CN102195123A - Secondary beamforming high-power circularly polarized base station antenna - Google Patents
Secondary beamforming high-power circularly polarized base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线,包含两组基站通信天线组合,对称设置,基站通信天线均能在需要的两个频率上工作;每副基站通信天线包含毫米波圆锥喇叭天线、方波导到圆波导过渡装置、赋形反射板及印制栅条,方波导到圆波导过渡装置设在毫米波圆锥喇叭天线的下方,且二者相互连接;每个毫米波圆锥喇叭天线的上方各设有一个赋形反射板,印制栅条设在赋形反射板的下端面,还包含设置在赋形反射板前方的赋形透镜,且与赋形反射板成45°±2o角,该赋形反射板与水平面成45o±2o角。因此,高功率圆极化基站天线结构更加简单灵活,工作稳定可靠,并能够实现对电磁波的二次赋形且达到灵活控制波束形状的要求。
The invention discloses a high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming, which includes two sets of base station communication antenna combinations, symmetrically arranged, and the base station communication antennas can work at two required frequencies; each pair of base station communication antennas It includes a millimeter-wave conical horn antenna, a transition device from a square waveguide to a circular waveguide, a shaped reflector and a printed grid. The transition device from a square waveguide to a circular waveguide is located under the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna, and the two are connected to each other; each Each of the millimeter-wave conical horn antennas is provided with a shaped reflector, and the printed grid is arranged on the lower end surface of the shaped reflector, and also includes a shaped lens arranged in front of the shaped reflector, and is connected with the shaped reflector. Forming an angle of 45°±2o, the shaped reflector forms an angle of 45o±2o with the horizontal plane. Therefore, the structure of the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna is simpler and more flexible, the work is stable and reliable, and it can realize the secondary shaping of the electromagnetic wave and meet the requirements of flexible control of the beam shape.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基站天线,特别涉及一种二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线。The invention relates to a base station antenna, in particular to a secondary beam-forming high-power circularly polarized base station antenna.
背景技术Background technique
高速铁路的车地通讯系统是近几年才提出的一种大容量高速通讯系统,主要针对高速列车在运行过程中和地面通信的短时间大容量的数据传输。具体到对通信终端天线来讲,要求天线有高效率、高功率、高增益,并且最重要的是要有很高的方向性,特别是针对磁浮列车的通信系统,这样就不会由于磁浮列车本身的电磁场对通信系统造成很大的干扰。天线阵列是保证天线具有高方向性的一种可行的天线形式,但是大量的天线单元必然会导致天线阵列的体积和重量的增加;小型的天线微带阵列虽然能够保证天线阵列的尺寸和重量,但是其功率和效率则无法有效的提高。The vehicle-to-ground communication system of high-speed railway is a large-capacity high-speed communication system proposed in recent years, which is mainly aimed at the short-term large-capacity data transmission of high-speed trains during operation and ground communication. Specific to the communication terminal antenna, the antenna is required to have high efficiency, high power, high gain, and the most important thing is to have a high directivity, especially for the communication system of the maglev train, so that it will not be caused by the maglev train The electromagnetic field itself causes great interference to the communication system. Antenna array is a feasible antenna form to ensure that the antenna has high directivity, but a large number of antenna elements will inevitably lead to an increase in the volume and weight of the antenna array; although a small antenna microstrip array can ensure the size and weight of the antenna array, However, its power and efficiency cannot be effectively improved.
关于上述技术,专利200710093945.2“集赋形和变极化为一体的基站毫米波通信天线”提出用反射阵列天线对从圆锥喇叭出射的波束进行赋形和极化的概念,有效的解决了波束极化、赋形和要求天线高功率的问题。然而这项专利提出的天线结构对波束的赋形程度有限制,其波束赋形主要来源于两个方面,一个是反射板上的反射阵列对从圆锥喇叭出射的波形的赋形作用,另外一个是反射板本身的圆弧形对波束单个方向的压缩作用。这对天线波束的赋形的不足之处使得出射波束最后形成的波束形状未能完全达到高速列车(特别是磁浮列车)通信的垂直面波束在不同的地理环境中不同要求的情况。Regarding the above technology, the patent 200710093945.2 "Millimeter-wave communication antenna for base station integrating shaping and variable polarization" proposes the concept of using a reflectarray antenna to shape and polarize the beam emitted from the conical horn, effectively solving the problem of beam polarity. problem of sizing, shaping and requiring high power from the antenna. However, the antenna structure proposed in this patent has limitations on the degree of beam forming. The beam forming mainly comes from two aspects. One is the shaping effect of the reflection array on the reflector on the waveform emitted from the conical horn, and the other is It is the compression effect of the arc shape of the reflector itself on the single direction of the beam. This deficiency in antenna beam forming makes the final beam shape of the outgoing beam fail to fully meet the different requirements of the vertical beam for high-speed train (especially maglev train) communication in different geographical environments.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线,能有效避免磁悬浮高速列车电磁场干扰,结构更加简单灵活,工作稳定可靠,对波束宽度设计更加精准灵活,能够达到灵活控制波束形状的要求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming, which can effectively avoid electromagnetic field interference from maglev high-speed trains, has a simpler and more flexible structure, works stably and reliably, and is more precise and flexible in beam width design, enabling flexible control beam shape requirements.
