CN210111046U - Base station antenna - Google Patents
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- CN210111046U CN210111046U CN201921025991.3U CN201921025991U CN210111046U CN 210111046 U CN210111046 U CN 210111046U CN 201921025991 U CN201921025991 U CN 201921025991U CN 210111046 U CN210111046 U CN 210111046U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a base station antenna, include: an array of radiating elements comprising a plurality of radiating elements; and a radio frequency lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of the plurality of radiating elements, the radio frequency lens including a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the radio frequency lens being divided into a plurality of portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the plurality of portions respectively having respective refractive indices for the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the plurality of portions are arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first one of the plurality of portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and other ones of the plurality of portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first one of the plurality of portions.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to cellular communication systems, and more particularly, to base station antennas.
Background
Each cell in a cellular communication system possesses one or more antennas configured to provide two-way wireless/RF communication to mobile users geographically located within the given cell. One or more antennas may provide service to a cell, where multiple antennas are typically used and each antenna is configured to provide service to one sector of the cell. Typically, these multiple sector antennas are deployed on a tower and are served by respective sectors by the radiation beam (also referred to herein as an "antenna beam") generated by each outward-facing antenna.
Fig. 1A is a schematic diagram of a conventional base station 10. As shown in fig. 1A, the base station 10 includes an antenna 20 that may be mounted on a raised structure 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the raised structure 30 is a small antenna tower, but it should be understood that a variety of mounting locations may be used, including, for example, utility poles, buildings, water towers, and the like. As further shown in fig. 1A, the base station 10 also includes base station equipment, such as a baseband unit 40 and a radio 42. To simplify the drawing, a single baseband unit 40 and a single radio 42 are shown in fig. 1A. It should be understood that more than one baseband unit 40 and/or radio 42 may be provided. Additionally, although the radio 42 is shown as being co-located with the baseband device 40 at the bottom of the raised structure 30, it should be understood that in other cases, the radio 42 may be a remote radio head mounted on the raised structure 30 adjacent to the antenna. The baseband unit 40 may receive data from another source, such as a backhaul network (not shown), and may process the data and provide a data stream to the radio 42. Radio 42 may generate RF signals including data encoded therein and may amplify and transmit these RF signals to antenna 20 for transmission over cable connection 44. It should also be understood that the base station 10 of fig. 1A may generally include various other devices (not shown), such as a power supply, a battery backup, a power bus, an Antenna Interface Signal Group (AISG) controller, and the like.
Typically, a base station antenna comprises one or more phased arrays of radiating elements, wherein the radiating elements are arranged in one or more columns in the vertical direction. In this context, "vertical" refers to a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by a ground plane. The elements in the antenna being arranged, disposed or extending in a vertical direction means that the elements are arranged, disposed or extending in a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the ground plane when the antenna is mounted on a support structure for operation and there is no physical tilt.
In a cellular base station having a conventional 3-sector configuration, each sector antenna typically has a beamwidth of about 65 ° (when referring to "beamwidth" herein, unless otherwise specified, it refers to an azimuth plane (azimuth plane) half-power (-3dB) beamwidth), as shown in fig. 1B. Alternatively, the base station may have a 6-sector configuration, which may be used to increase system capacity. In a 6 sector cellular configuration, a dual beam antenna is typically used that produces two separate antenna beams pointing in different directions in the azimuth plane. Each antenna beam may have a narrower beam width than the antennas used in the 3-sector configuration, and both antenna beams may be directed toward the middle of the adjacent sector in the azimuth plane. Since the dual-beam antenna covers two sectors, three dual-beam antennas can provide full coverage for a 6-sector configuration base station. An exemplary radiation pattern in the azimuth plane for a dual beam antenna is shown in fig. 1C. As shown in fig. 1C, the radiation pattern has two antenna beams with different azimuth boresight orientations, and each antenna beam has a narrower beam width of about 33 °. The two antenna beams cover 2 adjacent sectors in a cell with 6 sectors.
Multiple columns of radiating elements may be configured in the antenna to obtain an antenna beam with a narrower beamwidth, for example 3 or 4 columns of radiating elements. An antenna with a radio frequency lens may also be used to obtain a narrower beamwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a base station antenna suitable for use in a cellular communication system.
According to the utility model discloses an aspect provides a base station antenna, include: an array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and a radio frequency lens positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation, the radio frequency lens including a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the radio frequency lens being divided into a plurality of portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the plurality of portions respectively having respective refractive indices for the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the plurality of portions are arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first one of the plurality of portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and other ones of the plurality of portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first one of the plurality of portions.
According to the utility model discloses a second aspect provides a base station antenna, include: an array of radiating elements; and a radio frequency lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of each radiating element of the array of radiating elements, the radio frequency lens having a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the radio frequency lens is divided into first to third portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the first to third portions extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the radio frequency lens, respectively, and having first to third dielectric constants, respectively, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the radio frequency lens, the second and third portions being located on opposite sides of the first portion in a width direction of the radio frequency lens, respectively, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than both the second and third dielectric constants.
According to the utility model discloses a third aspect provides a base station antenna, include: a linear array of one or more radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and a radio frequency lens positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation, the radio frequency lens comprising a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the linear array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for the electromagnetic radiation, the plurality of strip portions being arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first one of the plurality of strip portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and other ones of the plurality of strip portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first one of the plurality of strip portions.
According to the utility model discloses a fourth aspect provides a base station antenna, include: a first array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam; a second array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam; a first backplate, the first array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the first backplate; a second backplate, the second array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the second backplate; a first radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the first array of radiating elements; and a second radio frequency condenser lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of the second array of radiating elements, wherein the first and second backplates are positioned such that an angle between an outer side surface of the first backplate and an outer side surface of the second backplate is greater than 180 degrees such that the first beam and the second beam have different pointing directions in a horizontal direction.
According to the utility model discloses a fifth aspect provides a base station antenna, include: a first array of radiating elements configured to operate in a first frequency band and to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam; a second array of radiating elements configured to operate in the first frequency band and to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam; a third array of radiating elements configured to operate at a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; a first backplate, the first array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the first backplate; a second backplate, the second array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the second backplate; and a third backplate, the third array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the third backplate, wherein the first and second backplates are positioned such that an angle between the outer side surface of the first backplate and the outer side surface of the second backplate is greater than 180 degrees such that the first beam and the second beam have different pointing directions; and the third back plate is positioned between the first and second back plates.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1A is a simplified schematic diagram schematically illustrating a conventional base station in a cellular communication system.
Fig. 1B is a schematic diagram showing the signal radiation pattern in the azimuth plane of each sector antenna in a conventional 3-sector cellular configuration.
Fig. 1C is a schematic illustration of the signal radiation pattern in the azimuth plane of each dual-beam antenna in a conventional 6-sector cellular configuration.
Fig. 2A is a highly simplified horizontal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a base station antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a backplane angle in the base station antenna in fig. 2A.
Fig. 3A is a perspective view schematically illustrating one rf lens in the base station antenna of fig. 2A, showing portions of the rf lens.
Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating electrical thicknesses of portions included in the radio frequency lens in fig. 3A.
Fig. 4A to 4D are highly simplified horizontal cross-sectional views respectively schematically illustrating a radio frequency lens in a base station antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view schematically illustrating a radio frequency lens in a base station antenna according to still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of portions included in the radio frequency lens are illustrated.
