CN110603920A - Salix purpurea shrub planting system and method in desertification soil in alpine region - Google Patents
Salix purpurea shrub planting system and method in desertification soil in alpine region Download PDFInfo
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- CN110603920A CN110603920A CN201910750326.9A CN201910750326A CN110603920A CN 110603920 A CN110603920 A CN 110603920A CN 201910750326 A CN201910750326 A CN 201910750326A CN 110603920 A CN110603920 A CN 110603920A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 241001299682 Salix purpurea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
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- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 101710184309 Probable sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 6
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- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- LWFUFLREGJMOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O LWFUFLREGJMOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VRZJGENLTNRAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]iminonaphthalen-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1 VRZJGENLTNRAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a salix integra shrub planting system and method in desertification soil in alpine regions. According to the salix integra shrub planting system for the desertification soil of the alpine grasses, provided by the invention, the planting sample is arranged in the salix integra shrub planting row of the desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.1-0.2m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central origin, and a fertilizing layer (1) formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom 0-30cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrubs (2) are planted in the center of the planting sample from the ground surface to the top of 20-30 cm; and a sand-stone pile (3) with the thickness of 3-5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub (2). The invention provides a method for solving the problems of fertility impoverishment, water leakage and fertilizer leakage of desertification soil and difficult feeding of organic materials in alpine regions in northwest of Sichuan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil cultivation and fertilization, in particular to a salix integra shrub planting system and a salix integra shrub planting method in desertification soil in alpine regions.
Background
The alpine regions in northwest of Sichuan are in Yangtze river and yellow river source regions, the altitude is more than 3600m, the annual average temperature is 0.9 ℃, and the climate conditions are variable, so that the ecological environment is a typical fragile region. Over the years, due to the influence of natural and human factors, the ecological environment of the grassland in northwest of Sichuan is seriously damaged, the phenomena of vegetation degradation and grassland desertification are increasingly serious, and importantly, the desertification of the grassland can cause the loss of soil nutrients and damage the soil structure, so that the content of soil sand grains is increased, and the ecological barrier construction at the upstream of Yangtze river and yellow river and the economic and social development of national regions are seriously influenced. In recent years, the desertification land expansion situation is restrained due to the implementation of desertification control engineering and ecological protection engineering, but the desertification of the alpine grasses in northwest of Sichuan is still in an expansion stage, and the desertification area of the grasslands reaches 95.38 multiplied by 10 by 95 by the estimated area in 20204hm2. Therefore, the research on the desertification process of the desertification grassland in the area is strengthened, the desertification grassland treatment work is developed, and the ecological environment is recovered, which is an urgent problem to be solved.
At present, the research on the grassland desertification in the area is mostly focused on 2 aspects of influencing factors and treatment measures, the research on the grassland desertification succession process is generally only carried out from vegetation, soil or other single aspects, but the effect of improving the soil fertility by adopting a single herbaceous desertification control mode is smaller. In addition, in recent years, with the implementation of large-scale ecological construction projects, the grassland desertification control in the area has achieved certain effect, but the trend of land desertification and desertification development is not completely inhibited, so that the research and control work of desertification land in the area is still required to be further strengthened. The desertification grassland treatment is mainly characterized in that the soil production and the ecological capability are recovered, the normal growth of vegetation is the key for recovering the ecological capability of the soil, but the normal growth of vegetation depends on the nutrient content in the soil, the effect in a short period is obvious when the decomposed cattle and sheep manure is used for fertilizing, but the long-term effect is limited, the manure fertilizing in northwest Sichuan areas is mainly yak manure, the problems that the large amount of manure is difficult to collect and disperse and collect exist, and the crop straw fertilizing is a long-term effective fertilizing mode for desertification soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the field, the invention provides a desertification soil improvement method integrating sand fixation, water retention, temperature rise and fertilization, which comprises the following steps: the sandy soil structure is improved by covering and combining the straw particles with sand. The desertification control mode combining the desertification soil fertility improvement and the planting of the sand-fixing shrubs is more beneficial to the restoration of the desertification soil fertility.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil.
According to the salix purpurea shrub planting system for the desertification soil, a planting sample is arranged in the salix purpurea shrub planting rows of the desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.1-0.2m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central original point, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom by 0-30cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrub 2 is planted in the center of the planting sample prescription from the ground surface to the top of 20-30 cm; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 3-5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2.
