CN212813035U - Full-automatic nutrition pot paving machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a full-automatic nutrition alms bowl dress spreads machine, including the system of fetching earth, divide soil system, nutrition alms bowl memory, get alms bowl system, dress soil and spread alms bowl system, electrical control system, traveling system: the system of getting soil sets up in the complete machine in front, divides the soil system setting in the one side of sending native auger, and nutrition alms bowl memory sets up in branch soil box top, gets alms bowl system setting and is depositing between soil box and the nutrition alms bowl memory, and dress soil alms bowl system setting divides soil system and gets alms bowl system below, and electrical control system sets up in the electrical control incasement, and traveling system includes track and running gear, the utility model discloses except that need the manual work in advance to adorn nutrition alms bowl in the nutrition alms bowl memory, whole accurate automation mechanized operation that have realized can replace people's frock soil to spread the alms bowl completely, degree of automation is high, is showing improvement work efficiency, saves a large amount of manpowers, man-hour, and the steady quality, therefore can better adapt to agricultural modernization demand, and application prospect is.

Description

Full-automatic nutrition pot paving machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a machine for loading and laying nutrition bowls, in particular to a full-automatic nutrition bowl loading and laying machine.

Background

The nutrition pot is an indispensable container for experiments, seedling culture and cultivation of flower nursery stocks, fruit trees, woods, crops and the like, at present, the soil loading, seed scattering and ground laying operation of the nutrition pot are purely manual operation, 700 nutrition pots can be loaded and laid once and once by one person, and 900 nutrition pots can be laid once and once, so that a large amount of manpower and labor time are consumed, the working environment is severe, the production efficiency is low, the operation quality is unstable, and the agricultural modernization demand cannot be met.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome nutrition alms bowl people frock soil, to spread the defect that wastes time and energy, improve work efficiency, improve operating condition, adapt to the development of agricultural mechanization, modernization, the utility model provides a full-automatic nutrition alms bowl dress is spread machine.

The technical scheme of the utility model be, full-automatic nutrition alms bowl dress is spread machine includes the system of fetching earth, divides soil system, nutrition alms bowl memory, gets alms bowl system, dress soil and spread alms bowl system, electrical control system, traveling system and power supply:

the soil taking system comprises a soil taking shovel, a soil taking shovel lifting motor, a soil taking auger, a soil lifting auger, a soil conveying bucket, a soil storing box, a soil storing auger, two soil storing quantity sensors and a soil conveying auger, wherein the soil taking shovel is arranged below the front end of the whole machine, the soil taking shovel is connected with the soil taking shovel lifting motor arranged on the front rack, the soil taking shovel is horizontally provided with the soil taking auger, the soil lifting auger is vertically arranged at an outlet part at the rear part of the soil taking shovel, the upper end of the soil lifting auger is provided with the soil conveying bucket, the soil storing box is arranged at the rear part of the soil lifting auger, a soil inlet of the soil storing box corresponds to the soil conveying bucket at the upper part of the soil lifting auger, the soil storing auger is arranged in the soil storing box, the two soil storing quantity sensors are a soil storing quantity sensor I and a soil storing quantity sensor II and are respectively arranged at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the inner wall of the soil storing box, and the front part of;

the soil separating system is arranged on one side of the rear part of the soil conveying auger and comprises a soil separating box, two soil separating quantity sensors, a soil separating auger, a groove roller with a plurality of grooves, a groove roller motor, a code disc with uniformly distributed notches, a code disc sensor, a soil bin, a soil retaining plate, a transverse shaft of the soil retaining plate and a soil retaining cylinder, wherein one side of the soil separating box is provided with a soil inlet which is connected with the rear part of the soil conveying auger, the two soil separating quantity sensors are a first soil separating quantity sensor and a second soil separating quantity sensor respectively and are respectively arranged at the upper limit and the lower limit of the inner wall of the soil separating box, the soil separating auger is arranged in the soil separating box, the groove rollers are arranged in parallel below the soil outlet below the soil separating box and are connected with the groove roller motor arranged at the rear part of the rack, the other end of the groove rollers is provided with the code disc and the code disc sensor, the code disc sensor is positioned on one, a plurality of soil bins are arranged below the groove round roller side by side, a retractable soil retaining plate is arranged below each soil bin, all the soil retaining plates are fixed on a transverse shaft of each soil retaining plate, a soil retaining cylinder is arranged on one side of the soil separating box, and the head of each soil retaining cylinder is connected with the transverse shaft of each soil retaining plate through a connecting plate;

the soil taking auger and the soil lifting auger are connected with a front auger motor arranged at the front part of the frame through a transmission assembly, the soil storage auger, the soil conveying auger and the soil separating auger are connected with a rear auger motor arranged at the rear part of the frame through transmission assemblies such as an auger connecting shaft rod and the like, and the power of the rear auger motor is transmitted to the soil storage auger, the soil conveying auger and the soil separating auger through the transmission assemblies such as the auger connecting shaft rod and the like;

the soil separating auger is used for uniformly dropping soil entering from one side of the soil separating box on the whole groove round roller so as to ensure that the soil entering each soil bin is consistent in amount;

the nutrition pot storage device is arranged above the soil separating box and comprises a row of downward inclined semi-cylinders and semi-cylinder supports, and the number and the size of the semi-cylinders are determined according to the number and the size of the nutrition pots;

