CN213601830U - Step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse and power distribution unit, energy storage equipment or new energy automobile using same - Google Patents
Step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse and power distribution unit, energy storage equipment or new energy automobile using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN213601830U CN213601830U CN202022971222.1U CN202022971222U CN213601830U CN 213601830 U CN213601830 U CN 213601830U CN 202022971222 U CN202022971222 U CN 202022971222U CN 213601830 U CN213601830 U CN 213601830U
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
A step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse and a power distribution unit, energy storage equipment or a new energy automobile using the same are disclosed, the excitation fuse comprises a shell, an excitation device, a power device and a current conducting plate, a first cavity and a second cavity which are adjacent to each other are arranged on the shell, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity; the conductive plate penetrates through the shell, the first cavity and the second cavity; the first cavity is sequentially provided with an excitation device and a power device; a sliding block is arranged in the second cavity, and one end of the sliding block penetrates through a position communicated with the first cavity and extends into the first cavity; when the power device is driven by the exciting device to disconnect the conductive plate in the first cavity, the end of the extrusion sliding block extending into the first cavity drives the sliding block to disconnect the conductive plate in the second cavity. The excitation fuse has the advantages of wide breaking current range, high arc extinguishing capability and excellent insulation performance after breaking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power control and electric automobiles, in particular to an excitation fuse for cutting off a current transmission circuit through external signal control.
Background
The product of circuit overcurrent protection is a fuse which is fused based on heat generated by current flowing through the fuse, and the main problem is the matching relationship between the thermal fuse and a load. For example, in the case of main loop protection of a new energy vehicle, if the load is overloaded by a low multiple or short-circuited, the fuse with the low current specification cannot meet the condition of short-time overshoot of current, and if the fuse with the high current specification is selected, the requirement of rapid protection cannot be met. In the lithium battery pack which provides energy for the current new energy vehicles, the output current is about several times of the rated current under the condition of short circuit, and the protection time of the fuse can not meet the requirement, so that the battery pack generates heat and burns. Because the resistance current heating and the breaking current heating melting are both from the current flowing through the fuse, the protection device adopting the heating melting of the current cannot achieve the breaking speed of the fault current with a certain amplitude value which is fast enough under the condition of having a larger rated current or resisting stronger short-time overload/impact current (such as short-time heavy current when an electric automobile is started or climbs a slope), or achieve a higher rated current under the condition of the protection speed of the fault current with a certain amplitude value which is fast enough, or can resist the larger overload/impact current without damage.
Another fuse has a problem in that it cannot communicate with external devices and cannot be triggered by signals other than current, such as a vehicle ECU, BMS, or other sensors. If the circuit cannot be cut off in time under the conditions of serious collision, water soaking, overhigh temperature of the battery after insolation and the like of the vehicle, the serious event that the vehicle is finally damaged due to the combustion of the battery pack can be caused.
At present, a quick-breaking cut-off opening structure exists in the market, and mainly comprises an electronic ignition device, a conductive plate and a containing cavity after the conductive plate falls off, wherein the electronic ignition device generates high-pressure gas to drive a power device to break the conductive plate, and the conductive plate falls downwards into the containing cavity after being broken, so that the purpose of quickly breaking a circuit is achieved. However, it also has some drawbacks and drawbacks, resulting in a limited arc extinguishing capacity: due to the single fracture, the arc extinguishing capability is low, and large fault current is difficult to break.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a double-fracture excitation fuse, which improves the arc extinguishing capability and the breaking capability by increasing fractures, and improves the insulation resistance after breaking by the step-by-step action of the fractures.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse, which comprises a shell, an excitation device, a power device and a current-conducting plate, and is characterized in that a first cavity and a second cavity which are adjacent to each other are arranged on the shell, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity; the conductive plate penetrates through the shell, the first cavity and the second cavity; the first cavity is sequentially provided with the excitation device and the power device; a sliding block is arranged in the second cavity, and one end of the sliding block penetrates through a position communicated with the first cavity and extends into the first cavity; when the power device is driven by the excitation device to disconnect the conductive plate in the first cavity, one end of the sliding block extending into the first cavity can be pressed to drive the sliding block to disconnect the conductive plate in the second cavity. The conducting plate is in sealing contact with the shell, and the power device is in sealing contact with the first cavity.
The current conducting plate impacted by the power device and the sliding block is a weak breaking part.
And the power device and the sliding block are provided with pointed structures at the corresponding positions of the weak breaking positions of the impact conducting plates.
The slider arc slider, the second die cavity has the confession the gliding arcwall face of arc slider laminating.
And bending weak points corresponding to the breaking weak points are respectively arranged in the first cavity and the second cavity.
