CN212658212U - Measuring system for axial deformation of tunnel - Google Patents
Measuring system for axial deformation of tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN212658212U CN212658212U CN202022196648.4U CN202022196648U CN212658212U CN 212658212 U CN212658212 U CN 212658212U CN 202022196648 U CN202022196648 U CN 202022196648U CN 212658212 U CN212658212 U CN 212658212U
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- tunnel
- reflector
- measuring
- rotating shaft
- axial deformation
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Abstract
The utility model provides a pair of measuring system of tunnel axial deflection, include two reflectors that set up along tunnel axial interval, two reflectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular with the axial in tunnel, upper end and the lower extreme at the reflector set up laser reflector and photoelectric display panel, the tube bank of laser emitter transmission shines on photoelectric display panel through multiple reflection, and then according to the distance between the formation of image position of light spot and the starting point of light source, and the quantity of the refraction line of light beam, and the reflection angle of light, be equivalent for triangle-shaped and then calculate the axial deflection in tunnel with the light path, the device simple structure, the operation of being convenient for, utilize the light beam line as calculation parameter simultaneously, the measurement accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tunnel construction field specifically is a measurement system of tunnel axial deflection.
Background
The tunnel is an engineering building buried in the ground, is a form of using underground space by human beings, and in order to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel, people need to perform safety detection on the tunnel regularly, wherein whether cracks exist on the wall of the tunnel is judged, and the deformation of the tunnel in the axial direction is detected.
The subway tunnel crack is monitored, a vibrating wire type sensor and resistance strain are adopted at present, the deformation of the tunnel can be identified only by converting data measured by the equipment, the data processing is complex, and the precision is difficult. If the optical fiber sensor monitoring technology is adopted, the method has the defects of high cost and limited elongation of a sensing system.
In view of the above problems, it is necessary to design a new measurement system to achieve fast and accurate detection of tunnel deformation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the problem that exists among the prior art, the utility model provides a measuring system of tunnel axial deflection adopts the optics principle to measure the axial deflection in tunnel, improves measurement of efficiency and precision.
The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
a system for measuring the axial deformation of a tunnel comprises a laser emitter, a photoelectric display panel and two reflecting plates which are arranged at intervals along the axis of the tunnel, wherein the two reflecting plates are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel and are vertical to the axis of the tunnel, and the axis is a straight line;
the laser emitter and the photoelectric display panel are arranged on one of the light reflecting plates or are respectively arranged on the two light reflecting plates, the laser emitter and the photoelectric display panel are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the light reflecting plates, and light beams emitted by the laser emitter can irradiate on the photoelectric display panel after being reflected for multiple times.
Preferably, the reflector is connected with the base through an adjusting device, the base is fixed on the side wall of the tunnel, and the adjusting device is used for adjusting the angle of the reflector.
Preferably, the reflecting plate is fixedly connected to the guard plate, and the guard plate is connected with the base through the adjusting device.
Preferably, the adjusting device comprises a shaft sleeve, a rotating shaft and a locking device, the shaft sleeve is arranged on the side wall of the protective plate and extends towards one side of the base, the rotating shaft is arranged on the base, the end part of the rotating shaft is assembled in the shaft sleeve, and the locking device is used for limiting the rotating direction of the shaft sleeve.
Preferably, the locking device is a nut, the shaft sleeve is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft, and the nut is arranged on the rotating shaft.
Preferably, a supporting device is arranged between the guard plate and the base and comprises a supporting rod and a sliding chute;
the supporting rod is arranged in parallel with the rotating shaft, one end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the protective plate, the sliding groove is formed in the surface of the bottom plate, and the end portion of the supporting rod is assembled in the sliding groove and can move along the sliding groove.
Preferably, the sliding groove is an arc-shaped groove, and the circle center of the sliding groove is concentric with the rotating shaft.
Preferably, the end of the support rod is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is positioned in the sliding groove.
