CN112305734B - Large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional oscillating mirror - Google Patents
Large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional oscillating mirror Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/146—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having more than five groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with a two-dimensional swinging mirror, which sequentially comprises a telescopic system, the two-dimensional swinging mirror and a rear group lens from an object space to an image space, wherein: the telescopic system comprises a front group of telescopic objective lenses, a virtual drawing lens, a zoom lens, a compensation lens, a focusing lens and a telescopic eyepiece which are coaxial with the optical axis; along the optical axis direction, the first surface of the zoom lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of the germanium substrate, and the first surface of the compensation lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of the silicon substrate; the rear group lens comprises a rear group lens I, a rear group lens II, a turning reflector, a rear group lens III and a rear group lens IV; the imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through the telescope objective lens, the virtual drawing mirror, the zoom lens, the compensation mirror and the focusing mirror for one-time imaging, then passes through the telescope eyepiece and then is emitted to the two-dimensional swinging mirror in parallel, then is reflected to the rear group lens I and the rear group lens II for two-time imaging through the two-dimensional swinging mirror, and finally passes through the rear group lens III and the rear group lens IV for three-time imaging after being reflected by the turning mirror. The invention has the characteristics of small lens quantity, small volume, light weight, high resolution, and the like, and the lens has good imaging quality within the range of-40 ℃ to +65 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of infrared optical systems, in particular to a continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system of a large target surface high-resolution medium wave refrigeration detector with a two-dimensional swing mirror.
Background
The infrared continuous zoom lens can well capture, track, monitor and calibrate the target, can keep the stability and continuity of images, can keep the images of the target clear, and can also realize large-view-field searching and small-view-field resolution, and has more application in various photoelectric loads. With the continuous deterioration of modern military matters and the continuous development of infrared optical technology and processing design technology, in particular to the continuous progress of detector technology. The infrared system has long been developed in application in breadth and depth. Compared with the common 640 x 512 area array detector, the large target area 1280 x 1024 area array detector has the advantages that the pixel number is greatly increased, the resolution of the system to scenes is greatly improved, more scene details can be seen, and the picture is more comfortable in sense. Under the condition that the detector is certain, compared with a large view field, the staring type thermal infrared imager can reduce the resolution of the system, and the scanning type thermal infrared imager can search and track the target in the large view field without losing the resolution.
However, the basic structural form of the existing scanning thermal infrared imager is not suitable for large target surface 1280×1024 area array detectors, and the image quality can be gradually deteriorated in the process from short focus to long focus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with a two-dimensional oscillating mirror, which has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and a full-focus section has good imaging quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a take big target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of two-dimensional swing mirror, including telescope system, two-dimensional swing mirror and back group lens in proper order from object space to image space, wherein:
the telescopic system comprises a front group of telescopic objective lenses, a virtual drawing lens, a zoom lens, a compensation lens, a focusing lens and a telescopic eyepiece which are coaxial with the optical axis;
the rear group lens comprises a rear group lens I, a rear group lens II, a turning reflector, a rear group lens III and a rear group lens IV; wherein the first rear group lens and the second rear group lens have the same optical axis, and the third rear group lens and the fourth rear group lens have the same optical axis;
the imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through the telescope objective lens, the virtual drawing mirror, the zoom lens, the compensation mirror and the focusing mirror for one-time imaging, then passes through the telescope eyepiece and then is emitted to the two-dimensional swinging mirror in parallel, then is reflected to the rear group lens I and the rear group lens II for two-time imaging through the two-dimensional swinging mirror, and finally passes through the rear group lens III and the rear group lens IV for three-time imaging after being reflected by the turning mirror.
With the technical scheme, the front group telescope objective lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing an object space, the virtual lens is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the variable magnification lens is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensation lens is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens is a meniscus zinc selenide positive lens with a convex surface facing an image space, and the telescope eyepiece is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
In the technical scheme, the first rear group lens is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the second rear group lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the third rear group lens is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the fourth rear group lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two-dimensional swing mirror is made of quartz glass, and the turning mirror is made of K9 glass.