Fig. 6 and 7 are highly simplified horizontal cross-sectional views, respectively, schematically illustrating base station antennas according to further embodiments of the present invention, with the radome removed.
Note that in the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals are used in common between different drawings to denote the same portions or portions having the same functions, and a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. In some cases, similar reference numbers and letters are used to denote similar items, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be discussed further in subsequent figures.
For convenience of understanding, the positions, sizes, ranges, and the like of the respective structures shown in the drawings and the like do not sometimes indicate actual positions, sizes, ranges, and the like. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the positions, dimensions, ranges, and the like disclosed in the drawings and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, the embodiments described below are intended to provide a more complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. It is also to be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein can be combined in various ways to provide further additional embodiments.
It should be understood that like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the several views. In the drawings, the size of some of the features may be varied for clarity.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
When an element is referred to herein as being "on," attached to, "" connected to, "coupled to," or "contacting" another element, etc., it can be directly on, attached to, connected to, coupled to or contacting the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly attached to," directly connected to, "directly coupled to," or "directly contacting" another element, there are no intervening elements present. In this context, one feature being disposed "adjacent" another feature may refer to one feature having a portion that overlaps or is above or below the adjacent feature.
In this document, reference may be made to elements or nodes or features being "coupled" together. Unless expressly stated otherwise, "coupled" means that one element/node/feature may be mechanically, electrically, logically, or otherwise joined to another element/node/feature in a direct or indirect manner to allow for interaction, even though the two features may not be directly connected. That is, to "couple" is intended to include both direct and indirect joining of elements or other features, including connection with one or more intermediate elements.
In this document, spatial relationship terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "high", "low", and the like may describe one feature's relationship to another feature in the drawings. It will be understood that the terms "spatially relative" encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, features originally described as "below" other features may be described as "above" other features when the device in the figures is inverted. The device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the relative spatial relationships may be interpreted accordingly.
Herein, the term "a or B" includes "a and B" and "a or B" rather than exclusively including only "a" or only "B" unless otherwise specifically stated.
In this document, the term "exemplary" means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not as a "model" that is to be reproduced exactly. Any implementation exemplarily described herein is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background, brief summary or the detailed description.
In this document, the term "substantially" is intended to encompass any minor variations due to design or manufacturing imperfections, tolerances of the devices or components, environmental influences and/or other factors. The term "substantially" also allows for differences from a perfect or ideal situation due to parasitics, noise, and other practical considerations that may exist in a practical implementation.
In addition, "first," "second," and like terms may also be used herein for reference purposes only, and thus are not intended to be limiting. For example, the terms "first," "second," and other such numerical terms referring to structures or elements do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Herein, when describing the length, width and thickness of the base station antenna, the reference coordinate system thereof is an x ' y ' z ' rectangular coordinate system shown in fig. 2A. Wherein, the direction of the x ' axis is the width direction, the direction of the y ' axis is the length direction, and the direction of the z ' axis is the thickness direction. Further, the direction of the y 'axis is also described as a vertical direction, the plane determined by x' z 'is described as a horizontal direction, and the positive direction of the z' axis is described as an outside direction of the base station antenna. When describing the length, width and thickness of the lens 131, back-plate 121 and radiating element array 111, the reference coordinate system is the xyz rectangular coordinate system shown in fig. 2A. Wherein, the direction of the x-axis is the width direction of the components, the direction of the y-axis is the length direction, and the direction of the z-axis is the thickness direction. Further, the positive and negative directions of the z-axis are also described as the outer and inner directions of the lens 131, the back-plate 121 and the array of radiating elements 111, respectively. It should be understood that the reference coordinate system used in describing the length, width and thickness of the lens 132, the back plate 122 and the array of radiating elements 112 in fig. 2A is a rectangular coordinate system (not shown) that is symmetrical to the plane defined by the xyz rectangular coordinate system about y 'z'.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment provides a base station antenna including radio frequency lens. The radio frequency lens is positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the array of radiating elements. The radio frequency lens includes a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface. The radio frequency lens is divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective refractive indices for electromagnetic radiation. The plurality of portions are arranged from the middle of the radio frequency lens to at least one of the two sides in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that the radio frequency lens has a reduced refractive index from the middle of the radio frequency lens to at least one of the two sides. Due to this configuration, electromagnetic radiation from the radiating element enters the rf lens from somewhere on the first surface of the rf lens, instead of traveling along a straight line, it is deflected towards the middle of the rf lens, which has a larger refractive index. Thus, even if the radio-frequency lens does not have an outwardly curved surface, but has, for example, a flat plate shape, it can have a converging effect on the electromagnetic radiation from the radiating element. Compare in the base station antenna who has spherical lens, hemispherical lens, has spherical cross section or hemispherical cross section's lenticular lens, according to the utility model discloses the base station antenna can allow the reduction of the thickness of radio frequency lens, and this is favorable to reducing the size of base station antenna and improves the heat dissipation.
According to the utility model discloses a plurality of parts of radio frequency lens that include in the base station antenna extend to the second surface from the first surface respectively, and this is favorable to the manufacturing of lens. For example, the rf lens may be formed by separately fabricating portions having respective refractive indices and then bonding (e.g., high temperature pressing, gluing, etc.) the portions together.
In some embodiments, the radio frequency lens may be formed as at least a portion of a radome housing the array of radiating elements. This is advantageous in simplifying the structure of the base station antenna, reducing the size of the base station antenna, and facilitating the assembly of the antenna.
In some embodiments, the radio frequency lens may comprise a dielectric material, the plurality of portions each comprising a dielectric material having a respective dielectric constant such that the plurality of portions each have a respective refractive index. The gradual change in the dielectric constant of the dielectric material may be achieved by incorporating a dielectric material with a higher dielectric constant into a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant (or vice versa), such as glass or ceramic, for example, into fluorinated Polyethylene (PDFE).
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment still provides a dual beam base station antenna including radio frequency lens. First and second arrays of radiating elements for generating first and second beams, respectively, are mounted on the first and second back plates, respectively, with an angle between an outer side surface of the first back plate and an outer side surface of the second back plate being greater than 180 degrees. The antenna also includes first and second radio frequency converging lenses positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the first and second arrays of radiating elements, respectively. The term "radio frequency converging lens" as used herein refers to a radio frequency lens that has a converging effect on electromagnetic radiation.
Compared to a dual-beam base station antenna that does not include a radio frequency lens, the base station antenna according to embodiments of the present invention may allow the first and second radiating element arrays to include a smaller number of columns of radiating element arrays in the case of generating a beam of the same beam width (e.g., a beam width of 33 °). For example, a dual beam base station antenna that does not include a radio frequency lens needs to include 3 or 4 columns of radiating elements per array of radiating elements to achieve a beamwidth of 33 ° per beam. And a dual-beam base station antenna including a radio frequency lens may include 1 or 2 columns of radiating elements per array of radiating elements to achieve a beam width of 33 ° per beam. This is advantageous for reducing the size of the dual beam base station antenna and also for simplifying the feed network.