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws, 10-18 parts of urea and a proper amount of water; the water content of the straw particles is 15-25%.
The crop straw is rice straw, corn straw and/or wheat straw.
The row spacing of the planting rows of the salix integra shrubs is 2-4m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer.
The area of the gravel pile and the area of the compost layer are both 3.14 x (0.25-0.64) m2。
The invention also provides a planting method of salix purpurea shrubs in desertification soil.
The invention provides a planting method of salix purpurea shrubs in desertification soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.1-0.2m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an origin; uniformly mixing soil in the soil layer with the depth of 0-30cm in the round land with straw particles to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 20-30cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of sand-stone piles with the thickness of 3-5cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws, 10-18 parts of urea and a proper amount of water, wherein the water content of the straw particles is 15% -25%.
The straw particles are prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
(1) airing crop straws;
(2) crushing crop straws, wherein the length of the crushed straws is 5-10mm, and obtaining the air-dried and crushed crop straws;
(3) adding urea according to the proportion that 10-18 parts of urea is added into every 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly mixing the urea and the air-dried and crushed crop straws;
(4) before extruding into granules, adding a proper amount of water into the crushed straws as required and uniformly stirring the mixture until the water content is 15-25%;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, and the diameter of the processed straw particles is 5-12 mm.
The crop straw is rice straw, corn straw and/or wheat straw.
The mechanism of the invention for improving desertification soil is as follows: (1) the sand and stone cover plays roles in fixing sand, increasing temperature, promoting the upward movement of deep water and increasing the water on the surface layer; (2) the circular pile design can reduce the waste of sand; (3) the planting of the salix purpurea shrubs can play a role in sand fixation and can also improve the carbon and nitrogen supply condition of sand soil and the internal structure of the soil; (4) the straw particles are uniformly mixed with the soil with the thickness of 0-30cm, so that the soil structure and the soil fertility are improved, and the duration is long; (5) the straw particles decompose long-chain macromolecules, namely crude protein and cellulose, into micromolecules in the expansion process until the micromolecules are degraded into amino acid and glucose, so that the amino acid and the glucose can be directly absorbed by plants; (6) the salix purpurea shrubs are fertilized in combination with straw particles to cover sand and stone, so that the restoration of the fertility of desertified soil is facilitated.
Drawings
For purposes of illustration and not limitation, the present invention will now be described in accordance with its preferred embodiments, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a salix integra shrub planting system in desertification soil; wherein 1-a compost layer, 2-salix purpurea shrubs and 3-a sandstone heap.
Detailed Description
The urea used in the following examples was commercially available.
Embodiment 1. Salix purpurea shrub planting system and planting method in desertification soil in alpine region
High-cold grass land desertification soil pasture planting system
As shown in fig. 1, a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine regions is characterized in that a planting sample is arranged in salix purpurea shrub planting rows in desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.15m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central origin, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom by 0-30cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrub 2 is planted in the center of the planting sample prescription from the ground surface to the top by 30 cm; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2.
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1000kg of crushed crop straws, 13kg of urea and a proper amount of water are air-dried; the water content of the straw particles is 15%. The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer and is 3.14 multiplied by 0.25m2。
Second, desertification soil pasture planting method
1. Preparing straw particles, comprising the following steps:
(1) drying the rice straws in the air;
(2) crushing rice straws, wherein the length of the crushed rice straws is 8mm, and obtaining air-dried crushed rice straws;
(3) adding 13kg of urea into every 1000kg of air-dried and crushed rice straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly stirring the urea and the dry and crushed crop straws;
(4) before being extruded into granules, the crushed straws can be added with a proper amount of water according to the requirement and stirred uniformly, and the water content is 15 percent;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, the diameter of the processed straw particles is 10mm, the surfaces of the processed particles are smooth and clean, the hardness is moderate, and the sizes of the processed particles are consistent.
