CN212011283U - Shaped lens antenna - Google Patents
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- CN212011283U CN212011283U CN202020620189.5U CN202020620189U CN212011283U CN 212011283 U CN212011283 U CN 212011283U CN 202020620189 U CN202020620189 U CN 202020620189U CN 212011283 U CN212011283 U CN 212011283U
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Abstract
The invention provides a shaped lens antenna which can cover a far area and realize the coverage of a certain area near the far area with lower cost. Comprises a lens and at least 3 radiation units, wherein the radiation units are distributed near the surface of the lens and the respective radiation starting points are arranged in sequence along a circular arc curve; and the respective pointing axes of these radiating elements pass through the center of the lens; particularly, according to the arrangement sequence of the radiation units in the single direction of the circular arc curve, the radiation units are electrically connected with the ordered signal output ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner in sequence; the ordering rule of the signal output ports is ascending order of power or descending order of power. The shaped lens antenna can form a single coverage range with a narrow and long profile, is used for being deployed along a track traffic line such as a high-speed rail and the like, has higher utilization rate of the coverage range of the antenna and can greatly reduce the construction cost under the condition of ensuring that the signal strength is strong enough.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communication equipment production, and more particularly, to a lens antenna for controlling the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves and controlling the lobe range of the electromagnetic waves.
Background
Compared with the MIMO antenna, the lens antenna has the advantages of better directional diagram, simple system capacity increase, high energy efficiency ratio, far coverage range, relatively lower cost and the like.
Since the lens antenna has a strong directivity and can obtain good performance over a long distance in the direction in which the beam is directed, it is in fact very suitable for track covering, such as covering along a high-speed rail. But also, due to its strong directivity, it leaves a large area that cannot be covered by itself.
To solve this problem, operators may consider using lens antennas mounted on adjacent towers or poles to provide complementary coverage of areas that the antenna itself cannot cover, as shown in fig. 1. In order to improve the utilization rate of the coverage range of each set of lens antennas, the iron tower or the vertical rod where the lens antennas are located is as close to the track as possible. However, even in this case, the coverage utilization rate is still not high enough, the overlapping and mutual interference of the coverage areas is large, and the construction of the iron tower or the vertical pole to be invested by the operator is still large.
An innovative solution to this problem is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shaped lens antenna which can cover a certain area near a distance area and can also cover a certain area near the distance area at a lower cost.
The following technical scheme is adopted:
a shaped lens antenna comprises a lens and at least 3 radiation units, wherein the radiation units are distributed near the surface of the lens and the respective radiation starting points of the radiation units are sequentially arranged along an arc curve; and the respective pointing axes of these radiating elements pass through the center of the lens; particularly, according to the arrangement sequence of the radiation units in the single direction of the circular arc curve, the radiation units are electrically connected with the ordered signal output ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner in sequence; the ordering rule of the signal output ports is ascending order of power or descending order of power.
The signal output port may be an output port of an unequal power divider configured with an input port and output ports of a number not less than the number of radiating elements.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the maximum power connected radiating element (hereinafter, referred to as a maximum power radiating element) has the farthest beam extension distance, the minimum power connected radiating element (hereinafter, referred to as a minimum power radiating element) has the closest beam extension distance, and the maximum power and minimum power connected radiating element (hereinafter, referred to as an intermediate power radiating element) has the beam extension distance between the maximum power radiating element and the minimum power radiating element.
Because the respective radiation starting points of the radiation units are arranged in sequence along an arc curve, the radiation units are electrically connected with the signal output ports in the power ascending order or the power descending order in sequence in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the pointing axes of the radiation units are all acted by the same lens, an included angle is theoretically formed between the pointing axis of the maximum power radiation unit and the pointing axis of the minimum power radiation unit, and the included angle is called as a coverage angle alpha in the application. The pointing axis of the radiation unit refers to a theoretical central axis of a main beam formed by waves emitted by the radiation unit after being refracted by a lens.
