CN212013515U - Salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine region - Google Patents
Salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a salix integra shrub planting system in desertification soil of alpine regions. The utility model provides a salix chinensis shrub planting system of desertification soil in alpine grasses, the salix chinensis shrub planting row of desertification soil is provided with a planting sample prescription, the planting sample prescription is taken as the central original point, a circular land parcel with the radius of 0.1-0.2m is arranged, and a fertilizing layer (1) formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land parcel from the top to the bottom of the earth surface by 0-30 cm; the salix purpurea shrubs (2) are planted in the center of the planting sample from the ground surface to the top of 20-30 cm; and a sand-stone pile (3) with the thickness of 3-5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub (2). The utility model provides a solve the desertification soil fertility barren in the severe cold district in northwest of Sichuan, leak fertile and organic material and put in difficult problem.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a soil cultivation fertilization technical field, in particular to salix integra shrub planting system in desertification soil of alpine regions.
Background
The alpine regions in northwest of Sichuan are in Yangtze river and yellow river source regions, the altitude is more than 3600m, the annual average temperature is 0.9 ℃, and the climate conditions are variable, so that the ecological environment is a typical fragile region. Over the years, due to the influence of natural and human factors, the ecological environment of the grassland in northwest of Sichuan is seriously damaged, the phenomena of vegetation degradation and grassland desertification are increasingly serious, and importantly, the desertification of the grassland can cause the loss of soil nutrients and damage the soil structure, so that the content of soil sand grains is increased, and the ecological barrier construction at the upstream of Yangtze river and yellow river and the economic and social development of national regions are seriously influenced. In recent years, the desertification land expansion situation is restrained due to the implementation of desertification control engineering and ecological protection engineering, but the desertification of the alpine grasses in northwest of Sichuan is still in an expansion stage, and the desertification area of the grasslands reaches 95.38 multiplied by 10 by 95 by the estimated area in 20204hm2. Therefore, the research on the desertification process of the desertification grassland in the area is strengthened, the desertification grassland treatment work is developed, and the ecological environment is recovered, which is an urgent problem to be solved.
At present, the research on the grassland desertification in the area is mostly focused on 2 aspects of influencing factors and treatment measures, the research on the grassland desertification succession process is generally only carried out from vegetation, soil or other single aspects, but the effect of improving the soil fertility by adopting a single herbaceous desertification control mode is smaller. In addition, in recent years, with the implementation of large-scale ecological construction projects, the grassland desertification control in the area has achieved certain effect, but the trend of land desertification and desertification development is not completely inhibited, so that the research and control work of desertification land in the area is still required to be further strengthened. The desertification grassland treatment is mainly characterized in that the soil production and the ecological capability are recovered, the normal growth of vegetation is the key for recovering the ecological capability of the soil, but the normal growth of vegetation depends on the nutrient content in the soil, the effect in a short period is obvious when the decomposed cattle and sheep manure is used for fertilizing, but the long-term effect is limited, the manure fertilizing in northwest Sichuan areas is mainly yak manure, the problems that the large amount of manure is difficult to collect and disperse and collect exist, and the crop straw fertilizing is a long-term effective fertilizing mode for desertification soil.
Disclosure of Invention
To the not enough in field, the utility model provides a collect sand fixation, water retention, heat, fertilize in husky soil improvement system of an organic whole: the sandy soil structure is improved by covering and combining the straw particles with sand. The desertification control mode combining the desertification soil fertility improvement and the planting of the sand-fixing shrubs is more beneficial to the restoration of the desertification soil fertility.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil.
The utility model provides a salix purpurea shrub planting system of desertification soil, the salix purpurea shrub of desertification soil is planted and is arranged with planting the style of calligraphy in a row, regard said planting the style of calligraphy as the central original point, there is a round plot of radius 0.1-0.2m, from the top-down 0-30cm of earth's surface in the said round plot have straw granule and soil mixed to build up fertile layer 1; the salix purpurea shrub 2 is planted in the center of the planting sample prescription from the ground surface to the top of 20-30 cm; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 3-5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2.
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws, 10-18 parts of urea and a proper amount of water; the water content of the straw particles is 15-25%.
The crop straw is rice straw, corn straw and/or wheat straw.
The row spacing of the planting rows of the salix integra shrubs is 2-4m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer.