By adopting the technical scheme, the focal length range of the lens of the optical system is 60 mm-360 mm, and the F number is 4.
With the technical proposal, the two-dimensional swinging mirror rotates in azimuth at 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s respectively during long and short focus.
According to the technical scheme, along the optical axis direction, the first surface of the virtual drawing mirror is an aspheric surface of a germanium substrate, the first surface of the zoom mirror is an aspheric diffraction surface of the germanium substrate, the first surface of the compensation mirror is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate, and the second surface of the focusing mirror is an aspheric surface of a zinc selenide substrate.
With the technical proposal, the first surface of the first rear group lens and the first surface of the third rear group lens are respectively aspheric surfaces of germanium substrates.
By adopting the technical scheme, the distance between the vertex of the first surface of the zoom lens and the vertex of the second surface of the virtual lens is 18.44-36.19 mm along the optical axis direction, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens and the vertex of the first surface of the compensation lens is 59.45-6 mm, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the compensation lens and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens is 35.52-71.22 mm, and the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the virtual lens and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens is unchanged in the continuous zooming process.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two-dimensional swinging mirror and the turning mirror are arranged in parallel, the light of the optical axis is turned into parallel optical axis, and the structure of the whole optical system is distributed in a Z shape.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with a two-dimensional swinging mirror, which respectively uses an aspheric diffraction element based on a germanium substrate and a silicon substrate. The variable magnification group adopts the aspheric diffraction surface of the germanium substrate, the compensation group adopts the aspheric diffraction surface of the silicon substrate, the silicon density is smaller, the caliber of the front group lens can be compressed, the aberration can be well corrected, the system is greatly simplified, the number of lenses of the optical system is reduced, and the transmittance of the system is improved.
Furthermore, the invention adopts a mechanical compensation zooming mode, the optical system can realize continuous change of focal length and keep the image surface stable, the zooming cam curve is smooth and has no inflection point, and the imaging quality of the full focal section is good.
Further, the large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror adopts a two-dimensional oscillating mirror rapid scanning optical path structure mode in a long and short focus, so that the length Jiao Shichang of the system is increased under the condition that resolution is not lost, and the searching and tracking of targets in a large view field are completed.
Furthermore, the large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swinging mirror has good imaging quality under the close range and high and low temperature environment through the axial movement of the focusing mirror.
Further, the large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swinging mirror performs optical correction in a mode of drawing a virtual lens at the long focal end in a backward moving mode to blur an image.
Furthermore, the large-target-surface medium-wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror adopts a three-time imaging structure, not only meets 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, but also can compress the aperture of a front group of telescopic system lenses.
Furthermore, the large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror strictly controls the refrigerating reflection effect, namely, controls the RMS value of the detector which is finally imaged on the target surface of the detector after being reflected by each surface of the lens, and does not generate ghost images.
Further, the optical axis is at the horizontal middle position of the structural size of the whole system, the optical system is folded twice, the two-dimensional swinging mirror realizes azimuth scanning and vertical precision stability, the two-dimensional swinging mirror and the rear group of folding mirrors are placed in parallel, the optical axis light is folded into parallel optical axes, and the lens is distributed in a Z shape, so that the lens is perfectly matched with the whole system while the volume is compressed as much as possible.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional plot of the short focal length of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional view of the mid-focal of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an optical system length Jiao Erwei of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm for the short focal length of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm for a short focal length two-dimensional oscillating mirror of the optical system of the present invention scanning in negative-120/s;
FIG. 7 is a chart of MTF at 32lp/mm for a forward scan of a short focal length two-dimensional oscillating mirror of the optical system of the present invention at +120°/s;
FIG. 8 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm at the focal end in an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the tele end of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm for a two-dimensional oscillating mirror at the tele end of an optical system of the present invention scanning in negative-60/s;
FIG. 11 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm for a forward scan of a two-dimensional oscillating mirror at the tele end of an optical system of the present invention at +60°/s;
in fig. 1: 1-telescope objective lens, 2-virtual drawing lens, 3-zoom lens, 4-compensation lens, 5-focusing lens, 6-telescope eyepiece lens, 7-two-dimensional swinging lens, 8-rear group lens I, 9-rear group lens II, 10-turning mirror, 11-rear group lens III and 12-rear group lens IV.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the large-target-surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror comprises a telescopic system, the two-dimensional oscillating mirror and a rear group, and the docking is realized by matching the exit pupil of the front telescopic system with the entrance pupil of the rear group. The telescopic system is connected with the rear group through a two-dimensional swing mirror. The telescopic system comprises six lenses of a telescopic objective lens 1, a virtual drawing lens 2, a zoom lens 3, a compensating lens 4, a focusing lens 5, a telescopic eyepiece 6 and the like which are coaxial with the optical axis; the two-dimensional swinging mirror 7 realizes two-dimensional reverse scanning, so that the view field is enlarged; the rear group comprises 4 lenses of a rear group lens I8, a rear group lens II 9, a turning mirror 10, a rear group lens III 11 and a rear group lens IV 12. Wherein the first lens group 8 and the second lens group 9 have the same optical axis, and the third lens group 11 and the fourth lens group 12 have the same optical axis. The rear group incorporates a turning mirror 10 to turn the optical path to reduce the volume.
