CN112305734A - Large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional swing mirror - Google Patents
Large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with two-dimensional swing mirror Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/146—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having more than five groups
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with a two-dimensional swing mirror, which sequentially comprises a telescopic system, the two-dimensional swing mirror and a rear group of lenses from an object space to an image space, wherein: the telescopic system comprises a front group of telescopic objective lenses, a zoom lens, a compensating lens, a focusing lens and a telescopic eyepiece which are coaxial with the optical axis; along the direction of an optical axis, the first surface of the zoom lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of a germanium substrate, and the first surface of the compensation lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate; the rear group lens comprises a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens, a turning reflector, a third rear group lens and a fourth rear group lens; the imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through a telescopic objective lens, a zoom lens, a compensating lens and a focusing lens to be imaged for the first time, then parallelly exits to a two-dimensional swing lens after passing through a telescopic eyepiece, is reflected to a first rear group lens and a second rear group lens through the two-dimensional swing lens to be imaged for the second time, is reflected by a turning reflector and finally passes through a third rear group lens and a fourth rear group lens to be imaged for the fourth time. The invention has the characteristics of small lens quantity, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and the lens has good imaging quality within the range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 65 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of infrared optical systems, in particular to a continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system of a large-target-surface high-resolution medium wave refrigeration detector with a two-dimensional swing mirror.
Background
The infrared continuous zoom lens can well give consideration to capturing, tracking, monitoring and calibrating of a target, can keep stability and continuity of images, cannot lose the target images, can keep clarity, gives consideration to large field-of-view search and small field-of-view resolution, and has more applications in various photoelectric loads. With the continuous deterioration of modern military affairs and the continuous development of infrared optical technology and processing design technology, the detector technology is especially continuously improved. The application of infrared systems has been developed in a long time, both in breadth and depth. Compared with the conventional 640 × 512 area array detector, the 1280 × 1024 area array detector with the large target surface has the advantages that the pixel number is greatly increased, the distinguishing capability of the system for scenery is greatly improved, more scenery details can be seen, and the picture is more comfortable in sense. Under the condition that the detector is fixed, the resolution ratio of the system is reduced compared with that of a large field of view by the staring thermal infrared imager, and the scanning thermal infrared imager can search and track a target in the large field of view without losing the resolution ratio.
However, the basic structural form of the existing scanning thermal infrared imager is not suitable for a 1280 × 1024 area array detector with a large target surface, and the image quality gradually deteriorates in the process from short focus to long focus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with a two-dimensional swing mirror, which has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and a full-focus section has good imaging quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a take infrared optical system that zooms in succession of big target surface medium wave refrigeration of two dimension pendulum mirror, include telescope system, two dimension pendulum mirror and back group lens from the object space to the image space in proper order, wherein:
the telescopic system comprises a front group of telescopic objective lenses, a zoom lens, a compensating lens, a focusing lens and a telescopic eyepiece which are coaxial with the optical axis;
the rear group lens comprises a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens, a turning reflector, a third rear group lens and a fourth rear group lens; the rear group lens I and the rear group lens II have the same optical axis, and the rear group lens III and the rear group lens IV have the same optical axis;
the imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through a telescopic objective lens, a zoom lens, a compensating lens and a focusing lens to be imaged for the first time, then parallelly exits to a two-dimensional swing lens after passing through a telescopic eyepiece, is reflected to a first rear group lens and a second rear group lens through the two-dimensional swing lens to be imaged for the second time, is reflected by a turning reflector and finally passes through a third rear group lens and a fourth rear group lens to be imaged for the fourth time.
According to the technical scheme, the front group telescope objective lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the virtual lens is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the zoom lens is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensating lens is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens is a meniscus zinc selenide positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the telescope is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
In connection with the above technical solution, the first rear lens group is a negative meniscus germanium lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the second rear lens group is a positive meniscus silicon lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the third rear lens group is a positive meniscus germanium lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the fourth rear lens group is a positive meniscus silicon lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
According to the technical scheme, the two-dimensional swing mirror is made of quartz glass, and the folding reflector is made of K9 glass.