the soil-block taking system is arranged between the soil storage box and the nutrition soil-block storage device and comprises a support frame, a large-arm cylinder fixing frame, a large-arm cylinder, a large-arm cross shaft, a large-arm upper connecting rod shaft, a large arm, a large-arm connecting rod, a large-arm lower connecting rod shaft, a middle-arm cylinder, a middle-arm connecting rod shaft, a middle arm, a small-arm connecting rod shaft, silica gel fingers, a small arm, a small-arm connecting rod, a small-arm cylinder and a clamping plate, wherein the large-arm cylinder fixing frame on the support frame is connected with the large-arm cylinder, the large-arm cross shaft and the large-arm upper connecting rod shaft are arranged in the middle of the support frame, two ends of the large-arm cross shaft are connected with a pair of large arms, the large-arm connecting rod is arranged on the large-arm upper connecting rod shaft, the upper ends of the large-arm connecting rods are connected with the heads of the large-arm cylinder head, the large-arm connecting rod, the head of one middle arm is fixed with a middle arm connecting rod, the middle arm connecting rod is connected with the head of a middle arm cylinder, the waist parts of the two middle arms are movably provided with a small arm connecting rod shaft, a plurality of small arms with silica gel fingers are fixed on the small arm connecting rod shaft, one end of the small arm connecting rod shaft is fixed with a small arm connecting rod, the small arm cylinder is arranged on a large arm lower connecting rod shaft, the head part of the small arm cylinder is connected with the small arm connecting rod, and a plurality of clamping plates corresponding to the small arms and the silica gel fingers are fixed on a bottom plate at the lower ends of the two middle arms;

the soil loading and pot spreading system comprises a main roller, a main roller lifting frame, a main roller lifting motor, an ascending sensor, a descending sensor, a soil container mounting plate, a soil container, a main roller servo motor, an auxiliary roller, a soil container mounting plate, a soil container, an auxiliary roller servo motor and a soil feeding mechanism, wherein the main roller is arranged on the main roller lifting frame and is positioned below the soil separating system, the main roller lifting motor is arranged on a rear rack and drives the main roller lifting frame to lift through a connecting rod, the ascending sensor and the descending sensor are respectively arranged at an upper limit point and a lower limit point on the rack and respectively correspond to the upper edge and the lower edge of a rear plate of the main roller lifting frame, the main roller is a hexagonal roller, six soil container mounting plates are respectively arranged on six sides of the main roller, a row of soil containers with the same number as that of soil bins, semicircular cylinders and soil containers are arranged on each soil container mounting plate, a main roller servo motor is arranged in the hollow part of the main roller, the auxiliary roller is positioned in front of the main roller below the bowl taking system, the auxiliary roller is a quadrangular roller, the four sides of the auxiliary roller are respectively provided with a bowl holding device mounting plate, each bowl holding device mounting plate is provided with a row of bowl holding devices, the mouths of the bowl holding devices face outwards, and the auxiliary roller servo motor is arranged in the hollow part of the auxiliary roller;

the pot feeding mechanism comprises pot feeders, pot feeding cross shafts, pot feeding connecting rods and pot feeding cylinders, wherein the pot feeders are fan-shaped annular bodies, surround the periphery of the auxiliary roller and are inserted into gaps of the pot feeders which are arranged on the auxiliary roller in a pairwise reverse manner, two pot feeders are inserted into two gaps of each pot feeder, the lower ends of the pot feeders are fixed on the pot feeding cross shafts below the auxiliary roller, the pot feeding connecting rods are fixed on the pot feeding cross shafts, the heads of the pot feeding connecting rods are connected with the heads of the pot feeding cylinders, the pot feeding cylinders are arranged beside the auxiliary roller, the pot pushing sides of the pot feeders in a standby state are close to the auxiliary roller and are positioned at the bottommost parts of the pot feeders, and the pot pushing sides of the pot feeders in a pot pushing state are far away from the auxiliary roller and are positioned at the opening parts of the pot feeders;

the electrical control system is arranged in an electrical control box at the front upper part of the machine and comprises a PLC control unit with a human-computer interface and related control components, the PLC control unit provides control instructions according to a preset program and realizes various controls through the related control components;

the walking system comprises a crawler and a walking mechanism thereof, the pressure of wheels on the ground can be reduced by adopting crawler walking, the walking system is suitable for various terrains, the vehicle body is stable, and a walking servo motor is responsible for walking, parking and turning of the whole machine according to control instructions;

the power source is arranged below the soil storage box and provides power for all cylinders, the motors and the related electric equipment.

The soil taking shovel is a metal bucket parallel to the ground, and can be lifted off the ground through a soil taking shovel lifting motor or lowered to the ground to shovel soil during working;

the stacked nutrition bowls are placed into the semicircular cylinders of the nutrition bowl storage device, the bowl openings are downward, so that the bowls can be conveniently taken, and the nutrition bowls cannot slide out because the diameter of the outlet of each semicircular cylinder is slightly smaller than the diameter of each nutrition bowl and the outlet of each semicircular cylinder is provided with an anti-slip burr;

the soil container is used for storing quantitative soil put in by the groove roller so as to be conveniently filled into the nutrition pot;

the pot holding device is of a cup-shaped three-piece split structure, and a gap is formed between every two pot holding devices, so that each pot holding device is provided with two longitudinal gaps;

the container is used for storing the nutrition pot placed by the silica gel fingers;

the soil container and the soil container can be detached and replaced from respective mounting plates to adapt to nutrition bowls with different sizes, and the soil container mounting plate can be detached and mounted on the main roller and the auxiliary roller respectively.

The number of the notches of the code wheel is equal to that of the grooves of the groove round roller;

the first soil storage amount sensor, the second soil storage amount sensor, the first soil separation amount sensor and the second soil separation amount sensor adopt RY-R1820 series capacitance type proximity switches;

the ascending sensor and the descending sensor adopt RF-1805N series inductive proximity switches;

the coded disc sensor adopts an LJ12A3-8 inductive proximity switch.

