CN210864178U - Large-magnification continuous zooming area array scanning infrared optical system - Google Patents
Large-magnification continuous zooming area array scanning infrared optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The patent discloses a large magnification zooms area array in succession scans infrared optical system includes from the object plane to image plane in proper order: the device comprises a front fixed group, a zoom group, a compensation group, a rear fixed group, a scanning galvanometer, a secondary convergence group, a turning reflector, a tertiary imaging group, an optical window and an aperture diaphragm. The maximum zooming magnification can reach 20 times, and the distortion under each focal length is less than 1 percent; when the scanning galvanometer is in a locked state, the optical system can work in a gaze tracking mode; when the scanning galvanometer is in a round-trip flyback mode, the optical system is in a periodic scanning search mode, the object plane movement in the exposure time caused by the rotation of the scanning platform can be compensated through the flyback of the scanning galvanometer, and the imaging definition and stability during the rotary scanning are kept. The system adopts the form of positive group compensation mechanical zooming and middle parallel light path scanning to realize multi-level area array scanning and high-magnification continuous zooming gaze tracking. The method can be applied to an infrared system integrating search and tracking based on an area array detector.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to an infrared detection optical system, in particular to an infrared optical system for large-magnification continuous zooming area array scanning.
Background
The infrared search tracking system has two functions of target search and target tracking, has the advantages of good concealment, wide detection range, high positioning precision, strong identification camouflage capability, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and has been widely concerned and applied.
The working mode of the infrared searching and tracking system is as follows: firstly, the infrared system platform performs scanning imaging in 360 degrees of azimuth or in an angle range of a key area at a certain rotating speed. After the target is found, the system switches to tracking mode. This requires that the infrared search and tracking system have continuous scan imaging, as well as gaze imaging capabilities. With the application requirement of integration of search and tracking, a continuous scanning type surface array detector imaging system is developed. Scanning of a continuous scan type linear array imaging system during the integration time results in relative motion between the focal plane and the scene, causing smearing and blurring of the image. By the backswing compensation technology, the area array scanning infrared system with the functions of infrared periphery scanning search and gaze tracking can be realized.
Related application research of a scanning type infrared search tracking system based on an area array detector is developed at home and abroad. French HGH infrared systems corporation developed a high fraction of wide area monitoring systems. The system adopts a reverse scanning compensation type image motion compensation scheme and a refrigeration type medium wave infrared area array detector, can complete 360-degree scanning of the azimuth at the search rate of 2 seconds/circle and has a pitching view field of 5 degrees.
The university of the sienna industry in 2012 develops research aiming at a photoelectric early warning detection system, a medium wave 3.7-4.8 um area array detector is adopted, the resolution is 320 × 256, the frame frequency of an output image is 50HZ, the focal length of the system is 90mm, the F number of an optical system is 2, a reverse scanning compensation mode is adopted, a limited-corner direct-current torque motor is utilized to drive a reflector to realize the staring compensation function of a system focusing plane thermal imager, and the phenomenon of image tailing of an area array device in the panoramic search process is eliminated (white wave, the key technical research of an infrared search tracking system adopting the focal plane detector, and the key technical research of the infrared search tracking system adopting the focal plane detector [ D ]. the university of the sienna industry)
In 2014, CN 104539829 a discloses an optical-mechanical structure based on scanning and imaging of an infrared area array detector, which realizes that a single infrared area array detector performs 360-degree all-dimensional scanning and imaging, ensures that no blurring effect is generated due to rotation of a platform when an infrared image is acquired, and can fully exert the characteristics of long integration time and high sensitivity of the area array infrared focal plane detector.
In 2016, the Shanghai technical and physical research institute of Chinese academy of sciences designed an area array detector continuous scanning imaging optical system, the focal length of the system is 73mm, F/2, and the detector is matched with 320 × 256 (in ocean, Wang Shi Yong, etc.. the area array detector continuous scanning imaging optical system, infrared and laser engineering, 2016, 45 (1):0118002-1 to 0118002-5)
In 2019, in patent CN110119022A, a two-stage zoom area array scanning optical system is disclosed, which can switch the large and small fields of view and perform area array return imaging in two states.