According to the technical scheme, the focal length range of the lens of the optical system is 60-360 mm, and the F number is 4.
According to the technical scheme, the two-dimensional swing mirror rotates in the direction of 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s respectively when the focus is long and short.
According to the technical scheme, the first surface of the zoom mirror is an aspheric surface of a germanium substrate, the first surface of the zoom mirror is an aspheric diffraction surface of the germanium substrate, the first surface of the compensation mirror is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate, and the second surface of the focusing mirror is an aspheric surface of a zinc selenide substrate.
According to the technical scheme, the first surface of the first rear group lens and the first surface of the third rear group lens are aspheric surfaces of the germanium substrate respectively.
According to the technical scheme, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the zoom lens to the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens is 18.44-36.19 mm along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens to the vertex of the first surface of the compensation lens is 59.45-6 mm, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the compensation lens to the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens is 35.52-71.22 mm, and the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens to the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens is unchanged in the continuous zooming process.
According to the technical scheme, the two-dimensional swing mirror and the turning reflector are arranged in parallel, light rays of the optical axis are turned into parallel optical axes, and the whole optical system is distributed in a Z shape.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the large-target-surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror respectively uses a non-spherical diffraction element based on a germanium substrate and a silicon substrate. The zoom group adopts the aspheric diffraction surface of the germanium substrate, the compensation group adopts the aspheric diffraction surface of the silicon substrate, the silicon density is smaller, the aperture of the front group lens can be compressed, aberration can be well corrected, the system is greatly simplified, the number of lenses of the optical system is reduced, and the transmittance of the system is improved.
Furthermore, the invention adopts a mechanical compensation zooming form, the optical system can realize continuous change of focal length and keep the image surface stable, the zooming cam curve is smooth and has no inflection point, and the imaging quality of the full focus section is good.
Furthermore, the large target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror adopts a two-dimensional swing mirror fast scanning light path structure form for the long and short focuses, so that the long and short focus fields of view are enlarged under the condition that the resolution is not lost, and the searching and tracking of the target in the large field of view are completed.
Furthermore, the large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror has good imaging quality through the axial movement of the focusing mirror in a close-range and high-temperature and low-temperature environment.
Furthermore, the large target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror performs optical correction by moving the virtual lens backwards at the telephoto end to visualize an image.
Furthermore, the large-target-surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror adopts a three-time imaging structure, not only meets the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, but also can compress the aperture of the front group of telescopic system lenses.
Furthermore, the large target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror strictly controls the cold reflection effect, namely controls the RMS value of the detector finally imaged on the target surface of the detector after the detector is reflected by each surface of the lens, and does not generate ghost images.
Furthermore, the optical axis of the optical system is in the horizontal middle position of the structural size of the whole system, the optical system is folded twice, the two-dimensional oscillating mirror realizes azimuth scanning, the vertical direction is precise and stable, the two-dimensional oscillating mirror and the rear group of folding reflectors are placed in parallel, and the light rays of the optical axis are folded into parallel optical axes, so that the lens is distributed in a Z shape, and the lens is perfectly matched with the whole system while the volume is compressed as much as possible.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a short focus two-dimensional view of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional diagram of the mid-focus of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a tele two-dimensional view of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the MTF at the short focal end of the optical system of the present invention at 32 lp/mm;
FIG. 6 is an MTF graph of 32lp/mm during negative scanning of the short-focus end two-dimensional oscillating mirror of the optical system of the present invention at-120 °/s;
FIG. 7 is an MTF graph of 32lp/mm during forward scanning of the short-focus end two-dimensional oscillating mirror of the optical system of the present invention at + 120/s;
