CN109713433B

CN109713433B - Split type radiating element, antenna array and base station antenna

Info

Publication number: CN109713433B
Application number: CN201910036012.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚旺; 孙彦明; 谢晖; 田佰文
Original assignee: Wuhan Hongxin Technology Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-15
Filing date: 2019-01-15
Publication date: 2022-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-15
Also published as: CN109713433A

Abstract

The invention provides a split type radiation unit, an antenna array and a base station antenna, and relates to the technical field of mobile communication. The split type radiation unit comprises four dipoles which are independent of each other, the four dipoles are opposite in pairs and are in orthogonal distribution, each dipole comprises a pair of baluns, each balun comprises a vertical section and a bent section, the vertical section extends in the vertical direction, one end, far away from the radiation arm, of the vertical section is fixedly connected with the bent section, and the bent section and the radiation arm are located in the same plane. The four dipoles in the split type radiation unit are mutually independent and are oppositely and orthogonally distributed in pairs, so that the split type radiation unit is convenient to adapt to staggered distribution of the FAD radiation unit, and the low-frequency radiation unit is fused in the split type radiation unit on the basis of not adjusting the FAD intelligent antenna; balun in the dipole includes can avoid FAD radiating element's radiating surface along vertical direction's vertical section and the bending segment that extends, guarantees that the radiation performance index between split type radiating element and the FAD radiating element does not influence each other, and stability is high.

Description

Split type radiating element, antenna array and base station antenna

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a split type radiating unit, an antenna array and a base station antenna.

Background

With the deep coverage of the 4G network, the problems of shortage of antenna space resources of the base station and high site rent are highlighted, and in order to more effectively utilize the site resources and realize the common-site and common-antenna-feed of antennas of various systems, operators at home and abroad hope to fuse and array the antennas of various systems into one antenna housing to form a miniaturized multi-port antenna. For example, china mobile proposes that a 900/1800MHz four-channel independent electrically-tuned antenna and an FAD frequency range independent electrically-tuned intelligent antenna are fused and arrayed into a one-sided antenna to form a 900/FA/D4+8 independent electrically-tuned intelligent antenna and a 900/1800/FA/D4 +8 independent electrically-tuned intelligent antenna.

On the premise of ensuring the gain of each standard frequency band, when the antenna volume is compressed as much as possible, a 900MHz radiation unit is inevitably fused into the FAD intelligent antenna array. However, FAD smart antennas are usually arrayed in a staggered arrangement, which makes it difficult to merge the 900MHz radiating elements in a common square or circular structure.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a split type radiation unit, so as to solve the problem that the existing 900MHz radiation unit is difficult to be integrated into the FAD smart antenna array.

The second purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna array using the above-mentioned split type radiation unit, so as to realize the fusion of the radiation unit of 900MHz and the FAD smart antenna array.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a base station antenna using the above antenna array to reduce the size of the base station antenna.

(II) technical scheme

In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a split type radiation unit, including four dipoles arranged independently, where the four dipoles are opposite to each other in pairs and are distributed orthogonally, each of the dipoles includes a pair of baluns, each of the baluns includes a vertical section and a bent section, the vertical section extends in a vertical direction, one end of the vertical section, which is far away from the radiation arm, is fixedly connected to the bent section, and the bent section and the radiation arm are located in a same plane.

Each dipole further comprises a pair of radiation arms, the pair of radiation arms are orthogonally arranged, and the vertical sections of the pair of baluns are connected with the pair of radiation arms in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

The feed piece is connected with the top of one of the pair of baluns at one end, a cable connecting column is arranged at the other end of the feed piece, and the cable connecting column penetrates through the other of the pair of baluns and is arranged in a suspended mode.

The gaps between the vertical sections of the balun are 3-5 mm, and the bending sections bend towards the direction of the radiation arms.

The length of the radiation arm is 1/4 of the central frequency wavelength, the height of the balun is 1/4 of the central frequency wavelength, and the diagonal lines of two oppositely arranged dipoles are perpendicular to the diagonal lines of the other two oppositely arranged dipoles.

The radiating arm and the balun are both in hollow structures, and one end, far away from the balun, of the radiating arm bends towards the direction of the base.