The area of the gravel pile and the area of the compost layer are both 3.14 x (0.25-0.64) m2。
The mechanism of the utility model for improving desertification soil is: (1) the sand and stone cover plays roles in fixing sand, increasing temperature, promoting the upward movement of deep water and increasing the water on the surface layer; (2) the circular pile design can reduce the waste of sand; (3) the planting of the salix purpurea shrubs can play a role in sand fixation and can also improve the carbon and nitrogen supply condition of sand soil and the internal structure of the soil; (4) the straw particles are uniformly mixed with the soil with the thickness of 0-30cm, so that the soil structure and the soil fertility are improved, and the duration is long; (5) the straw particles decompose long-chain macromolecules, namely crude protein and cellulose, into micromolecules in the expansion process until the micromolecules are degraded into amino acid and glucose, so that the amino acid and the glucose can be directly absorbed by plants; (6) the salix purpurea shrubs are fertilized in combination with straw particles to cover sand and stone, so that the restoration of the fertility of desertified soil is facilitated.
Drawings
For purposes of illustration and not limitation, the present invention will now be described in accordance with its preferred embodiments, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a salix integra shrub planting system in desertification soil; wherein 1-a compost layer, 2-salix purpurea shrubs and 3-a sandstone heap.
Detailed Description
The urea used in the following examples was commercially available.
Embodiment 1. Salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine region
High-cold grass land desertification soil pasture planting system
As shown in fig. 1, a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine regions is characterized in that a planting sample is arranged in salix purpurea shrub planting rows in desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.15m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central origin, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom by 0-30cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrub 2 is planted in the center of the planting sample prescription from the ground surface to the top by 30 cm; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2. The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer and is 3.14 multiplied by 0.25m2。
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1000kg of crushed crop straws, 13kg of urea and a proper amount of water are air-dried; the water content of the straw particles is 15%.
Second, desertification soil pasture planting method
1. Preparing straw particles, comprising the following steps:
(1) drying the rice straws in the air;
(2) crushing rice straws, wherein the length of the crushed rice straws is 8mm, and obtaining air-dried crushed rice straws;
(3) adding 13kg of urea into every 1000kg of air-dried and crushed rice straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly stirring the urea and the dry and crushed crop straws;
(4) before being extruded into granules, the crushed straws can be added with a proper amount of water according to the requirement and stirred uniformly, and the water content is 15 percent;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, the diameter of the processed straw particles is 10mm, the surfaces of the processed particles are smooth and clean, the hardness is moderate, and the sizes of the processed particles are consistent.
2. The utility model discloses a desertification soil forage grass planting method, including following step:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.15m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an origin; uniformly mixing soil with a soil layer with the depth of 0-30cm in the round land with straw particles, wherein the using amount of the straw particles in each pit is 1.5 kg, so as to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 30cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of sand-stone piles with the thickness of 5cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The small salix caput bush is planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in Hongyuan county of red county, Abaca, Sichuan province (31 degrees, 50 degrees, 33 degrees, 22 'N degrees, 101 degrees, 51 degrees, 103 degrees, 23' E degrees), and as the tree is newly planted, the tree is pruned before planting to ensure that certain branches and leaves are properly removed before planting, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the water metabolism balance of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is kept, the tree is favorable for survival, and the growth is recovered as soon as possible. Digging a pit with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 30cm by using a shovel before planting, planting salix purpurea, wherein the row spacing is 3m, and the plant spacing is 2m, then uniformly mixing straw particles and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the pit, and covering a sandstone layer on the ground surface. After the salix purpurea is planted, weeding and loosening soil are arranged in due time according to conditions, weeds are removed, transportation is cleared, the occurrence rule of plant diseases and insect pests needs to be mastered, prediction and forecast of the plant diseases and insect pests are made in time, a specially-assigned person is arranged to carry out patrol, maintenance and supervision, and diseases, water shortage, deflection and the like of trees are discovered and treated in time.
Setting comparison:
(1) the contrast of the conventional planting method of the local salix purpurea shrubs is as follows:
the difference between the conventional planting method and the method of the utility model is that: and (3) putting the yak excrement on the surface layer of the sandy soil after the salix integra is planted, and not covering the sandy stone layer. The amount of dry yak dung for planting each rose willow is 0.5 kg.
Thirdly, the effect of the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment is as follows:
1. the planting system for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content: as can be seen from table 1, compared with the local plantation of rose willow shrub, the utility model discloses the soil water content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content have been showing to be improved, and have improved 35.17%, 11.25%, 141.67%, 291.67%, 124.69%, 70.22% and 305.13% respectively.
TABLE 1 comparison of the nutrient content of the present invention with that of the locally planted Salix purpurea shrubs
2. The salix integra shrub planting system for the desertification soil can improve the activity of soil enzymes: compared with the salix purpurea shrub planted locally, the utility model obviously improves the activity of urease, sucrase and cellulase, and respectively improves 74.13%, 125.00% and 134.78%.