Therefore, currently reported infrared area array scanning optical systems are all designed with fixed focal length or two-gear zooming, and do not have the functions of large-magnification multi-gear area array scanning and gaze tracking continuous zooming. During 360-degree circumferential scanning search and gaze tracking, the resolution of the target cannot be continuously changed, and the functions of large-field search and small-field continuous tracking cannot be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the existence of the problems, the patent provides a large-magnification infrared continuous zooming area array scanning optical system. The purpose of this patent is: the large-magnification infrared continuous zooming area array scanning optical system can realize multi-stage zooming area array scanning, continuous zooming and staring tracking, work temperature compensation between minus 30 ℃ and plus 60 ℃ and focusing of imaging at different distances by moving the zooming group and the compensation group.
The technical problem that this patent will be solved is: firstly, the off-axis aberration caused by the backswing of the scanning galvanometer is corrected under the multi-gear focal length state with super-high magnification, so that the scanning galvanometer can be ensured to be imaged clearly in the whole scanning process; and secondly, under the multi-gear focal length state with super-large magnification, the distortion caused by the swinging of the galvanometer is reduced, the registration of the image in the full field range is ensured in the swinging process, and the image is kept stable. Thirdly, a solution is provided, and large-magnification ultralow-distortion multi-gear zooming area array scanning, continuous zooming and gaze tracking, work temperature compensation of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃ and focusing of imaging at different distances are realized simultaneously.
The system adopts a refrigeration type infrared detector to realize better detection performance. To suppress background radiation, the aperture stop of the optical system is 100% matched to the cold stop of the detector. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the volume of the optical system, the aperture of the first lens is reduced, so that the entrance pupil is designed on the front end surface of the first lens. Further, in order to reduce the size of the galvanometer, the exit pupil of the telescopic system is designed to be at the galvanometer position.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is shown in figure 1, and the patent is realized by the following technical scheme: the optical system for infrared imaging sequentially comprises a front fixed group 1, a compensation group 2, a zoom group 3, a rear fixed group 4, a scanning galvanometer 5, a secondary convergence group 6, a turning reflector 7, a tertiary imaging group 8, an optical window 9, an aperture diaphragm 10 and an image plane 11 from an object space to an image space. The imaging light beam from the object space sequentially passes through the front fixed group 1, the compensation group 2, the zoom group 3 and the rear fixed group 4 to be changed into parallel light beams, and after the parallel light beams are bent by the scanning galvanometer 5, the parallel light beams pass through the secondary convergence group 6, the bending reflector 7, the tertiary imaging group 8, the optical window 9 and the aperture diaphragm 10 to be imaged on the image surface.
The working wave band of the system is 3-5 μm; short focal length of f1Focal length of tele is f2The zoom ratio of the system is as follows: f ═ f2/f1(ii) a The zoom ratio of the system is 1<Gamma is less than or equal to 20; the F number of the infrared system ranges from: f is more than or equal to 4.0 and less than or equal to 5.5;
the zoom group 2 moves towards the object space, and the focal length is shortened; the zoom group 2 moves toward the image side, and the focal length becomes longer. In the moving process of the zoom group 2, the compensation group 3 correspondingly moves to compensate the image plane movement in the zooming process, so as to realize continuous zooming.
The compensation group 3 moves along the optical axis direction, and has the functions of zooming image plane drift, image plane drift at different working temperatures and imaging image plane drift compensation at different object distances. The continuous zooming, the working temperature in the range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃, the imaging object distance range of 10 m to infinity and the like can be realized, the image quality is good, and the focal plane position is unchanged.
A telescopic system is composed of a front fixed group 1, a zoom group 2, a compensation group 3 and a rear fixed group 4, rays from infinity pass through the front four groups and become parallel rays to be emitted, and the exit pupil of the parallel rays is positioned at the position of a scanning galvanometer 5. The optical system entrance pupil position is located at the front surface of the front fixed first lens 1-1. The aperture diaphragm 10 is superposed with the cold diaphragm in the infrared detector matched with the system, and the apertures are the same. The angle between the turning reflector 7 and the light path is 45 degrees, and the light path is turned by 90 degrees.
