CN215208713U - Large shallow lake reconstruction deep and shallow bottom landform and benign stable ecological system - Google Patents
Large shallow lake reconstruction deep and shallow bottom landform and benign stable ecological system Download PDFInfo
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- CN215208713U CN215208713U CN202120226175.XU CN202120226175U CN215208713U CN 215208713 U CN215208713 U CN 215208713U CN 202120226175 U CN202120226175 U CN 202120226175U CN 215208713 U CN215208713 U CN 215208713U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a dark shallow bottom landform of large-scale shallow water type lake reconsitution and benign stable ecosystem forms shallow water type lake deep water district through excavation bed mud a, and the bed mud a landfill that the excavation obtained is in other regions in this lake, and the bed mud b that forms after the bed mud a carries is piled up, forms the shallow water district, the periphery in shallow water district is the lakeside area, and the lakeside area is located the crisscross area of land and water in shallow water type lake, put in ecological reef in the deep water district, plant the submerged plant in the shallow water district, view and admire the lotus, the lakeside area is planted there is emergent aquatic plant. By utilizing the ecological principle, the biological diversity is restored by reconstructing the landform of the deep and shallow bottom layers and constructing the biological community structure of the damaged water body ecological system, so that the self-purification capacity of the shallow lake is restored, and the virtuous cycle of self-maintenance and self-succession of the ecological system is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a deep shallow bottom landform of large-scale shallow water type lake reconsitution and benign stable ecosystem.
Background
Compared with deep lakes, shallow lakes have no long-term stable temperature stratification, water and soil interface areas of water bodies in unit volume are large, the disturbance effect of wind waves on lake sediments is strong, and unconsolidated sediments on the surface layer are frequently resuspended; the boundary between the bank side belt and the open water area is fuzzy, and the water body ecosystem has a complex structure; the circulation mechanism of the nutrient salt in the ecological system is complex, and the circulation rate of the nutrient salt is high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to present problem, provide a dark shallow bottom landform of large-scale shallow water type lake reconsitution and benign stable ecosystem, utilize the ecology principle, through the dark shallow bottom variety landform of reconsitution, reduce the disturbance of power factors such as wave wind-force to water bottom mud layer, simultaneously, the biological community structure of bottom landform after the reconsitution is found to the structure, increase biological diversity, make shallow water type lake resume self-purification ability, realize the virtuous circle of its ecosystem self-maintenance, self-succession.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
a large shallow lake reconstructs deep and shallow bottom landforms and a benign stable ecological system, which is characterized in that a shallow lake deep water area is formed by excavating bottom mud a, the excavated bottom mud a is buried in other areas of the lake, bottom mud b formed after the bottom mud a is conveyed is stacked to form a shallow water area, a lakeside zone is arranged at the periphery of the shallow water area and is positioned in a land-water staggered zone of the shallow lake, ecological reefs are put in the deep water area, submerged plants and ornamental loads are planted in the shallow water area, and emergent water plants are planted in the lakeside zone.
Furthermore, the excavation depth of the deep water area is 1-10m, the number of the ecological reefs put in the deep water area is more than 1, the ecological reef shell on the surface of the ecological reefs is formed by sintering bottom mud a seriously polluted by the surface layer of the lake, submerged plants are planted on the ecological reef shell, one end of the ecological reefs is connected with an ecological factor adding pipe, a dissolved oxygen and water plug flow device is arranged below the interior of the ecological reefs, and the dissolved oxygen and water plug flow device is connected with ground regulation and control equipment through an air inlet pipe.
Furthermore, the lake bottom is flat in the shallow water area, the water depth is 1.0-2.5m, fish, river crabs, snails, filter-feeding bivalve shells and daphnia magna are thrown in a water area with the water flow rate of 0.3-1.0m/s, construction and fishing are facilitated, restoration and normal growth of aquatic plants at the lake bottom are facilitated, the fish is more than one of silver carps, bighead carps, herrings, catfishes and crucian carps, the stocking proportion of the silver carps and bighead carps is more than 60%, the blue carps and bighead carps can effectively avoid the occurrence of blue algae bloom in a certain proportion, the filter-feeding bivalve shells comprise more than one of hyriopsis cumingii, anodonta concha ostrinia, corbicula fluminea and bighead carp, and the filter-feeding bivalve shells have strong enrichment capacity on pollutants such as heavy metals, organic matters and the like in the water body.
