TWI587577B - Reflective array antenna structure - Google Patents

Description

Reflective array antenna structure

The invention relates to a reflective array antenna structure, in particular to a method capable of placing a plurality of single reflection units on a phase compensation principle as a reflection array plate, and generating a focus when the arrangement is adjusted to the same phase. It has high directivity and high gain.

As modern satellite communications, point-to-point microwave communications, and space exploration technologies are rapidly growing, and development is becoming more diverse, high-gain large-caliber antennas are playing an increasingly important role in radar systems and long-distance communications. The common high-gain antennas currently mainly have dish antennas, array antennas, and reflective array antennas, which are characterized in that the larger array space is used to enable the energy radiated into the space by the antenna source to be effectively concentrated. The ability to convert to a positive gain boost will reduce noise interference and higher energy communication quality;

Among them, the dish antenna has the highest efficiency among the above three types of high-gain antennas, but the conventional dish antenna has the disadvantages of being bulky and cumbersome, so the cost of construction is the highest among the three types, unless a large number of modular production, It is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the dish antenna. In addition, the dish antenna determines the bandwidth of the dish antenna while selecting the feed source antenna. However, it is difficult to realize a wide-angle electron beam by the structure. scanning;

Although the microstrip array antenna is a planar structure, each radiating element on the antenna is separately fed by the transmission line, so the architecture is relatively complicated and difficult to manufacture; in addition, the power loss on the transmission line needs to be considered. It is difficult to compare with the dish antenna and the reflective array antenna in terms of efficiency. In addition, although the processing of the microstrip array antenna is simple, when combined into a large array antenna, a complex power distribution feed network is required, and the power loss generated by the transmission process is inevitable; although the microstrip array structure can be used A wide-angle beam scan is achieved, but the need to mount a controllable phase shifter with a back-end beamformer and a power amplifier module will increase the cost of the product.

In addition, due to the process of transmitting satellites to the ground, Faraday rotation will occur. When the transmitted electromagnetic waves pass through the high-altitude ionosphere, some of the energy will be reflected and the polarization of the remaining electromagnetic waves will be difficult to reach the ground receiver. Prediction; if a linearly polarized antenna is used as the receiving end, there may be cases where the incoming signal is incomplete and indirectly causes errors in reading; therefore, circular polarization is currently used in the transmission of satellite communications. Wave, so that the transceiver can avoid the problem of polarization of the antenna and the reduction of the amount of reflection loss when passing through the ionosphere and the polarization plane rotation that does not produce linear polarization, and will be able to transmit a more complete signal. Go further a destination.

In order to effectively reduce the defects of the dish antenna and the conventional microstrip array antenna, the development of a reflective array antenna technology between the dish antenna and the array antenna is particularly important, so if a reflective array having a planar array can be designed Antennas, in which the planar array can achieve the same effect as the dish antenna (high directivity and high gain), and the planar array design is lighter than the dish antenna, and the microstrip type planar reflective array antenna is more It has the advantages of easy production, low cost, and small volume than a dish antenna, so this should be an optimal solution.

The invention relates to a reflective array antenna structure, which is capable of arranging a plurality of single reflection units by a phase compensation principle as a reflection array plate, and performing the adjustment to the same phase, thereby generating focus and having high Directivity and high gain effects.

The reflective array antenna structure can be achieved, comprising: a reflective array plate formed by a plurality of single reflection units of different phases, the single reflective unit having a base and a cross-shaped convex formed on the surface of the base The cross-shaped protruding structure has a rectangular column in four directions, and a wall surface is recessed between the sides of any two rectangular columns; a signal emitting unit is located above the reflective array plate for radiating An electromagnetic wave; therefore, when the electromagnetic wave radiated by the signal emitting unit can contact the reflective array plate, it can be bounced and produce a focusing effect.

More specifically, the single reflecting unit is made of an all-metal material.

More specifically, the structure of the single reflection unit can generate different phase changes without affecting the reflection coefficient.

More specifically, the plurality of single reflection units are capable of arranging a plurality of single reflection units of different phases at different positions according to the principle of phase compensation to adjust to the same phase, thereby generating a focusing effect.

More specifically, the concave wall surface between the sides of any two rectangular columns is an arcuate wall surface.

Other details, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments.