The scanning galvanometer 5 is positioned in a parallel light path and has two working states, namely a locking state and a back-and-forth retrace state, when the galvanometer 5 is in the locking state, the galvanometer 5 is placed at an angle of 45 degrees with an optical axis of a telescope, the light path is turned by 90 degrees, the optical system works in a gaze tracking mode, and can continuously zoom during gaze, when the scanning galvanometer 5 is in the back-and-forth retrace state, the optical system works in a circular scanning search mode, an image plane is imaged without defocusing, the optical system can be applied to an area array circular scanning search mode under the state of multi-level focal length, α is an effective backswing scanning angle of the scanning galvanometer 5, β is an amplification factor of a telescopic system consisting of a front fixed group 1, a variable-magnification group 2, a compensation group 3 and a rear fixed group 4 under the short-focus state, the circular scanning rotation speed of the optical system is omega, the integration time of an area array detector is tau, and when the infrared optical system performs scanning compensation of the:
the front fixed group 1 consists of a front fixed first lens 1-1 and a front fixed second lens 1-2. The front fixed first lens 1-1 is a meniscus silicon lens of positive power curved toward the image side. The front fixed second lenses 1-2 are meniscus aspheric germanium lenses with negative focal power and bending towards the image.
The zoom group 2 is a double-concave spherical silicon lens with negative focal power.
The compensation group 3 consists of a compensation first lens 3-1 and a compensation second lens 3-2. The compensation first lens 3-1 is a meniscus spherical silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image side; the compensating second lens 3-2 is a meniscus aspherical germanium lens of positive power bent to the image side.
The rear fixed group 4 consists of a rear fixed first lens 4-1 and a rear fixed second lens 4-2; the rear fixed first lens 4-1 is a biconvex spherical zinc sulfide lens with positive focal power, and the rear fixed second lens 4-2 is a meniscus aspheric diffraction germanium lens with positive focal power and bent to the object space.
The secondary convergence group 6 consists of a secondary convergence first lens 6-1 and a secondary convergence second lens 6-2; the second-time convergence first lens 6-1 is a negative focal power spherical calcium fluoride lens which is bent to the scanning galvanometer 5; the second-time converging second lens 6-2 is a positive-power aspheric AMTIR1 lens of the bending turning reflector 7;
the three-time imaging group 8 consists of a three-time imaging first lens 8-1 and a three-time imaging second lens 8-2. The first lens 8-1 for tertiary imaging is a meniscus spherical silicon lens with positive focal power and bent toward the turning reflector 7. The third imaging second lens 8-2 is a meniscus aspherical silicon lens with positive power bent to the image side.
The infrared continuous zooming area array scanning optical system has the biggest characteristics that: by moving the zoom group and the compensation group and the back and forth retrace of the scanning galvanometer, multi-stage focal length area array scanning and continuous zooming and staring tracking are realized; and the accurate registration of images in the full field of view in the multi-focus state scanning process is ensured, and the definition and stability of imaging are ensured. The distance of the compensation group is finely adjusted front and back, and the working temperature compensation between minus 30 ℃ and plus 60 ℃ and the focusing of the imaging at different distances are realized simultaneously. The optical system has the advantages of search, tracking, continuous zooming, wide working temperature range and clear imaging distance range. The method is mainly applied to an infrared search and tracking integrated system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a large magnification infrared continuous zoom area array scanning short-focus 28mm optical layout; wherein 1 is a front fixed group, 2 is a zoom group, 3 is a compensation group, 4 is a rear fixed group, 5 is a scanning galvanometer, 6 is a secondary convergence group, 7 is a turning reflector, 8 is a tertiary imaging group, 9 is an optical window, 10 is an aperture diaphragm, and 11 is an image surface;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a focal length 60mm of a large-magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system;
FIG. 3 is a 120mm focal length layout diagram of a large-magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system;
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a focal length 240mm of a large-magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system;
FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of a focal length 360mm of a large-magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system;
FIG. 6 is a 480mm focal length layout diagram of a large-magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system;
FIG. 7 is a 560mm focal length layout diagram of a large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 28 mm;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 60 mm;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a 60mm focal length galvanometer angle of 44.35;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function at a focal length of 60mm galvanometer included angle of 45.65;
FIG. 12 is a 60mm focal length optical distortion plot;
FIG. 13 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 120 mm;
FIG. 14 is a graph of optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 240 mm;
FIG. 15 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 240mm galvanometer at an included angle of 44.35;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function at a focal length of 240mm galvanometer included angle of 45.65;
FIG. 17 is a graph of optical distortion at focal length 240 mm;
FIG. 18 is a plot of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 360 mm;
FIG. 19 is a plot of the optical modulation transfer function for focal length 480 mm;
FIG. 20 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length 480mm galvanometer included angle of 44.35;
FIG. 21 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function at a focal length of 480mm galvanometer included angle of 45.65 °;
FIG. 22 is a diagram of optical distortion for focal length 480 mm;
FIG. 23 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for focal length 560 mm;
Detailed Description
This patent is now further described with reference to the examples, and the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, and fig. 7, the large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system of the present invention sequentially includes a front fixed group 1, a zoom group 2, a compensation group 3, a rear fixed group 4, a scanning galvanometer 5, a secondary convergence group 6, a turning mirror 7, a tertiary imaging group 8, an optical window 9, and an aperture stop 10 from an object side to an image side.