2. The desertification soil pasture planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.15m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an origin; uniformly mixing soil with a soil layer with the depth of 0-30cm in the round land with straw particles, wherein the using amount of the straw particles in each pit is 1.5 kg, so as to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 30cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of sand-stone piles with the thickness of 5cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The small salix caput bush is planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in Hongyuan county of red county, Abaca, Sichuan province (31 degrees, 50 degrees, 33 degrees, 22 'N degrees, 101 degrees, 51 degrees, 103 degrees, 23' E degrees), and as the tree is newly planted, the tree is pruned before planting to ensure that certain branches and leaves are properly removed before planting, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the water metabolism balance of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is kept, the tree is favorable for survival, and the growth is recovered as soon as possible. Digging a pit with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 30cm by using a shovel before planting, planting salix purpurea, wherein the row spacing is 3m, and the plant spacing is 2m, then uniformly mixing straw particles and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the pit, and covering a sandstone layer on the ground surface. After the salix purpurea is planted, weeding and loosening soil are arranged in due time according to conditions, weeds are removed, transportation is cleared, the occurrence rule of plant diseases and insect pests needs to be mastered, prediction and forecast of the plant diseases and insect pests are made in time, a specially-assigned person is arranged to carry out patrol, maintenance and supervision, and diseases, water shortage, deflection and the like of trees are discovered and treated in time.
Setting comparison:
(1) the contrast of the conventional planting method of the local salix purpurea shrubs is as follows:
the difference between the conventional planting method and the method of the invention is that: and (3) putting the yak excrement on the surface layer of the sandy soil after the salix integra is planted, and not covering the sandy stone layer. The amount of dry yak dung for planting each rose willow is 0.5 kg.
Thirdly, the planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil have the following effects:
1. the planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content: as can be seen from table 1, the present invention significantly increases the soil moisture content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen content, and increases 35.17%, 11.25%, 141.67%, 291.67%, 124.69%, 70.22%, and 305.13%, respectively, as compared to locally planted rose willow shrubs.
TABLE 1 comparison of the present invention with the nutrients of a locally grown Salix purpurea shrub
2. The planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the activity of soil enzymes: compared with the locally planted salix purpurea shrubs, the activity of urease, sucrase and cellulase is obviously improved, and is respectively improved by 74.13%, 125.00% and 134.78%.
TABLE 2 comparison of enzyme Activity of the present invention with locally grown Salix purpurea shrubs
The method for measuring the water content of the soil is a drying method;
the soil temperature measuring method is a geothermometer measuring method;
the method for measuring the total nitrogen of the soil is a Kjeldahl method;
the method for measuring the carbon/nitrogen content of the soil microorganisms comprises the following steps: microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen (MBN) were fumigated with chloroform to 0.5mol L-1And (4) extracting potassium sulfate. Culturing fresh soil with water content of 10-20% for 7d, weighing 3 parts, fumigating with chloroform, weighing 3 parts, non-fumigating, taking out after 24 hr, removing chloroform from fumigated soil sample, and collecting all samples with 40ml of 0.5mol L-1K2SO4The solution was filtered after shaking for 30min, and Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) was 5ml of the filtrate was taken up, and then measured by potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen (MBN) was 20ml of the filtrate was taken up, and measured by total nitrogen method, and soil Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen (MBN) per kg of dry soil were calculated.
The soil sample used for measuring the activity of the soil enzyme is an air-dried soil sample screened by a 1mm sieve. The soil sucrase activity is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, and 8 percent of sucrose solution is used as a substrate to carry out colorimetric reaction at 508 nm.
Measuring soil urease activity by indophenol blue colorimetry, taking 10% urea solution as a matrix, and carrying out colorimetry at 578 nm; the soil cellulase is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, a carboxymethyl cellulose solution is used as a substrate, the substrate is cultured for 72 hours at 37 ℃ in a thermostat, and the generated reducing sugar is measured.
Embodiment 2. Salix purpurea shrub planting system and planting method in desertification soil in alpine region
High-cold grass land desertification soil pasture planting system
As shown in fig. 1, a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine regions is characterized in that a planting sample is arranged in salix purpurea shrub planting rows in desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.1m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central origin, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom by 0-20cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrub 2 is planted in the center of the planting sample prescription from the ground surface to the top to the bottom by 20 cm; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 3cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2. The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer and is 3.14 multiplied by 0.5m2。
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1000kg of crushed crop straws, 10kg of urea and a proper amount of water are air-dried; the water content of the straw particles is 20%.
Second, desertification soil pasture planting method
1. Preparing straw particles, comprising the following steps:
(1) air drying the corn straws;
(2) crushing corn straws, wherein the length of the crushed corn straws is 10mm, so as to obtain air-dried crushed corn straws;
(3) adding urea according to the proportion that 10kg of urea is added into every 1000kg of air-dried and crushed corn straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly stirring the urea and the dry and crushed crop straws;
(4) before being extruded into particles, the crushed straws can be added with a proper amount of water according to the requirement and stirred uniformly, and the water content is 20 percent;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, the diameter of the processed straw particles is 8mm, the surfaces of the processed particles are smooth and clean, the hardness is moderate, and the sizes of the processed particles are consistent.