Within the area defined by the coverage angle alpha is covered by the beam of the maximum power radiating element, the beam of the intermediate power radiating element and the beam of the minimum power radiating element. When two adjacent radiation units are far apart, the antenna can obtain coverage ranges in multiple directions; when two adjacent radiation elements are close enough, the coverage area of the multiple directions can be constructed and regarded as a single coverage area with a wide angle. Further, when the coverage angle α is close to 90 ° and the power of each signal output port is properly set, the single coverage area can form a narrow and long profile, and the antenna is located at a position far enough away from the center line of the narrow and long profile, which is the line dividing the narrow and long profile into two halves as symmetrical as possible along the length direction of the narrow and long profile, but the center line is not a strict center line. The antenna with the coverage shape is deployed along the line of rail transit such as high-speed rail, so that the problems of low utilization rate of the coverage area of the existing antenna, more required iron towers or stand columns and the like can be solved.
In the ordering rule of the signal output ports, the power of part of the signal output ports is allowed to be the same.
The lens may be a spherical lens or an ellipsoidal lens or a cylindrical lens, etc.
The distances between the adjacent radiation units of the radiation units can be equal or unequal.
The plane on which the circular arc curve is positioned can be a horizontal plane or a non-horizontal plane.
The shaped lens antenna can form a single coverage range with a narrow and long profile, and the position of the antenna can avoid the central line in the length direction of the coverage range, so that the shaped lens antenna has higher utilization rate of the coverage range of the antenna and can greatly reduce the construction cost under the condition of ensuring that the signal intensity is strong enough when being used for the arrangement along the track traffic such as high-speed rail.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art lens antenna for providing signal coverage to a track;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of example 1 (in this case, the plane on which the arc curves lie is a horizontal plane);
fig. 3 is a horizontal pattern formed according to the position and power of each radiating element shown in fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the position relationship between the directivity pattern of FIG. 3 and the coverage angle α;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the lens antenna of embodiment 1 when providing signal coverage for tracks.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a lens; 21-a first radiating element; 22-a second radiating element; 23-a third radiating element; 24-a fourth radiation unit; 25-a fifth radiating element; 26-a sixth radiating element; 27-a seventh radiating element; 28-an eighth radiating element; 3-unequal power dividers; 30-a signal input port; 31 — a first port; 32-a second port; 33-a third port; 34-a fourth port; 35-a fifth port; 36-sixth port; 37-a seventh port; 38-eighth port.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the shaped lens antenna of the present embodiment includes: lens 1, unequal power divider 3 and 8 radiating elements.
Wherein the lens 1 is a spherical lens, and the lens 1 is a simplified structure of an ideal luneberg lens, and is used for focusing a signal of the radiation unit.
The unequal power divider 3 has one signal input port 30 and 8 signal output ports. The signal input port is used for connecting the output port of the transceiver. These 8 signal output ports are arranged along a straight line, and are respectively called: a first port 31, a second port 32, a third port 33, a fourth port 34, a fifth port 35, a sixth port 36, a seventh port 37 and an eighth port 38. In this embodiment, the 8 ports are also sorted in descending power order. Specifically, the output power of the first port 31 is the largest, and the output power of the second port 32 is … … times the output power of the eighth port 38 is the smallest. More specifically, with the power of the first port 31 as 1, the power of the second port 32 is 0.8, the power of the third port 33 is 0.6, the power of the fourth port is 0.5, the power of the fifth port is 0.45, the power of the sixth port is 0.4, the power of the seventh port is 0.35, and the power of the eighth port is 0.3.
The 8 radiating elements are respectively called: a first radiation unit 21, a second radiation unit 22, a third radiation unit 23, a fourth radiation unit 24, a fifth radiation unit 25, a sixth radiation unit 26, a seventh radiation unit 27, and an eighth radiation unit 28. The specifications of the radiating elements of the present invention are the same. But slight differences from each other are also contemplated. The radiation elements are distributed near the surface of the lens 1 and their respective radiation starting points are arranged in succession along a circular arc curve C, which corresponds to a circle center concentric with the spherical center S of the lens and which in principle is at the focal position of the lens 1. The radiation starting point refers to a point from which a wave emitted by one radiation unit is considered to start.
The 8 radiating elements are electrically connected to the 8 signal output ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner, specifically, the first radiating element 21 is electrically connected to the first port 31, the second radiating element 22 is electrically connected to the second port 32, and so on, the eighth radiating element 28 is electrically connected to the eighth port 38.