Because the included angle between the outer side surface of the first back plate and the outer side surface of the second back plate is larger than 180 degrees, the antenna beam generated by the first radiating element array points away from the second radiating element array, and the antenna beam generated by the second radiating element array points away from the first radiating element array, and therefore the mutual influence between the electromagnetic radiation of the first radiating element array and the electromagnetic radiation of the second radiating element array can be reduced. The use of first and second rf converging lenses, in turn, causes the first and second beams to converge more toward their respective maximum radiation directions, which is advantageous in further reducing the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation of the first and second arrays of radiating elements.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment still provides a multiband base station antenna. First and second arrays of radiating elements operating in a first frequency band are mounted on first and second back plates, respectively, with an angle between an outer side surface of the first back plate and an outer side surface of the second back plate being greater than 180 degrees. A third array of radiating elements operating in a second frequency band is mounted on a third backing plate positioned between the first and second backing plates such that a third beam generated by the third array of radiating elements is azimuthally located between the first and second beams. This reduces the mutual influence between the electromagnetic radiations of the first to third radiating element arrays.
In some embodiments, the multi-band base station antenna further comprises first and second radio frequency converging lenses positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from each of the first and second arrays of radiating elements, respectively. The use of a radio frequency converging lens can allow the size of the first and second arrays of radiating elements to be reduced, for example, allowing fewer columns of radiating elements to be included in the array, which saves space within the base station antenna to provide space for the third array of radiating elements. Even in case the frequency of the second frequency band in which the third array of radiating elements operates is lower than the first frequency band in which the first and second arrays of radiating elements operate, i.e. the radiating elements in the third array of radiating elements have a larger size, the space saved by using the radio frequency converging lens may allow arranging the third array of radiating elements.
Fig. 2A and 2B schematically illustrate the structure of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention includes three radiating element arrays 111 to 113, respectively mounted on back plates 121 to 123. The array of radiating elements 111 includes two columns of radiating elements, where each column of radiating elements includes a plurality of radiating elements 114 positioned along a vertical direction. The array of radiating elements 111 is configured to operate in a first frequency band (which may be, for example, the 1695-2690 MHz band, the 3300-3800MHz band, and/or the 5100-5800 MHz band) and to generate a first beam having a first azimuthal orientation (i.e., the maximum radiation of the antenna beam is directed towards a first angle in the azimuth plane). The array of radiating elements 112 includes two columns of radiating elements, where each column of radiating elements includes a plurality of radiating elements 114 positioned along a vertical direction. The array of radiating elements 112 is configured to operate in the same first frequency band as the array of radiating elements 111 and to generate a second beam having a second azimuthal orientation. The array of radiating elements 113 includes a column of radiating elements including a plurality of radiating elements 115 positioned in a vertical direction. The array of radiating elements 113 is configured to operate in a second frequency band (which may be, for example, the 694-960 MHz band). In the depicted embodiment, the second frequency band is lower than the first frequency band, so that the radiating element 115 has a larger size than the radiating element 114.
In the depicted embodiment, each of the arrays of radiating elements 111 and 112 includes two columns of radiating elements. It should be understood, however, that each of the arrays 111 and 112 of radiating elements can include other numbers of columns of radiating elements, and that the number of radiating elements included in each column of radiating elements can be designed as desired (e.g., based on a desired elevation beamwidth). In the depicted embodiment, the operating band of radiating element 115 in radiating element array 113 is lower than the operating band of radiating element 114 in radiating element arrays 111 and 112. It should be understood, however, that in other embodiments, the operating band of radiating element 115 in radiating element array 113 may be higher than or the same as the operating band of radiating element 114 in radiating element arrays 111 and 112. Each of the radiating element arrays 111, 112, and 113 may use any suitable design of radiating elements including, for example, dipoles, crossed dipoles, and/or patch (patch) radiating elements, among others.
The radiating elements may extend outwardly from the back-plates 121 to 123 to which they are mounted. The back-plates 121 to 123 may be part of a reflector assembly of a base station antenna, e.g. may serve as a reflector and ground plane for the radiating elements mounted thereon. Each radiating element array 111 to 113 is mounted on a respective one of the back-plates 121 to 123 and may be oriented vertically with respect to the horizon when the base station antenna is mounted for use.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the angle between the outer side surface of the back-plate 121 and the outer side surface of the back-plate 122 refers to an angle α rather than an angle β. the angle α is greater than 180 degrees, such that the maximum radiation direction of the beam generated by the array of radiating elements 111 in the azimuth plane (e.g., the A direction shown in FIG. 2B) is a direction away from the array of radiating elements 112, and the maximum radiation direction of the beam generated by the array of radiating elements 112 in the azimuth plane (e.g., the B direction shown in FIG. 2B) is a direction away from the array of radiating elements 111, thereby reducing the mutual influence between the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the arrays of radiating elements 111 and 112.
The back-plate 123 is positioned between the back- plates 121 and 122. Opposite sides of the back plate 123 in the width direction include first and second vertical side portions 123-1 and 123-2, respectively. In the depicted embodiment, the first vertical side 123-1 is mechanically coupled to a corresponding side of the back-plate 121 and the second vertical side 123-2 is mechanically coupled to a corresponding side of the back-plate 122. The plane of the back plate 123 is substantially parallel to the width direction of the base station antenna, and the included angle between the outer side surface of the back plate 121 and the outer side surface of the back plate 123 is equal to the included angle between the outer side surface of the back plate 122 and the outer side surface of the back plate 123. Thus, the maximum radiation direction of the beam generated by the radiation element array 113 in the azimuth plane is located approximately in the middle between the beam generated by the radiation element array 111 and the beam generated by the radiation element array 112.
The base station antenna also includes radio frequency lenses 131 and 132. Rf lens 131 is positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from array of radiating elements 111 and rf lens 132 is positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from array of radiating elements 112. The rf lenses 131 and 132 cause the electromagnetic radiation generated by the corresponding radiating element arrays 111 and 112, respectively, to converge more toward the respective maximum radiation directions of the arrays 111 and 112. To ensure complete reception of the electromagnetic radiation of the respective arrays of radiating elements 111 and 112, the rf lenses 131 and 132 may be configured to have a length (which may be the maximum length when their upper and/or lower edges are not flat) greater than or equal to the length of the respective arrays of radiating elements 111 and 112. In some embodiments, the rf lens 131 and/or 132 may include a plurality of rf lenses arranged in a vertical direction, and a total length of the plurality of rf lenses is greater than or equal to a length of the radiating element array 111 or 112. Further, the widths of the rf lenses 131 and 132 (which may be the maximum widths thereof when the left and/or right edges thereof are not flat) are greater than or equal to the widths of the respective radiation element arrays 111 and 112. In some embodiments, the width of the rf lenses 131 and 132 may be 1.2 to 1.8 times the width of their corresponding radiating element arrays 111 and 112. The distance between the rf lenses 131 and 132 to the respective radiating element arrays 111 and 112 can be designed as desired. For example, the radio frequency lenses 131 and 132 may be positioned very close to the radiating element arrays 111 and 112, e.g., such that the foremost portions of the radiating elements 114 in the radiating element arrays 111 and 112 contact (or nearly contact) the inner surfaces of the radio frequency lenses 131 and 132. As another example, the rf lenses 131 and 132 may be positioned at a distance from the radiating element arrays 111 and 112, such as between 50mm and 150mm from the foremost part of the radiating element 114 in the radiating element arrays 111 and 112 to the surface of the corresponding rf lenses 131 and 132.
