂的医用塑料制成的避光层，内层为无避光剂的透明层。
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