Since the first radiation unit 21 is electrically connected to the first port 31, and the first port 31 is one of the maximum powers in the signal output ports of the unequal power divider 3, the first radiation unit 21 is the maximum power radiation unit of the present embodiment, and it can be known that the eighth radiation unit 28 is the minimum power radiation unit of the present embodiment, and the second radiation unit 22 to the seventh radiation unit 27 are the intermediate power radiation units of the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the pointing axis P1 of the first radiating element and the pointing axis P8 of the eighth radiating element will theoretically form an angle, which is called the coverage angle α. The pointing axis of the radiation unit refers to a theoretical central axis of a main beam formed by waves emitted by the radiation unit after being refracted by a lens. By adjusting the distance between the 8 adjacent radiation elements, the angular size of the coverage angle α can be adjusted.
As shown in fig. 2, the coverage angle α of the shaped lens antenna of this embodiment is 90 °, and the combination of the beam coverage areas of the 8 radiation elements can be regarded as a single coverage area with a wide angle, and the horizontal pattern of the coverage area is shown in fig. 3. It can be seen that the single coverage area can form a narrow elongated profile.
As shown in fig. 4, the antenna is located at a position far enough away from a center line L of the long and narrow profile, which is a line dividing the long and narrow profile into two halves as symmetrical as possible along the length direction of the long and narrow profile. And the position of the central line L will also change correspondingly according to the different proportions of the power input to each radiating element.
As shown in fig. 5, the position and orientation of the lens antenna on the horizontal plane are adjusted to make the center line L of the lens antenna coincide with the longitudinal central axis of the high-speed rail, so that the utilization rate of the coverage area of the lens antenna can be maximized. In addition, the lens antenna is now also located right at the curb of the highways and can cover the area near the lens antenna itself, no longer needing to be supplemented with the coverage of the adjacent lens antenna. Therefore, only one upright post is provided with the lens antenna with two coverage areas, the outline of which forms a mirror image, as shown in fig. 5, the lens antenna can cover a road section which can be covered by two upright posts in the existing scheme, and theoretically, the number of the upright posts can be halved, so that the wide application of the lens antenna can save cost for operators.
In order to form a mirror image by the outline shape of the coverage area of the two lens antennas, only one of the two lens antennas with the same configuration needs to have the sequencing rule of the signal output port opposite to that of the other lens antenna.
In addition, the lens antenna of the present embodiment is also suitable for signal coverage of long and narrow streets.
Example 2
The unequal power divider of the present embodiment is also provided with 8 signal output ports, but the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the power of the fourth port of the unequal power divider is the same as that of the third port, and the power of the sixth port is the same as that of the fifth port. Specifically, with the power of the first port as 1, the power of the second port is 0.8; the power of the third port is 0.7, the power of the fourth port is 0.7, the power of the fifth port is 0.6, the power of the sixth port is 0.6, the power of the seventh port is 0.5, and the power of the eighth port is 0.4.
The ordering of the signal output ports still belongs to the ordering in descending power order. The outline shape of the coverage can be considered as a modification made in example 1, and can be adapted to the coverage requirement when the track is curved.
The description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and all technical equivalents which come within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be protected.
Claims (6)
1. A shaped lens antenna comprises a lens and at least 3 radiation units, wherein the radiation units are distributed near the surface of the lens and the respective radiation starting points of the radiation units are sequentially arranged along an arc curve; and the respective pointing axes of these radiating elements pass through the center of the lens; the method is characterized in that: according to the arrangement sequence of the radiation units in the single direction of the circular arc curve, the radiation units are electrically connected with the ordered signal output ports in a one-to-one correspondence mode; the ordering rule of the signal output ports is ascending order of power or descending order of power.
2. An shaped lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the signal output port is an output port of an unequal power divider, and the unequal power divider is provided with an input port and output ports with the number not less than the number of the radiation units.
3. An shaped lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the ordering rule of the signal output ports, the power of part of the signal output ports is the same.
4. An shaped lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lens is a spherical lens or an ellipsoidal lens or a cylindrical lens.
5. An shaped lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distances between adjacent radiating elements are equal.
6. An shaped lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the plane on which the circular arc curve is located is a horizontal plane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020620189.5U CN212011283U (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Shaped lens antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020620189.5U CN212011283U (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Shaped lens antenna |
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| CN212011283U true CN212011283U (en) | 2020-11-24 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114614259A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-10 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Shaping control method, device, equipment and storage medium for luneberg lens antenna |
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2020
- 2020-04-24 CN CN202020620189.5U patent/CN212011283U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114614259A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-10 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Shaping control method, device, equipment and storage medium for luneberg lens antenna |
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