Each dipole still includes the base, the bending section of balun with the base links to each other, the base includes fixed beam and fixed connection and is in two extension roof beams at fixed beam both ends, two the tip of extending the roof beam with a pair of the balun corresponds and is connected, extend the roof beam and deviate from one side of radiation arm is equipped with screw hole and reference column.

In order to solve the second technical problem, the present invention provides an antenna array, which includes a reflector, four FAD radiation units, and the above-mentioned distributed radiation units, where the four FAD radiation units are staggered on the reflector, the distributed radiation units are fixedly connected to the reflector through threads, and four dipoles of the distributed radiation units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the four FAD radiation units.

Wherein the included angle between the bending section and the reflecting plate is 30-40 degrees; the distance between the fixed beam and the reflecting plate is 1 mm-3 mm.

In order to solve the third technical problem, the present invention provides a base station antenna, which includes a plurality of antenna arrays as described above.

(III) advantageous effects

The four dipoles in the split type radiation unit are arranged independently, the installation position can be properly adjusted to adapt to the FAD radiation units which are arranged in a staggered mode, and the split type radiation unit is convenient and simple to install; the four dipoles are opposite in pairs and are distributed orthogonally, so that a good cross polar ratio index can be obtained; the balun in the dipole comprises a vertical section and a bent section, wherein the vertical section extends along the vertical direction, so that the balun is conveniently and compactly installed in the FAD radiating units which are arranged in a staggered manner, the miniaturization of the antenna volume is realized, meanwhile, the radiating surface of the FAD radiating unit is effectively avoided, the radiation performance indexes between the split type radiating unit and the FAD radiating unit are not influenced mutually, the stability is high, and the balun is suitable for a wireless communication network;

according to the antenna array provided by the invention, the split type radiation units are used, so that the staggered distribution of the FAD radiation units can be adapted, the conventional low-frequency radiation units are fused in the FAD intelligent antenna array, and the mutual influence of radiation performance indexes between the conventional low-frequency radiation units and the FAD intelligent antenna array is effectively avoided;

the base station antenna provided by the invention can effectively reduce the size of the antenna, realize miniaturization and realize the fusion of the low-frequency radiation unit and the FAD intelligent antenna by using the antenna array.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective structural view of a split type radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the split radiating element shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the dipole shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 100. a split radiating element; 10. a dipole; 11. a base; 111. a fixed beam; 112. an extension beam; 113. a threaded hole; 114. a positioning column; 12. a balun; 13. a radiation arm; 20. a feeding sheet; 200. a reflective plate; 300. a FAD radiation unit; 400. a conventional square 900MHz radiating element; 500. an 1800MHz radiating element.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the split type radiation unit 100 in the embodiment of the present invention includes four dipoles 10 independently arranged, the four dipoles 10 are opposite to each other in pairs, connecting lines formed by the two opposite dipoles 10 after being connected are perpendicular to each other and are distributed orthogonally, and preferably, a quadrilateral formed by sequentially connecting feeding points of the four dipoles 10 is a rhombus. The four dipoles 10 have the same structure, each dipole 10 comprises a pair of baluns 12, and each balun 12 comprises a vertical section and a bent section; the vertical section extends along the vertical direction; the bending section and the radiation arm 11 are located in the same plane, and one end of the bending section is fixedly connected with the lower end of the vertical section or integrally formed. Note that the vertical direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the reflection plate.

In order to reduce the size, the FAD smart antenna usually uses a smaller column pitch (less than 100 mm), and the coupling between columns is removed by staggering the columns. The four dipoles 10 in the split type radiation unit 100 provided by the invention are arranged independently, the installation positions can be properly adjusted to adapt to the FAD radiation units which are staggered, and the adjustment is convenient; the four dipoles 10 are opposite in pairs and are distributed orthogonally, so that a good cross polar ratio index can be obtained; balun in the dipole includes vertical section and kinking section, and wherein vertical section extends along vertical direction to be convenient for compactly install this split type radiating element 100 in the FAD radiating element of staggered arrangement, and avoid FAD radiating element's radiating surface, guarantee that the radiation performance index between split type radiating element 100 and the FAD radiating element does not influence each other, stability is high, is applicable to wireless communication network.