Each of the rf lenses 131 and 132 includes a first surface (e.g., surface 131-1 of the rf lens 131) facing the corresponding radiating element arrays 111 and 112 and a second surface (e.g., surface 131-2 of the rf lens 131) opposite the first surface. In the depicted embodiment, the first and second surfaces are substantially planar surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other. It should be understood that the rf lenses 131 and 132 may be lenses having other shapes capable of converging electromagnetic radiation. For example, the rf lenses 131 and 132 may be spherical lenses, hemispherical lenses, or lenticular lenses, etc. The rf lenses 131 and 132 may be lenses having a substantially uniform refractive index (the refractive indices referred to herein are both refractive indices for the received electromagnetic radiation) or may be lenses having varying refractive indices. Further, it should be understood that the rf lenses 131 and 132 may also have different shapes and characteristics from each other.
Fig. 3A schematically illustrates the rf lens 131. The rf lens 131 is divided into a plurality of portions 11-14 extending from the surface 131-1 to the surface 131-2, respectively, the plurality of portions 11-14 having respective refractive indices n 1-n 4 for electromagnetic radiation received by the rf lens 131. The plurality of portions 11 to 14 are arranged along the width direction of the radio frequency lens 131 from the middle to both sides 131-3 and 131-4 of the lens such that from the middle to both sides 131-3 and 131-4 of the radio frequency lens 131 has a stepwise decreasing refractive index for the received electromagnetic radiation. In the depicted embodiment, the physical thicknesses of the plurality of portions 11-14 are equal and the refractive indices n1> n2> n3> n4 are such that the electrical thicknesses h1> h2> h3> h4 of the plurality of portions 11-14 are as shown in fig. 3B. The "electrical thickness" of a portion of the rf lens refers to the distance electromagnetic radiation travels in a vacuum, which is converted from the distance electromagnetic radiation travels in a propagation medium, and is numerically equal to the product of the physical thickness of the propagation medium and the refractive index of the propagation medium. It can be seen that the rf lens 131 can be substantially equivalent to a step-shaped convex lens with uniform refractive index, so that the rf lens 131 has a converging effect on the electromagnetic radiation received by the rf lens 131. Rf lenses with similar refractive index profiles may still have a converging effect on electromagnetic radiation even if their physical thickness is not gradually reduced from the middle to both sides as in conventional convex lenses, or even if the physical thickness is increased from the middle to both sides. In the depicted embodiment, the physical thickness of the RF lens 131 is constant from the middle to both sides 131-3 and 131-4. The thickness and refractive index of each portion of the rf lens 131 may be designed according to the required convergence strength, for example, the thickness of each portion 11 to 14 may be between 10mm to 50 mm.
In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3A, the RF lens has a symmetrical refractive index profile from the middle of the RF lens 131 to the side 131-3 and from the middle to the side 131-4. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the rf lens may have a different refractive index profile from the middle of the rf lens to both sides thereof. The refractive indices n1 to n4 of the plurality of portions 11 to 14 may decrease in a stepwise manner in an exemplary embodiment, linearly, parabolically, or hyperbolically. Two or more adjacent refractive indices among the refractive indices n1 to n4 may also be the same. In the depicted embodiment, the rf lens is divided into four sections 11-14 from the middle of the rf lens 131 to its opposite sides 131-3 and 131-4. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the RF lens may be divided into more or fewer sections, e.g., 2-10 sections.
In the depicted embodiment, the first and second surfaces 131-1, 131-2 and 132-1, 132-2 of the respective radio frequency lenses 131 and 132 are substantially flat surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other such that the radio frequency lenses 131 and 132 are flat. It should be understood that rf lenses 131 and/or 132 may also have other shapes. Fig. 4A to 4D show cross-sectional shapes of radio frequency lenses according to other exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4A, a surface 20-1 (which may be a surface facing the array of radiating elements or a surface opposite thereto) of the rf lens 20 is a substantially flat surface, and an opposite surface 20-2 is an outwardly curved surface, so that the rf lens 20 can converge the electromagnetic radiation it receives even though it has a substantially uniform refractive index. From the middle of the rf lens 20 to each of its two sides, the rf lens 20 is divided into four portions 21 to 24 extending from the surface 20-1 to the surface 20-2, respectively, each portion having a respective refractive index, and the refractive index gradually decreases from the portion 21 to the portion 24. As such, from the middle to both sides of the rf lens 20, the rf lens 20 has not only a reduced refractive index but also a reduced thickness, which is advantageous for improving the condensing effect on the electromagnetic radiation. As shown in fig. 4B, the surfaces 30-1 and 30-2 of the rf lens 30 are both outwardly curved surfaces. From the middle of the rf lens 30 to each of its two sides, the rf lens 30 is divided into three portions 31 to 33 extending from the surface 30-1 to the surface 30-2, respectively, each portion having a respective refractive index, and the refractive index gradually decreases from the portion 31 to the portion 33. As shown in fig. 4C, the surface 40-1 (which may be the surface facing the array of radiating elements or the surface opposite thereto) of the rf lens 40 is a substantially flat surface, the middle portion of the opposite surface 40-2 is a substantially flat surface, and both side portions are slopes gradually inclined toward the surface 40-1. From the middle of the rf lens 40 to each of both sides thereof, the rf lens 40 is divided into two portions 41 to 42 extending from the surface 40-1 to the surface 40-2, respectively, and the refractive index of the portion 41 is larger than that of the portion 42. As shown in fig. 4D, both the surface 50-1 of the rf lens 50 (which may be the surface facing the array of radiating elements or the surface opposite thereto) and the opposite surface 50-2 are outwardly curved surfaces, so that the entirety of the rf lens 50 is outwardly curved. From the middle of the rf lens 50 to each of its two sides, the rf lens 50 is divided into eight portions 51 to 58 extending from the surface 50-1 to the surface 50-2, respectively, each portion having a respective refractive index, and the refractive index gradually decreases from the portion 51 to the portion 58. The thickness from portion 51 to portion 58 may be substantially constant, gradually decreasing, gradually increasing, not only changing with a trend, or irregularly changing, etc.
In some embodiments, at least one of the radio frequency lenses 131 and 132 is formed as at least a portion of a radome 141, wherein the radome 141 is configured to house the arrays of radiating elements 111-113. The lens formed as at least a portion of the radome 141 may have, for example, a cross-section as shown in fig. 4D or a cross-section having any other suitable configuration. The radio frequency lens forms a part of the antenna housing, so that the structure of the antenna can be simplified, the assembly of the antenna is more convenient, the size of the antenna can be reduced, and the heat dissipation is improved.