为了达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线,其特点是,包含第一组基站通信天线组合和第二组基站通信天线组合,该两组基站通信天线组合对称设置;所述的每组基站通信天线组合包含若干副结构完全相同的基站通信天线,每副基站通信天线均能在需要的两个频率上工作;A high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming is characterized in that it includes a first group of base station communication antenna combinations and a second group of base station communication antenna combinations, and the two groups of base station communication antenna combinations are arranged symmetrically; the described Each base station communication antenna combination includes several base station communication antennas with the same secondary structure, and each base station communication antenna can work on the two required frequencies;
所述的每副基站通信天线包含毫米波圆锥喇叭天线、方波导到圆波导过渡装置、赋形反射板及印制栅条;其中,Each of the base station communication antennas includes a millimeter-wave conical horn antenna, a transition device from a square waveguide to a circular waveguide, a shaped reflector and a printed grid; wherein,
所述的方波导到圆波导过渡装置设在毫米波圆锥喇叭天线的下方,并且该方波导到圆波导过渡装置与毫米波圆锥喇叭天线相互连接;The square waveguide-to-circular waveguide transition device is arranged below the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna, and the square waveguide-to-circular waveguide transition device is connected to the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna;
所述的毫米波圆锥喇叭天线的上方对应设有一个赋形反射板;A shaped reflector is correspondingly provided above the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna;
所述的印制栅条设在赋形反射板的下端面;The printed grid strips are arranged on the lower surface of the shaped reflector;
该基站通信天线还包含用于二次赋形的赋形透镜,其设置在赋形反射板前方,所述的毫米波圆锥喇叭天线中出射的电磁波经赋形反射板折射后水平向前射入赋形透镜。The base station communication antenna also includes a shaped lens for secondary shaping, which is arranged in front of the shaped reflector, and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna is refracted by the shaped reflector and then incident horizontally forward Shaped lenses.
所述的赋形透镜朝向赋形反射板的表面是凸起的。The surface of the shaped lens facing the shaped reflection plate is convex.
所述的赋形透镜朝向赋形反射板的表面是凹陷的。The surface of the shaped lens facing the shaped reflection plate is concave.
所述的赋形反射板与水平面成45°±2°的倾角。The shaped reflecting plate has an inclination angle of 45°±2° with the horizontal plane.
所述的第一组基站通信天线组合中设置在赋形反射板上的印制栅条与第二组基站通信天线组合中的印制栅条斜向正交。The printed grid bars arranged on the shaped reflector in the first group of base station communication antenna combinations are obliquely orthogonal to the printed grid bars in the second group of base station communication antenna combinations.
所述的赋形透镜与赋形反射板成45°±2°倾角。The shaped lens forms an inclination angle of 45°±2° with the shaped reflector.
本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming of the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明由于采用一定规格的赋形透镜,能够对从赋形反射板出射的出射波进行第二次波束赋形,且该赋形透镜与赋形反射板成45°±2o夹角,对极化没有影响,不仅能够保持出射波在水平方向上有一定宽度,还能实现其在垂直方向上波束极窄,从而满足形成具有扇形波束、圆极化特性的38GHz基站通信天线的技术要求。这样使得本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线的结构更加简单灵活,能够有效避免磁悬浮高速列车电磁场的干扰,工作稳定可靠,并能够达到灵活控制波束形状的要求,使之完全达到高速列车(特别是磁浮列车)通信的垂直面波束在不同的地理环境中不同要求的情况。Due to the adoption of a shaped lens of a certain specification, the present invention can perform second beam forming on the outgoing wave emitted from the shaped reflector, and the shaped lens and the shaped reflector form an included angle of 45°±2o, opposite poles There is no influence on the polarization, not only can maintain a certain width of the outgoing wave in the horizontal direction, but also realize its extremely narrow beam in the vertical direction, so as to meet the technical requirements of forming a 38GHz base station communication antenna with fan-shaped beam and circular polarization characteristics. This makes the structure of the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming of the present invention simpler and more flexible, can effectively avoid the interference of the electromagnetic field of the maglev high-speed train, works stably and reliably, and can meet the requirements of flexible control of the beam shape, making it completely To meet the different requirements of vertical surface beams for communication of high-speed trains (especially maglev trains) in different geographical environments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线的立体图;Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional view of the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna of secondary beamforming of the present invention;
图2是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线的结构主视示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the structure of the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming of the present invention;
图3是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线的结构左视示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic left view of the structure of a high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming according to the present invention;
图4是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线的结构右视示意图;Fig. 4 is a right view schematic diagram of the structure of the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming according to the present invention;
图5是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线的赋形反射板结构示意图;5 is a schematic structural diagram of a shaped reflector of a high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming according to the present invention;
图6是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线中透镜表面是凸起的天线方向图;Fig. 6 is an antenna pattern in which the lens surface is convex in the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming according to the present invention;
图7是本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线中透镜表面是凹陷的天线方向图。Fig. 7 is a diagram of the antenna pattern in which the lens surface is concave in the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步阐述。The present invention will be further elaborated below in combination with specific embodiments.