On the basis of the structure, at least one melt can be connected in parallel to the conductive plate in order to improve the arc extinguishing capability. And two ends of the melt are respectively positioned at two sides of the weak breaking position on the conductive plate in the first cavity. Or the two ends of the melt are respectively positioned at the two sides of the weak breaking position of the conductive plate in the first cavity and the second cavity.
An arc extinguishing chamber filled with arc extinguishing medium is arranged on the shell; a throat portion of the melt is disposed through the arc quenching medium.
The conducting plate is in sealing contact with the shell, and the power device is in sealing contact with the first cavity.
The fuse disclosed by the invention can be applied to a power distribution unit, or an energy storage device, or a new energy automobile and is used for circuit protection.
Compared with the traditional excitation fuse, the excitation fuse of the invention has the advantages that:
1. the double-break design reduces the voltage applied to each break by 1/2 of a single break, reduces the recovery voltage of the arc gap, can break the arc with higher voltage grade, and improves the breaking voltage.
2. The two fractures are delayed to be disconnected and the melt is fused, so that the fault current and the temperature of the fracture which is opened later are lower, the electric arc is easier to cut off, and the insulation performance after the fracture is excellent; meanwhile, the current breaking range is widened, the arc extinguishing capability and the breaking capability are improved, and the insulation performance is reliable after breaking.
3. The time of the second fracture disconnection can be delayed by adjusting the angle and the size of the arc-shaped sliding block, and a condition that the second fracture is easy to extinguish is created, so that the disconnection capability is improved.
4. The power device and the shell are sealed relatively, gas is prevented from entering the arc extinguishing chamber to influence breaking, and meanwhile electric arcs are prevented from entering the chamber where the exciting device is located to damage the driving circuit.
5. The shell is sealed, air holes are not formed, foreign matters can be prevented from polluting the fracture, high-temperature electric arcs can be prevented from being sprayed out of the shell to damage surrounding devices, and the protection level is improved.
6. Compared with a single-fracture excitation fuse, the double-fracture excitation fuse product which is rotationally disconnected step by step has the advantages of unchanged weight, unchanged volume and no obvious increase in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an excitation fuse without a parallel fuse element and before disconnection.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an excitation fuse without a parallel fuse element and after disconnection.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an excitation fuse and a fuse body in parallel without disconnection.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an excitation fuse plus shunt fuse without breaking.
Detailed Description
The above technical solutions will be specifically described with reference to the drawings by way of examples. The invention relates to an excitation fuse, which mainly comprises a shell, a conductive plate, an excitation device and a power device; see fig. 1-4, wherein.
The shell can be formed by combining an upper shell and a lower shell or a left shell and a right shell, and a sealing device is arranged at the combined contact surface. In this embodiment, it is composed of an upper housing 102 and a lower housing 106. A first cavity 107 penetrating the upper end of the housing is opened in the housing, a second cavity 108 is opened at one side of the lower part of the first cavity, and the lower ends of the first cavity 107 and the second cavity 108 are communicated. A conductive plate 104 is inserted into the housing, the conductive plate 104 passes through the cavities 107 and 108 and a partition plate 109 between the cavities, and the conductive plate separates the cavities into two parts. Two side walls of the partition board 9 are of a plane structure, and the end surface of the free end of the partition board is of an arc surface structure. An excitation device 101 and a power device 103 are sequentially arranged in the first cavity above the conductive plate from top to bottom. The excitation device 101 is fixedly arranged at the top of the first cavity, is limited by a limit step arranged in the vertical cavity, and the upper part of the excitation device can be fixed by a pressure plate or a pressure sleeve (not shown). The excitation device is an electronic ignition device in the embodiment, and can receive an excitation signal sent from the outside when a fault occurs, generate high-pressure gas by ignition and detonation, form driving force and drive the power device to operate.