Please refer to FIGS. 1~3, which are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a single reflection unit of a reflective array antenna structure, a side structure diagram of a single reflection unit, and an implementation diagram. As can be seen from the figure, the reflective array antenna structure of the present invention includes a reflection array board. 2 and a signal transmitting unit 3, wherein the reflective array panel 2 is a square array formed by a plurality of single reflecting units 1 of different phases (but not limited to being implemented as a square array, and any array of shapes is also protected by the present invention. Scope), the bottom of the single reflecting unit 1 has a base 11 and the base 11 has a cross-shaped protruding structure 12 having a rectangular column 121 in four directions, and any two A rectangular wall 121 is recessed between the side edges of the rectangular column 121, and the rectangular column 121 is parallel and perpendicular to the side of the base 11, and the height of the rectangular column 121 will produce different phase changes, thereby enabling This phase change is applied to the reference mode of the array;

In addition, since the single reflection unit 1 is a basic component constituting a square array, it must have the ability to reflect electromagnetic waves, and thus the single reflection unit 1 can be configured as an open waveguide, a planar antenna, a dipole antenna, a loop antenna, and a slotted Metal reflective surface, etc., and because of the square array placement must achieve electromagnetic wave focusing, it has high directivity and high gain, so whether to change the structure, thickness or spacing of the single reflective unit 1 Find the phase of the change without disturbing the transmission coefficient;

As shown in FIG. 3, when the signal transmitting unit 2 radiates electromagnetic waves and contacts a square array formed by a plurality of single reflecting units 1 of different phases, since the single reflecting unit 1 has electromagnetic waves The ability to reflect, so that the electromagnetic wave will be focused on a certain point, so that high gain and high pointing effect can be achieved.

How to achieve the electromagnetic wave can be focused on a certain point, where phase compensation will be the key to placing the array, the following is a phase compensation method for the array of the reflective array: (1) First find the signal transmitting unit 3 (feeding The relative position of the transmitting position and the reflection array plate 2, as shown in Fig. 4, it is necessary to find the single reflection of the feeding point 31 of the signal transmitting unit 3 (feeding antenna) to the reflecting surface 21 of the reflective array plate 2. The phase difference of the unit 1 (the reflecting surface 31 mentioned here is the surface of the reflective array panel 2, that is, the surface of a plurality of single reflecting units 1); therefore, if the feeding point 31 is located at (X _F , Y _F , Z _F ), and the positions of the individual single reflection units 1 are (X ₁ , Y ₁ , Z ₁ ), (X ₂ , Y ₂ , Z ₂ ), ... (X _n , Y _n , Z _n ), and then The position (X _F , Y _F , Z _F ) of the feed point 31 must be further determined to the position (X ₁ , Y ₁ , Z ₁ ), (X ₂ , Y ₂ , Z ₂ ) of each single reflection unit 1... .. distance of (X _n , Y _n , Z _n ); (2) according to the phase formula (d is the distance), first, the phase from the feed point 31 to each single reflection unit 1 is obtained, and the phase of the spherical wave radius (r) is subtracted to obtain the phase of the feed point 31 and each single reflection unit 1. (3) After that, set an expected position 4 (X _s , Y _s , Z _s ), and then according to the above two steps, find the expected position 4 (X _s , Y _s , Z _s ) to each single reflection unit The position of 1 (X ₁ , Y ₁ , Z ₁ ), (X ₂ , Y ₂ , Z ₂ )..... (X _n , Y _n , Z _n ), and then find the expected position 4 (X _s , Y _s , Z _s ) to the phase of each single reflection unit 1, and then obtain the phase difference between the expected position 4 (X _s , Y _s , Z _s ) and each single reflection unit 1; (4) Finally, the feed will be The phase difference between the point 31 and each single reflection unit 1 and the phase difference between the expected position 4 and each single reflection unit 1 are added, so that the phase change characteristics of each single reflection unit 1 can be utilized (but the reflection coefficient is not affected). The phase, mainly the distance difference from the incident to the focus, compensates the phase of each single reflection unit 1 to the same phase by phase compensation (for example, To generate a beam at 30 degrees, it is necessary to find an array unit height that produces a 30 degree beam) to further control any desired focus.

However, the technique of the present invention can be applied to antenna polarization, and when linear polarization and circular polarization are applied to the present invention, the manner in which each single reflection unit 1 is placed is different, and the antenna polarization principle is as follows : (1) Since RF waves actually consist of two fields (filelds), one is the electric field and the other is the magnetic field. The two fields are perpendicular to each other on the plane, and the energy moves back and forth between the electric field and the magnetic field, forming a so-called Electromagnetic field. The plane parallel to the antenna is called E-Plane, and the plane perpendicular to the antenna is called H-Plane. The electric field is directly related to the polarization of the wave. (2) Polarization is the physical orientation of the antenna in horizontal or vertical position. The direction of the electric field is parallel to the metal emitting elements of the antenna. If the electric field is parallel to the ground, horizontal polarization is formed. If the electric field is perpendicular to the ground, vertical is generated. polarization. Radio waves must maintain the same polarization direction. If the antennas are not aligned in the correct direction, the antennas will not be polarized in the same way, resulting in ineffective communication with each other. (3) If the arrangement angle of polarization is 45 degrees, the power is about half (-3dB); if it is 90 degrees, the power is about one percent (-20dB). The fence can describe the operation of the antenna polarization very specifically. Each fence can be used as a polarization device. The wave motion of the rope is used as the electromagnetic wave motion. When the arrangement between the fences is the same, the rope can be moved in the same plane. Through the fence; if the fence is arranged differently, the wave operation of the rope will be blocked and cannot pass. If the movement of light is explained, the effect of polarization can also be explained.