请参见图1和图2所示,根据车地无线通信天线系统的要求,基站通信天线(即地面基站天线)以合适的高度被分别架设在轨道沿线的天线杆上,并且每个天线杆上的基站通信天线应能同时满足A、B两个通信网络的通信。每个通信网络需要分别工作在两个频率上的收发两个天线。Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, according to the requirements of the vehicle-ground wireless communication antenna system, the base station communication antenna (that is, the ground base station antenna) is erected on the antenna poles along the track at an appropriate height, and each antenna pole The communication antenna of the base station should be able to satisfy the communication of A and B communication networks at the same time. Each communication network requires two antennas for transmitting and receiving that work on two frequencies respectively.
因此,为了通用性,本发明二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线,包含第一组基站通信天线组合和第二组基站通信天线组合,该两组基站通信天线组合对称设置;每组基站通信天线组合包含若干副结构完全相同的基站通信天线,每副基站通信天线均能在需要的两个频率上工作;Therefore, for the sake of versatility, the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna for secondary beamforming of the present invention includes a first group of base station communication antenna combinations and a second group of base station communication antenna combinations, and the two groups of base station communication antenna combinations are arranged symmetrically; each The base station communication antenna combination includes several base station communication antennas with the same secondary structure, and each base station communication antenna can work on the two required frequencies;
每副基站通信天线包含毫米波圆锥喇叭天线2、方波导到圆波导过渡装置1、赋形反射板3、印制栅条4以及赋形透镜5。Each base station communication antenna includes a millimeter-wave conical horn antenna 2 , a square waveguide-to-circular waveguide transition device 1 , a
其中,方波导到圆波导过渡装置1设在毫米波圆锥喇叭天线2的下方,并且和毫米波圆锥喇叭天线2相互连接;该毫米波圆锥喇叭天线2采用张角和口径适当的圆锥喇叭天线,使其初级场方向图较宽而又不发生开裂。Wherein, the transition device 1 from the square waveguide to the circular waveguide is arranged under the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna 2, and is connected to the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna 2; the millimeter-wave conical horn antenna 2 adopts a conical horn antenna with an appropriate opening angle and diameter, Make its primary field pattern wider without cracking.
每个毫米波圆锥喇叭天线2的上方各对应设有一个赋形反射板3,如图5所示,该赋形反射板3由介质材料制成,其与地面成45°±2°的倾角,能够保证从赋形反射板3出射的出射波保持水平方向;为了满足基站通信天线方向图辐射波瓣宽度的指标要求(即方位面的波瓣宽,垂直面的波瓣窄),该赋形反射板3的下端面为凹陷的圆弧面,该圆弧面上设有印制栅条4,因此,毫米波圆锥喇叭天线1的宽波束在方位面不变的情况下,其垂直面波束被压窄,从而完成对波束的第一次赋形,且波束由线极化变换为圆极化,实现了波束赋形和变极化的结合,同时把波束出射的方向由向上转变成向前向水平射出;采用圆极化波束的优点是:(1)抗干扰能力较线极化强;(2)在剧烈摆动或滚动的机动车上安装圆极化天线,可以在任何状态下收到信息;(3)在电视广播或有图像传输的通讯中采用圆极化天线可克服重影。Each millimeter-wave conical horn antenna 2 is provided with a
请参见图3、图4所示,结合图2,图3代表的是图2中左侧的赋形反射板3的印制栅条4的视图,图4代表的是图2中右侧的赋形反射板3的印制栅条4的视图,可见,左右两侧赋形反射板3的印制栅条4斜向正交,而两组基站通信天线的旋向相反(分别为左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化),使两种极化相互隔离,可以有效克服相互的影响。基站通信天线与车载通信天线上所面对的天线的旋向须一致。Please refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, combined with Fig. 2, Fig. 3 represents the view of the printed
请参见图1和图2所示,在不同的环境下,对通信天线的波束要求也完全不同,为了能够符合在不同的波束要求下的通用性,采用了赋形透镜5,该赋形透镜5垂直于水平面,并设置在赋形反射板3的前方,且与赋形反射板3成45°±2o倾角,毫米波圆锥喇叭天线中出射的电磁波经赋形反射板折射后水平向前射入赋形透镜,赋形透镜5中心的高度与出射波束的主瓣的中心位置等高,并且在水平距离上距离毫米波圆锥喇叭天线1中心的位置约为波长λ的11倍,因此,赋形透镜5能够对从赋形反射板3出射的波进行二次赋形,实现设计要求中不同要求的波束宽度。Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in different environments, the requirements for the beam of the communication antenna are completely different, in order to meet the versatility under different beam requirements, a shaped lens 5 is adopted, the shaped lens 5 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and is arranged in front of the
请参见图6和图7所示,赋形透镜5对波束赋形的效果取决于不同的曲率,如果为表面凸起的透镜的话,则对波束产生汇聚的作用,二次赋形后得到的扇形波束方向图如图6所示,此时,该赋形透镜5的曲线采用曲线方程y2=-2×p×z来规范,其中p为常数;反之,如果透镜表面为凹陷的话,则对波束产生发散的作用,二次赋形后得到的扇形波束方向图如图7所示,此时,该赋形透镜5的曲线采用曲线方程z2/2-y2/2=1来规范。不同的波束,赋形要求也是不同的,因而会相应的调整赋形透镜5的曲率。Please refer to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the effect of shaping lens 5 on beam shaping depends on different curvatures. If it is a lens with a convex surface, it will have a converging effect on the beam, obtained after the second shaping The fan beam pattern is shown in Figure 6. At this time, the curve of the shaped lens 5 is regulated by the curve equation y 2 =-2×p×z, where p is a constant; otherwise, if the lens surface is concave, then For the divergence of the beam, the fan-shaped beam pattern obtained after the second shaping is shown in Figure 7. At this time, the curve of the shaping lens 5 is standardized by the curve equation z 2 /2-y 2 /2=1 . Different beams have different shaping requirements, so the curvature of the shaping lens 5 will be adjusted accordingly.