And the power device 103 is positioned in the first cavity between the excitation device and the conductive plate and above the part of the conductive plate in the cavity, and the impact end of the power device is kept at a certain distance from the conductive plate to ensure the impact force of the power device. A sealing device is arranged on the contact surface of the power device and the first cavity, so that the driving force generated by the exciting device is completely acted on the power device and cannot be leaked, the driving force is not insufficient, and gas is prevented from entering the fracture of the conductive plate to influence arc extinction; meanwhile, the electric arc is prevented from entering a cavity part where the power excitation device is located when the power excitation device is disconnected, and the influence on a driving circuit is avoided. In this embodiment the sealing means is a sealing ring. When the power device is not driven by the driving force and is positioned at the initial position, a limiting mechanism (not shown) is arranged at the contact surface of the power device and the cavity, so that the power device is ensured to be fixed at the initial position and cannot move in the cavity to cause misoperation. The limiting mechanism can be formed by arranging small lugs on the periphery of the power device at intervals, arranging grooves on the inner walls of the corresponding cavities, and clamping the lugs of the power device into the grooves to realize position limitation. The limit mechanism can be disconnected under impact when the power device receives driving force from the exciting device, and the limit function is released. The impact tool bit is arranged below the power device and is of a pointed structure, the pointed structure can be an acute angle structure with one straight surface and the other inclined surface intersected, a conical sharp angle structure with the two surfaces both inclined surfaces intersected or other structures which are beneficial to cutting off the conductive plate. In this embodiment, the power unit is a piston, and the impact bit has a bevel-shaped structure, and the bevel-shaped structure of the impact bit is disposed on a side close to the housing wall.
The current conducting plate corresponding to the power device impact tool bit is provided with a weak breaking part 110, and the weak breaking part is a V-shaped groove, a U-shaped groove or other structures which can reduce the strength of the broken part of the current conducting plate and are formed in one surface or two surfaces of the current conducting plate and run through the width of the current conducting plate. In the embodiment, the weak breaking part is arranged on the conductive plate which corresponds to the sharp-angled structure of the inclined surface of the impact tool bit and is close to one side of the first cavity; and a bending weak part 111 is arranged on the conductive plate at the other side of the first cavity close to the partition plate.
The second cavity 108, the side opposite to the partition board is an arc surface, and the lower end surface of the partition board 109 located at the second cavity is set to be an arc surface. The arc-shaped sliding block 105 is arranged in the second cavity, two surfaces of the arc-shaped sliding block are arc-shaped surfaces, and two ends of the arc-shaped sliding block are of planar structures. The arc-shaped sliding block is provided with a limiting mechanism (not shown) to ensure that the arc-shaped sliding block is positioned at an initial position when external force is not applied. In the initial position, the arcuate slider 105 is located in the second cavity of the lower end surface of the partition 109. An arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped sliding block is attached to abut against the arc-shaped surface of the second cavity opposite to the partition plate, and the arc-shaped end surface of the free end of the partition plate is attached to abut against the other arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped sliding block. When the arc-shaped sliding block is positioned at the initial position, one end part of the arc-shaped sliding block protrudes and is positioned in the first cavity, and the end surface of the arc-shaped sliding block, which is partially positioned in the first cavity, is in an inclined surface structure at the initial position; the other end of the cavity is positioned in the second cavity, and the end surface of the cavity is also in an inclined surface structure in the initial position. On the current-conducting plate that is arranged in the second die cavity, with the arc slider terminal surface position department that the current-conducting plate distance is the shortest, set up weak department of disconnection 112, be provided with weak department of bending 113 on the current-conducting plate of second die cavity opposite that weak department of disconnection. The inclined plane structure at the both ends of arc slider sets up the requirement and satisfies: after the power device disconnection is located the current conducting plate in first die cavity, power device can oppress the terminal surface that the arc slider is located first die cavity, orders about the arc slider and overcomes its stop gear, strikes the current conducting plate that is located the second die cavity along the motion of second die cavity, because the terminal surface department that the arc slider that is located in the second die cavity corresponds the weak department of current conducting plate disconnection is inclined plane closed angle structure, under huge oppression power, the current conducting plate that the arc slider disconnection is located the second die cavity. When the power device moves to the dead point position, the side surface of the power device tightly abuts against the end surface of the arc-shaped sliding block to position the arc-shaped sliding block, and the disconnected current conducting plate is isolated through the arc-shaped sliding block. The time of the fracture of the conducting plate in the second cavity can be delayed by adjusting the angle and the size of the arc-shaped sliding block.
The power device and the arc-shaped sliding block are made of insulating materials. The slider that sets up in the second die cavity can be the arc slider, also can be the slider of other structures, only needs to satisfy the inclined plane that the slider stretches into first die cavity and can receive power device's extrusion and move in the second die cavity, and the current conducting plate that the cutting off is located the second die cavity can. The structure of the second cavity only needs to meet the requirement that the sliding block can disconnect the conducting plate in the second cavity when the sliding block is subjected to external force. The arc-shaped sliding block is combined with the cavity with the arc-shaped surface, so that the size of the fuse is smaller, and the sliding block runs more stably.