The infrared radiation of the background and the target is stably converged on the target surface of the medium wave infrared detector through two-dimensional scanning and pitching view field. The invention adopts the structure form of the quick two-dimensional scanning light path of the reflector to replace the common turret to realize panoramic imaging by integrally rotating and pitching in azimuth. Compared with a turret type, the invention has the advantages of high control bandwidth, small motor moment of inertia, high positioning precision, quick real-time response and the like by using the two-dimensional swing mirror scanning light path type, greatly reduces the two-dimensional rotation load, improves the scanning speed, simplifies the system structure and is also good for reducing the system volume.
In fig. 1, the solid line of the optics is the short focal position and the dashed line is the long focal position. The imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through the telescope objective lens 1, the virtual drawing mirror 2, the zoom lens 3, the compensating mirror 4 and the focusing mirror 5 to be imaged for the next time, then passes through the telescope eyepiece lens 6 to be emitted to the two-dimensional swinging mirror 7 in parallel, is reflected to the first rear group lens 8 and the second rear group lens 9 to be imaged for the second time, passes through the turning mirror 10 to change the path, and finally passes through the third rear group lens 11 and the fourth rear group lens 12 to be imaged for the third time on the detector. In the zooming process, the zoom lens 3 and the compensation lens 4 are adopted to move back and forth along the optical axis to achieve the purpose of continuous zooming, the focal length range of the optical lens is 60 mm-360 mm, and the F number is 4. By adopting a mechanical compensation zooming mode, the optical system can realize continuous change of focal length and keep stable image surface, the zooming cam curve is smooth and has no inflection point, and the imaging quality of the full focal section is good.
The design is carried out by choosing the common structure form of the folded light path, and the focus is found to be changed and the image quality is also changed in the zooming process. In the optimization, a germanium-based diffraction element is firstly used for the variable magnification lens 3, so that the image quality is improved better. However, the satisfactory image quality is difficult to obtain after multiple times of optimization, and particularly the influence of chromatic aberration is obvious. The present invention has been attempted twice, by dividing the variable magnification lens 3 into two pieces from one piece, and by adding a diffraction surface to the surface of the compensation lens made of a silicon material. After multiple optimizations, it is found that by adding a silicon aspheric diffraction surface form on the surface of the compensation mirror 4, the problem of degradation of long and short focal images can be better solved, the system is greatly simplified, the number of lens sheets of the optical system can be reduced, the weight of the system is further reduced, the transmittance of the system is improved, and the optical system is excellent in the whole focal Duan Chengxiang. The invention has good imaging quality through the axial movement of the focusing lens in a close-range and high-low temperature environment.
Furthermore, the optical axis of the optical system is at the horizontal middle position of the structural size of the whole system, the optical system is folded twice, the two-dimensional swinging mirror 7 realizes azimuth scanning, vertical precision and stability are realized, the two-dimensional swinging mirror 7 and the rear group of folding reflectors 10 are placed in parallel, the optical axis light is folded into parallel optical axes, and the lenses are distributed in a Z shape, so that the volume is compressed as much as possible, and the lenses are perfectly matched with the whole system.