赋形透镜5的材料选用聚四氟乙烯,该材料为常见的介质材料,具有对透射波的损耗小,价格便宜等的优势。用该材料做成的赋形透镜5一方面能够实现对波束的赋形要求,其次由于该材料的介电常数较小,对赋形后产生的投射波的损耗也比较小,有助于减小系统损耗。The material of the shaped lens 5 is polytetrafluoroethylene, which is a common dielectric material and has the advantages of low loss of transmitted waves and low price. The shaping lens 5 made of this material can realize the shaping requirements of the beam on the one hand, and secondly, because the dielectric constant of the material is small, the loss of the projected wave generated after shaping is also relatively small, which helps to reduce the Minor system loss.
综上所述,本发明提供的二次波束赋形的高功率圆极化基站天线,能有效避免磁悬浮高速列车电磁场干扰,对波束宽度设计更加精准灵活,结构更加简单灵活,工作稳定可靠,能够完全达到高速列车(特别是磁浮列车)通信的垂直面波束在不同的地理环境中不同要求的情况。To sum up, the high-power circularly polarized base station antenna with secondary beamforming provided by the present invention can effectively avoid the electromagnetic field interference of maglev high-speed trains, the design of beam width is more accurate and flexible, the structure is simpler and more flexible, and the work is stable and reliable. Fully meet the different requirements of vertical surface beams for communication of high-speed trains (especially maglev trains) in different geographical environments.
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
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CN108649336A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of super skin antenna in three squints of bireflectance list transmission |
CN112103621A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-18 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic device |
CN112701437A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-23 | 苏州度风科技有限公司 | Multi-beam forming antenna system applied to wind profile radar |
CN113745848A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, use method and communication base station |
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CN101345332A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-14 | 上海磁浮交通工程技术研究中心 | Vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave communication antenna integrating shape-forming and polarization-changing |
CN101345344A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-14 | 上海磁浮交通工程技术研究中心 | Base Station Millimeter Wave Communication Antenna Integrating Shaping and Polarization Variation |
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CN101345344A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-14 | 上海磁浮交通工程技术研究中心 | Base Station Millimeter Wave Communication Antenna Integrating Shaping and Polarization Variation |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108649336A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of super skin antenna in three squints of bireflectance list transmission |
CN108649336B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2019-10-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | A double-reflection and single-transmission metasurface antenna with three beam angles |
CN112103621A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-18 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic device |
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CN113745848A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, use method and communication base station |
CN113745848B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2024-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, using method and communication base station |
CN112701437A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-23 | 苏州度风科技有限公司 | Multi-beam forming antenna system applied to wind profile radar |
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