The utility model discloses an operating method, including following step:

a. starting and loading the equipment: the equipment is powered on and started, the initial state of each unit is confirmed, and the stacked nutrition pot openings are downwards placed into the semi-cylinders of the nutrition pot storage;

b. taking soil into a soil storage box: when the soil storage amount sensor II at the lower limit in the soil storage box judges that the soil storage amount in the soil storage box is too low, the soil taking shovel descends to the ground, the soil taking auger and the soil lifting auger rotate simultaneously, the soil taking auger continuously pushes the shoveled soil to the soil lifting auger, the soil lifting auger continuously lifts the soil into the soil storage box, and when the soil storage amount in the soil storage box reaches the upper limit, the soil storage amount sensor at the upper limit in the soil storage box sends a signal, and the soil taking auger and the soil lifting auger stop taking the soil;

c. conveying soil to a soil separating box: the soil storage auger pushes soil to one side connected with the soil delivery auger, when the soil separation box is judged to have no soil in the soil separation box by the lower limit soil separation sensor II in the soil separation box, the soil delivery auger rotates to deliver the soil in the soil storage box to the soil separation box until the soil separation sensor at the upper limit in the soil separation box sends a soil full signal to stop delivering the soil;

d. quantitatively soil splitting: when the soil distribution box is full of soil, the soil distribution auger rotates, the groove rolling motor drives the groove rolling and the coded disc to rotate, the coded disc rotates for a notch when the groove rolling rotates for a groove, the coded disc sensor is switched to count once, a switching signal is transmitted to the control system to calculate the number of soil-loading and soil-spreading bowls, when the groove of the groove rolling rotates to a soil outlet below the soil distribution box, soil enters the groove, and when the groove rolling rotates 180 degrees, the soil in the groove falls into the soil bin;

e. placing soil into a soil container: when the main roller and the soil dividing system receive a signal for allowing soil to be placed, the main roller rotates to a soil placing position, a row of soil placing devices needing soil placing are in a parallel state with an upward opening, the main roller rises to the upper edge of a rear plate of the main roller lifting frame and stops when approaching the rising position sensor, the soil placing devices are positioned below a soil bin of the soil dividing system, the soil retaining cylinder acts to enable the soil retaining plate to open the soil bin, soil falls into the soil placing devices, and the soil retaining plate is closed after the soil placing of the soil bin is finished;

f. taking and placing the pot: when the silica gel fingers are in a standby state, firstly, the large arm cylinder extends out, the large arm is driven by the large arm connecting rod to rotate clockwise and upwards by taking the large arm cross shaft as a rotating point, then the middle arm cylinder extends out, the middle arm is driven by the middle arm connecting rod to continue rotating clockwise and upwards by taking the middle arm connecting rod shaft as a rotating point to the lower part of the semi-cylinder of the nutrition pot storage, finally, the small arm cylinder extends out, the small arm connecting rod shaft is driven by the small arm connecting rod to rotate, so that the silica gel fingers are driven to be inserted into the lowest nutrition pot along the inclined direction of the semi-cylinder, at the moment, the middle arm cylinder retracts, the middle arm rotates downwards, the silica gel fingers utilize the friction force between the silica gel fingers and the inner wall of the nutrition pot to take out the lowest nutrition pot, meanwhile, the small arm cylinder retracts, the nutrition pot clamping plates on the silica gel fingers are close to the clamping plates, the, the large arm rotates anticlockwise until the mouth of the nutrition pot clamped by the silica gel fingers and the clamping plate faces downwards and is positioned above the pot holder on the auxiliary roller, the small arm cylinder extends out again to release the clamping state of the silica gel fingers and the clamping plate, and the loosened nutrition pot slides down into the pot holder by virtue of self weight;

g. sheathing and laying a pot: when the soil filling of the soil container on the main roller is finished, after the nutrition bowls are placed in the soil containers on the auxiliary roller, the main roller and the auxiliary roller rotate to the bowl sleeving working position through a servo motor according to a control command, at the moment, the soil containers on the auxiliary roller just aim at the soil containers on the main roller, the soil bowl feeding cylinder drives the soil bowl feeding devices to swing outwards through the soil bowl feeding connecting rods, the soil bowl feeding side of the soil bowl feeding device at the bottommost part of the soil bowl feeding device moves outwards from gaps of the soil bowl feeding devices, meanwhile, the nutrition bowls in each soil bowl feeding device are pushed out and just sleeved on the corresponding soil container, and the soil bowl feeding cylinder retracts to enable the soil bowl feeding devices to swing back to the standby position; then the main roller is driven to descend by a main roller lifting motor, when the main roller descends to a certain height away from the ground, the lower edge of the rear plate of the main roller lifting frame is close to a descending position sensor, the descending position sensor is lighted, the main roller stops descending and rotates for an angle, at the moment, the soil container sleeved with the soil container and filled with soil is perpendicular to the ground, the soil in the soil container flows into the soil container along the trend, the soil container filled with soil falls on the ground and is automatically laid in a row, then the main roller ascends to the upper edge of the rear plate of the main roller lifting frame to be close to an ascending position sensor, the ascending position sensor is stopped at a soil containing position when the ascending position sensor is lighted, so that soil filling and paving are completed at one time, the walking system walks for a certain distance according to control parameters, and the soil filling and.

The utility model discloses except that need the manual work to adorn the nutrition alms bowl in advance in the nutrition alms bowl memory, from getting soil, dividing soil, getting the alms bowl, putting the alms bowl, pushing away the alms bowl, covering alms bowl, dress soil and spread alms bowl and all realized accurate automation mechanized operation, complete machine reasonable in design, compact structure, job stabilization is reliable, and the cooperation is inseparable between each system, and each process links up accurately, can accomplish dress soil and spread alms bowl 12000 and 15000 every hour, is 15 times of 1 artifical every hour work load, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that, replace people's frock soil and spread alms bowl completely, degree of automation is high, can show improvement work efficiency, saves a large amount of manpowers, man-hour, and steady quality, therefore can better adapt to agricultural modernization demand, and application prospect is.

Drawings

Fig. 1A and 1B are schematic views of the whole device at two different angles according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a soil sampling shovel and a soil lifting auger;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a soil storage box and a soil storage auger;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a soil splitting system;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a prophy bowl reservoir;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the bowl-taking system, the left side plate of the support frame is not shown for the sake of completeness;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the bowl-removing system;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the main drum and soil container;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the auxiliary drum and the bowl feeding mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a view of the structure of the bowl;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of a bowl feeding mechanism.