Specifically, each dipole 10 further includes a base 11 and a radiating arm 13; two radiation arms 13 are arranged in pairs; the two radiating arms 13 are each connected to the base 11 via a balun 12. Two radiation arms 13 in the same dipole 10 are arranged perpendicular to each other; one end of each radiating arm 13 far away from the balun 12 is bent towards the base 11, and the total length of the radiating arms 13 is 1/4 of the wavelength of the central frequency. The radiation arm 13 comprises a cross arm and an extension arm, and the bending part of the radiation arm 13 forms the extension arm; the cross arm is arranged in parallel to the reflecting plate, and a groove is formed in one side of the cross arm facing the outside to form a hollow structure; the extension arm is perpendicular to the horizontal arm and extends vertically downwards, and the cross-sectional shape of this extension arm is right trapezoid shape.

The vertical section of the balun 12 is hollow to form a hollow structure, and the bending section bends towards the direction of the radiation arm 11; the gap between two baluns 11 in the same dipole 10 is 3 mm-5 mm, preferably, the vertical sections of the two baluns 11 are arranged in parallel, the distance between the two baluns 11 is 4mm, and the height of the balun 12 is 1/4 of the wavelength of the central frequency. The intersection point of the symmetric line between the pair of baluns 12 and the radiation plane formed by the pair of radiation arms 11 is a feeding point, the feeding points between the two opposite dipoles 10 are connected to form a diagonal line, and the two diagonal lines formed by the four dipoles 10 are perpendicular to each other.

In addition, the split type radiating element 100 further includes feed pieces 20, one feed piece 20 is mounted on each dipole 10, one end of each feed piece 20 is connected to the top of one balun 12 of the dipole 10 where the feed piece is located, the other end of each feed piece 20 is suspended through the other balun 12, and a cable connection post is arranged at the suspended end so that a coaxial cable wire can pass through and be welded on the feed piece 20. Correspondingly, a welding groove for the coaxial cable to pass through is arranged at the bottom of the balun 12.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the base 11 includes a fixed beam 111 and an extension beam 112; two extending beams 112 are provided, one end of the fixed beam 111 is connected with the end part of one extending beam 112, and the other end of the fixed beam 111 is connected with the end part of the other extending beam 112; the ends of the two extending beams 112, which are not connected to the fixed beam 111, are connected to the two baluns 12 in the same dipole 10 in a one-to-one correspondence. A threaded hole 113 and a positioning column 114 are arranged on a side of the extension beam 112 away from the radiation arm 13, and the threaded hole 113 is arranged opposite to the mounting hole on the reflector plate so as to mount the dipole on the reflector plate. The positioning post 114 is a cylindrical structure, protrudes out of the extension beam 112, and is matched with the positioning hole on the reflection plate to position the dipole 10.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the fixed beam 111 is a flat strip-shaped plate structure, and includes a main body corresponding to the balun 12 and two bending bodies connected to two ends of the main body, where the two bending bodies are respectively parallel to the radiation arm 11 on the side and located in the same vertical plane as the radiation surface on the corresponding side. The extension beam 112 is in an irregular concave structure, wherein one end of the extension beam is overlapped and fixed with the end part of the fixed beam 111, and the other end of the extension beam is fixedly connected with the bending section of the balun 12. The base 11 supports the radiation arm 13 by a certain height through the extension beam 112, so as to avoid the radiation arm 13 and the FAD radiation unit from colliding with each other.

Specifically, an included angle between a bending section in the balun 12 and the reflection plate 200 is 30-40 degrees, preferably, the included angle between the bending section and the reflection plate 200 is 34 degrees so as to be matched with other structural parameters to realize an expected impedance matching frequency band, a distance between the fixed beam 111 and the reflection plate 200 is 1-3 mm, and preferably, a vertical distance between the fixed beam 111 and the reflection plate 200 is 2mm; the extension beam 112 is attached to the reflection plate 200.

Fig. 4 shows a used antenna array of the distributed radiation unit 100, specifically, the antenna array includes the distributed radiation unit 100, a reflector 200, and FAD radiation units 300, four dipoles 10 in the distributed radiation unit 100 are arranged in a staggered manner, four FAD radiation units 300 are provided, and the four FAD radiation units 300 and the four dipoles 10 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner. According to the antenna array in the embodiment of the invention, by adopting the split type radiation unit 100, 900M radiation units can be fused in the FAD intelligent antenna, the horizontal wave width of the split type radiation unit 100 is converged in a frequency band of 880 MHz-960 MHz, the axial cross polar ratio is greater than 18dB, the standing wave ratio is less than 1.5, and the isolation is less than-25 dB.