Furthermore, the submerged plants are one or more of eel grass, watermifoil, potamonia cochinchinensis, hydrilla verticillata and golden fish algae, and the submerged plants improve the water quality through mechanisms of absorbing nutritive salt, changing the physical and chemical environment of sediments, secreting algae inhibiting substances and the like, provide habitation, propagation and refuge places for fishes and zooplankton and have important influence on the structure and the function of an ecosystem.
Furthermore, the emergent aquatic plants are more than one of reed, calamus, thalictrum floribundum, iris citrina odorata, cattail, allium mongolicum and rush, so that the retention environment and living space of microorganisms and aquatic organisms in the lakeside zone are effectively improved, and the water environment quality of coastal water areas is effectively improved.
The utility model has the advantages that:
since the technical scheme is used, compared with the prior art, the utility model, the advantage and the effect that have are:
1. by utilizing an ecological principle, the disturbance of dynamic factors such as wave, wind and the like to a water body bottom mud layer is reduced by reconstructing the diversity landform of the deep and shallow bottom layers, meanwhile, a biological community structure of the reconstructed bottom layer landform is constructed, the biological diversity is increased, the self-purification capacity of the shallow lake is recovered, and the virtuous cycle of self-maintenance and self-succession of an ecological system is realized;
2. the ecological reef is put in the deep water area, so that on one hand, places such as sheltering, spawning, inhabitation and the like are provided for underwater organisms, the biological diversity is increased, on the other hand, the rolling of bottom mud caused by wave disturbance and reconstruction is reduced, the release of bottom mud nutrient substances is effectively inhibited, the transparency of lake water is improved, and the growth of submerged plants is promoted; emergent aquatic plants are planted in the lakeside zone, a windproof zone is established, disturbance of wind waves to the lake water body is weakened, the retention environment and living space of microorganisms and aquatic organisms in the lakeside zone are improved, and the water environment quality of coastal water areas is effectively improved; transplanting submerged plants in a shallow water area to form a submerged plant community, planting ornamental loads beside the submerged plant community, increasing the aesthetic degree, creating a habitat for thrown aquatic organisms, improving the diversity and stability of a lake ecosystem, inhibiting the resuspension of sediments, improving the transparency of a water body, absorbing pollutants in the water body, recovering the biological diversity, recovering the self-purification capacity of the shallow lake, and realizing the virtuous cycle of self-maintenance and self-succession of the ecosystem;
3. and the excavated bottom mud is buried in other areas of the lake again, and the seriously polluted surface layer is used for sintering the ecological reef shell, so that the environmental pressure brought to the outside by the bottom mud is avoided, and the transportation and complex treatment cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bottom landform diagram of a large shallow lake before the reconstruction of deep and shallow bottom landforms and benign stable ecosystem of the present invention is implemented;
FIG. 2 is a bottom landform and area division diagram of the reconstructed deep and shallow bottom landform and the reconstructed benign stable ecosystem of the large-scale shallow lake of the utility model;
FIG. 3 is an effect diagram of the large-scale shallow lake after the implementation of the reconstructed deep and shallow bottom landform and benign stable ecosystem;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the ecological reef placed in the deep water area 5 by the large shallow lake to reconstruct the landform of the deep and shallow bottom layers and the benign stable ecosystem;
description of reference numerals: 1-1 parts of bottom mud a, 1-2 parts of bottom mud b, 3 parts of lake shore belt, 4 parts of shallow water area, 5 parts of deep water area, 6 parts of submerged plant, 7 parts of ecological reef, 8 parts of ornamental load, 9 parts of emergent aquatic plant, 10 parts of dissolved oxygen and water plug flow device, 11 parts of ecological factor feeding pipe, 12 parts of air inlet pipe, 13 parts of ecological reef shell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in the figure, the large shallow lake reconstructs a deep and shallow bottom landform and a benign stable ecosystem, and is characterized in that a shallow lake deep water area 5 is formed by excavating bottom mud a1-1, the excavated bottom mud a1-1 is buried in other areas of the lake, bottom mud b1-2 formed after the bottom mud a1-1 is conveyed is piled up to form a shallow water area 4, a lakeshore zone 3 is arranged on the periphery of the shallow water area 4, the lakeshore zone 3 is positioned in a land-water staggered zone of the shallow lake, ecological reefs 7 are put in the deep water area 5, submerged plants 6 and ornamental loads 8 are planted in the shallow water area 4, and emergent plants 9 are planted in the lakeside zone 3; the excavation depth of the deep water area 5 is 1-10m, the number of the ecological reefs 7 put in the deep water area 5 is more than 1, the ecological reef shell 13 on the surface of the ecological reefs 7 is formed by sintering bottom mud a1-1 seriously polluted by the surface layer of a lake, submerged plants 6 are planted on the ecological reef shell 13, one end of the ecological reefs 7 is connected with an ecological factor adding pipe 11, a dissolved oxygen and water plug flow device 10 is arranged below the interior of the ecological reefs 7, and the dissolved oxygen and water plug flow device 10 is connected with ground regulation and control equipment through an air inlet pipe 12; the lake bottom of the shallow water area 4 is flat, the water depth is 1.0-2.5m, the water body flow velocity is 0.3-1.0m/s, fish, river crabs, snails, filter feeding bivalve shells and daphnia magna are thrown in the water area, the fish is more than one of silver carps, bighead carps, herrings, catfishes and crucian carps, the stocking proportion of the silver carps and the bighead carps is more than 60%, and the filter feeding bivalve shells comprise more than one of hyriopsis cumingii, anodonta woodiana, corbicula fluminea and cristoba plicata; the submerged plant 6 is more than one of tape grass, watermifoil, potamogeton mukurossi, hydrilla verticillata and goldfish algae; the emergent aquatic plant 9 is more than one of reed, calamus, redroot flower, yellow flower iris, cattail, allium fistulosum and rush.