In the embodiment depicted in fig. 3A and 4A-4D, a plurality of portions (e.g., portions 11-14 of the rf lens 131 of fig. 3A) respectively extend in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the rf lens 131, i.e., throughout the length of the rf lens 131. It should be understood that the rf lens may include portions that do not extend throughout the length of the rf lens. Fig. 5 is a plan view of an rf lens 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rf lens 60 is divided into three sections 60-1 to 60-3 in its length direction (vertical direction). The section 60-1 is divided into seven portions 71 to 77, and the portions 71 to 73 having gradually decreasing refractive indexes (in which the portion 71 has the highest refractive index) are arranged in order from the middle to the side portion 60-4 of the radio frequency lens 60, and the portions 71, 74 to 77 having gradually decreasing refractive indexes (in which the portion 71 has the highest refractive index) are arranged in order from the middle to the side portion 60-5. The section 60-2 is divided into seven portions 61 to 67, and the portions 61 to 64 having gradually decreasing refractive indexes (in which the portion 61 has the highest refractive index) are arranged in order from the middle to the side portion 60-4 of the rf lens 60, and the portions 61, 65 to 67 having gradually decreasing refractive indexes (in which the portion 61 has the highest refractive index) are arranged in order from the middle to the side portion 60-5. The section 60-3 is divided into seven portions 81 to 87, and the portions 81 to 85 having gradually decreasing refractive indexes (in which the portion 81 has the highest refractive index) are arranged in order from the middle to the side portion 60-4 of the radio frequency lens 60, and the portions 81, 86, 87 having gradually decreasing refractive indexes (in which the portion 81 has the highest refractive index) are arranged in order from the middle to the side portion 60-5. The portions 71 to 77, 61 to 67, and 81 to 87 do not extend the entire length of the rf lens 60, i.e., do not extend from the upper end to the lower end of the rf lens 60.
In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3A, the RF lens 131 has a symmetrical refractive index profile from the middle to the side 131-3 and from the middle to the side 131-4 of the RF lens 131. The profile of the refractive index includes the values of the refractive index of the various portions of the rf lens, as well as the shape, dimensions (including length, width, thickness, etc.) of the various portions and their location in the rf lens. It should be understood that the distribution of the refractive index from the middle of the rf lens to a first one of the two sides may be different from the distribution of the refractive index from the middle to a second one of the two sides. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the distribution of refractive index from the middle of the RF lens 60 to the side portion 60-4 is different from the distribution of refractive index from the middle to the side portion 60-5.
In the embodiment depicted in fig. 3A, the width of the portion of the plurality of portions 11-14 closer to the middle of the rf lens 131 is greater than or equal to the width of the portion closer to the side 131-3 or 131-4, such that the width of the portion having the greater refractive index is greater than or equal to the width of the adjacent portion having the smaller refractive index. For example, in one embodiment, the width of the plurality of portions 11-14 gradually decreases from the middle of the rf lens 131 to the opposite side 131-3 or 131-4. In this way, after electromagnetic radiation from the radiating element 114 enters the rf lens from somewhere on the surface 131-1 of the rf lens 131, the path having the larger refractive index is longer than the path having the smaller refractive index after the electromagnetic radiation has deflected inside the rf lens 131 toward the middle of the rf lens 131 having the larger refractive index. Such a configuration enables the thickness of the rf lens to be reduced under the condition of achieving the same converging effect, and a stronger converging effect to be obtained under the condition of using the rf lens of the same thickness, compared to a configuration in which the width of the portion having a larger refractive index is equal to or smaller than the width of the portion having a smaller refractive index.
In some embodiments, the radio frequency lens comprises a dielectric material. The plurality of portions comprised by the radio frequency lens each comprise a dielectric material having a respective dielectric constant such that the plurality of portions each have a respective refractive index.
In the embodiment depicted in fig. 2A, radiating element 115 in radiating element array 113 has a larger size than radiating element 114 in radiating element arrays 111 and 112 because radiating element array 113 operates in a second frequency band that is lower than the first frequency band in which radiating element arrays 111 and 112 operate. The radiating arms of the radiating elements 115 in the array of radiating elements 113 are spaced further from the outer surface of the back plate 123 than the surfaces 131-1 and 132-1 of the rf lenses 131 and 132 are spaced from the outer surfaces of the respective back plates 121 and 122. This configuration may prevent the rf lenses 131 and 132 from receiving electromagnetic radiation from the array of radiating elements 113 (even when the array of radiating elements 111,112 and the array of radiating elements 113 are closely spaced). In some embodiments, at least one of the radio frequency lenses 131 and 132 is formed as at least a portion of the radome 141. In these cases, the rf lenses 131 and 132 can be prevented from receiving the electromagnetic radiation of the radiating element array 113 by disposing the radiating element array 111 and the rf lens 131, and the radiating element array 112 and the rf lens 132, respectively, closer to both sides of the antenna.
In addition, the base station antenna may also include other conventional components not shown in fig. 2A and 2B, such as a plurality of circuit elements mounted therein. These circuit elements and other structures may include, for example, phase shifters for one or more linear arrays (when referred to herein as a "linear array," referring to a column of radiating elements oriented in a vertical direction or a row of radiating elements oriented in a horizontal direction), Remote Electronic Tilt (RET) actuators for mechanically adjusting the phase shifters, one or more controllers, cabling, RF transmission lines, and the like. A mounting bracket (not shown) may also be provided for mounting the base station antenna to another structure, such as an antenna tower or a utility pole.
Fig. 6 schematically shows a base station antenna according to a further embodiment of the invention. The base station antenna includes back plates 221 and 222 extending in a vertical direction, first and second arrays of radiating elements 211 mounted on the back plates 221 and 222, respectively, and radio frequency lenses 231 and 232 positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of the first and second arrays of radiating elements, respectively. The first array of radiating elements is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam and the second array of radiating elements is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam having a different pointing direction than the first beam. Each radiating element array includes a plurality of radiating elements 211. Although fig. 6 schematically illustrates each array of radiating elements as including a separate column of radiating elements, it should be understood that each array of radiating elements may include more than one column of radiating elements. The angle between the outer side surface of back plate 221 and the outer side surface of back plate 222 is greater than 180 degrees. It should be understood that the rf lenses 231 and 232 may have any of the rf lens configurations described above. The base station antenna may also include other conventional components not shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a base station antenna according to a further embodiment of the invention. The base station antenna comprises a planar back plate 321, an array of radiating elements 311 mounted on the back plate 321, and a radio frequency lens 331 positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the array of radiating elements. The radiating element array includes a plurality of radiating elements 311. Although fig. 7 schematically illustrates the radiating element array as including two columns of radiating elements 311, it should be understood that the radiating element array may include fewer or more columns of radiating elements 311. It should be understood that the rf lens 331 may have any of the rf lens configurations described above. In addition, the base station antenna may also include other conventional components not shown in fig. 7, such as a radome, reflector assembly, and various circuit components and other structures mounted therein, mounting brackets, and the like.
In the radiation element array of the base station antenna according to the present invention, a row of radiation elements may not be arranged along a straight line, for example, may be arranged staggered (stagger) in a horizontal direction. The back plate in the base station antenna according to other embodiments of the present invention is not limited to be arranged in a flat plate shape, in a V-shape, or in a V-shape having a flat apex as described above. The one or more back plates may also be arranged cylindrically, such as cylindrically with a triangular horizontal cross-section, with a rectangular horizontal cross-section, or with other polygonal horizontal cross-sections.
Embodiments are described herein primarily with respect to operation of a base station antenna in a transmit mode (where an array of radiating elements transmits electromagnetic radiation). It should be appreciated that a base station antenna according to embodiments of the present invention may operate in a transmit mode and/or a receive mode (where the array of radiating elements receives electromagnetic radiation). The radio frequency lens described herein may also converge electromagnetic radiation when the antenna is operating in a receive mode to narrow the beamwidth of the antenna beam for electromagnetic radiation received by the array of radiating elements.