The optical system of the patent is a 20-time large-magnification continuous zooming area array scanning optical system, the working waveband is 3.0-5.0 mu m, the F number of the infrared system is F/4, the infrared two-gear zooming area array scanning optical system is matched with a refrigeration type infrared detector, the detector array is 640 × 512, and the pixel size is 15 mu m;
of focal length systemsShort focal length of f128mm long focal length f2560mm, the zoom ratio of the system is: f ═ f2/f1The corresponding optical field coverage is from 0.98 degrees × 0.79 degrees to 19.47 degrees × 15.63.63 degrees, the F number is constant to 4 in the whole zooming range, the optical system adopts the structural form of refraction and diffraction mixed transmission type three-time imaging, and the optical system has the cold stop efficiency of 100 percent, and the optical system is schematically illustrated in the positions of 28mm, 60mm, 120mm, 240mm, 360mm, 480mm and 560mm in the figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively.
At the position of 28mm of focal length, the center of the back surface of the variable-power group 2 relative to the front fixed second lens 1-2 is 39.36 mm; the distance from the center of the front surface of the first lens 4-1 is fixed to be 45.93mm after the compensation second lens 3-2 is fixed relatively; the center of the back surface of the variable power group 2 and the front surface of the compensation first lens 3-1 is separated by 118.634 mm;
at the position of 240mm of focal length, the center of the back surface of the variable-power group 2 relative to the front fixed second lens 1-2 is 138.09 mm; the center distance of the front surface of the first lens 4-1 is 45.74mm after the compensation second lens 3-2 is fixed relatively; the center of the back surface of the zoom group 2 and the center of the front surface of the compensation first lens 3-1 are spaced by 25.09 mm;
at the position of 560mm of focal length, the center of the back surface of the variable power group 2 relative to the front fixed second lens 1-2 is 177.44mm apart; the distance from the center of the front surface of the first lens 4-1 is 18.40mm after the compensation second lens 3-2 is fixed relatively; the center of the back surface of the zoom group 2 and the center of the front surface of the compensation first lens 3-1 are spaced by 8.09 mm;
the system can perform area array scanning work in a multi-gear focal length state. For example, the six-gear focal length can be selected as follows: and performing area array scanning at 60mm, 120mm, 180mm, 240mm, 360mm, 480mm and other positions.
Furthermore, in order to correct chromatic aberration and large field aberration, the aspheric surface or the mode of the aspheric surface plus a diffraction surface is adopted on part of the lens surface, so that the image quality is improved, and the number of the lenses and the volume of the lens are reduced.
Furthermore, in order to correct the aberration of the system under multiple states, the system adds a diffraction surface in the rear fixed second lens 4-2, which can effectively eliminate chromatic aberration and cancel the residual aberration of the front lens group.
Furthermore, in order to improve the energy utilization efficiency, the front and rear surfaces of all the lenses are plated with high-quality antireflection films so as to improve the response sensitivity and the detection distance of the system.
The significant effect of the large-magnification continuous zooming area array scanning infrared optical system is shown in the attached drawing, wherein in the attached drawing, FIG. 8 is an optical modulation transfer function graph with a focal length of 28 mm; FIG. 9 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 60 mm; FIG. 10 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a 60mm focal length galvanometer angle of 44.35; FIG. 11 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function at a focal length of 60mm galvanometer included angle of 45.65; FIG. 12 is a 60mm focal length optical distortion plot; FIG. 13 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 120 mm; FIG. 14 is a graph of optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 240 mm; FIG. 15 is a graph of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 240mm galvanometer at an included angle of 44.35; FIG. 16 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function at a focal length of 240mm galvanometer included angle of 45.65; FIG. 17 is a graph of optical distortion at focal length 240 mm; FIG. 18 is a plot of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length of 360 mm; FIG. 19 is a plot of the optical modulation transfer function for focal length 480 mm; FIG. 20 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function for a focal length 480mm galvanometer included angle of 44.35; FIG. 21 is a diagram of the optical modulation transfer function at a focal length of 480mm galvanometer included angle of 45.65 °; FIG. 22 is a diagram of optical distortion for focal length 480 mm; FIG. 23 is a graph of optical modulation transfer function at focal length 560 mm.
