CN2109653U

CN2109653U - Rapid charging, point welding, start motor multi-purpose machine

Info

Publication number: CN2109653U
Application number: CN 91226930
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康伯如
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-10-16
Filing date: 1991-10-16
Publication date: 1992-07-08

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rapid charging, point welding, start motor multi-purpose machine composed of a control power supply circuit, a charging control circuit, a charging main circuit, a discharging circuit and a point welding control circuit. The multi-purpose machine has automatic charge and discharge function, high charge speed, low energy consumption, favorable charge effect and no polarization phenomenon and over-charging phenomenon for pole plates in a charging process, and the utility model has the functions of point welding and motor starting.

Description

Rapid charging, point welding, start motor multi-purpose machine

The utility model belongs to electronic technology field.

At present, charger, the spot welding machine kind is a lot, as: various common chargers, quick charger and various types of spot welding machines etc., its operation principle and method of work have nothing in common with each other.

The purpose of this utility model is that a kind of function of design is many, and circuit is simple, collection quick charge, spot welding and the electric notor multiple purpose aeroplane of start-uping a car.

Block diagram of the present utility model as shown in Figure 1, mainly by the control power circuit, charging control circuit, the charging main circuit, discharge circuit and spot welding control circuit are formed; Described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 2 with regard to its operation principle and circuit structure respectively below.

The control power circuit: the 220V alternating current is through transformer T ₁After the transformation, again through diode D ₁-D ₄Rectification, capacitor C ₁, C ₂Filtering and pressurizer IC ₁Obtain burning voltage after the voltage stabilizing; This voltage is by K switch ₁Select optionally connected logical a or b point, i.e. charging control circuit or spot welding control circuit.

Charging control circuit: this circuit has the function of quick charge; Speed when the charging rate of storage battery depends primarily on two pole plates be converted into lead or brown lead oxide by lead sulfate when carrying out chemical reaction; And the speed that this reaction is carried out depends primarily on two aspects, one be two on the pole plate lead sulfate and the size of solution contact area; The 2nd, shift to the H of two pole plates in the unit interval ⁺Ion and O ^--What of the quantity of ion.The former factor more complicated, the alive height of external power when the latter depends primarily on charging, under normal circumstances, along with the lead sulfate on two pole plates constantly generates lead and brown lead oxide, then the area of remaining lead sulfate is constantly reducing, the contact area of it and solution is also in continuous minimizing, this moment, the electromotive force of storage battery showed a rising trend, its internal resistance is constantly reducing the charging current of the solution of flowing through also in continuous increase, and charging rate is slack-off, if improve charging voltage this moment in order to improve charging rate, charging current is increased, not only can't accelerate charging rate, can cause the damage of storage battery on the contrary.When charging current increases, a large amount of H ⁺Ion moves on near the negative plate, and the lead sulfate on negative plate surface at this moment some has been transformed into lead, therefore reaction speed is slack-off, has little time and the H that gathers around in a large number ⁺Ionic reaction, then H ⁺Ion becomes hydrogen (H after giving negative plate with institute is positively charged ₂), around the negative plate and in the pole plate hole, overflow, then can produce very big pressure, make active matter qualitative change shortcake on the negative plate, become fragile and come off, simultaneously, the hydrogen (H that has little time to overflow ₂) attached on the negative plate and it around, increased storage battery interior resistance, reaction can't be carried out, the phenomenon of the pole plate polarization in the charging process that Here it is, the electric current of Zeng Daing can produce a large amount of heats when the interior resistance by storage battery by force, and solution vaporization volatilization is removed, and has reduced the height of liquid level, pole plate is exposed, quicken the oxidation of pole plate, overheatedly also can impel coming off of active material on the two-plate, caused battery damage.A kind of new rapid charging that present technique is designed at above phenomenon just that is: hockets with pulse high current charging and transient pulse heavy-current discharge, to reach depolarising, accelerates the purpose of charging rate.The principle of this method is: when polarization phenomena appear in pole plate one, disconnect charge power supply immediately, simultaneously the indirect resistance that resistance is very little of both positive and negative polarity, make the storage battery heavy-current discharge, in the process of discharge since the polarity of electric field anti-come, at this moment, be collected near the H of negative plate ⁺Ion is open very soon, move round about, make that remaining lead sulfate can keep excellent contact again with solution on the negative plate, reduced the interior resistance of storage battery, discharge time is very short, only needed just can finish in several seconds by tens seconds, reclose charge power supply then, continue charging, because the removal of polarization, accumulator internal resistance reduces, so when charging for the second time, charging current still very big (need not improve charging voltage) is filled like this-put-fill-is put back and reestablishes diplomatic relations for carrying out, two pole plates of storage battery can change lead and brown lead oxide into fully very soon, and storage battery has also just been substituted the bad for the good.