Preferably, a calibration point is arranged on the reflector plate opposite to the laser emitter, and the laser beam irradiates on the calibration point and is used for calibrating the parallelism of the two reflectors.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following profitable technological effect has:
the utility model provides a pair of measuring system of tunnel axial deflection, include two reflectors that set up along tunnel axial interval, two reflectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular with the axial in tunnel, upper end and the lower extreme at the reflector set up laser reflector and photoelectric display panel, the tube bank of laser emitter transmission shines on photoelectric display panel through multiple reflection, and then according to the distance between the formation of image position of light spot and the starting point of light source, and the quantity of the refraction line of light beam, and the reflection angle of light, be equivalent for triangle-shaped and then calculate the axial deflection in tunnel with the light path, the device simple structure, the operation of being convenient for, utilize the light beam line as calculation parameter simultaneously, the measurement accuracy is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the measuring system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of the measuring system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a side view of the measuring system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a side view of the guard plate of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a front view of the bottom plate of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a guard plate; 2. a reflector; 3. an electro-optical display panel; 4. a laser transmitter; 5. a base; 6. a support bar; 7. a bearing; 8. a shaft sleeve; 9. a rotating shaft; 10. and locking the nut.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a system for measuring the axial deformation of a tunnel comprises a laser emitter 4, a photoelectric display panel 3, two reflectors arranged at intervals along the axis of the tunnel, wherein the two reflectors are symmetrically arranged and perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel, and the axis is a straight line;
the laser emitter 4 and the photoelectric display panel 3 are arranged on one of the light reflecting plates 2 or are respectively arranged on the two light reflecting plates 2, the laser emitter 4 and the photoelectric display panel 3 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the light reflecting plates, and light beams emitted by the laser emitter 4 can irradiate on the photoelectric display panel 3 after being reflected for multiple times.
Above-mentioned reflector panel 2 passes through base 5 fixed suspension on the lateral wall in tunnel, sets up the angle of being convenient for adjust the reflector panel through hanging, simultaneously because the reflector panel adopts for the easy damage of glass material, is unfavorable for hanging the installation simultaneously, the reflector panel is fixed on the backplate, and backplate 1 is connected with base 5.
Specifically, the base 5 is fixed on the side wall of the tunnel, the guard plate 1 is connected with the base through an adjusting device, and the adjusting device is used for controlling the light reflection angle of the reflector 2.
The adjusting device comprises a shaft sleeve 8, a rotating shaft 9 and a locking device, wherein the shaft sleeve 8 is arranged on the side wall of the protective plate 1 and is extended towards one side of the base, the rotating shaft is arranged at the center of the base, the end part of the rotating shaft is assembled in the shaft sleeve 8, the shaft sleeve is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft, and the locking device is used for limiting the circumference of the shaft sleeve, namely positioning the angle of the reflector.
The locking device is a locking nut 10 which is sleeved on the rotating shaft 9, and after the angle adjustment of the reflector is completed, the locking nut is rotated to enable the locking nut to be abutted against the end part of the shaft sleeve, so that the circumferential positioning of the shaft sleeve can be realized.
In another embodiment, the locking device is a jackscrew which is arranged on the shaft sleeve, and when the shaft sleeve is circumferentially positioned, the jackscrew is rotated to enable the end part of the jackscrew to penetrate through the shaft sleeve to abut against the rotating shaft, so that the circumferential positioning of the shaft sleeve is completed.
Similarly, the shaft sleeve and the rotating shaft can be arranged in a transposition mode, the shaft sleeve is arranged in the center of the bottom plate, and the rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the side wall of the guard plate.
Further, still be provided with strutting arrangement between backplate and base for provide the stability of reflector panel, strutting arrangement includes bracing piece 6 and bearing 7, bracing piece and pivot parallel arrangement, the one end and the backplate rigid coupling of bracing piece, bearing 7 set up the other end at the bracing piece, just right surface with the backplate on the base is provided with the spout, and the bearing is assembled in the spout, and when adjusting the reflector panel angle, the bearing can slide in the spout, the spout is the arc wall, and the backplate passes through the backup pad to be supported on the spout of base, will alleviate the atress of pivot greatly, makes the regulation of reflector panel more convenient.
The guard plate is provided with a plurality of supporting devices, preferably two supporting devices, which are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the guard plate.
The laser emitter 4 and the photoelectric display panel 3 are arranged on the same reflector, the photoelectric display panel is positioned at the top of the reflector 2 and fixed on the guard plate, and the laser reflector is positioned at the bottom of the reflector and also connected with the guard plate.