FIG. 8 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm focal point in an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of MTF at 32lp/mm of the tele end of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an MTF plot of 32lp/mm for negative scanning of the tele-end two-dimensional oscillating mirror of the optical system of the present invention at-60/s;
FIG. 11 is a MTF graph of 32lp/mm during forward scanning of the tele-end two-dimensional oscillating mirror of the optical system of the present invention at +60 °/s;
in fig. 1: the system comprises a 1-telescope objective, a 2-virtual lens, a 3-zoom lens, a 4-compensating lens, a 5-focusing lens, a 6-telescope eyepiece, a 7-two-dimensional swing lens, a 8-rear group lens I, a 9-rear group lens II, a 10-turning reflector, a 11-rear group lens III and a 12-rear group lens IV.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the large target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror in the embodiment of the invention comprises a telescopic system, the two-dimensional swing mirror and a rear group, and the butt joint is realized by matching the exit pupil of the front telescopic system with the entrance pupil of the rear group. The telescope system is connected with the rear group by a two-dimensional swing mirror. The telescopic system comprises six lenses including a telescopic objective lens 1, a zoom lens 2, a zoom lens 3, a compensating lens 4, a focusing lens 5, a telescopic eyepiece 6 and the like with the same optical axis; the two-dimensional swing mirror 7 realizes two-dimensional reverse scanning, so that the field of view is enlarged; the rear group comprises 4 lenses including a first rear group lens 8, a second rear group lens 9, a turning reflector 10, a third rear group lens 11 and a fourth rear group lens 12. The first rear group lens 8 and the second rear group lens 9 have the same optical axis, and the third rear group lens 11 and the fourth rear group lens 12 have the same optical axis. The latter group incorporates a turning mirror 10 to turn the optical path to reduce the volume.
The infrared thermal imager enables the infrared radiation of the background and the target to be stably converged on the target surface of the medium wave infrared detector in a two-dimensional scanning and pitching view field two-stage mode. The invention adopts the structural form of the rapid two-dimensional scanning light path of the reflecting mirror to replace the common turret to integrally rotate in azimuth and pitch to realize panoramic imaging. Compared with a turret type, the two-dimensional oscillating mirror scanning light path type has the advantages of high control bandwidth, small motor rotational inertia, high positioning precision, fast real-time response and the like, greatly reduces two-dimensional rotary load, improves scanning speed, simplifies system structure, and is very helpful for reducing system volume.
In fig. 1, the optical device is shown in a short focus position in solid lines and in a long focus position in broken lines. The imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through a telescope objective 1, a zoom lens 2, a zoom lens 3, a compensating lens 4 and a focusing lens 5 to be imaged for the first time, then parallelly exits to a two-dimensional swing lens 7 after passing through a telescope eyepiece 6, is reflected to a rear group lens I8 and a rear group lens II 9 to be imaged for the second time, passes through a turning reflector 10 to change the path, and finally passes through a rear group lens III 11 and a rear group lens IV 12 to be imaged for the third time on a detector. In the zooming process, the zoom lens 3 and the compensation lens 4 move back and forth along the optical axis to achieve the purpose of continuous zooming, the focal length range of the optical lens is 60-360 mm, and the F number is 4. By adopting a mechanical compensation zooming mode, the optical system can realize continuous change of focal length and keep the image surface stable, the zooming cam curve is smooth and has no inflection point, and the imaging quality of the full focus section is good.
The design initially selects a common deflection light path structure form, and the fact that the focal length changes and the image quality changes along with the change in the zooming process is found. In the optimization, the diffraction element with the germanium substrate is firstly used in the zoom lens 3, so that the image quality is better improved. But satisfactory image quality is difficult to obtain through multiple times of optimization, and particularly the influence of chromatic aberration is obvious. The invention has made two times of trials, one is to divide the zoom lens 3 into two pieces, the other is to try to add the diffraction surface on the surface of the compensating mirror of the silicon material. After multiple optimization, the problem of long and short focal length image quality degradation can be better solved by adding a silicon aspheric surface diffraction surface form on the surface of the compensating mirror 4, the system is greatly simplified, the number of lens pieces of the optical system can be reduced, the weight of the system is reduced, the transmittance of the system is improved, and the optical system has excellent imaging in the whole focal length. The invention has good imaging quality through the axial movement of the focusing lens under the environments of short distance and high and low temperature.