Charging control circuit is made up of counting circuit and charge-discharge control circuit:

(1) counting circuit: the function of counting circuit is: whenever carry out the pulse that one-period is sent out when charge and discharge, counted by counting circuit, when counting circuit reaches certain numerical value; just send signal; cut off the complete machine power supply, shut down at last, simultaneously connection sound Y, light D ₁₀Alarm carries out alarm, and the expression power supply is substituted the bad for the good.Counting circuit is mainly by IC ₃And a small amount of peripheral cell is formed IC ₃Be forward-backward counter, connect by the binary add method of counting, with AN ₂Button joins, and connect high level and put number, the low level zero clearing, 5 pin are switch control ends, join with power cathode, low level is opened, the high level locking, 7 pin are the carry terminal, with R ₃Join, after counter number meter is full, outwards send out a low level, make high digit counter counting, 8 pin connect power supply negative terminal, and 16 pin connect power positive end, and 9 pin connect binary counting during for high level, low level is pressed decimal system counting, here connect high level, 10 pin are that high level is done and added counting, and low level is done and subtracted counting, 15 pin are the count pulse input, export, preset number by 2,14,11,6 pin for 8421 yards and imported by 3,13,12,4 pin.This IC circuit ₃Connect by the binary add method of counting, output signal is taken out by 7 pin carry terminals, puts in several terminals for 4, and 3 pin and 13 pin fixedly connect low level, and 12 pin and 4 pin are respectively by K switch 4, K ₃Can appoint with the high-low level conversion to be connected, can preset " 0000 " to counter and arrive number between " 0011 ", therefore, counter is by till beginning to count down to full number, and the numerical value of being counted is 16 to 13 variations, when counter during less than number, 7 pin are high level, and this level passes through R ₃Make BG ₁Forward bias and conducting, then relay J adhesive, J _2-1Connect the charge and discharge cycles control circuit, make its work carry out reciprocation cycle to storage battery and discharge and recharge with the control main circuit.Control circuit carries out circulation time one time at every control main circuit, just to IC ₃Send out a positive pulse and a negative pulse, IC ₃Only to position counting, when pulse number runs up to the number that makes in the counter for " 1111 ", count a pulse again, just make count value return to " 0000 ", go out a low level signal by 7 human hair combing wastes simultaneously, this low level makes BG ₁End J ₂Disconnect J _2-1Cut off the control circuit power supply, then the charge and discharge cycle process finishes, and complete machine quits work; Press AN ₂Button made for 1 pin moment connect high level, then J ₂, J ₁State just be preset in the counter, and then, AN ₂Reset, 1 pin connects low level once more, just can count count pulse, when complete machine quits work, if press AN again ₂Button, complete machine just can repeat the overall process of a front again.