The laser emitter 4 comprises a shell and a rotatable light source arranged in the shell, wherein an index plate is arranged on the surface of the shell, the index plate is transparent, the light source is connected with an adjusting handle, the handle extends out of the shell, and the emitting angle of the light source can be adjusted by rotating the handle.
The reflector plate right opposite to the laser emitter 4 is provided with a calibration point, and the two reflector plates are parallel to each other when the laser beam irradiates on the calibration point.
Preferably, the base has a width equal to the total width of the guard plate and the reflector plate, and the width is a dimension along the extension direction of the tunnel.
And the scale marks are arranged on the scale plate from bottom to top and used for observing the position of the received laser point.
The following is to the description that the utility model provides a measurement system's of tunnel axial deflection description goes on, it needs to explain that, when this measurement system measures the deflection, need use the axial data when the tunnel is undeformed, consequently need establish two at least mark measuring points after the tunnel is built to record the distance between two mark measuring points.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, after the tunnel construction is finished, a plurality of mark points are engraved on the side wall of the tunnel at intervals of fixed distances along the axial direction of the tunnel, and the mark points are linearly arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel.
And 2, after the tunnel is put into use for a long time and the inner wall of the tunnel cracks, selecting two nearest mark points on two sides of the crack position, respectively installing a base at the two mark points, and installing a guard plate with a reflector on the base to ensure that the reflector is vertical to the axial direction of the tunnel and the surface of the reflector is parallel to the mark points.
In the installation process, the angle of the protective plate is adjusted through the adjusting rotating shaft, so that the angle of the reflector is adjusted, and the reflector is perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel.
Adjusting the reflector to be vertically arranged with the axial direction of the tunnel: the guard plate rotates around the middle rotating shaft, and the combined laser level meter is combined to observe until the reflecting mirror is axially vertical to the tunnel.
And 3, verifying that the two plane reflectors are kept parallel, adjusting the emission angle of the laser emitter to be 0, enabling the emitted light to be perpendicular to the reflecting mirror, starting the laser emitter to emit laser, and enabling the two reflectors to be parallel if the light beam irradiates on a calibration point facing the reflectors.
Because the two reflectors are parallel, the reflected light and the incident light are superposed, the laser returns to the original path, and the light spot at the tail end is not present on the plate, so that the left and right plane reflectors can be proved to be parallel as long as the light spot is not present on the photoelectric display plate.
And 4, adjusting the emission angle of the laser emitter, emitting laser to the opposite reflection plate, and irradiating the laser on the photoelectric display panel after multiple reflections.
The range of the emission angle theta is 0 degree < theta < 90 degrees.
And 5, acquiring the quantity n of light rays which are turned back between two planes from the emission of the laser to the irradiation of the laser on the photoelectric display panel in the stage, the height H2 of the light spot display panel, the emission angle theta of the laser and the initial distance L of two mark points, and calculating the axial deformation amount L according to the acquired parameters.
The original light path is equivalent to a right triangle according to the imaging characteristics of the plane reflector:
as long as a light spot appears on the electro-optical display panel, there must be:
according to mathematical relations
Solution to obtain
Wherein, DeltaL is the side length of the laser emitter, H1 is the height of a reflector on the same guard plate with the laser emitter, the height H2 of the light spot display panel, H is the scale of the light spot on the light spot display panel, and the 0 scale of the light spot display panel is positioned at the splicing part of the light spot display panel and the reflector.
The following is to the utility model discloses a measurement of measuring system's of tunnel axial deflection measuring method's measurement result carries out the analysis.
By
The errors contained in the measurement by the system and the method are known to be two, namely the reading error of h from manual work, and the error caused by rounding in scientific calculation is difficult to avoid, but the errors caused by the reading error can be reduced in an effort, and the specific analysis is as follows
Two sides are led to l and simplified
Because dh can not be effectively reduced within a certain range due to the natural defect of manual reading, in order to reduce dl as much as possible, only the increase of ntan theta is expected, so that the measurement accuracy can be effectively improved.
According to the expression
It is known that θ is inversely related to n.