2. The desertification soil pasture planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.1m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an original point; uniformly mixing soil with a soil layer with the depth of 0-20cm in the round land with straw particles, wherein the using amount of the straw particles in each pit is 1 kg, so as to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 20cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of gravel pile with the thickness of 3cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The small salix caput bush is planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in Hongyuan county of red county, Abaca, Sichuan province (31 degrees, 50 degrees, 33 degrees, 22 'N degrees, 101 degrees, 51 degrees, 103 degrees, 23' E degrees), and as the tree is newly planted, the tree is pruned before planting to ensure that certain branches and leaves are properly removed before planting, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the water metabolism balance of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is kept, the tree is favorable for survival, and the growth is recovered as soon as possible. Digging a pit with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 20cm by using a shovel before planting, planting salix purpurea, wherein the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5m, then uniformly mixing straw particles and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the pit, and covering a sandstone layer on the ground surface. After the salix purpurea is planted, weeding and loosening soil are arranged in due time according to conditions, weeds are removed, transportation is cleared, the occurrence rule of plant diseases and insect pests needs to be mastered, prediction and forecast of the plant diseases and insect pests are made in time, a specially-assigned person is arranged to carry out patrol, maintenance and supervision, and diseases, water shortage, deflection and the like of trees are discovered and treated in time.
Setting comparison:
(1) the contrast of the conventional planting method of the local salix purpurea shrubs is as follows:
the difference between the conventional planting method and the method of the invention is that: and (3) putting the yak excrement on the surface layer of the sandy soil after the salix integra is planted, and not covering the sandy stone layer. The amount of dry yak dung for planting each rose willow is 0.5 kg.
Thirdly, the planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil have the following effects:
1. the planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content: the desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system has no significant difference from the soil water content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content in the example 1.
The soil moisture content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
2. The planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the activity of soil enzymes: the results of the activity of urease, sucrase and cellulase in the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment are not obviously different from those in the embodiment 1.
The urease, sucrase and cellulase activities were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
Embodiment 3. Salix purpurea shrub planting system and planting method in sandy soil in alpine region
High-cold grass land desertification soil pasture planting system
As shown in fig. 1, a salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil in alpine regions is characterized in that a planting sample is arranged in salix purpurea shrub planting rows in desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.2m is arranged by taking the planting sample as a central origin, and a fertilizing layer 1 formed by mixing straw particles and soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom by 0-25cm from the ground surface; the center of the planting sample prescription is planted with the salix purpurea shrub 2 from the top to the bottom of 25cm from the ground surface; and a sand-stone pile 3 with the thickness of 3cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub 2. The area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer and is 3.14 multiplied by 0.64m2。
The straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1000kg of crushed crop straws, 18kg of urea and a proper amount of water are air-dried; the water content of the straw particles is 25%.
Second, desertification soil pasture planting method
1. Preparing straw particles, comprising the following steps:
(1) air drying the wheat straw;
(2) crushing wheat straws, wherein the length of the crushed wheat straws is 10mm, so as to obtain air-dried crushed wheat straws;
(3) adding 18kg of urea into every 1000kg of air-dried and crushed wheat straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly stirring the urea and the dry and crushed crop straws;
(4) before being extruded into granules, the crushed straws can be added with a proper amount of water according to the requirement and stirred uniformly, and the water content is 25 percent;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, the diameter of the processed straw particles is 8mm, the surfaces of the processed particles are smooth and clean, the hardness is moderate, and the sizes of the processed particles are consistent.
2. The desertification soil pasture planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.2m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an original point; uniformly mixing soil with a soil layer with the depth of 0-25cm in the round land with straw particles, wherein the using amount of the straw particles in each pit is 1 kg, so as to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 25cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of gravel pile with the thickness of 3cm around the rose willow shrubs.