(2), charging control circuit: the function of this circuit is: control the cycle of charge and discharge, and send out a positive pulse at each charge cycle end to counting circuit, make counter make to add " 1 " counting.Its concrete operation principle is as follows: this circuit is mainly by IC ₄And a small amount of peripheral cell is formed IC ₄Be connected into no steady operating state, work as J _2-1When normally opened contact is closed, connected IC ₄Power supply, power supply begins through R ₆-R ₉To C ₇Charging, beginning moment C ₇Both end voltage is zero, i.e. IC ₄2,6 pin voltages be zero, the J that this moment and 3 pin join ₃Adhesive, J _3-1Connect, make BG ₄Base potential be zero, then collector potential is 12V, J ₅Can not adhesive, J simultaneously _3-2Connect J _3-3Disconnect, power supply passes through C ₆To IC ₃Send out a negative pulse, this pulse can not make IC ₃Counting is just sent out positive pulse for action next time and is prepared, at this moment, and BG ₃Obtain the forward bias value and saturation conduction, J ₄Adhesive, J _4-1Connected SCR ₁Circuits for triggering, making the charging begins to carry out C ₇Both end voltage raises gradually, and promptly to battery charging process: when voltage was elevated to a certain degree, the output hopping of pin 3 was zero, J ₃Disconnect J _3-2Also disconnect J _3-3Connect capacitor C ₃To IC ₃Send out a positive pulse, counter is done and is added " 1 " counting, BG simultaneously ₃Lose inclined to one side threshold voltage and end J ₄Disconnect.J _4-1Disconnect charging circuit, charging stops, owing to be connected to capacitor C herein ₉, BG ₃Time-delay ends J ₄Also be that time-delay disconnects.J _3-1After the disconnection, power supply passes through R ₁₁To C ₁₀Charging, BG ₄The time-delay conducting, J ₅The time-delay adhesive, J _5-1Connect, storage battery passes through C ₁₃To unidirectional controllable silicon S CR ₁Send out a positive pulse, make its conducting, then storage battery has begun discharge process.

Work as IC ₄3 pin outputs when becoming low level, capacitor C ₇Through R ₉-IC ₄7 pin-IC ₄The internal discharge switch discharges to the ground end, through overdischarge, and C ₇Both end voltage reduces, when voltage drops to when certain IC ₄The saltus step again of output 3 pin be 12V.After this, will repeat this process repeatedly automatically, battery is just automatically filled-is put-fill-put, and forms circulation, capacitor C ₉, C ₁₀Be connected to BG respectively ₃, BG ₄Base stage, be used to make BG ₃, BG ₄The time-delay conducting has following effect: at first can guarantee J specifically ₄Disconnection at J ₅Adhesive before finish, if two relays move simultaneously, perhaps J ₄The back action is then because transformer T ₂Do not quit work fully, the level winding still has electromotive force to exist secondarily, can make controllable silicon SCR ₂Two ends exist back-emf or restriction SCR in moment ₂, in the growth rate of conducting initial stage electric current, thus SCR ₂Conducting reliably can not be triggered.Secondly, when shutting down, guarantee at J when finishing charging process at last ₂During action, J ₅Do not have enough time as yet to move, because IC ₄Pass through J for the last time ₃Contact J _3-2, J _3-3To IC ₃Send pulse, make IC ₃7 pin become low level, BG then ₁End J ₂Outage, J _2-1The normally opened contact action, if whole process need certain hour is at J ₂Before the outage, J ₅Action can make SCR earlier ₂The conducting that is triggered again, then storage battery begins discharge again, and complete machine can't quit work.Once more, guarantee J ₄Be pull-in on J ₅Disconnection after finish, this is in order to prevent to work as J ₄After the adhesive, J ₅Do not disconnect as yet, can make controllable silicon SCR ₂Be in conducting state, the alternating-current pulse SCR that flows through ₂Produce very big electric current, cause SCR ₂Damage.

(3), charging main circuit: the charging main circuit is by SCR ₁, T ₂, D ₈, W ₄, C ₁₃, D ₁₀-D ₁₃, R ₁₂-R ₁₅Deng composition, the function of this circuit is: a), adjust the 220V sinusoidal ac T that flows through ₂The time mean value; Use when b), supplying spot welding by BD two ends output 15V AC great current; C), supply to start vehicle motor by A, C two ends output 100Hz pulse current; D), use for charging by A, B two ends output 50Hz pulse current.SCR ₁Be connected into sinusoidal wave circuits for triggering at this, work as J _1-1Or J _4-1When one of them is connected, the 220V sinusoidal ac T that flows through ₂Elementary winding-W ₄-R ₁₄-J _1-1(or J _4-1)-C ₁₁, to C ₁₁Charging, when voltage was charged to the puncture voltage of bidirectional diode DS, DS was breakdown, the electric current SCR that flows through ₁Trigger electrode, SCR triggering and conducting then.Levelling W ₂Can adjust C ₁₁Charging rate, also just aligned SCR ₁The angle of flow, played and adjusted the T that flows through ₂The effect of sinusoidal ac mean value, C ₁₂Access, improved the feature of inductive load, avoid SCR ₁Puncture.