TABLE 2 comparison of enzyme activity of the present invention with that of the locally planted Salix purpurea shrubs
The method for measuring the water content of the soil is a drying method;
the soil temperature measuring method is a geothermometer measuring method;
the method for measuring the total nitrogen of the soil is a Kjeldahl method;
the method for measuring the carbon/nitrogen content of the soil microorganisms comprises the following steps: microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen (MBN) were fumigated with chloroform to 0.5mol L-1And (4) extracting potassium sulfate. Culturing fresh soil with water content of 10-20% for 7d, weighing 3 parts, fumigating with chloroform, weighing 3 parts, non-fumigating, taking out after 24 hr, removing chloroform from fumigated soil sample, and collecting all samples with 40ml of 0.5mol L-1K2SO4The solution was filtered after shaking for 30min, and Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) was 5ml of the filtrate was taken up, and then measured by potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen (MBN) was 20ml of the filtrate was taken up, and measured by total nitrogen method, and soil Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen (MBN) per kg of dry soil were calculated.
The utility model discloses the adopted soil sample of survey soil enzyme activity is the air-dried soil sample of crossing 1mm sieve. The soil sucrase activity is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, and 8 percent of sucrose solution is used as a substrate to carry out colorimetric reaction at 508 nm.
Measuring soil urease activity by indophenol blue colorimetry, taking 10% urea solution as a matrix, and carrying out colorimetry at 578 nm; the soil cellulase is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, a carboxymethyl cellulose solution is used as a substrate, the substrate is cultured for 72 hours at 37 ℃ in a thermostat, and the generated reducing sugar is measured.
High-cold grass land desertification soil pasture planting system
As shown in figure 1, the salix integra shrub planting system for the desertification soil in the alpine region is characterized in that planting samples are arranged in salix integra shrub planting rows of the desertification soil, and the planting samples are taken as the central originA circular land block with the radius of 0.1m is arranged, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom 0-20cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrub 2 is planted in the center of the planting sample prescription from the ground surface to the top to the bottom by 20 cm; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 3cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2. The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer and is 3.14 multiplied by 0.5m2。
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1000kg of crushed crop straws, 10kg of urea and a proper amount of water are air-dried; the water content of the straw particles is 20%.
Second, desertification soil pasture planting method
1. Preparing straw particles, comprising the following steps:
(1) air drying the corn straws;
(2) crushing corn straws, wherein the length of the crushed corn straws is 10mm, so as to obtain air-dried crushed corn straws;
(3) adding urea according to the proportion that 10kg of urea is added into every 1000kg of air-dried and crushed corn straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly stirring the urea and the dry and crushed crop straws;
(4) before being extruded into particles, the crushed straws can be added with a proper amount of water according to the requirement and stirred uniformly, and the water content is 20 percent;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, the diameter of the processed straw particles is 8mm, the surfaces of the processed particles are smooth and clean, the hardness is moderate, and the sizes of the processed particles are consistent.
2. The utility model discloses a desertification soil forage grass planting method, including following step:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.1m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an original point; uniformly mixing soil with a soil layer with the depth of 0-20cm in the round land with straw particles, wherein the using amount of the straw particles in each pit is 1 kg, so as to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 20cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of gravel pile with the thickness of 3cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The small salix caput bush is planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in Hongyuan county of red county, Abaca, Sichuan province (31 degrees, 50 degrees, 33 degrees, 22 'N degrees, 101 degrees, 51 degrees, 103 degrees, 23' E degrees), and as the tree is newly planted, the tree is pruned before planting to ensure that certain branches and leaves are properly removed before planting, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the water metabolism balance of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is kept, the tree is favorable for survival, and the growth is recovered as soon as possible. Digging a pit with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 20cm by using a shovel before planting, planting salix purpurea, wherein the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5m, then uniformly mixing straw particles and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the pit, and covering a sandstone layer on the ground surface. After the salix purpurea is planted, weeding and loosening soil are arranged in due time according to conditions, weeds are removed, transportation is cleared, the occurrence rule of plant diseases and insect pests needs to be mastered, prediction and forecast of the plant diseases and insect pests are made in time, a specially-assigned person is arranged to carry out patrol, maintenance and supervision, and diseases, water shortage, deflection and the like of trees are discovered and treated in time.
Setting comparison:
(1) the contrast of the conventional planting method of the local salix purpurea shrubs is as follows:
the difference between the conventional planting method and the method of the utility model is that: and (3) putting the yak excrement on the surface layer of the sandy soil after the salix integra is planted, and not covering the sandy stone layer. The amount of dry yak dung for planting each rose willow is 0.5 kg.