The soil taking device comprises a soil taking shovel 101, a soil taking shovel lifting motor 102, a soil taking auger 103, a soil lifting auger 104, a soil conveying bucket 105, a soil storage box 106, a soil storage auger 107, a soil conveying auger 108, a first soil storage amount sensor 109-1 and a second soil storage amount sensor 109-2;

the soil separation device comprises a soil separation box 201, a soil separation auger 202, a groove round roller 203, a groove round roller motor 204, a coded disc 205, a soil bin 206, a soil retaining plate 207, a soil retaining plate cross shaft 208, a soil retaining cylinder 209, a rear auger motor 210, an auger connecting shaft rod 211, a first soil separation amount sensor 212-1, a second soil separation amount sensor 212-2 and a coded disc sensor 213;

a semi-cylinder 301 and a semi-cylinder bracket 302;

a large arm cylinder fixing frame 401, a large arm cylinder 402, a large arm transverse shaft 403, a large arm upper connecting rod shaft 404, a large arm 405, a large arm connecting rod 406, a large arm lower connecting rod shaft 407, a middle arm cylinder 408, a middle arm connecting rod shaft 409, a middle arm 410, a middle arm connecting rod 411, a small arm connecting rod shaft 412, a silica gel finger 413, a small arm 414, a small arm connecting rod 415, a small arm cylinder 416, a clamping plate 417 and a supporting frame 418;

a main drum 501, a main drum lifting motor 502, a soil container mounting plate 503, a soil container 504, an auxiliary drum 505, a soil container mounting plate 506, a soil container 507, a soil container 508, a soil container transverse shaft 509, a soil container feeding connecting rod 510, a soil container feeding cylinder 511, a main drum lifting frame 512, a lifting position sensor 513 and a descending position sensor 514;

an electric control box 601, a power source 602 and a walking system 603.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1A, fig. 1B-fig. 11, the fully automatic nutrition bowl paving machine includes a soil taking system, a soil separating system, a nutrition bowl storage, a soil taking system, a soil loading and paving system, an electrical control system, a traveling system and a power source:

the soil taking system comprises a soil taking shovel 101, a soil taking shovel lifting motor 102, a soil taking auger 103, a soil lifting auger 104, a soil conveying bucket 105, a soil storage box 106, a soil storage auger 107, two soil storage quantity sensors and a soil conveying auger 108, wherein the soil taking shovel 101 is arranged below the front end of the whole machine, the soil taking shovel 101 is connected with the soil taking shovel lifting motor 102 arranged on the front frame, the soil taking auger 103 is horizontally arranged in the soil taking shovel 101, the soil lifting auger 104 is vertically arranged at the rear outlet part of the soil taking shovel 101, the soil conveying bucket 105 is arranged at the upper end of the soil lifting auger 104, the soil storage box 106 is arranged behind the soil lifting auger 104, the soil inlet of the soil storage box 106 corresponds to the soil conveying bucket 105 at the upper part of the soil lifting auger 104, the soil storage auger 107 is arranged in the soil storage box 106, the two soil storage quantity sensors are a soil storage quantity sensor I109-1 and a soil storage quantity sensor II 109-2 respectively, and are respectively arranged at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the inner wall of the soil storage, the front part of the soil conveying auger 108 is connected with a soil outlet of the soil storage box 106;

the soil separating system is arranged at one side of the rear part of the soil conveying auger 108 and comprises a soil separating box 201, two soil separating quantity sensors, a soil separating auger 202, a groove round roller 203 with a plurality of grooves, a groove round roller motor 204, a code disc 205 with uniformly distributed notches, a code disc sensor 213, a soil bin 206, a soil retaining plate 207, a soil retaining plate cross shaft 208 and a soil retaining cylinder 209, wherein one side of the soil separating box 201 is provided with a soil inlet connected with the rear part of the soil conveying auger 108, the two soil separating quantity sensors are a first soil separating quantity sensor 212-1 and a second soil separating quantity sensor 212-2 which are respectively arranged at the upper limit and the lower limit of the inner wall of the soil separating box 201, the soil separating auger 202 is arranged in the soil separating box 201, the groove round roller 203 is arranged below a soil outlet in parallel, the groove round roller 203 is connected with the groove round roller motor 204 arranged at the rear part of the rack, the code disc 205 and the code disc 213 are arranged at the other end of the groove round roller, the coded disc sensor 213 is positioned on one radial side of the coded disc 205 and is opposite to the notch of the coded disc 205, a plurality of soil bins 206 are arranged below the groove roller 203 side by side, a retractable retaining plate 207 is arranged below each soil bin 206, all the retaining plates 207 are fixed on a retaining plate cross shaft 208, a retaining cylinder 209 is arranged on one side of the soil separating box 201, and the head of the retaining cylinder 209 is connected with the retaining plate cross shaft 208 through a connecting plate;

the soil taking auger 103 and the soil lifting auger 104 are connected with a front auger motor arranged at the front part of the frame through a transmission assembly (the front auger motor is not exposed at the front part of the frame, and cannot be seen in figures 1A and 1B, so that the front auger motor is not shown), the soil storage auger 107, the soil conveying auger 108 and the soil distributing auger 202 are connected with a rear auger motor 210 arranged at the rear part of the frame through transmission assemblies such as an auger connecting shaft rod 211, and the like, and the transmission assemblies such as the auger connecting shaft rod 211 transmit the power of the rear auger motor 210 to the soil storage auger 107, the soil conveying auger 108 and the soil distributing auger 202;

the soil separating auger 202 is used for uniformly dropping soil entering from one side of the soil separating box 201 on the whole groove roller 203 so as to ensure that the soil entering each soil bin 206 has the same amount;

the nutrition pot storage device is arranged above the soil separating box 201 and comprises a row of downward inclined semi-cylinders 301 and semi-cylinder brackets 302, and the number and the size of the semi-cylinders 301 are determined according to the size of the nutrition pot;