Furthermore, the optical axis of the optical system is in the horizontal middle position of the whole system structure size, the optical system is folded twice, the two-dimensional oscillating mirror 7 realizes azimuth scanning, the vertical direction is accurate and stable, the two-dimensional oscillating mirror 7 and the rear group of folding reflecting mirrors 10 are arranged in parallel, and the light rays of the optical axis are folded into parallel optical axes, so that the lens is distributed in a Z shape, and the lens is perfectly matched with the whole system while the volume is compressed as much as possible.
Furthermore, the optical lens materials are silicon, germanium and zinc selenide which are commonly used in an infrared optical system, the incident direction of light is an object space, and the emergent direction of the light is an image space. In the embodiment of the invention, the front group telescope objective 1 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing an object space, the virtual lens 2 is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the zoom lens 3 is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensating lens 4 is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens 5 is a meniscus zinc selenide positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the telescope is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space. The first rear lens group 8 is a negative meniscus germanium lens with the convex surface facing the image space, the second rear lens group 9 is a positive meniscus silicon lens with the convex surface facing the object space, the third rear lens group 11 is a positive meniscus germanium lens with the convex surface facing the image space, and the fourth rear lens group 12 is a positive meniscus silicon lens with the convex surface facing the image space. The lens is suitable for a large-target-surface high-resolution 1280 multiplied by 1064@15 mu m medium wave refrigeration detector; the lens has the characteristics of small number of lenses, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and has good imaging quality within the range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 65 ℃.
Further, the optical system comprises 2 reflectors, and the two-dimensional oscillating mirror is made of quartz glass, such as MY403 type two-dimensional oscillating mirror. The material of the rear group of the folding reflecting mirror can be K9 glass.
The large target surface medium wave refrigeration continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror has a focal length of 60-360 mm, and the F number is kept constant at 4 in the zooming process.
When the short focus is switched to the long focus by 360mm, the zoom lens 3 does nonlinear motion along the optical axis in the direction far away from the telescopic objective lens 1 to realize zooming, and the compensation lens 4 does linear motion in the direction close to the telescopic objective lens 1 to compensate the image surface movement caused by the focal length change, so that continuous zooming is realized.
Meanwhile, the optical system realizes azimuth rotation and accurate pitching stability by adopting a two-dimensional swing mirror 7 rapid scanning light path structure form in the long and short focuses, so that the long and short focal fields of view are enlarged under the condition of not losing resolution, and searching and tracking of targets in a large field of view are completed. In the embodiment of the invention, the optical system is positioned in long and short foci according to project requirements, the two-dimensional swing mirror 7 rotates in the direction of 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s respectively, the pitching is stable, and the integration time of a detector is 8ms, so that the long and short foci view field is enlarged.
Furthermore, the optical system realizes the accurate and stable azimuth rotation and pitching in the form of a fast scanning light path structure of the two-dimensional oscillating mirror in the long and short foci, so that the long and short foci view field is enlarged under the condition that the resolution is not lost by the optical system, and the searching and tracking of the target in the large view field are completed.
Furthermore, the lens of the optical system adopts a structural form of three-time imaging and two-time folding, so that the cold diaphragm efficiency of 100 percent is met, and the aperture of the front group of lenses can be compressed. The cold reflection effect is strictly controlled, namely the RMS value of the detector finally imaged on the target surface of the detector after the detector is reflected by each surface of the lens is controlled, and ghost images cannot occur. Specifically, the invention firstly calculates YNI value and I/IBAR value of the lens surface through NAR command in optical software so as to judge the surface possibly having cold reflection risk, and then controls the cold reflection effect by controlling the curvature of the lens and the incidence angle of the light rays on the lens surface.