Example 1
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in a lake with an average water depth of 3.0m, a shallow lake deep water area 5 is formed by excavating bottom mud a1-1, the excavation depth is 1m, the bottom mud a1-1 obtained by excavation is buried in other areas of the lake, and the bottom mud b1-2 formed after the bottom mud a1-1 is conveyed is further stacked to form a shallow water area 4, so that the bottom landform of the shallow lake is reconstructed.
In the lakeside zone 3, the average water depth is less than or equal to 0.5m, an emergent aquatic plant 9 windproof zone is established, the disturbance of wind to the lakeside is weakened, the detention environment and living space of microorganisms and aquatic organisms in the lakeside zone 3 are improved, and the water environment quality of coastal water areas is effectively improved.
The method is characterized in that a flat lake bottom is selected in a shallow water area 4, submerged plants 6 are transplanted in a water area with the water depth of 1.0m to form a submerged plant 6 community, ornamental loads 8 are planted beside the submerged plant community, the attractiveness is improved, a habitat is created for thrown aquatic organisms, the diversity and the stability of a lake ecological system are improved, the resuspension of sediments is inhibited, the transparency of a water body is improved, and pollutants in the water body are absorbed. Putting ecological reef 7 in the deep water area 5, rooting submerged plants 6 to grow and absorb nutrient-rich substances which are fixedly fused on an ecological reef shell 13, connecting one end of a dissolved oxygen and water flow pushing device 10 with an air inlet pipe 12, adopting a known nano aeration device for the dissolved oxygen and water flow pushing device 10, increasing dissolved oxygen in a water body, releasing microorganisms required by the microorganisms to the water body by an ecological factor adding pipe 11, and performing ecological restoration of the deep water area 5 by means of sowing the grass seeds of the Sichuan lovage, the hydrilla verticillata and the water peanuts and transplanting the grass seeds thereof, wherein the average transplanting density is 1 plant/m2。
After the primary effect of lake phytoremediation is achieved, fish, river crabs, snails, filter-feeding bivalve shells and daphnia magna are put into 4 water areas of a shallow water area with flat lake bottom, water depth of 1.0m and water flow rate of 0.3m/s, the fish comprises 'blue algae bloom' chub bighead carps, carnivorous black carps and xenocypris bleekers, and the filter-feeding bivalve shells are hyriopsis cumingii, paprika and corbicula fluminea, wherein the ratio of stocking of the chub bighead carps to the chub bighead carps accounts for more than 60%, and the amount of submerged plants 6 and plankton in the water area is controlled by the put river crabs, the snails, the hyriopsis cumingii, the paprika mussels and the corbicula fluminea, so that the transparency of the water body is improved, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt circulation of the water body is adjusted, the predatory black mussels, the snails and the organic debris such as saprophagous bleekers and sapid sludge are removed, so that a benign ecological stable system is formed.
Preferably, the submerged plant 6 is more than one of tape grass, watermifoil, Alectoria mala, and Goldfish algae.
Preferably, the number of the ecological reefs 7 is more than 1.
Preferably, the microorganism is one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, digestive bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and flocculating bacteria.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant 9 is more than one of reed, calamus, lilac flower, iris citrina, cattail, allium mongolicum and rush.
Example 2
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in a lake with an average water depth of 2.0m, a shallow lake deep water area 5 is formed by excavating bottom mud a1-1, the excavation depth is 5m, the bottom mud a1-1 obtained by excavation is buried in other areas of the lake, and bottom mud b1-2 formed after the bottom mud a1-1 is conveyed is further stacked to form a shallow water area 4, so that the bottom landform of the shallow lake is reconstructed.