The advantages of the reflective array antenna structure provided by the present invention when compared with other conventional techniques are as follows: 1. The present invention is capable of placing a plurality of single reflection units on a phase compensation principle as a reflection array plate and performing pendulum When the adjustment is made to the same phase, focus can be produced with high directivity and high gain. 2. The reflective array antenna structure of the present invention is a high gain focusing reflective array antenna designed for millimeter waves, which can achieve the same effect as a dish antenna in a planar array, and can provide high directivity and high gain equivalent energy. And because the millimeter frequency band is higher and the relative wavelength is shorter, it can be applied not only to the outdoor but also to the indoor communication application. 3. The reflective array antenna structure of the present invention changes the structure of the dish antenna to a planar structure and achieves the same high directivity and high gain effect of the dish antenna, and the present invention places the single reflection unit in a square array. Form, also achieves the ability to reflect focus, and meet the high directivity and high gain effect.

The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any of those skilled in the art can understand the foregoing technical features and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the invention. In the spirit and scope, the scope of patent protection of the present invention is subject to the definition of the claims attached to the present specification.

<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="_0002"><TBODY><tr><td> 1 </td><td> Single reflection unit</td></tr><tr> <td> 11 </td><td> pedestal</td></tr><tr><td> 12 </td><td> cross-shaped bulge structure</td></tr><tr> <td> 121 </td><td> Rectangular Column</td></tr><tr><td> 122 </td><td> Wall </td></tr><tr><td> 2 </td><td> Reflective Array Board</td></tr><tr><td> 21 </td><td> Reflective Surface </td></tr><tr><td> 3 </td><td> Signal Transmitting Unit</td></tr><tr><td> 31 </td><td> Feeding Point</td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td> Expected location</td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>

[Fig. 1] is a schematic view showing the structure of a single reflection unit of the reflective array antenna structure of the present invention. [Fig. 2] is a side view showing the structure of a single reflection unit of the reflective array antenna structure of the present invention. [Fig. 3] is a schematic view showing the implementation of the structure of the reflective array antenna of the present invention. [Fig. 4] is a schematic diagram showing the reflection focusing of the reflective array antenna structure of the present invention.

<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="_0003"><TBODY><tr><td> 1 </td><td> Single reflection unit</td></tr><tr> <td> 2 </td><td> Reflective Array Board</td></tr><tr><td> 3 </td><td> Signal Transmitting Unit</td></tr></TBODY ></TABLE>

Claims (4)

A reflective array antenna structure comprises: a reflective array plate formed by a plurality of single reflection units of different phases, the single reflective unit having a base and a cross-shaped protruding structure formed on the surface of the base The cross-shaped protruding structure has a rectangular column in four directions, and a wall surface is recessed between the sides of any two rectangular columns; a signal emitting unit is located above the reflective array plate for radiating an electromagnetic wave Therefore, when the electromagnetic wave radiated by the signal transmitting unit can contact the reflective array plate, it can be bounced and produce a focusing effect, and several single reflecting units can be several at different positions according to the principle of phase compensation. The single reflection unit of different phases is placed to adjust to the same phase, and the focusing effect can be generated. The phase compensation must find the relative position of the emission position of the signal transmitting unit and the reflective array board, and then set an expected position. Find the distance from the expected position to the position of each single reflection unit, and then find the expected position to each After the phase of a reflecting unit, the phase difference between the expected position and each single reflecting unit is obtained, and finally, the phase difference between the feeding point of the signal transmitting unit and each single reflecting unit and the expected position and the phase difference of each single reflecting unit are Addition, in this way, the phase of the phase change of each single reflection unit can be used to compensate the phase. The reflective array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the single reflective unit is made of an all-metal material. The reflective array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the structure of the single reflective unit is capable of generating different phase changes without affecting the reflection coefficient. The reflective array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the concave wall surface between the sides of any two rectangular columns is a curved wall surface.