Furthermore, along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the zoom lens 3 to the vertex of the second surface of the virtual zoom lens 2 is 18.44mm to 36.19mm, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens 3 to the vertex of the first surface of the compensation lens 4 is 59.45mm to 6mm, and the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the compensation lens 4 to the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens 5 is 35.52mm to 71.22mm, namely, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the virtual zoom lens 2 to the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens 5 is not changed in the continuous zooming process. The optical system performs optical correction at the tele end in such a way that the pull lens 2 is moved backward to blur the image. The zoom curve of the optical system is smooth and has no inflection point, and the method is suitable for processing and adjusting.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the telescopic objective lens 1 to the primary image point along the optical path direction is 200mm, and the distance from the primary image point to the target surface of the detector is 150 mm.
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional short-focus diagram of the optical system of the present invention, with the zoom lens and the compensation lens in the solid line position of FIG. 1, and the focal length of 60 mm.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional diagram of the focal length of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens and the compensation lens move relatively between the positions of the solid line and the dotted line, and the focal length is 160 mm.
FIG. 4 is a long-focus two-dimensional diagram of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the positions of the dotted lines in FIG. 1, and the focal length is 360 mm.
FIG. 5 is an MTF graph of the optical system of the present invention at the short focal end 32lp/mm, with the zoom lens and the compensation lens in the solid line position of FIG. 1, and the transfer function curves of each field of view at the focal length of 60 mm.
FIG. 6 is an MTF graph at the short focal end of the optical system of the present invention at 32lp/mm, with the zoom lens and the compensation lens at the solid line position of FIG. 1, and the focal length of the 60mm two-dimensional oscillating mirror scanning at-120 °/s in the negative direction, for each field of view.
FIG. 7 is an MTF graph at the short focal end 32lp/mm of the optical system of the present invention, where the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the solid line position in FIG. 1, and the two-dimensional oscillating mirror with a focal length of 60mm scans forward at +120 °/s for each field of view.
FIG. 8 is an MTF chart at the focal end of 32lp/mm in the optical system of the present invention, the relative movement of the zoom lens and the compensation lens is between the solid line position and the dotted line position, and the transfer function curve of each field of view with the focal length of 160mm is shown.
FIG. 9 is an MTF chart at the telephoto end 32lp/mm of the optical system of the present invention, with the zoom lens and the compensation lens located at the positions of the dotted lines in FIG. 1, and the transfer function curves of fields with a focal length of 360 mm.
FIG. 10 is an MTF graph at the telephoto end of the optical system of the present invention at 32lp/mm, with the zoom lens and the compensation lens located at the positions of the dotted lines in FIG. 1, and the focal length 360mm two-dimensional oscillating mirror scanning at-60 °/s in the negative direction for each field of view.
FIG. 11 is an MTF graph at the telephoto end of the optical system of the present invention at 32lp/mm, where the zoom lens and the compensation lens are located at the positions of the dotted lines in FIG. 1, and the two-dimensional oscillating mirror with a focal length of 360mm scans the transfer function curve of each field of view at +60 °/s in the forward direction.
As can be seen from the above figures: (1) in the range of a focal segment from a short focus of 60mm to 360mm, the off-axis MTF is basically kept at 0.1 and above at 32 Lp/mm; (2) when the two-dimensional oscillating mirror scans at the long focal position and the short focal position, the image quality of the two-dimensional oscillating mirror is basically consistent with that of the two-dimensional oscillating mirror which is not scanned, and the two-dimensional oscillating mirror has good image quality. Further, by adding a silicon aspheric diffraction surface form on the surface of the compensating mirror, aberration can be well corrected, and good image quality of the whole focal section is maintained. Meanwhile, the two-dimensional swing mirror structure can increase the long and short focal fields and keep good image quality.
The large target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror uses a germanium substrate diffraction element and a silicon substrate diffraction element, reduces the number of lenses, greatly simplifies the system, ensures that the imaging quality of the system in the whole focal section is excellent in large target surface imaging, adopts a three-time imaging and mechanical compensation zooming and two-dimensional swing mirror fast scanning light path structure form, meets the requirement of 100 percent cold diaphragm efficiency, has simple optical machine structure, small volume and light weight, has good application prospect, and is particularly suitable for masts and pod photoelectric equipment. The invention creatively uses special surface types in the zoom group and the compensation group respectively, the system can image clearly in the whole focal length and realize clear imaging in the temperature range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 65 ℃.