the soil-block taking system is arranged between the soil storing box 106 and the nutrition block storage, and comprises a support frame 418, a large arm cylinder fixing frame 401, a large arm cylinder 402, a large arm cross shaft 403, a large arm upper connecting rod shaft 404, a large arm 405, a large arm connecting rod 406, a large arm lower connecting rod shaft 407, a middle arm cylinder 408, a middle arm connecting rod shaft 409, a middle arm 410, a middle arm connecting rod 411, a small arm connecting rod shaft 412, a silica gel finger 413, a small arm 414, a small arm connecting rod 415, a small arm cylinder 416 and a splint 417, wherein the large arm cylinder fixing frame 401 on the support frame 418 is connected with the large arm cylinder 402, the large arm cross shaft and the large arm upper connecting rod shaft 404 are arranged in the middle of the support frame 418, a pair of large arms 405 are connected at two ends of the large arm cross shaft 403, the large arm connecting rod 406 is arranged on the large arm upper connecting rod shaft 404, the upper head of the large arm connecting rod 406 is connected with the head of the large arm cylinder 402, the lower head of the large, the upper part of one side big arm 405 is connected with a middle arm cylinder 408, the lower ends of the two big arms 405 are respectively connected with a middle arm 410 through a middle arm connecting rod shaft 409, the head of one middle arm 410 is fixed with a middle arm connecting rod 411, the middle arm connecting rod 411 is connected with the head of the middle arm cylinder 408, the waist parts of the two middle arms 410 are movably provided with a small arm connecting rod shaft 412, the small arm connecting rod shaft 412 is fixed with a plurality of small arms 414 with silica gel fingers 413, one end of the small arm connecting rod shaft 412 is fixed with a small arm connecting rod 415, the small arm cylinder 416 is arranged on the big arm lower connecting rod shaft 407, the head part of the small arm cylinder 416 is connected with the small arm connecting rod 415, and a plurality of clamping plates 417 corresponding to the small arms 414 and the silica gel fingers 413 are fixed on the bottom plates at the lower ends of;

the soil loading and pot spreading system comprises a main roller 501, a main roller lifting frame 512, a main roller lifting motor 502, a lifting sensor 513, a descending sensor 514, a soil container mounting plate 503, a soil container 504, a main roller servo motor, an auxiliary roller 505, a soil container mounting plate 506, a soil container 507, an auxiliary roller servo motor and a pot feeding mechanism, wherein the main roller 501 is arranged on the main roller lifting frame 512 and is positioned below a soil distribution system, the main roller lifting motor 502 is arranged on a rear rack and drives the main roller lifting frame to lift through a connecting rod, the lifting sensor 513 and the descending sensor 514 are respectively arranged at an upper limit point and a lower limit point on the rack and respectively correspond to the upper edge and the lower edge of a rear plate of the main roller lifting frame 512, the main roller 501 is a hexagonal roller, six soil container mounting plates 503 are respectively arranged on six sides of the main roller 501, and a row of soil bins 206 are arranged on each soil container mounting plate 503, The soil filling devices 504 are provided with the same number of semi-cylinders 301 and the soil filling devices 507, a main roller servo motor is arranged in the hollow part of the main roller 501, the auxiliary roller 505 is positioned in front of the main roller 501 below the soil taking system, the auxiliary roller 505 is a quadrilateral roller, the soil filling device mounting plates 506 are respectively arranged on four sides of the auxiliary roller 505, each soil filling device mounting plate 506 is provided with a row of soil filling devices 507, the soil filling device openings face outwards, and the auxiliary roller servo motor is arranged in the hollow part of the auxiliary roller 505;

the bowl feeding mechanism comprises a bowl feeder 508, a bowl feeding cross shaft 509, a bowl feeding connecting rod 510 and a bowl feeding cylinder 511, wherein the bowl feeder 508 is a fan-shaped annular body, surrounds the periphery of the secondary roller 505, and is inserted into gaps of two bowl holders 507 which are opposite to each other on the secondary roller 505, two bowl feeders 508 are inserted into two gaps of each bowl holder 507, the lower end of each bowl feeder 508 is fixed on the bowl feeding cross shaft 509 below the secondary roller 505, the bowl feeding connecting rod 510 is fixed on the bowl feeding cross shaft 509, the head of the bowl feeding connecting rod 510 is connected with the head of the bowl feeding cylinder 511, the bowl feeding cylinder 511 is arranged beside the secondary roller 505, the bowl pushing side of the bowl feeder 508 in a standby state is close to the secondary roller 505 and is positioned at the bottommost of the bowl holders 507, and the bowl pushing side of the bowl feeder 508 in a bowl pushing state is far away from the secondary roller 505 and is positioned at the opening of the bowl holders 507;

the electrical control system is arranged in an electrical control box 601 at the front upper part of the machine, and comprises a PLC control unit and related control components, wherein the PLC control unit is provided with a human-computer interface, and provides control instructions according to a preset program and realizes various controls through the related control components;

the traveling system 603 comprises a crawler and a traveling mechanism thereof, the pressure of wheels on the ground can be reduced by adopting the crawler for traveling, the vehicle is applicable to various terrains, the vehicle body is stable, and a traveling servo motor is responsible for traveling, parking and turning of the whole machine according to control instructions;

the power source 602 is disposed below the soil storage box 106 and provides power for all cylinders, motors and related and electric devices.

The soil taking shovel 101 is a metal bucket parallel to the ground, and can be lifted off the ground through the soil taking shovel lifting motor 102 or lowered to the ground to shovel soil during working;

the stacked nutrition bowls are placed into the semi-circular cylinder 301 of the nutrition bowl storage, the bowl openings are downward, so that the bowls can be conveniently taken by silica gel fingers, and the nutrition bowls cannot slide out due to the fact that the diameter of the outlet of the semi-circular cylinder 301 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the nutrition bowls and the anti-slip burrs are arranged at the outlet of the semi-circular cylinder 301;

the soil container 504 is used for storing quantitative soil put in by the groove roller 203 so as to be filled into a nutrition pot;

the pot holding devices 507 are cup-shaped three split structures, and a gap is formed between every two pot holding devices, so that each pot holding device 507 is provided with two longitudinal gaps;

the pot container 507 is used for storing a nutrition pot placed by a silica gel finger;

the soil container 504 and the soil container 507 can be detached and replaced from the respective mounting plates to adapt to nutrition bowls with different sizes, and the soil container mounting plate 503 and the soil container mounting plate 506 can be detached and mounted on the main roller 501 and the auxiliary roller 505 respectively;

the number of the notches of the code wheel 205 is equal to that of the grooves of the groove roller 203;