The working principle of the excitation fuse with the structure is as follows:
when the excitation device receives an excitation signal from the outside, the ignition and detonation generate a large amount of high-pressure gas, and the power device is driven to move at a high speed towards the direction of the conducting plate; the power device impacts the weak breaking point of the current conducting plate by the impact tool bit, and a first fracture is formed on the current conducting plate by breaking the current conducting plate for the first time;
when the fault current is large, a large electric arc can be generated after the first fracture is disconnected, and because the arc is extinguished only by an air medium, the first fracture is in an arc holding state, and at the moment, the power device is in interference fit with the inner wall of the shell and the bent part of the conductive plate to form an interference line to extrude the electric arc generated at the first fracture, so that the electric arc is elongated, the arc diameter is reduced, the arc resistance is increased, and the fault current is reduced; the power device continues to move to press the arc-shaped sliding block, the arc-shaped sliding block is pressed to move and impact the weak breaking position of the current conducting plate in the second cavity, so that the current conducting plate is broken for the second time, and a second fracture is formed in the second cavity; at the moment, the arc-shaped sliding block is tightly matched with the arc-shaped surface in the second cavity, so that the arc generated at the second fracture is extruded, the arc is rapidly extinguished, and the broken insulating property of the second fracture is excellent and the disconnection reliability of the current conducting plate is ensured because the broken fault current of the second fracture is low and the temperature is low.
When the fault current is small, the two fractures can be better subjected to breaking and arc extinguishing.
Therefore, when other arc extinguishing measures are not adopted and arc extinguishing is carried out only through air, the two fractures are broken off step by step and arc extinguishing is carried out rapidly, and the arc extinguishing capability and the breaking reliability are improved.
In order to better improve the arc extinguishing capability and the breaking capability, auxiliary arc extinguishing can be added on the basis, and the rapid arc extinguishing is realized. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the conductive plates located at the first cavity and the second cavity are connected in parallel with the melt 114 for arc extinguishing, the housing is provided with an arc extinguishing cavity 115 filled with an arc extinguishing medium, the melt 114 penetrates through the arc extinguishing medium, and two ends of the melt pass through the barriers on the housing and are connected in parallel with the conductive plates. The melt is provided with a throat, and the throat of the melt is located in the arc-extinguishing medium. The fuse-element both ends and current-conducting plate parallel connection position department need satisfy when the current-conducting plate breaks off for the first time, and the fuse-element still is in the on-state, and after the current-conducting plate breaks off for the first time, the fuse-element can be before the second time breaks off. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, one end of the melt is connected to the conductive plate located outside the weak point of disconnection 110, and the other end thereof is connected to the conductive plate at the separator (between the weak point of bending 111 and the weak point of bending 113) or to the conductive plate located outside the weak point of disconnection 112. The housing part in which the arc-extinguishing chamber is located can be manufactured separately.
The working principle of the parallel connection melt in figure 3:
the resistance of the parallel connection fused mass on the conductive plate is larger than that of the conductive plate, and the resistance of the arc generated at the fracture is far larger than that of the fused mass.
Under low multiple fault current, the exciting device receives an exciting signal to trigger to generate high-pressure gas and then pushes the power device to break a first break weak point of the current-conducting plate to form a first break point, the low multiple fault current is transferred to a melt body connected with two ends of the first break point of the current-conducting plate in parallel, heat generated at a narrow diameter of the melt body flowing through the narrow diameter of the melt body is not enough to fuse the narrow diameter, and only a current limiting effect is achieved, at the moment, the melt body is connected with a second break weak point of the current-conducting plate in series, compared with the situation that the total resistance is increased before the first break point is broken, the voltage at; the power device continues to move and then presses the arc-shaped sliding block to open the second fracture, the reduced fault current is cut off at the second fracture, and the electric arc is extinguished in a very short time. Through two fractures and the melt, the rapid arc extinguishing and breaking capacity is realized.
Under the medium multiple fault current, the exciting device receives an exciting signal to trigger to generate high-pressure gas and then pushes the power device to break a first weak breaking part of the current conducting plate to form a first fracture, the medium multiple fault current is transferred to a melt which is connected with two ends of the first fracture of the current conducting plate in parallel, heat is generated when the medium multiple fault current flows through a melt narrow diameter part, the melt narrow diameter part starts to form fusing, and the melt is connected with a second weak breaking part of the current conducting plate in series at the moment; in the process of fusing the melt, the power device continues to move and then presses the arc-shaped sliding block to open the second fracture, the melt and the second fracture act together to break the reduced fault current, and at the moment, the arc extinguishing medium also participates in arc extinguishing, extinguishes electric arcs and can realize rapid arc extinguishing. In this case, the first cut is hardly burned by the arc, and the insulation performance after cutting is excellent.