Technical features not described in the present patent may be implemented by the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein. The above description is only an example of the present patent and is not intended to limit the present patent, and the present patent is not limited to the above examples, and variations, modifications, additions and substitutions, such as a corresponding change in lens material or an increase in the number of lenses in a lens set, which are made by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the present patent, shall fall within the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (7)
1. A large-magnification continuous zooming area array scanning infrared optical system comprises a front fixed group (1), a zooming group (2), a compensation group (3), a rear fixed group (4), a scanning galvanometer (5), a secondary convergence group (6), a turning reflector (7), a tertiary imaging group (8), an optical window (9), an aperture diaphragm (10) and an image plane (11); the method is characterized in that:
imaging light beams from an object space sequentially pass through a front fixing group (1), a zooming group (2), a compensation group (3) and a rear fixing group (4) and then are changed into parallel light beams, and after the parallel light beams are bent by a scanning galvanometer (5), the parallel light beams pass through a secondary convergence group (6), a bending reflector (7), a tertiary imaging group (8), an optical window (9) and an aperture diaphragm (10), and then are imaged on an image surface; the variable magnification ratio Γ of the optical system is: 1< gamma < 20; the F-number of the optical system is: f is more than or equal to 4.0 and less than or equal to 5.5;
the zoom group (2) moves towards the object space, and the focal length is shortened; the zoom group (2) moves towards the image space, and the focal length is lengthened; in the moving process of the zoom group (2), the compensation group (3) correspondingly moves to compensate the image surface movement in the zooming process, so that continuous zooming is realized;
the compensation group (3) moves along the direction of an optical axis, and has the functions of zooming image plane drift, image plane drift at different working temperatures and imaging image plane drift compensation at different object distances;
a telescopic system is composed of a front fixed group (1), a zoom group (2), a compensation group (3) and a rear fixed group (4), rays from infinity pass through the front four groups and then become parallel rays to be emitted, and the exit pupil of the parallel rays is positioned at the position of a scanning galvanometer (5); the position of the entrance pupil of the optical system is positioned on the front surface of the front fixed first lens (1-1); the aperture diaphragm (10) is superposed with the cold diaphragm in the infrared detector matched with the system, and the apertures are the same; the angle between the turning reflector (7) and the light path is 45 degrees, and the light path is turned by 90 degrees.
2. The large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front fixed group (1) consists of a front fixed first lens (1-1) and a front fixed second lens (1-2); the front fixed first lens (1-1) is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image side; the front fixed second lenses (1-2) are meniscus aspheric germanium lenses with negative focal power and bending towards the image.
3. The large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zoom group (2) is a double-concave spherical silicon lens with negative focal power.
4. The large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compensation group (3) consists of a compensation first lens (3-1) and a compensation second lens (3-2); the first compensating lens (3-1) is a meniscus spherical silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image side; the second compensating lens (3-2) is a meniscus type aspheric germanium lens with positive focal power bent to the image side.
5. The large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear fixed group (4) consists of a rear fixed first lens (4-1) and a rear fixed second lens (4-2); the rear fixed first lens (4-1) is a biconvex spherical zinc sulfide lens with positive focal power, and the rear fixed second lens (4-2) is a meniscus aspheric diffraction germanium lens with positive focal power and bent towards an object.
6. The large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary convergence group (6) consists of a secondary convergence first lens (6-1) and a secondary convergence second lens (6-2); the second-time convergence first lens (6-1) is a negative-focal-power spherical calcium fluoride lens which is bent to the scanning galvanometer (5); the second secondary converging lens (6-2) is a positive power aspheric AMTIR1 lens bent towards the turning reflector (7).
7. The large magnification continuous zoom area array scanning infrared optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cubic imaging group (8) consists of a cubic imaging first lens (8-1) and a cubic imaging second lens (8-2); the third imaging first lens (8-1) is a meniscus spherical silicon lens with positive focal power and bent towards the turning reflector (7); the third imaging second lens (8-2) is a meniscus type aspheric silicon lens with positive focal power and bent to the image side.
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