(4), discharge circuit: its function is for making the storage battery SCR that can flow through ₂To T ₂The discharge of secondary winding D.C. high-current is specifically:

Work as J _4-1Disconnect J _5-1During connection, the positive pole of storage battery is through C ₁₃To unidirectional controllable silicon S CR ₂Send out a positive pulse, make SCR ₂The conducting that is triggered, the battery current R that flows through ₁₇And SCR ₂To T ₂The secondary winding discharge after a period of time, disconnects J by filling a discharge cycles control circuit _5-1, connect J then _4-1Continue aforesaid charging process.During the charging beginning, by T ₂Secondary output voltage when this voltage is in a certain half cycle, makes T ₂Be in negative timing down, owing to SCR this moment ₂Still be in conducting state, make this voltage become series connection, the storage battery electric current that sparks is increased, and when the half cycle arrival of back to back next sinusoidal ac, make T with battery tension ₂Negative just down on becoming, SCR ₂The voltage that bear at two ends is the difference of voltage and battery tension for this reason.SCR ₂Become reverse connection and automatically shut down this moment, and discharge process finishes, and charging process begins for the second time.R in the circuit ₁₅Access be in order to make at SCR ₂Conducting moment, T ₂The self-induced e.m.f that secondary winding produced reduces, and makes SCR ₂Conducting smoothly.Protective tube BS ₂Effect one be to prevent that accidental cause from making charging rectifier diode or SCR ₂When burning, alternating current directly is added to storage battery, causes storage battery impaired, moreover utilizes BS ₂Internal resistance carry out charging current limiter, R ₃The current limliting of can discharging avoids excessive discharging current to damage storage battery.

(5), spot welding control circuit: work as K ₂When being in closure state, 2,6 pin of base integrated package are depressed AN this moment again by short circuit over the ground simultaneously during NE555 ₁Button, then IC ₂Must establish beginning work by cable, because 2,6 pin are level "0", thereby output 3 pin are level"1", i.e. output approximates supply voltage 12V, makes relay J ₁Adhesive, one group normally opened contact J _1-1Connected bidirectional triode thyristor SCR ₁Circuits for triggering, make SCR ₁Conducting, transformer T ₂Must establish beginning work by cable, by T ₂Secondary winding B, D two ends output 15V alternating voltage, can directly carry out spot welding, adjust W ₂Scalable SCR ₁The angle of flow, changed T ₂The mean value of last alternating current has reached the purpose of adjusting spot welding voltage, electric current.

Work as K ₂When being in open position, IC ₂2,6 pin pass through capacitor C ₃Ground connection, this moment, NE555 time base integrated package was connected into monostability, worked as AN ₁When being depressed, because capacitor C ₃The two ends initial voltage is zero, and promptly 2,6 pin are level "0", are output as level"1", and this moment, situation was identical with above-mentioned situation, As time goes on, and C ₃Both end voltage is because C ₃Via W ₁, R ₃The series arm of forming is recharged and raises gradually, when this voltage reaches 2/3V _CCWhen being 8V, circuit begins turning, and promptly output 3 pin voltages are 0V by the 12V saltus step, at this moment relay J ₁Disconnect, spot welding stops, and reaches the regularly purpose of spot welding, transfers W ₁Can adjust C ₃The speed of charging has promptly been adjusted timing.

Present technique compared with prior art can a tractor serves several purposes, owing to adopted digital circuit technique, makes the circuit charge and discharge carry out automatically, thereby can really reach the purpose of quick charge, unlikely again damage rechargeable battery.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present utility model;

Enforcement of the present utility model can have the function of quick charge, spot welding and starter, T as shown in Figure 2 ₁Be the transformer of P 〉=6W, secondary voltage is 15V, T ₂Be the transformer of P 〉=25KW, secondary voltage is 15 volts, IC ₁Be AN7812, IC ₂, IC ₄Be NE555, IC ₃Be CD4029, D ₁-D ₉All adopt 1N4001, D ₁₀-D ₁₃Use 2CE50, relay all is JRX-13F.