In the lakeside zone 3, the average water depth is less than or equal to 0.5m, an emergent aquatic plant 9 windproof zone is established, the disturbance of wind to the lakeside is weakened, the detention environment and living space of microorganisms and aquatic organisms in the lakeside zone 3 are improved, and the water environment quality of coastal water areas is effectively improved.
Selecting a water area with flat lake bottom and water depth of 2.0m in the shallow water area 4 to transplant submerged plants 6 to form a submerged plant 6 communityThe ornamental lotus 8 is planted beside the lake, so that the aesthetic degree is increased, a habitat is created for the thrown aquatic organisms, the diversity and the stability of a lake ecosystem are improved, the resuspension of sediments is inhibited, the transparency of a water body is improved, and pollutants in the water body are absorbed. Putting ecological reef 7 in the deep water area 5, rooting submerged plants 6 to grow and absorb nutrient-rich substances which are fixedly fused on an ecological reef shell 13, connecting one end of a dissolved oxygen and water flow pushing device 10 with an air inlet pipe 12, adopting a known nano aeration device for the dissolved oxygen and water flow pushing device 10, increasing dissolved oxygen in a water body, releasing microorganisms required by the microorganisms to the water body by an ecological factor adding pipe 11, carrying out ecological restoration on the deep water area 5 by a mode of sowing the grass seeds of the Sichuan lovage, the hydrilla verticillata and the alternanthera philoxeroides and transplanting the grass seeds of the alternanthera philoxeroides, and carrying out ecological restoration on the deep water area 5 with the average transplanting density of 2 plants/m2。
After the primary effect of lake phytoremediation is achieved, fish, river crabs, snails, filter-feeding bivalve shells and daphnia magna are put into 4 water areas of a shallow water area with flat lake bottom, water depth of 2.0m and water flow rate of 0.6m/s, the fish comprises 'blue algae bloom' chub bighead carps, carnivorous black carps and xenocypris bleekers, and the filter-feeding bivalve shells are hyriopsis cumingii, paprika and corbicula fluminea, wherein the ratio of stocking of the chub bighead carps to the chub bighead carps accounts for more than 60%, and the amount of submerged plants 6 and plankton in the water area is controlled by the put river crabs, the snails, the hyriopsis cumingii, the paprika mussels and the corbicula fluminea, so that the transparency of the water body is improved, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt circulation of the water body is adjusted, the predatory black mussels, the snails and the organic debris such as excrement and sapid sludge of the sapid bleekers are removed, so that a benign ecological stable system is formed.
Preferably, the submerged plant 6 is more than one of tape grass, watermifoil, Alectoria mala, and Goldfish algae.
Preferably, the number of the ecological reefs 7 is more than 1.
Preferably, the microorganism is one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, digestive bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and flocculating bacteria.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant 9 is more than one of reed, calamus, lilac flower, iris citrina, cattail, allium mongolicum and rush.
Example 3
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in a lake with an average water depth of 1.5m, a shallow lake deep water area 5 is formed by excavating bottom mud a1-1, the excavation depth is 10m, the excavated bottom mud a1-1 is buried in other areas of the lake, and bottom mud b1-2 formed after the bottom mud a1-1 is conveyed is further stacked to form a shallow water area 4, so that the bottom landform of the shallow lake is reconstructed.
In the lakeside zone 3, the average water depth is less than or equal to 0.5m, an emergent aquatic plant 9 windproof zone is established, the disturbance of wind to the lakeside is weakened, the detention environment and living space of microorganisms and aquatic organisms in the lakeside zone 3 are improved, and the water environment quality of coastal water areas is effectively improved.