the soil storage amount sensor I109-1, the soil storage amount sensor II 109-2, the soil dividing amount sensor I212-1 and the soil dividing amount sensor II 212-2 adopt RY-R1820 series capacitance type proximity switches, the capacitance type proximity switches are used for material level automatic control, when the position of materials in the container changes, the capacitance between the sensor and the container also changes correspondingly, and accordingly a corresponding control signal is obtained through a conversion circuit, the utility model discloses just approach or leave the sensor according to the soil in the soil storage box or the soil dividing box to trigger the on and off of the circuit, and accordingly control a corresponding mechanism to carry out soil taking and supplying or stop soil taking and supplying operation;

the ascending sensor 513 and the descending sensor 514 adopt RF-1805N series inductive proximity switches, which utilize eddy current generated when a conductor approaches to cause the oscillation attenuation or stop oscillation of the sensor, and convert the eddy current into a switching signal to control the action of a corresponding mechanism, the utility model discloses a sensor that the upper edge or the lower edge of the rear plate of a main roller lifting frame approaches to the ascending position or the descending position respectively controls the main roller lifting motor 502, thereby realizing the ascending and descending positioning of the main roller 501;

the code wheel sensor 212 adopts an LJ12A3-8 inductive proximity switch, and the working principle is the same as that of the ascending sensor 513 or the descending sensor 514, so that the utility model discloses a number of soil loading and pot laying is calculated through the switch times of the sensor.

Example 2: the utility model discloses an operating method, including following step:

a. starting and loading the equipment: as shown in fig. 1A, 1B and 5, the device is powered on, the initial state of each unit is confirmed, and the stacked nutrition pot openings are downwards placed into a semi-cylinder 301 of the nutrition pot storage;

b. taking soil into a soil storage box: as shown in fig. 1A-4, when the soil taking shovel 101 judges that the soil storage amount in the soil storage box 106 is too low according to the second soil storage amount sensor 109-2 at the lower limit, the soil taking shovel 101 is driven by the second soil taking shovel lifting motor 102 to descend to the ground, the soil on the ground is shoveled along with the forward movement of the equipment, meanwhile, the soil taking auger 103 and the soil lifting auger 104 rotate, the soil taking auger 103 continuously pushes the shoveled soil to the soil lifting auger 104, the soil lifting auger 104 continuously lifts the soil, the soil flows into the soil storage box 106 from the soil conveying bucket 105, and when the soil storage amount in the soil storage box 106 reaches the upper limit, the first soil storage amount sensor 109-1 at the upper limit sends a signal, and the soil taking auger 103 and the soil lifting auger 104 stop rotating to take the soil;

c. conveying soil to a soil separating box: the soil storage auger 107 pushes soil to one side connected with the soil delivery auger 108, when the soil distribution sensor II 212-2 at the lower limit in the soil distribution box 201 judges that no soil exists in the soil distribution box 201, the soil delivery auger 108 rotates, the soil in the soil storage box 106 is delivered to the soil distribution box 201 until the soil distribution sensor I212-1 at the upper limit sends a soil full signal, the soil delivery auger 108 stops rotating, and soil delivery is stopped;

d. quantitatively soil splitting: as shown in fig. 4, when the soil distribution box 201 is full, the soil auger 202 rotates, the groove rolling motor 204 drives the groove rolling 203 and the coded disc 205 to rotate, the groove rolling 203 rotates one groove, the coded disc 205 rotates one gap, the coded disc sensor 213 is switched on and off once, namely, once, the switch signal is transmitted to the control system to calculate the soil loading amount in the nutrition pot, when the groove of the groove rolling 203 rotates to the soil outlet below the soil distribution box 201, soil enters the groove, when the groove rolling 203 rotates 180 degrees, the soil in the groove falls into the soil bin 206, and the control system instructs the groove rolling 203 to rotate different times according to the information set by the type of the nutrition pot and the required soil amount, so as to obtain a proper amount of soil from the soil distribution box 201 and place the soil in the soil bin 206;

e. placing soil into a soil container: as shown in fig. 4 and 8, when the main drum 501 and the soil dividing system receive a soil allowing signal, the main drum 501 rotates to a soil containing position, a row of soil containing devices 504 needing to contain soil are in a parallel state with an upward opening, the main drum lifting motor 502 drives the main drum lifting frame to move so that the main drum 501 is stopped when the main drum is lifted to the upper edge of the rear plate of the main drum lifting frame 512 and approaches to the lifting position sensor 513, the soil containing devices 504 are positioned below the soil bins 206 of the soil dividing system, then the soil retaining cylinders 209 move so that the soil retaining plates 207 open the soil bins 206, soil falls into the soil containing devices 504, and after the soil is completely contained in the soil bins 206, the soil retaining cylinders 209 move again so that the soil retaining plates 207 are closed, and the soil dividing and soil containing process is repeated in cooperation with the main drum 501;

f. taking and placing the pot: as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 9, when the silica gel finger 413 is in a standby state without a nutrition pot, firstly, the large arm cylinder 402 is extended, the large arm 405 is driven by the large arm connecting rod 406 to rotate clockwise and upwards by taking the large arm transverse shaft 403 as a rotation point, then the middle arm cylinder 408 is extended, the middle arm 410 is driven by the middle arm connecting rod 411 to rotate clockwise and continuously upwards to the lower part of the semi-cylinder 301 of the nutrition pot storage by taking the middle arm connecting rod shaft 409 as a rotation point, finally, the small arm cylinder 416 is extended, the small arm connecting rod shaft 412 is driven to rotate by the small arm connecting rod 415, so that the silica gel finger 413 is driven to be inserted into the lowest nutrition pot along the inclination direction of the semi-cylinder 301, at this time, the middle arm cylinder 408 is retracted, the middle arm 410 rotates downwards, so that the silica gel finger 413 takes out the lowest nutrition pot by using the friction force between the silica gel finger 413 and the inner wall of the nutrition pot, and the small arm cylinder 416, the nutrition pot is clamped by the matching of the silica gel finger 413 and the clamping plate 417 so as not to slide down, then the large arm cylinder 402 is retracted, the large arm 405 rotates anticlockwise until the mouth of the nutrition pot clamped by the silica gel finger 413 and the clamping plate 417 faces downwards and is positioned above the pot holder 507 on the auxiliary roller 505, after receiving a pot placing signal allowed by the auxiliary roller 505, the small arm cylinder 416 extends again, the clamping state of the silica gel finger 413 and the clamping plate 417 is released, the loosened nutrition pot slides down into the pot holder 507 by self weight, and with the reduction of the number of the nutrition pots in the semi-cylinder 301, the nutrition pot can automatically slide down to the lower end of the semi-cylinder 301 by virtue of the inclination angle and the self weight of the nutrition pot;