Under high-multiple fault current, the exciting device receives an exciting signal to trigger to generate high-pressure gas and then pushes the power device to break a first weak breaking part of the current-conducting plate to form a first fracture, the high-multiple fault current is rapidly transferred to a melt parallel to two ends of the first fracture of the current-conducting plate, the melt narrow-diameter part generates a large amount of heat and is rapidly fused due to the large fault current, the melt narrow-diameter fusing part generates electric arc, and arc extinguishing media participate in arc extinguishing to enable the electric arc to be extinguished quickly. At the moment, the power device continues to move and then presses the arc-shaped sliding block to open the second fracture, so that a physical fracture is formed, the insulation capacity after the fracture is increased, and the reliability of the fracture is further ensured.
The melt parallel arrangement of fig. 4 is such that two fractures are located between the junction of the two ends of the parallel melt and the conductive plate. When the breaking is started, the exciting device receives an exciting signal to trigger to generate high-pressure gas and then pushes the power device to break a first breaking weak point of the conductive plate to form a first fracture, fault current is rapidly transferred to a melt parallel to two ends of the conductive plate, the melt narrow diameter is mainly used for fusing in an arc extinguishing medium to extinguish electric arcs, and the power device continues to move and then presses the arc-shaped sliding block to open a second fracture only to increase the insulating capacity after breaking.
Claims (11)
1. A step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse comprises a shell, an excitation device, a power device and a current-conducting plate, and is characterized in that a first cavity and a second cavity which are adjacent to each other are formed in the shell, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity; the conductive plate penetrates through the shell, the first cavity and the second cavity; the first cavity is sequentially provided with the excitation device and the power device; a sliding block is arranged in the second cavity, and one end of the sliding block penetrates through a position communicated with the first cavity and extends into the first cavity; when the power device is driven by the excitation device to disconnect the conductive plate in the first cavity, one end of the sliding block extending into the first cavity can be pressed to drive the sliding block to disconnect the conductive plate in the second cavity.
2. The step-break, dual-break actuated fuse as recited in claim 1 wherein the conductive plate impacted by said power means and said slider is a break weakness.
3. The step-break, dual-break actuated fuse as recited in claim 2 wherein said power means and said slider are each provided with a pointed structure at a location corresponding to the break weakness in said shock conducting plate.
4. The step-break, dual-break actuated fuse according to claim 3, wherein said slider is an arcuate slider and said second cavity has an arcuate surface for said arcuate slider to snugly slide.
5. The step-breaking double-break excitation fuse as recited in claim 2, wherein bending weak points corresponding to said breaking weak points are respectively formed on said conductive plates in said first cavity and said second cavity.
6. The step-break, dual-break excitation fuse as recited in claim 2 wherein at least one fuse element is connected in parallel to said conductive plate.
7. The step-break, dual-break actuated fuse as recited in claim 6 wherein said melt has opposite ends located on opposite sides of a break weakness in said conductive plate in said first cavity.
8. The step-break, dual-break excitation fuse of claim 6 wherein said melt has ends located on opposite sides of said conductive plate break weakness in said first and second cavities, respectively.
9. The step-by-step disconnecting double-break excitation fuse according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein an arc extinguishing chamber filled with an arc extinguishing medium is opened on the housing; a throat portion of the melt is disposed through the arc quenching medium.
10. The step-break, dual-break excitation fuse as recited in claim 1 wherein said conductive plate is in sealing contact with said housing and said power means is in sealing contact with said first cavity.
11. An electrical distribution unit, or an energy storage device, or a new energy vehicle, the application comprising at least one excitation fuse as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022971222.1U CN213601830U (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse and power distribution unit, energy storage equipment or new energy automobile using same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022971222.1U CN213601830U (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse and power distribution unit, energy storage equipment or new energy automobile using same |
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| CN213601830U true CN213601830U (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022121205A1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | Two-break excitation fuse having staged breaking |
| EP4195228A4 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2024-01-24 | Xi An Sinofuse Electric Co Ltd | Excitation protection apparatus with single excitation source acting step by step |
-
2020
- 2020-12-11 CN CN202022971222.1U patent/CN213601830U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022121205A1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | Two-break excitation fuse having staged breaking |
| EP4195228A4 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2024-01-24 | Xi An Sinofuse Electric Co Ltd | Excitation protection apparatus with single excitation source acting step by step |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: 710075 Zhongrong Electric Industrial Base, No. 97, Jinye Second Road, High tech Zone, Xi'an, Shaanxi Patentee after: XI'AN ZHONGRONG ELECTRIC Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 3-10303, East District, modern enterprise center, No.12, zone a, pioneer R & D Park, 69 Jinye Road, high tech Zone, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710077 Patentee before: XI'AN ZHONGRONG ELECTRIC Co.,Ltd. |