Furthermore, the optical lens materials are all silicon, germanium and zinc selenide which are commonly used in an infrared optical system, the incident direction of light is the object side, and the emergent direction of light is the image side. In the embodiment of the invention, the front group telescope objective lens 1 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing an object, the virtual lens 2 is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the object, the zoom lens 3 is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensation lens 4 is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens 5 is a meniscus zinc selenide positive lens with a convex surface facing an image, and the telescope lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image. The first rear group lens 8 is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the second rear group lens 9 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the third rear group lens 11 is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the fourth rear group lens 12 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space. The lens is suitable for a large-target-surface high-resolution 1280×1064@15 mu m medium-wave refrigeration detector; the lens has the characteristics of small number of lenses, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and has good imaging quality within the range of-40 ℃ to +65 ℃.
Further, the optical system comprises 2 mirrors, and the two-dimensional swing mirror material can be quartz glass, such as MY403 type two-dimensional swing mirror. The back group of turning mirror materials can be K9 glass.
The invention relates to a large target surface medium wave refrigeration continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system with a two-dimensional swinging mirror, which has a focal length of 60 mm-360 mm and a constant F number of 4 in the zooming process.
When the zoom lens is switched from short focal length of 60mm to long focal length of 360mm, the zoom lens 3 performs nonlinear movement along the optical axis in the direction away from the telescopic objective lens 1 to realize zooming, and the compensation lens 4 performs linear movement in the direction close to the telescopic objective lens 1 to compensate image plane movement caused by focal length change to realize continuous zooming.
Meanwhile, the optical system realizes azimuth rotation and pitching precision and stability in a structure mode of rapidly scanning the light path by adopting the two-dimensional swinging mirror 7 in the long and short focuses, so that the length Jiao Shichang of the system is increased under the condition of not losing resolution, and the searching and tracking of targets in a large view field are completed. In the embodiment of the invention, the optical system rotates in azimuth at 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s respectively by the two-dimensional swinging mirror 7 according to project requirements, and the pitching is stable, and the integration time of the detector is 8ms, so that the field of view of the long and short focuses is enlarged.
Furthermore, the optical system realizes azimuth rotation and pitching precision and stability in a fast scanning light path structure mode of a two-dimensional swinging mirror in a long and short focus, so that the length Jiao Shichang of the optical system is increased under the condition that resolution is not lost, and the searching and tracking of targets in a large view field are completed.
Furthermore, the lens of the optical system adopts a three-imaging and two-folding structure, thereby not only meeting 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, but also being capable of compressing the aperture of the front group of lenses. The refrigeration reflection effect is strictly controlled, namely the RMS value of the detector, which is finally imaged on the target surface of the detector after being reflected by each surface of the lens, is controlled, and ghost images are avoided. Specifically, the invention calculates YNI value and I/IBAR value of the lens surface by NAR command in optical software, thereby judging the surface possibly having cold reflection risk, and then controls cold reflection effect by controlling lens curvature and incidence angle of light on the lens surface.
Further, along the optical axis direction, the distance between the vertex of the first surface of the variable-magnification lens 3 and the vertex of the second surface of the virtual lens 2 is 18.44-36.19 mm, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the variable-magnification lens 3 and the vertex of the first surface of the compensating lens 4 is 59.45-6 mm, and the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the compensating lens 4 and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens 5 is 35.52-71.22 mm, namely, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the virtual lens 2 and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens 5 is not changed in the continuous zooming process. The optical system performs optical correction at the telephoto end by moving the virtual lens 2 backward to blur the image. The zooming curve of the optical system is smooth and has no inflection point, and is suitable for processing and adjusting.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the telescopic objective lens 1 to the primary image point along the optical path direction is 200mm, and the distance from the primary image point to the target surface of the detector is 150mm.