In conclusion, the large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror adopts a three-time imaging and mechanical compensation zooming and two-dimensional swing mirror rapid scanning light path structure form. The zoom group adopts a diffraction surface of a germanium substrate, the compensation group adopts a diffraction surface based on the silicon substrate, the number of front group lenses is reduced, the aperture of the front group lenses is compressed, the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency is met, and the whole focal length aberration is well corrected. The system comprises a front group and a rear group, and in the zooming process, the zoom lens and the compensation lens move back and forth along the optical axis to achieve the purpose of continuous zooming. The invention has the characteristics of small lens quantity, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and the full focus section has good imaging quality. Meanwhile, the system realizes the azimuth rotation and accurate pitching stability by adopting a quick scanning light path structure form of a two-dimensional oscillating mirror in the long and short focuses, so that the long and short focal fields are enlarged under the condition of not losing the resolution ratio, and the searching and tracking of the target in the large field are completed.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a take infrared optical system that zooms in succession of big target surface medium wave refrigeration of two dimension pendulum mirror, its characterized in that includes telescope system, two dimension pendulum mirror and back group lens from the object space to the image space in proper order, wherein:
the telescopic system comprises a front group of telescopic objective lenses, a zoom lens, a compensating lens, a focusing lens and a telescopic eyepiece which are coaxial with the optical axis; along the direction of an optical axis, the first surface of the zoom lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of a germanium substrate, and the first surface of the compensation lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate;
the rear group lens comprises a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens, a turning reflector, a third rear group lens and a fourth rear group lens; the rear group lens I and the rear group lens II have the same optical axis, and the rear group lens III and the rear group lens IV have the same optical axis;
the imaging light beam of the object space sequentially passes through a telescopic objective lens, a zoom lens, a compensating lens and a focusing lens to be imaged for the first time, then parallelly exits to a two-dimensional swing lens after passing through a telescopic eyepiece, is reflected to a first rear group lens and a second rear group lens through the two-dimensional swing lens to be imaged for the second time, is reflected by a turning reflector and finally passes through a third rear group lens and a fourth rear group lens to be imaged for the fourth time.
2. The large-target medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front group of telescope objective lenses is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the virtual lens is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the zoom lens is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensating lens is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens is a meniscus zinc selenide positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the telescope eyepiece is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
3. The large-target medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first rear group lens is a negative meniscus germanium lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the second rear group lens is a positive meniscus silicon lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the third rear group lens is a positive meniscus germanium lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the fourth rear group lens is a positive meniscus silicon lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
4. The large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the two-dimensional oscillating mirror is quartz glass, and the material of the turning mirror is K9 glass.
5. The large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror according to claim 1, wherein the focal length of a lens of the optical system ranges from 60mm to 360mm, and the F number is 4.
6. The large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous-zoom optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-dimensional oscillating mirror performs azimuth rotation at 60 °/s and 120 °/s respectively in long and short foci.
7. The large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror as claimed in claim 2, wherein along the optical axis direction, a first surface of the pull-virtual mirror is an aspheric surface with a germanium base, and a second surface of the focusing mirror is an aspheric surface with a zinc selenide base.
8. The large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first surface of the first rear group lens and the first surface of the third rear group lens are aspheric surfaces with germanium substrates respectively.
9. The large-target surface medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional swing mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the zoom mirror to the vertex of the second surface of the virtual zoom mirror is 18.44mm to 36.19mm, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the zoom mirror to the vertex of the first surface of the compensation mirror is 59.45mm to 6mm, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the compensation mirror to the vertex of the first surface of the focus adjustment mirror is 35.52mm to 71.22mm, and the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the virtual zoom mirror to the vertex of the first surface of the focus adjustment mirror is constant in the continuous zooming process.
10. The large-target-surface medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with the two-dimensional oscillating mirror as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the two-dimensional oscillating mirror and the folding reflector are arranged in parallel to fold the light rays of the optical axis into parallel optical axes, and the structure of the whole optical system is distributed in a Z shape.
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