In addition, embodiments of the present invention may further include the following examples:
1. a base station antenna, comprising:
an array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and
a radio frequency lens positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation, the radio frequency lens comprising a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, the radio frequency lens being divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective indices of refraction for the electromagnetic radiation,
wherein the plurality of portions are arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first portion having a highest refractive index among the plurality of portions is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and the other portion having a lower refractive index among the plurality of portions is located on at least one of both sides of the first portion among the plurality of portions.
2. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of portions each comprise a dielectric material.
3. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the length of the radio frequency lens is greater than or equal to the length of the array of radiating elements.
4. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the base station antenna comprises a plurality of the rf lenses arranged in a vertical direction, and a total length of the plurality of the rf lenses is greater than or equal to a length of the radiating element array.
5. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the width of the rf lens is greater than or equal to the width of the array of radiating elements.
6. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the width of the rf lens is 1.2 to 1.8 times the width of the array of radiating elements.
7. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the rf lens has a thickness of 10mm to 50 mm.
8. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface comprises a substantially flat surface.
9. The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the first surface and the second surface are substantially flat surfaces substantially parallel to each other.
10. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein said rf lens has a symmetrical distribution of said refractive index from the middle of said rf lens to the respective opposite sides.
11. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the radio frequency lens is highest in a middle portion of the radio frequency lens in a width direction of the radio frequency lens and gradually decreases toward an opposite side of the radio frequency lens.
12. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the rf lens decreases linearly, parabolically, or in a hyperbolic step from the middle of the rf lens to the at least one side.
13. The base station antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome housing the array of radiating elements, the radio frequency lens being formed as at least a portion of the radome.
14. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the array of radiating elements comprises no more than two columns of radiating elements.
15. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sections extends in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the radio frequency lens.
16. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of portions includes a first portion closer to a middle of the radio frequency lens and a second portion closer to the at least one side, wherein a width of the first portion is greater than or equal to a width of the second portion.
17. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the widths of the plurality of portions gradually decrease from the middle of the radio frequency lens to the at least one side.
18. A base station antenna, comprising:
an array of radiating elements; and
a radio frequency lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of each radiating element of the array of radiating elements, the radio frequency lens having a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface,
wherein the radio frequency lens is divided into first to third portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the first to third portions respectively extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the radio frequency lens and respectively having first to third dielectric constants, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the radio frequency lens, the second and third portions respectively being located on opposite sides of the first portion in a width direction of the radio frequency lens, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than both the second dielectric constant and the third dielectric constant.
19. The base station antenna according to claim 18, wherein the thicknesses of the first to third portions are substantially equal.
20. The base station antenna of claim 18, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than the respective widths of the second portion and the third portion.
21. A base station antenna, comprising:
a linear array of one or more radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and
a radio frequency lens positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation, the radio frequency lens comprising a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the linear array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for the electromagnetic radiation, the plurality of strip portions being arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first one of the plurality of strip portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and other ones of the plurality of strip portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first one of the plurality of strip portions.
22. A base station antenna, comprising:
a first array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam;
a second array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam;
a first backplate, the first array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the first backplate;
a second backplate, the second array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the second backplate;
a first radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the first array of radiating elements; and
a second radio frequency converging lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of the second array of radiating elements,
wherein the first and second back plates are positioned such that an angle between an outer side surface of the first back plate and an outer side surface of the second back plate is greater than 180 degrees such that the first beam and the second beam have different pointing directions in a horizontal direction.
23. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses has a substantially uniform dielectric constant.
24. The base station antenna of claim 23, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses comprises a spherical lens, a hemispherical lens, or a cylindrical lens.
25. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses has a length greater than or equal to a length of the corresponding array of radiating elements.
26. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses has a width greater than or equal to a width of the corresponding array of radiating elements.
27. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses comprises a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, the at least one RF converging lens is divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective indices of refraction for electromagnetic radiation received by the at least one RF converging lens,
wherein the plurality of portions are arranged in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency lens such that a first portion having a highest refractive index among the plurality of portions is located at a central portion of the at least one radio frequency converging lens, and other portions having a lower refractive index among the plurality of portions are located at least one of both sides of the first portion among the plurality of portions.
28. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions each comprise a dielectric material.
29. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a substantially flat surface.
30. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the first surface and the second surface are substantially planar surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other.
31. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the at least one rf converging lens has a symmetrical distribution of the refractive indices from a middle of the at least one rf converging lens to both sides thereof.
32. The base station antenna according to claim 27, further comprising a radome housing the first and second arrays of radiating elements, the at least one radio frequency concentrating lens being formed as at least a portion of the radome.
33. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions extend in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency focusing lens, respectively.
34. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions comprises a first portion closer to a middle of the at least one radio frequency converging lens and a second portion closer to the at least one side, wherein a width of the first portion is greater than or equal to a width of the second portion.
35. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions gradually decrease in width from the middle of the at least one radio frequency converging lens to the at least one side.
36. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf focusing lenses comprises a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the corresponding array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for electromagnetic radiation emitted by the corresponding array of radiating elements, and wherein the plurality of strip portions are arranged along a width direction of the at least one rf focusing lens such that a first portion of the plurality of strip portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the at least one rf focusing lens and other portions of the plurality of strip portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first portion of the plurality of strip portions.
37. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses has a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface,
wherein the at least one radio frequency condenser lens is divided into first to third portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the first to third portions respectively extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency lens and respectively having first to third dielectric constants, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, the second and third portions being located on both sides of the first portion in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, respectively, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant and greater than the third dielectric constant.
38. The base station antenna according to 37, wherein the thicknesses of the first to third portions are substantially equal.
39. The base station antenna of claim 37, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than the width of the second portion and greater than the width of the third portion.
40. The base station antenna of claim 37, wherein the second dielectric constant is substantially equal to the third dielectric constant.
41. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second arrays of radiating elements comprises no more than two columns of radiating elements oriented in a vertical direction.
42. A base station antenna, comprising:
a first array of radiating elements configured to operate in a first frequency band and to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam;
a second array of radiating elements configured to operate in the first frequency band and to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam;
a third array of radiating elements configured to operate at a second frequency band different from the first frequency band;
a first backplate, the first array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the first backplate;
a second backplate, the second array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the second backplate; and
a third backplate, the third array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the third backplate, wherein,
the first and second back plates are positioned such that an angle between an outer side surface of the first back plate and an outer side surface of the second back plate is greater than 180 degrees such that the first beam and the second beam have different pointing directions; and is
The third back plate is positioned between the first and second back plates.
43. The base station antenna of claim 42, wherein the third back plate comprises a first vertical side and a second vertical side, wherein the first vertical side is mechanically coupled to the corresponding vertical side of the first back plate and the second vertical side is mechanically coupled to the corresponding vertical side of the second back plate.
44. The base station antenna of 42, further comprising:
a first radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the first array of radiating elements; and
a second radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the second array of radiating elements.
45. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF concentrating lenses has a substantially uniform dielectric constant.
46. The base station antenna of claim 45, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses comprises a spherical lens, a hemispherical lens, or a cylindrical lens.
47. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF focusing lenses has a length greater than or equal to a length of the corresponding array of radiating elements.
48. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF focusing lenses has a width greater than or equal to a width of a corresponding one of the first through third arrays of radiating elements.
49. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses comprises a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, the at least one RF converging lens being divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective indices of refraction for electromagnetic radiation received by the at least one RF converging lens,
wherein the plurality of portions are arranged from the middle to at least one side of the at least one radio frequency converging lens in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency lens such that the refractive index of the at least one radio frequency converging lens is highest at the middle of the radio frequency lens and gradually decreases toward the opposite side of the radio frequency lens.
50. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein the plurality of portions each comprise a dielectric material.
51. The base station antenna of 49, wherein at least one of said first surface and said second surface is a substantially flat surface.
52. The base station antenna of 49, wherein said first surface and said second surface are substantially planar surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other.
53. The base station antenna of 49, wherein said at least one RF converging lens has a symmetrical distribution of said refractive indices from a middle of said at least one RF converging lens to both sides thereof.
54. The base station antenna according to 49, further comprising a radome housing the first through third arrays of radiating elements, the at least one radio frequency concentrating lens being formed as at least a portion of the radome.
55. The base station antenna of 49, wherein said plurality of sections each extend in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of said at least one radio frequency focusing lens.
56. The base station antenna of 49, wherein the plurality of portions comprises a first portion closer to the middle of the at least one RF focusing lens and a second portion closer to the at least one side, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than or equal to the width of the second portion.
57. The base station antenna of 49, wherein said plurality of portions gradually decrease in width from the middle of said at least one radio frequency focusing lens to said at least one side.
58. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF concentrating lenses comprises a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the corresponding array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for electromagnetic radiation emitted by the corresponding array of radiating elements, and wherein the plurality of strip portions are arranged along a width of the at least one RF concentrating lens such that the refractive index decreases from a middle of the at least one RF concentrating lens to both sides.
59. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses has a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface,
wherein the at least one radio frequency condenser lens is divided into first to third portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the first to third portions respectively extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency lens and respectively having first to third dielectric constants, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, the second and third portions being located on both sides of the first portion in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant and greater than the third dielectric constant.
60. The base station antenna according to 59, wherein the thicknesses of the first to third portions are substantially equal.
61. The base station antenna of 59, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than the width of the second portion and greater than the width of the third portion.
62. The base station antenna of 59, wherein the second dielectric constant is substantially equal to the third dielectric constant.
63. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein the second frequency band is lower than the first frequency band, and a distance between the radiating arm of each radiating element in the third radiating element array and the third backplane is greater than a distance between the first RF converging lens and the first backplane and/or greater than a distance between the second RF converging lens and the second backplane.
64. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second arrays of radiating elements comprises no more than two columns of first radiating elements operating in the first frequency band positioned in a vertical direction, and wherein the third array of radiating elements comprises only one column of second radiating elements operating in the second frequency band positioned in the vertical direction.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of illustration, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above illustration is only for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (64)
1. A base station antenna, comprising:
an array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and
a radio frequency lens positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation, the radio frequency lens comprising a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, the radio frequency lens being divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective indices of refraction for the electromagnetic radiation,
wherein the plurality of portions are arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first portion having a highest refractive index among the plurality of portions is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and the other portion having a lower refractive index among the plurality of portions is located on at least one of both sides of the first portion among the plurality of portions.
2. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of portions each comprise a dielectric material.
3. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency lens has a length greater than or equal to a length of the array of radiating elements.
4. The base station antenna of claim 1, comprising a plurality of said rf lenses arranged in a vertical direction, a total length of the plurality of said rf lenses being greater than or equal to a length of the array of radiating elements.
5. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency lens has a width greater than or equal to a width of the array of radiating elements.
6. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency lens has a width that is 1.2 to 1.8 times a width of the array of radiating elements.
7. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the rf lens has a thickness of 10mm to 50 mm.
8. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface comprises a substantially flat surface.
9. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the first surface and the second surface are substantially flat surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other.
10. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein said radio frequency lens has a symmetrical distribution of said refractive index from a middle of said radio frequency lens to respective opposite sides.
11. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the rf lens is highest in a middle portion of the rf lens in a width direction of the rf lens and gradually decreases toward opposite sides of the rf lens.
12. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the radio frequency lens decreases linearly, parabolically, or in steps of hyperbolic from a middle of the radio frequency lens to the at least one side.
13. The base station antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome housing the array of radiating elements, the radio frequency lens being formed as at least a portion of the radome.
14. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the array of radiating elements comprises no more than two columns of radiating elements.
15. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of portions extends in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the radio frequency lens.
16. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of portions includes a first portion closer to a middle of the rf lens and a second portion closer to the at least one side, wherein a width of the first portion is greater than or equal to a width of the second portion.
17. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of portions gradually decrease in width from the middle of the rf lens to the at least one side.
18. A base station antenna, comprising:
an array of radiating elements; and
a radio frequency lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of each radiating element of the array of radiating elements, the radio frequency lens having a first surface facing the array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface,
wherein the radio frequency lens is divided into first to third portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the first to third portions respectively extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the radio frequency lens and respectively having first to third dielectric constants, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the radio frequency lens, the second and third portions respectively being located on opposite sides of the first portion in a width direction of the radio frequency lens, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than both the second dielectric constant and the third dielectric constant.
19. The base station antenna according to claim 18, wherein the thicknesses of the first to third portions are substantially equal.
20. The base station antenna of claim 18, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than the respective widths of the second portion and the third portion.
21. A base station antenna, comprising:
a linear array of one or more radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and
a radio frequency lens positioned to receive the electromagnetic radiation, the radio frequency lens comprising a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the linear array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for the electromagnetic radiation, the plurality of strip portions being arranged in a width direction of the radio frequency lens such that a first one of the plurality of strip portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the radio frequency lens and other ones of the plurality of strip portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first one of the plurality of strip portions.
22. A base station antenna, comprising:
a first array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam;
a second array of radiating elements configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam;
a first backplate, the first array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the first backplate;
a second backplate, the second array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the second backplate;
a first radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the first array of radiating elements; and
a second radio frequency converging lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation of the second array of radiating elements,
wherein the first and second back plates are positioned such that an angle between an outer side surface of the first back plate and an outer side surface of the second back plate is greater than 180 degrees such that the first beam and the second beam have different pointing directions in a horizontal direction.
23. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses has a substantially uniform dielectric constant.
24. The base station antenna of claim 23, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses comprises a spherical lens, a hemispherical lens, or a cylindrical lens.
25. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses has a length greater than or equal to a length of the corresponding array of radiating elements.
26. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf converging lenses has a width greater than or equal to a width of the corresponding array of radiating elements.
27. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses comprises a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, the at least one RF converging lens being divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective indices of refraction for electromagnetic radiation received by the at least one RF converging lens,
wherein the plurality of portions are arranged in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency converging lens such that a first portion having a highest refractive index among the plurality of portions is located at a central portion of the at least one radio frequency converging lens, and other portions having a lower refractive index among the plurality of portions are located at least one of both sides of the first portion among the plurality of portions.
28. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions each comprise a dielectric material.
29. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a substantially flat surface.
30. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the first surface and the second surface are substantially planar surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other.
31. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein said at least one radio frequency converging lens has a symmetrical distribution of said refractive indices from a middle of said at least one radio frequency converging lens to both sides thereof.
32. The base station antenna of claim 27, further comprising a radome housing the first and second arrays of radiating elements, the at least one radio frequency concentrating lens being formed as at least a portion of the radome.
33. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions each extend in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency focusing lens.
34. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions comprises a first portion closer to a middle of the at least one radio frequency converging lens and a second portion closer to the at least one side, wherein a width of the first portion is greater than or equal to a width of the second portion.
35. The base station antenna of claim 27, wherein the plurality of portions gradually decrease in width from the middle of the at least one radio frequency converging lens to the at least one side.
36. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second rf focusing lenses comprises a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the corresponding array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for electromagnetic radiation emitted by the corresponding array of radiating elements, the plurality of strip portions being arranged along a width direction of the at least one rf focusing lens such that a first one of the plurality of strip portions having a highest refractive index is located in a middle of the at least one rf focusing lens and other ones of the plurality of strip portions having a lower refractive index are located on at least one of two sides of the first one of the plurality of strip portions.
37. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses has a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface,
wherein the at least one radio frequency condenser lens is divided into first to third portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the first to third portions respectively extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens and respectively having first to third dielectric constants, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, the second and third portions being located on both sides of the first portion in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, respectively, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant and greater than the third dielectric constant.
38. The base station antenna according to claim 37, wherein the thicknesses of the first to third portions are substantially equal.
39. The base station antenna of claim 37, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than the width of the second portion and greater than the width of the third portion.
40. The base station antenna of claim 37, wherein the second dielectric constant is substantially equal to the third dielectric constant.
41. The base station antenna of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first and second arrays of radiating elements comprises no more than two columns of radiating elements oriented in a vertical direction.
42. A base station antenna, comprising:
a first array of radiating elements configured to operate in a first frequency band and to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a first beam;
a second array of radiating elements configured to operate in the first frequency band and to emit electromagnetic radiation to produce a second beam;
a third array of radiating elements configured to operate at a second frequency band different from the first frequency band;
a first backplate, the first array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the first backplate;
a second backplate, the second array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the second backplate; and
a third backplate, the third array of radiating elements disposed on an outer side surface of the third backplate, wherein,
the first and second back plates are positioned such that an angle between an outer side surface of the first back plate and an outer side surface of the second back plate is greater than 180 degrees such that the first beam and the second beam have different pointing directions; and is
The third back plate is positioned between the first and second back plates.
43. The base station antenna of claim 42, wherein the third backplane comprises a first vertical side and a second vertical side, wherein the first vertical side is mechanically connected to the corresponding vertical side of the first backplane and the second vertical side is mechanically connected to the corresponding vertical side of the second backplane.
44. The base station antenna of claim 42, further comprising:
a first radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the first array of radiating elements; and
a second radio frequency focusing lens positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation from the second array of radiating elements.
45. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses has a substantially uniform dielectric constant.
46. The base station antenna of claim 45, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses comprises a spherical lens, a hemispherical lens, or a cylindrical lens.
47. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF focusing lenses has a length greater than or equal to a length of the corresponding array of radiating elements.
48. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses has a width greater than or equal to a width of a corresponding one of the first through third arrays of radiating elements.
49. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses comprises a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface, the at least one RF converging lens being divided into a plurality of portions extending from the first surface to the second surface, respectively, the plurality of portions having respective indices of refraction for electromagnetic radiation received by the at least one RF converging lens,
wherein the plurality of portions are arranged from a middle to at least one side of the at least one radio frequency converging lens in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency converging lens such that a refractive index of the at least one radio frequency converging lens is highest at the middle of the radio frequency converging lens and gradually decreases toward an opposite side of the radio frequency converging lens.
50. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein the plurality of portions each comprise a dielectric material.
51. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a substantially flat surface.
52. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein the first surface and the second surface are substantially planar surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other.
53. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein said at least one radio frequency converging lens has a symmetrical distribution of said refractive indices from a middle of said at least one radio frequency converging lens to both sides thereof.
54. The base station antenna according to claim 49, further comprising a radome housing the first through third arrays of radiating elements, the at least one radio frequency concentrating lens being formed as at least a portion of the radome.
55. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein the plurality of portions each extend in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency focusing lens.
56. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein the plurality of portions comprises a first portion closer to the middle of the at least one radio frequency converging lens and a second portion closer to the at least one side, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than or equal to the width of the second portion.
57. The base station antenna of claim 49, wherein the plurality of portions gradually decrease in width from the middle of the at least one radio frequency converging lens to the at least one side.
58. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF focusing lenses comprises a plurality of strip portions extending substantially parallel to the corresponding array of radiating elements, wherein each of the plurality of strip portions has a respective refractive index for electromagnetic radiation emitted by the corresponding array of radiating elements, and wherein the plurality of strip portions are arranged along a width of the at least one RF focusing lens such that the refractive index decreases from a middle of the at least one RF focusing lens to both sides.
59. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second RF converging lenses has a first surface facing the corresponding array of radiating elements and a second surface opposite the first surface,
wherein the at least one radio frequency condenser lens is divided into first to third portions respectively extending from the first surface to the second surface, the first to third portions respectively extending in a vertical direction from an upper end to a lower end of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens and respectively having first to third dielectric constants, the first portion being located substantially in a central region of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, the second and third portions being located on both sides of the first portion in a width direction of the at least one radio frequency condenser lens, and wherein the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant and greater than the third dielectric constant.
60. The base station antenna according to claim 59, wherein the thicknesses of the first to third portions are substantially equal.
61. The base station antenna of claim 59, wherein the width of the first portion is greater than the width of the second portion and greater than the width of the third portion.
62. The base station antenna of claim 59, wherein the second dielectric constant is substantially equal to the third dielectric constant.
63. The base station antenna according to claim 44, wherein the second frequency band is lower than the first frequency band, and a distance between the radiating arm of each radiating element of the third array of radiating elements and the third backplane is greater than a distance between the first RF converging lens and the first backplane and/or greater than a distance between the second RF converging lens and the second backplane.
64. The base station antenna of claim 44, wherein at least one of the first and second arrays of radiating elements includes no more than two columns of first radiating elements operating in the first frequency band positioned along a vertical direction, and wherein the third array of radiating elements includes only one column of second radiating elements operating in the second frequency band positioned along the vertical direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921025991.3U CN210111046U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Base station antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921025991.3U CN210111046U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Base station antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN210111046U true CN210111046U (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201921025991.3U Expired - Fee Related CN210111046U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Base station antenna |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022087832A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna and base station antenna feed system |
| EP3979423A4 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-12-21 | Rosenberger Technologies Co., Ltd. | Hybrid network antenna |
-
2019
- 2019-07-03 CN CN201921025991.3U patent/CN210111046U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3979423A4 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-12-21 | Rosenberger Technologies Co., Ltd. | Hybrid network antenna |
| US12003032B2 (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2024-06-04 | Prose Technologies (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Hybrid network antenna |
| WO2022087832A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna and base station antenna feed system |
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