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional view of the short focal length of the optical system of the present invention, with the variable magnification lens and the compensation lens in the solid line position of FIG. 1, and with a focal length of 60mm.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional view of the focus in an optical system of the present invention, with the variable magnification mirror and the compensation mirror moving relative to each other, between the solid line and dashed line positions, with a focal length of 160mm.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the length Jiao Erwei of the optical system of the present invention, with the variable magnification lens and the compensation lens in the dashed line position of fig. 1, and with a focal length of 360mm.
FIG. 5 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the short focal length end of the optical system of the present invention, with the variable magnification lens and the compensation lens in the solid line position of FIG. 1, and with a transfer function curve for each field of view of 60mm focal length.
FIG. 6 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the short focal length end of the optical system of the present invention, where the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the solid line position of FIG. 1, and the transfer function curves of each field of view when the focal length of the 60mm two-dimensional oscillating lens is scanned in negative direction at-120 DEG/s.
FIG. 7 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the short focal length end of the optical system of the present invention, where the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the solid line position of FIG. 1, and the transfer function curve of each field of view when the focal length 60mm two-dimensional oscillating lens is scanned forward at +120 DEG/s.
FIG. 8 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of focal length for a zoom lens and compensation lens relative motion between solid and dashed line positions, and a transfer function curve for each field of view at a focal length of 160mm in an optical system of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the telephoto end of the optical system of the present invention, where the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the dashed line position in FIG. 1, and the transfer function curves of each field of view with a focal length of 360mm.
FIG. 10 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the tele end of the optical system of the present invention, with the variable magnification mirror and the compensation mirror in the dashed line position of FIG. 1, and with a 360mm focal length two-dimensional oscillating mirror scanning negatively at-60/s.
FIG. 11 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the tele end of the optical system of the present invention, the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the dashed line position of FIG. 1, and the transfer function curve of each field of view is shown when the focal length 360mm two-dimensional oscillating lens is scanned forward at +60/s.
From the above figures it can be seen that: (1) In the invention, the off-axis MTF is basically maintained at 0.1 or above at 32Lp/mm in the range of 60mm to 360mm of short coke; (2) The invention has the advantages that the image quality is basically consistent with that of the two-dimensional swing mirror when scanning is carried out in the length Jiao Jiaowei and has good quality when not scanning. Further, by adding the silicon aspheric diffraction surface form on the surface of the compensation mirror, aberration can be well corrected, and good image quality of the whole focal segment can be maintained. Meanwhile, the two-dimensional swing mirror structure can increase the length Jiao Shichang and maintain good quality.
The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swinging mirror uses a germanium substrate diffraction element and a silicon substrate diffraction element, reduces the number of lenses, greatly simplifies the system, ensures that the system has excellent imaging quality in the whole focal section in large target surface imaging, adopts a three-time imaging and mechanical compensation zooming and two-dimensional swinging mirror rapid scanning optical path structure form, meets 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, has simple optical machine structure, small volume and light weight, and has good application prospect, and is particularly suitable for mast type and pod type photoelectric equipment. The invention creatively uses special surface types in the variable-magnification group and the compensation group respectively, the system can clearly image the whole focal section, and the clear imaging can be realized within the temperature range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 65 ℃.
In conclusion, the large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror adopts a three-time imaging and mechanical compensation zooming and two-dimensional oscillating mirror rapid scanning optical path structure form. The zoom group adopts a diffraction surface of a germanium substrate, the compensation group adopts a diffraction surface based on a silicon substrate, the number of lenses of the front group is reduced, the aperture of the lenses of the front group is compressed, the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency is met, and the whole coke Duan Xiangcha is well corrected. The system comprises a front group and a rear group, and in the zooming process, the zoom lens and the compensation lens are adopted to move back and forth along the optical axis so as to achieve the purpose of continuous zooming. The invention has the characteristics of small lens quantity, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and the full-focus section has good imaging quality. Meanwhile, the system realizes azimuth rotation and pitching precision stability in a fast scanning light path structure mode of a two-dimensional swinging mirror in a long and short focus, so that the length Jiao Shichang of the system is increased under the condition that resolution is not lost, and the searching and tracking of targets in a large view field are completed.