In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a base station antenna, and the base station antenna uses the antenna array. Taking an antenna fused with 4+8 as an example, as shown in fig. 5 specifically, distributed radiation unit 100 and FAD radiation unit 300 are fused into a combined array according to the arrangement mode of the antenna array. In order to avoid mutual interference between two adjacent columns of distributed radiation units 100, the distributed radiation units 100 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the inter-column isolation of the 900M array is also improved. The radiation arm of the distributed radiation unit 100 avoids the radiation surface of the FAD radiation unit 300, so that the radiation characteristics between the two are not affected. The total length of the 4+8 independent electrically-tuned intelligent antenna manufactured by each conventional antenna manufacturer exceeds 2m, and when the 4+8 independent electrically-tuned intelligent antenna is manufactured in the array mode shown in fig. 5, the total length of the antenna can be shortened to 1.5m and the width is controlled within 0.4m on the premise of ensuring the gain (14/13.5/14.5/15.5 dBi), so that the overall size of the antenna is effectively reduced.

Continuing to refer to fig. 6, a scheme of a 4+8 fused antenna including 900MHz, 1800MHz and FAD frequency bands is adopted, the distributed radiating unit 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention is skillfully embedded therein, and forms a 5 × 2 unit array with the conventional square 900MHz radiating unit 400, and the 1800MHz radiating unit 500 is fused with the conventional square 900MHz radiating unit 400, so as to form a 7 × 2 unit array. The FAD radiation elements 300 adopt a 9 x 4 staggered arrangement. The gain of each frequency band of 900/1800/F/A/D can be ensured to be more than 14/16.5/13.5/14.5/15.5dBi, the antenna length can be controlled within 1.9m, and the width is controlled within 0.4 m. It should be noted that the 900M radiating element 400 shown in fig. 6 may be any 900MHz radiating element in the prior art, and the 1800MHz radiating element 500 shown in fig. 6 may be any 1800MHz radiating element in the prior art.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. An antenna array is characterized by comprising a reflecting plate, FAD radiating elements and split radiating elements, wherein the FAD radiating elements are four, the four FAD radiating elements are arranged on the reflecting plate in a staggered manner, the split radiating elements are fixedly connected with the reflecting plate through threads, the split radiating elements comprise four mutually independent dipoles, the four dipoles are opposite to each other in pairs and are distributed orthogonally, each dipole comprises a pair of baluns, each balun comprises a vertical section and a bent section, the vertical section extends along the vertical direction, one end, far away from the radiating arms of the dipole, of the vertical section is fixedly connected with the bent section, the bent section and the radiating arms are located in the same plane, a quadrangle formed by sequentially connecting feeding points of the four dipoles is a rhombus, and the four dipoles of the split radiating elements are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the four FAD radiating elements; the included angle between the bending section and the reflecting plate is 30-40 degrees; each dipole further comprises a base, the bending sections of the baluns are connected with the base, the base comprises a fixed beam and two extension beams fixedly connected to two ends of the fixed beam, the end portions of the two extension beams are correspondingly connected with the baluns, a threaded hole and a positioning column are arranged on one side, away from the radiation arm, of the extension beam, and the distance between the fixed beam and the reflecting plate is 1-3 mm; the extension beam is attached to the reflecting plate.

2. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein each of the dipoles further comprises a pair of radiating arms, the pair of radiating arms being orthogonally disposed, and the vertical segments of the pair of baluns are connected to the pair of radiating arms in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The antenna array of claim 1, further comprising a feeding plate, wherein one end of the feeding plate is connected to the top of one of the pair of baluns, and the other end of the feeding plate is provided with a cable connection column, and the cable connection column passes through the other of the pair of baluns and is suspended.

4. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the gap between the vertical sections of the pair of baluns is 3 mm-5 mm, and the bent section is bent toward the radiating arm.

5. An antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the radiating arms have a length of 1/4 of the center frequency wavelength and the balun has a height of 1/4 of the center frequency wavelength, wherein the diagonals of two oppositely disposed dipoles are perpendicular to the diagonals of the other two oppositely disposed dipoles.

6. An antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the radiating arms and the baluns are both hollow structures, and one end of the radiating arm away from the baluns is bent towards the base.

7. A base station antenna comprising a plurality of antenna arrays as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.