Thirdly, the effect of the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment is as follows:
1. the planting system for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content: the desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system has no significant difference from the soil water content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content in the example 1.
The soil moisture content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
2. The salix integra shrub planting system for the desertification soil can improve the activity of soil enzymes: the results of the activity of urease, sucrase and cellulase in the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment are not obviously different from those in the embodiment 1.
The urease, sucrase and cellulase activities were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
High-cold grass land desertification soil pasture planting system
As shown in fig. 1, a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine regions is characterized in that a planting sample is arranged in salix purpurea shrub planting rows in desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.2m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central origin, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom by 0-25cm from the ground surface; the center of the planting sample prescription is planted with the salix purpurea shrub 2 from the top to the bottom of 25cm from the ground surface; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 3cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2. The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer and is 3.14 multiplied by 0.64m2。
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1000kg of crushed crop straws, 18kg of urea and a proper amount of water are air-dried; the water content of the straw particles is 25%.
Second, desertification soil pasture planting method
1. Preparing straw particles, comprising the following steps:
(1) air drying the wheat straw;
(2) crushing wheat straws, wherein the length of the crushed wheat straws is 10mm, so as to obtain air-dried crushed wheat straws;
(3) adding 18kg of urea into every 1000kg of air-dried and crushed wheat straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly stirring the urea and the dry and crushed crop straws;
(4) before being extruded into granules, the crushed straws can be added with a proper amount of water according to the requirement and stirred uniformly, and the water content is 25 percent;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, the diameter of the processed straw particles is 8mm, the surfaces of the processed particles are smooth and clean, the hardness is moderate, and the sizes of the processed particles are consistent.
2. The utility model discloses a desertification soil forage grass planting method, including following step:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.2m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an original point; uniformly mixing soil with a soil layer with the depth of 0-25cm in the round land with straw particles, wherein the using amount of the straw particles in each pit is 1 kg, so as to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 25cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of gravel pile with the thickness of 3cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The small salix caput bush is planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in Hongyuan county of red county, Abaca, Sichuan province (31 degrees, 50 degrees, 33 degrees, 22 'N degrees, 101 degrees, 51 degrees, 103 degrees, 23' E degrees), and as the tree is newly planted, the tree is pruned before planting to ensure that certain branches and leaves are properly removed before planting, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the water metabolism balance of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is kept, the tree is favorable for survival, and the growth is recovered as soon as possible. Digging a pit with the diameter of 25cm and the depth of 25cm by using a shovel before planting, planting salix purpurea, wherein the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 2m, then uniformly mixing straw particles and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the pit, and covering a sandstone layer on the ground surface. After the salix purpurea is planted, weeding and loosening soil are arranged in due time according to conditions, weeds are removed, transportation is cleared, the occurrence rule of plant diseases and insect pests needs to be mastered, prediction and forecast of the plant diseases and insect pests are made in time, a specially-assigned person is arranged to carry out patrol, maintenance and supervision, and diseases, water shortage, deflection and the like of trees are discovered and treated in time.
Setting comparison:
(1) the contrast of the conventional planting method of the local salix purpurea shrubs is as follows:
the difference between the conventional planting method and the method of the utility model is that: and (3) putting the yak excrement on the surface layer of the sandy soil after the salix integra is planted, and not covering the sandy stone layer. The amount of dry yak dung for planting each rose willow is 0.5 kg.
Thirdly, the effect of the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment is as follows:
1. the planting system for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content: the desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system has no significant difference from the soil water content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content in the example 1.
The soil moisture content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
2. The salix integra shrub planting system for the desertification soil can improve the activity of soil enzymes: the results of the activity of urease, sucrase and cellulase in the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment are not obviously different from those in the embodiment 1.
The urease, sucrase and cellulase activities were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
Claims (4)
1. A salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil is characterized in that: planting sample directions are arranged in the salix purpurea shrub planting rows of the desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.1-0.2m is arranged by taking the planting sample directions as a central origin, and a fertilizer cultivation layer (1) is arranged in the circular land block from the ground surface to the top down by 0-30 cm; the salix purpurea shrubs (2) are planted in the center of the planting sample from the ground surface to the top of 20-30 cm; and a sand-stone pile (3) with the thickness of 3-5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub (2).
2. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 1, wherein: the row spacing of the planting rows of the salix integra shrubs is 2-4m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
3. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 1, wherein: the area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer.
4. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 3, wherein: the sandThe area of the stone heap and the area of the culture layer are both 3.14 x (0.25-0.64) m2。
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| CN110603920A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-12-24 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Salix purpurea shrub planting system and method in desertification soil in alpine region |
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