Claims

A kind of quick charge, spot welding, starter multiple purpose aeroplane of forming by control power circuit, charging circuit and spot welding control circuit, it is characterized in that: described multiple purpose aeroplane is made up of control power circuit, charging control circuit, charging main circuit, discharge circuit and spot welding control circuit, wherein specifically consisting of of each several part:

The control power circuit is by transformer T ₁, rectifier diode D ₁-D ₄, filter capacitor C ₁, C ₂And regulator block IC ₁Form a burning voltage system is provided;

Charging control circuit is made up of counting circuit and charge-discharge control circuit, the counting circuit ic chip ₃1 pin meet switch AN ₂, 3 pin pass through resistance R ₆Join with ground wire, 4 pin pass through resistance R ₇Connect K switch ₃, 5,8 pin and ground wire join, 7 pin and triode BG ₁Base stage between string resistance R arranged ₃, 9,10,16 pin and K switch ₁The a point link 12 pin and K switch ₄Between be connected to resistance R ₅, 13 pin meet switch AN ₂And K switch ₄An end, 15 pin are succeeded electrical equipment J ₃Contact J _3-2And J _3-3End, triode BG ₁Collector electrode and K switch ₁The a point between be connected to relay J ₂Relay J ₂Normally-closed contact J _2-2And be serially connected with light-emitting diode D between the ground wire ₁₀And news Chinese percussion instrument Y, be used to represent that battery substitutes the bad for the good; 555 o'clock matrix IC of charge-discharge control circuit ₄Be connected into no steady operating state, pin 1 joins with power cathode, and string has capacitor C between pin 5 and power cathode ₃, pin 2, pin 6 and resistance R ₉An end and electrochemical capacitor C ₇Positive pole join pin 7 connecting resistance R ₈, R ₉An end, pin 4, pin 8 are succeeded electrical equipment J ₂Contact J _2-1, pin 3 is succeeded electrical equipment J ₃An end, and with triode BG ₃Between string one resistance R arranged ₁₀, BG ₃Base stage and ground between also be connected to capacitor C ₉, triode BG ₃Collector electrode is connected to relay J ₄, triode BG ₄Base stage connecting resistance R ₁₁, capacitor C ₁₀And relay J ₃Normally opened contact J _3-1, its collector connecting relay J ₅:

The charging main circuit is by SCR ₁, T ₂, D ₃, W ₈, C ₁₂, D ₁₀-D ₁₃, R _12-15Form SCR ₁Be connected into sinusoidal wave circuits for triggering, one termination capacitor C ₁₁, R ₁₂And an end of 220V power supply, another termination transformer T ₂Primary coil and W ₂An end, be connected to resistance R between trigger control end and the bidirectional diode DS ₁₃, the other end connecting resistance R of bidirectional diode ₁₂, capacitor C ₁₁The other end and normally opened contact J _1-1, J _4-1An end, and J _1-1, J _4-1The other end and R ₁₄Link transformer T ₂Elementary another termination 220V power supply is at T ₂Elementary and resistance R arranged ₁₅And C ₁₂, at transformer T ₂Secondary two ends and be connected to diode D ₁₀-D ₁₃The rectifier of forming is by T ₂Secondary positive source behind rectifier rectification is by protective tube BS ₂With resistance R ₁₇Join, and as output terminals A end, T ₂The secondary other end is as the B end of charger;

Discharge circuit is by unidirectional controllable silicon S CR ₂, capacitor C ₁₃, resistance R ₁₆, R ₁₇And transformer T ₂Form SCR ₂Positive pole meet R ₁₇An end, negative pole meets transformer T ₂A secondary end, and as the output B of spot welding machine end, SCR ₂Control utmost point connecting resistance R ₁₆, capacitor C ₁₁An end, and R ₁₆, C ₁₅Another termination normally opened contact J _5-1, and J _5-1Another termination output terminals A end;

The spot welding control circuit is by integrated circuit (IC) ₂, relay J ₁, capacitor C ₃, C ₄, C ₅, resistance R ₂, W ₁And switch AN ₁, K ₂Form IC ₂2,6 pin meet capacitor C ₃, resistance R ₂And K ₂An end, pin 5 meets capacitor C ₄An end, and C ₃, C ₄, K ₂The other end and pin 1 earth connection, pin 4, pin 8 meet switch AN ₁And W ₁An end, AN ₁Another termination K ₁The b point, and be parallel with capacitor C ₅, be connected to relay J between pin 3 and the ground wire.