The practical guiding meaning of the method comprises the following steps: the distance H1 from the lower edge line of the guard plate to the intersection line of the right plane mirror and the photoelectric display panel is increased as much as possible during the manufacturing of the equipment; when the bonding position of the base plates is selected, the distance between the left and right base plates is appropriately reduced, thereby reducing the distance L between the two plane mirrors. When the equipment is manufactured and the position of the mark point of the inner wall of the tunnel is determined, H1, H2, delta L and L are all determined values, and theta is in negative correlation with n, and every theta is determined during actual measurement according to the expression
Can obtain uniquely determined n value, and can adjust high precision angle in actual measurementThe angle theta of the measuring head is used for controlling the ntan theta to be maximized, so that the theta range when the accuracy reaches the maximum value under the allowable condition is searched, and the method has more practical and important significance for improving the measurement accuracy. The following are experiments designed for this purpose and some of the data obtained:
from the data in the table, one can see: when the laser emission angle θ is 19 ° under the conditions that Δ L is 100, H1 is 600mm, H2 is 100mm, and L is 1mm, and L is 200mm, ntan θ is 3.44 at maximum. The set of measuring device is used for amplifying the tiny axial deformation of the tunnel to be a plurality of times of the deformation in the radial direction by means of the core idea of a tiny amplification method, so that large errors caused by manual reading in the measuring process are reduced.
Compared with the traditional laser direct distance measurement, the method has the advantages that due to the fact that the certain angle theta exists during laser emission, light can be reflected in the two plane reflectors for dozens of or even hundreds of times, and errors caused by final manual reading can be correspondingly eliminated. Besides, the device can be fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel without being detached all the time, and dynamic measurement of the axial deformation of the tunnel is realized through relevant calculation by observing the position movement of the light spot on the light spot display plate.
The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel is characterized by comprising a laser emitter (4), a photoelectric display panel (3) and two reflecting plates which are arranged at intervals along the axis of the tunnel, wherein the two reflecting plates are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel and are vertical to the axis of the tunnel, and the axis is a straight line;
the laser emitter (4) and the photoelectric display panel (3) are arranged on one of the light reflecting plates (2) or are respectively arranged on the two light reflecting plates (2), the laser emitter (4) and the photoelectric display panel (3) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each light reflecting plate, and light beams emitted by the laser emitter (4) can be irradiated on the photoelectric display panel (3) after being reflected for multiple times.
2. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the reflector (2) is connected with a base (5) through an adjusting device, the base is fixed on the side wall of the tunnel, and the adjusting device is used for adjusting the angle of the reflector.
3. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the reflector is fixedly connected to the guard plate (1), and the guard plate is connected with the base through the adjusting device.
4. A tunnel axial deformation measuring system according to claim 3, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises a shaft sleeve (8), a rotating shaft (9) and a locking device, the shaft sleeve (8) is arranged on the side wall of the protective plate (1) and extends to one side of the base, the rotating shaft is arranged on the base, the end part of the rotating shaft is assembled in the shaft sleeve (8), and the locking device is used for limiting the rotating direction of the shaft sleeve.
5. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the locking device is a nut, the shaft sleeve is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft, and the nut is arranged on the rotating shaft.
6. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel according to claim 3, wherein a supporting device is arranged between the guard plate and the base, and comprises a supporting rod (6) and a sliding chute;
the support rod (6) is arranged in parallel with the rotating shaft, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the guard plate, the sliding groove is formed in the surface of the bottom plate, and the end part of the support rod is assembled in the sliding groove and can move along the sliding groove.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the sliding slot is an arc-shaped slot, and the center of the arc-shaped slot is concentric with the rotating shaft.
8. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the end of the support rod is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is positioned in the sliding groove.
9. The system for measuring the axial deformation of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein a calibration point is arranged on the reflector plate opposite to the laser emitter (4), and the laser beam irradiates on the calibration point to calibrate the parallelism of the two reflectors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022196648.4U CN212658212U (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Measuring system for axial deformation of tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022196648.4U CN212658212U (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Measuring system for axial deformation of tunnel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN212658212U true CN212658212U (en) | 2021-03-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202022196648.4U Active CN212658212U (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Measuring system for axial deformation of tunnel |
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| CN (1) | CN212658212U (en) |
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- 2020-09-29 CN CN202022196648.4U patent/CN212658212U/en active Active
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