g. sheathing and laying a pot: as shown in fig. 8-11, after the soil containers 504 on the main drum 501 are filled with soil, and the soil containers are placed in the soil containers 507 on the secondary drum 505, the main drum 501 and the secondary drum 505 both rotate to a soil container sleeving working position through a servo motor according to a control command, at this time, the soil containers 507 on the secondary drum 505 are just aligned with the soil containers 504 on the main drum 501, the soil container feeding cylinder 511 drives the soil container feeding device 508 to swing outwards through the soil container feeding connecting rod 510, the soil container feeding side of the soil container feeding device 508 at the bottommost part of the soil containers 507 moves outwards from the gap of the soil containers 507, meanwhile, the soil containers in each soil container 507 are pushed out and just sleeved on the corresponding soil container 504, and the soil container feeding cylinder 511 retracts to enable the soil container feeding device 508 to swing back to the standby position; then the main roller 501 is driven by the main roller lifting motor 502 to descend, when the main roller is descended to a certain height from the ground, the lower edge of the rear plate of the main roller lifting frame 512 is close to the descending sensor 514, the descending sensor 514 is lighted, the main roller 501 stops descending and rotates for an angle, at this time, the soil container 504 which is sleeved with the soil container and is filled with soil is perpendicular to the ground, soil in the soil container 504 flows into the soil container along the same trend according to the gravity principle and the centrifugal force during rotation, the soil container filled with soil falls on the ground to be automatically laid in a row, then the main roller 501 ascends to the position that the upper edge of the rear plate of the main roller lifting frame 512 is close to the ascending sensor 513, the ascending sensor 513 is lighted to stop at the soil containing position, so that one-time soil filling and soil spreading are completed, then the walking system 603 walks for a certain distance according to control parameters, and the soil filling and soil.

Claims (6)

1. Full-automatic nutritive cube dress spreads machine, characterized by, including system of fetching earth, divide soil system, nutritive cube memory, system of fetching earth, dress soil and spread alms bowl system, electrical control system, traveling system and power supply:

the soil taking system comprises a soil taking shovel (101), a soil taking shovel lifting motor (102), a soil taking auger (103), a soil lifting auger (104), a soil conveying bucket (105), a soil storage box (106), a soil storage auger (107), two soil storage quantity sensors and a soil conveying auger (108), wherein the soil taking shovel (101) is arranged below the front end of the whole machine, the soil taking shovel (101) is connected with the soil taking shovel lifting motor (102) arranged on the front frame, the soil taking auger (103) is horizontally arranged in the soil taking shovel (101), the soil lifting auger (104) is vertically arranged at the outlet part at the rear part of the soil taking shovel (101), the soil conveying bucket (105) is arranged at the upper end of the soil lifting auger (104), the soil storage box (106) is arranged at the rear part of the soil lifting auger (104), the soil inlet of the soil storage box (106) corresponds to the soil conveying bucket (105) at the upper part of the soil lifting auger (104), and the soil storage auger (107) is arranged in the soil storage box (106), the two soil storage sensors are respectively a first soil storage sensor (109-1) and a second soil storage sensor (109-2) and are respectively arranged at the upper limit and the lower limit of the inner wall of the soil storage box (106), and the front part of the soil conveying auger (108) is connected with a soil outlet of the soil storage box (106);

the soil separating system is arranged on one side of the rear part of the soil conveying auger (108) and comprises a soil separating box (201), two soil separating quantity sensors, a soil separating auger (202), a groove round roller (203) with a plurality of grooves, a groove round roller motor (204), a code disc (205) with uniformly distributed notches, a code disc sensor (213), a soil bin (206), a soil retaining plate (207), a soil retaining plate cross shaft (208) and a soil retaining cylinder (209), wherein one side of the soil separating box (201) is provided with a soil inlet which is connected with the rear part of the soil conveying auger (108), the two soil separating quantity sensors are a first soil separating quantity sensor (212-1) and a second soil separating quantity sensor (212-2) which are respectively arranged at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the inner wall of the soil separating box (201), the soil separating auger (202) is arranged in the soil separating box (201), and the groove round roller (203) is arranged below the soil outlet below the soil separating box (201) in parallel, the groove roller (203) is connected with a groove roller motor (204) arranged at the rear part of the rack, the other end of the groove roller (203) is provided with a code disc (205) and a code disc sensor (213), the code disc sensor (213) is positioned at one side of the radial direction of the code disc (205) and is opposite to the gap of the code disc (205), a plurality of soil bins (206) are arranged below the groove roller (203) side by side, a soil retaining plate (207) capable of opening and closing is arranged below each soil bin (206), all the soil retaining plates (207) are fixed on a soil retaining plate cross shaft (208), a soil retaining cylinder (209) is arranged at one side of the soil separating box (201), and the head part of the soil retaining cylinder (209) is connected with the soil retaining plate cross shaft (208) through a connecting plate;

the soil taking auger (103) and the soil lifting auger (104) are connected with a front auger motor arranged at the front part of the frame through a transmission assembly, and the soil storing auger (107), the soil conveying auger (108) and the soil distributing auger (202) are connected with a rear auger motor (210) arranged at the rear part of the frame through transmission assemblies such as an auger connecting shaft rod (211);

the nutrition pot storage is arranged above the soil separating box (201) and comprises a row of semi-cylinders (301) inclining downwards and a semi-cylinder support (302);