It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swinging mirror is characterized by being suitable for a large target surface high-resolution 1280 multiplied by 1064@15 mu m medium wave refrigerating detector, and sequentially comprising a telescopic system, the two-dimensional swinging mirror and a rear group lens from an object side to an image side, wherein:
the telescopic system comprises a front group of telescopic objective lenses, a virtual drawing lens, a zoom lens, a compensation lens, a focusing lens and a telescopic eyepiece which are coaxial with the optical axis; along the optical axis direction, the first surface of the zoom lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of the germanium substrate, and the first surface of the compensation lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of the silicon substrate;
the rear group lens comprises a rear group lens I, a rear group lens II, a turning reflector, a rear group lens III and a rear group lens IV; wherein the first rear group lens and the second rear group lens have the same optical axis, and the third rear group lens and the fourth rear group lens have the same optical axis;
imaging light beams of an object side sequentially pass through a telescopic objective lens, a virtual drawing mirror, a zoom lens, a compensation mirror and a focusing mirror for one-time imaging, then are emitted to a two-dimensional swinging mirror in parallel after passing through a telescopic eyepiece, are reflected to a rear group lens I and a rear group lens II for two-time imaging after passing through the two-dimensional swinging mirror, are reflected by a turning mirror, and finally pass through a rear group lens III and a rear group lens IV for three-time imaging;
in the continuous zooming process, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the virtual lens and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens is not changed, and the long focal point end performs optical correction in a mode of moving the virtual lens backwards to blur an image; when the zoom lens is switched from short focus 60mm to long focus 360mm, the zoom lens performs nonlinear movement along the optical axis in the direction away from the telescopic objective lens to realize zooming, and the compensation lens performs linear movement in the direction close to the telescopic objective lens to compensate image plane movement caused by focal length change to realize continuous zooming.
2. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional swinging mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front group telescope is a meniscus silicon positive lens with convex surface facing the object space, the virtual drawing mirror is a meniscus germanium negative lens with convex surface facing the object space, the zoom mirror is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensation mirror is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing mirror is a meniscus zinc selenide positive lens with convex surface facing the image space, and the telescope is a meniscus silicon positive lens with convex surface facing the image space.
3. The infrared continuous zooming optical system with large target surface medium wave refrigeration with two-dimensional oscillating mirror as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first lens group is a meniscus germanium negative lens with convex surface facing the image side, the second lens group is a meniscus silicon positive lens with convex surface facing the object side, the third lens group is a meniscus germanium positive lens with convex surface facing the image side, and the fourth lens group is a meniscus silicon positive lens with convex surface facing the image side.
4. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swinging mirror according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional swinging mirror material is quartz glass, and the folding mirror material is K9 glass.
5. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror as set forth in claim 1, wherein the focal length of the lens of the optical system ranges from 60mm to 360mm and the F number is 4.
6. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional swinging mirror according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional swinging mirror rotates in azimuth at 60 °/s and 120 °/s respectively in long and short focus.
7. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swinging mirror according to claim 2, wherein the first surface of the virtual mirror is an aspheric surface of a germanium substrate, and the second surface of the focusing mirror is an aspheric surface of a zinc selenide substrate along the optical axis direction.
8. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional swinging mirror as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first surface of the first rear group lens and the first surface of the third rear group lens are respectively aspheric surfaces of germanium substrates.
9. The infrared continuous zooming optical system with the large target surface medium wave refrigeration of the two-dimensional swinging mirror according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the variable-magnification mirror to the vertex of the second surface of the virtual mirror is 18.44 mm-36.19 mm, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the variable-magnification mirror to the vertex of the first surface of the compensating mirror is 59.45 mm-6 mm, and the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the compensating mirror to the vertex of the first surface of the focusing mirror is 35.52 mm-71.22 mm along the optical axis direction.
10. The large target surface medium wave refrigerating infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional swinging mirror as set forth in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the two-dimensional swinging mirror is placed parallel to the turning mirror, the optical axis light is turned into parallel optical axis, and the whole optical system is in zigzag distribution.
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