The method is characterized in that a flat lake bottom is selected in a shallow water area 4, submerged plants 6 are transplanted in a water area with the water depth of 2.5m to form a submerged plant 6 community, ornamental loads 8 are planted beside the submerged plant community, the attractiveness is improved, a habitat is created for thrown aquatic organisms, the diversity and the stability of a lake ecological system are improved, the resuspension of sediments is inhibited, the transparency of a water body is improved, and pollutants in the water body are absorbed. Putting ecological reef 7 in the deep water area 5, rooting submerged plants 6 to grow and absorb nutrient-rich substances which are fixedly fused on an ecological reef shell 13, connecting one end of a dissolved oxygen and water flow pushing device 10 with an air inlet pipe 12, adopting a known nano aeration device for the dissolved oxygen and water flow pushing device 10, increasing dissolved oxygen in a water body, releasing microorganisms required by the microorganisms to the water body by an ecological factor adding pipe 11, carrying out ecological restoration on the deep water area 5 by a mode of sowing the grass seeds of the Sichuan lovage, the hydrilla verticillata and the alternanthera philoxeroides and transplanting the grass seeds of the alternanthera philoxeroides, and carrying out ecological restoration on the deep water area 5 with the average transplanting density of 2 plants/m2。
After the primary effect of lake phytoremediation is achieved, fish, river crabs, snails, filter-feeding bivalve shells and daphnia magna are put into 4 water areas of a shallow water area with flat lake bottom, water depth of 2.5m and water flow rate of 0.9m/s, the fish comprises 'blue algae bloom' chub bighead carps, carnivorous black carps and xenocypris bleekers, and the filter-feeding bivalve shells are hyriopsis cumingii, paprika and corbicula fluminea, wherein the ratio of stocking of the chub bighead carps to the chub bighead carps accounts for more than 60%, and the underwater plants 6 and plankton in the water area are controlled by the put river crabs, the snails, the hyriopsis cumingii, the paprika mussels and the corbicula fluminea, the number of predatory black mussels, snails and the like, and the organic debris such as saprops and sapid sludge are removed from the saprophytic black carps and the underwater to form a benign ecological stable system.
Preferably, the submerged plant 6 is more than one of tape grass, watermifoil, Alectoria mala, and Goldfish algae.
Preferably, the number of the ecological reefs 7 is more than 1.
Preferably, the microorganism is one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, digestive bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and flocculating bacteria.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant 9 is more than one of reed, calamus, lilac flower, iris citrina, cattail, allium mongolicum and rush.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A large shallow lake reconstructs deep and shallow bottom landforms and a benign stable ecological system, which is characterized in that a shallow lake deep water area (5) is formed by excavating bottom mud a (1-1), the bottom mud a (1-1) obtained by excavation is buried in other areas of the lake, bottom mud b (1-2) formed after the bottom mud a (1-1) is conveyed is piled up to form a shallow water area (4), a lakeshore zone (3) is arranged on the periphery of the shallow water area (4), the lakeshore zone (3) is positioned in a water-land staggered zone of the shallow lake, ecological reefs (7) are put in the deep water area (5), submerged plants (6) and ornamental loads (8) are planted in the shallow water area (4), and emergent plants (9) are planted in the lakeshore zone (3).
2. The large shallow water type lake reconstruction deep and shallow bottom landform and benign stable ecosystem according to claim 1, is characterized in that the deep water area (5) is excavated to a depth of 1-10m, the number of the ecological reefs (7) thrown in the deep water area (5) is more than 1, ecological reef shells (13) on the surfaces of the ecological reefs (7) are formed by sintering bottom mud a (1-1) seriously polluted on the surface layer of the lake, submerged plants (6) are planted on the ecological reef shells (13), one ends of the ecological reefs (7) are connected with ecological factor feeding pipes (11), an oxygen dissolving and water plug flow device (10) is arranged below the ecological reefs (7), and the oxygen dissolving and water plug flow device (10) is connected with ground regulation and control equipment through an air inlet pipe (12).
3. The large shallow lake reconstruction deep and shallow floor landform and benign stable ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein fish, river crabs, snails, filter-feeding bivalve shells and daphnia magna are thrown in the shallow water area (4) with flat lake bottom, water depth of 1.0-2.5m and water flow rate of 0.3-1.0m/s, the fish is more than one of silver carps, bighead carps, herring fish, catfishes and crucian carps, the stocking proportion of the silver carps and the bighead carps is more than 60%, and the filter-feeding bivalve shells comprise more than one of hyriopsis cumingii, anantis dorsalis, corbicula fluminea and crista plicata.
4. The large shallow lake as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which reconstructs a deep and shallow bottom landform and a benign and stable ecosystem, wherein the submerged plant (6) is one or more of eel grass, watermifoil, potamogeton mukurossi, hydrilla verticillata and goldfish algae.
5. The large shallow lake of claim 1, wherein the emergent aquatic plants (9) are selected from the group consisting of reed, calamus, reshel flower, iris, cattail, shallot, and rush.
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| CN116081819A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-05-09 | 中建三局绿色产业投资有限公司 | Ecological restoration treatment method for closed type deepwater lake and reservoir |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116081819A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-05-09 | 中建三局绿色产业投资有限公司 | Ecological restoration treatment method for closed type deepwater lake and reservoir |
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