the soil taking system is arranged between the soil storage box (106) and the nutrition soil storage device and comprises a support frame (418), a large arm cylinder fixing frame (401), a large arm cylinder (402), a large arm transverse shaft (403), a large arm upper connecting rod shaft (404), a large arm (405), a large arm connecting rod (406), a large arm lower connecting rod shaft (407), a middle arm cylinder (408), a middle arm connecting rod shaft (409), a middle arm (410), a middle arm connecting rod (411), a small arm connecting rod shaft (412), a silica gel finger (413), a small arm (414), a small arm connecting rod (415), a small arm cylinder (416) and a clamp plate (417), wherein the large arm cylinder fixing frame (401) on the support frame (418) is connected with the large arm cylinder (402), the large arm transverse shaft (403) and the large arm upper connecting rod shaft (404) are arranged in the middle of the support frame (418), a pair of large arms (405) is connected with two ends of the large arm transverse shaft (403), and a large arm connecting rod (, the upper head of a big arm connecting rod (406) is connected with the head of a big arm cylinder (402), the lower head of the big arm connecting rod (406) is connected with a beam in the middle of two big arms (405) through a big arm lower connecting rod shaft (407), the upper part of one side big arm (405) is connected with a middle arm cylinder (408), the lower heads of the two big arms (405) are respectively connected with a middle arm (410) through a middle arm connecting rod shaft (409), the head of one middle arm (410) is fixed with a middle arm connecting rod (411), the middle arm connecting rod (411) is connected with the head of the middle arm cylinder (408), the waist parts of the two middle arms (410) are movably provided with a small arm connecting rod shaft (412), a plurality of small arms (414) with silica gel fingers (413) are fixed on the small arm connecting rod shaft (412), one end of the small arm connecting rod shaft (412) is fixed with a small arm connecting rod (415), the small arm cylinder (416) is arranged on the big arm lower connecting rod shaft (407), and the head of the small arm cylinder (416) is connected with a small arm connecting, a plurality of splints (417) corresponding to the small arms (414) and the silica gel fingers (413) are fixed on the bottom plates at the lower ends of the two middle arms (410);

the soil loading and pot spreading system comprises a main roller (501), a main roller lifting frame (512), a main roller lifting motor (502), a lifting position sensor (513), a descending position sensor (514), a soil container mounting plate (503), a soil container (504), a main roller servo motor, an auxiliary roller (505), a soil container mounting plate (506), a soil container (507), an auxiliary roller servo motor and a soil feeding mechanism, wherein the main roller (501) is arranged on the main roller lifting frame (512) and is positioned below the soil separating system, the main roller lifting motor (502) is arranged on a rear rack and drives the main roller lifting frame to lift through a connecting rod, the lifting position sensor (513) and the descending position sensor (514) are respectively arranged at corresponding limit points on the rack and respectively correspond to the upper edge and the lower edge of a rear plate roller of the main lifting frame (512), the main roller (501) is a hexagonal roller, six soil container mounting plates (503) are respectively arranged on six sides of the main roller (501), each soil container mounting plate (503) is provided with a row of soil containers (504) with the same number as the soil bin (206), the semi-cylinders (301) and the soil containers (507), the hollow part of the main roller (501) is provided with a main roller servo motor, the auxiliary roller (505) is positioned in front of the main roller (501) below the soil taking system, the auxiliary roller (505) is a quadrangular roller, the four sides of the auxiliary roller (505) are respectively provided with the soil container mounting plates (506), each soil container mounting plate (506) is provided with a row of soil containers (507) with the soil container opening facing outwards, and the hollow part of the auxiliary roller (505) is provided with an auxiliary roller servo motor;

the bowl feeding mechanism comprises a bowl feeding device (508), a bowl feeding transverse shaft (509), a bowl feeding connecting rod (510) and a bowl feeding cylinder (511), the bowl feeding device (508) is a fan-shaped annular body and surrounds the periphery of the auxiliary roller (505), and is inserted into the gap of the bowl holding devices (507) which are arranged on the auxiliary roller (505) in a pairwise back way, two bowl feeders (508) are inserted into two gaps of each bowl feeder (507), the lower end of each bowl feeder (508) is fixed on a bowl feeding transverse shaft (509) below a secondary drum (505), a bowl feeding connecting rod (510) is fixed on the bowl feeding transverse shaft (509), the head part of the bowl feeding connecting rod (510) is connected with the head part of a bowl feeding cylinder (511), the bowl feeding cylinder (511) is arranged beside the secondary drum (505), the bowl pushing side of the bowl feeder (508) in a standby state is close to the secondary drum (505) and is positioned at the bottommost part of the bowl feeder (507), and the bowl pushing side of the bowl feeder (508) in a bowl pushing state is far away from the secondary drum (505) and is positioned at the opening part of the bowl feeder (507);

the electric control system is arranged in an electric control box (601) at the upper part in front of the machine and comprises a PLC control unit with a human-computer interface and related control components;

the walking system (603) comprises a crawler and a walking mechanism thereof, and the power source (602) is arranged below the soil storage box (106).

2. The fully automatic nutrition bowl paving machine according to claim 1, wherein the earth shovel (101) is a metal bucket parallel to the ground.

3. The full-automatic feeding block paving machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stacked feeding blocks are placed in a semi-cylinder (301) of the feeding block storage, the block opening faces downwards, the diameter of an outlet of the semi-cylinder (301) is slightly smaller than the caliber of the feeding block, and anti-falling burrs are arranged at the outlet of the semi-cylinder (301).

4. The fully automatic nutrition pot paving machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pot holder (507) is a cup-shaped three-piece structure, and a gap is formed between every two blocks, so that each pot holder (507) has two longitudinal gaps.

5. The fully automatic nutrition pot paving machine according to claim 1, wherein the soil container (504) and the soil container (507) can be detached and replaced from their respective mounting plates, and the soil container mounting plate (503) and the soil container mounting plate (506) can be detached and installed on the main drum (501) and the auxiliary drum (505), respectively.

6. The fully automatic nutrition bowl paving machine according to claim 1, wherein the number of the notches of the code disc (205) is equal to the number of the grooves of the groove roller (203).

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