The small salix caput bush is planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in Hongyuan county of red county, Abaca, Sichuan province (31 degrees, 50 degrees, 33 degrees, 22 'N degrees, 101 degrees, 51 degrees, 103 degrees, 23' E degrees), and as the tree is newly planted, the tree is pruned before planting to ensure that certain branches and leaves are properly removed before planting, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the water metabolism balance of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is kept, the tree is favorable for survival, and the growth is recovered as soon as possible. Digging a pit with the diameter of 25cm and the depth of 25cm by using a shovel before planting, planting salix purpurea, wherein the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 2m, then uniformly mixing straw particles and sandy soil, filling the mixture into the pit, and covering a sandstone layer on the ground surface. After the salix purpurea is planted, weeding and loosening soil are arranged in due time according to conditions, weeds are removed, transportation is cleared, the occurrence rule of plant diseases and insect pests needs to be mastered, prediction and forecast of the plant diseases and insect pests are made in time, a specially-assigned person is arranged to carry out patrol, maintenance and supervision, and diseases, water shortage, deflection and the like of trees are discovered and treated in time.
Setting comparison:
(1) the contrast of the conventional planting method of the local salix purpurea shrubs is as follows:
the difference between the conventional planting method and the method of the invention is that: and (3) putting the yak excrement on the surface layer of the sandy soil after the salix integra is planted, and not covering the sandy stone layer. The amount of dry yak dung for planting each rose willow is 0.5 kg.
Thirdly, the planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil have the following effects:
1. the planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content: the desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system has no significant difference from the soil water content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content in the example 1.
The soil moisture content, temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
2. The planting system and the planting method for salix integra shrubs in desertification soil can improve the activity of soil enzymes: the results of the activity of urease, sucrase and cellulase in the salix integra shrub planting system in the desertification soil of the embodiment are not obviously different from those in the embodiment 1.
The urease, sucrase and cellulase activities were measured in the same manner as in example 1.
Claims (10)
1. A salix purpurea shrub planting system in desertification soil is characterized in that: planting sample directions are arranged in the salix purpurea shrub planting rows of the desertification soil, a circular land block with the radius of 0.1-0.2m is arranged by taking the planting sample directions as the central origin, and a fertilizing layer (1) formed by mixing straw particles and the soil is arranged in the circular land block from top to bottom 0-30cm from the ground surface; the salix purpurea shrubs (2) are planted in the center of the planting sample from the ground surface to the top of 20-30 cm; and a sand-stone pile (3) with the thickness of 3-5cm is arranged around the rose willow shrub (2).
2. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 1, wherein: the straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws, 10-18 parts of urea and a proper amount of water; the water content of the straw particles is 15-25%.
3. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 2, wherein: the crop straw is rice straw, corn straw and/or wheat straw.
4. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 1, wherein: the row spacing of the planting rows of the salix integra shrubs is 2-4m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
5. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 1, wherein: the area of the gravel pile is the same as that of the compost layer.
6. The desertification soil salix integra shrub planting system of claim 5, wherein: the area of the gravel pile and the area of the compost layer are both 3.14 x (0.25-0.64) m2。
7. The planting method of salix purpurea shrubs in desertification soil comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the desertification land into planting sample sides, and taking a circular land block with the radius of 0.1-0.2m by taking the center of the planting sample sides as an origin; uniformly mixing soil in the soil layer with the depth of 0-30cm in the round land with straw particles to obtain a compost layer;
(2) planting salix integra shrubs in the center of the planting sample prescription from top to bottom at a depth of 20-30cm from the ground surface;
(3) and paving a circle of sand-stone piles with the thickness of 3-5cm around the rose willow shrubs.
8. The method of planting salix integra shrubs in sandy soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the straw particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws, 10-18 parts of urea and a proper amount of water, wherein the water content of the straw particles is 15% -25%.
9. The method of planting salix integra shrubs in sandy soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the straw particles are prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
(1) airing crop straws;
(2) crushing crop straws, wherein the length of the crushed straws is 5-10mm, and obtaining the air-dried and crushed crop straws;
(3) adding urea according to the proportion that 10-18 parts of urea is added into every 1000 parts of air-dried and crushed crop straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and fully and uniformly mixing the urea and the air-dried and crushed crop straws;
(4) before extruding into granules, adding a proper amount of water into the crushed straws as required and uniformly stirring the mixture until the water content is 15-25%;
(5) the straw particles are extruded and processed by a grinding plate and a pressing wheel in a particle compressor, and the diameter of the processed straw particles is 5-12 mm.
10. The method of planting salix mongolica shrubs in sandy soil as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein: the crop straw is rice straw, corn straw and/or wheat straw.
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