CN111025608B - Ultra-compact continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system - Google Patents
Ultra-compact continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111025608B CN111025608B CN201911236435.5A CN201911236435A CN111025608B CN 111025608 B CN111025608 B CN 111025608B CN 201911236435 A CN201911236435 A CN 201911236435A CN 111025608 B CN111025608 B CN 111025608B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
- G02B15/163—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group
- G02B15/167—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses
- G02B15/173—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses arranged +-+
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system, which adopts a secondary imaging structural form, wherein a secondary imaging component can compress the caliber of a front group lens to meet the requirement of 100 percent cold diaphragm efficiency, a silicon substrate diffraction element is used, the structure is greatly simplified, the absolute length is only 110mm, and better imaging quality can be achieved; the lens is suitable for a high-resolution 640 multiplied by 512 medium wave refrigeration detector, has the characteristics of ultra-compactness, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and has good imaging quality in a full focal length.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an infrared optical system, in particular to an ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system suitable for a high-resolution medium wave refrigeration detector.
Background
The infrared thermal imager is not influenced by bad weather conditions such as fog, rain and the like, can work in all weather, adopts a passive working mode, has strong anti-interference capability, and has great development in the military and civil fields in recent years.
The infrared continuous zoom lens can well give consideration to capturing, tracking, monitoring and calibrating of a target, can keep stability and continuity of images, cannot lose the target images, can keep clarity, gives consideration to large field-of-view search and small field-of-view resolution, and has more applications in various photoelectric loads.
With the development and demand of handheld and pod photoelectric equipment and the continuous progress of technological levels of optical cold processing, precision machining, coating technology and the like, the infrared zoom lens is continuously developed towards the trend of small volume and compactness, higher requirements are provided for the absolute length of a medium-wave infrared continuous zoom optical system, as the Abbe number of silicon is larger than that of germanium, the chromatic aberration can be better corrected when a diffraction surface is processed on a silicon lens, but the silicon material is limited by the physical characteristics of brittleness, hardness and the like of the silicon material, the problems of edge breakage and the like are easy to occur to vibration between a cutter and the material in the processing process, the surface finish and the surface precision are difficult to control, and the diffraction surface is often manufactured on soft materials such as germanium, zinc selenide and the like.
In recent years, with the advent of precision machining equipment such as laser-assisted machining, the problem of machining a silicon diffraction surface has been gradually solved, and the number of lenses of an optical system can be reduced by designing a refraction/diffraction hybrid optical system using the silicon diffraction surface, thereby reducing the weight of the system and improving the transmittance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system which has the characteristics of ultra-compactness, small volume, light weight, high resolution and the like, and a full focal length has good imaging quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system sequentially comprises a front group and a rear group from an object space to an image space, wherein the incident direction of light is the object space, the emergent direction of the light is the image space, optical lens materials are silicon and germanium which are commonly used by the infrared optical system, the front group comprises four lenses including a first front group lens, a zoom lens, a compensating lens, a focusing lens and the like, and the rear group comprises two lenses including a first rear group lens and a second rear group lens; the object space imaging light beam sequentially passes through the front group lens I, the zoom lens, the compensating lens and the focusing lens to be imaged for the first time, and then passes through the rear group lens I and the rear group lens II to be imaged for the second time on the detector; during continuous zooming, the zoom lens and the compensation lens move back and forth along the optical axis in a relative motion mode, and the zoom lens makes linear motion to obtain clear images of a full focus section.
The ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system is characterized in that a first front lens group is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing an object space, a zoom lens is a biconcave germanium negative lens, a compensating lens is a biconvex silicon positive lens, a focusing lens is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, a first rear lens group is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and a second rear lens group is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space.
The ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system has the advantages that the focal length range of a lens of the optical system is 70-240 mm, and the F number is 4.
According to the ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system, the first surface of the first front group of lenses is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate, and the second surface of the zoom lens, the first surface of the focusing lens and the second surface of the first rear group of lenses are aspheric surfaces respectively.
An ultra-compact infrared optical system of continuous medium wave that zooms, the first face summit of zoom lens is 35 ~ 40mm apart from the first face summit of front group lens along optical axis direction, the first face summit of zoom lens is 20 ~ 5mm apart from the first face summit of compensating mirror, the compensating mirror second face summit is 7 ~ 17mm apart from the first face summit of focusing mirror, at the in-process that zooms in succession promptly, the distance of a front group lens second face summit apart from the first face summit of focusing mirror does not change.
According to the ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system, the front group lens and the rear group lens adopt a mechanical compensation zooming mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the front fixed group of the optical system has the greatest contribution to aberration optimization, a better imaging effect can be obtained by adopting a complex surface type, a diffraction element based on a silicon substrate is used, the silicon density is smaller, the aperture of a front group lens can be compressed, aberration can be well corrected, the system is greatly simplified, the number of lenses of the optical system is reduced, the transmittance of the system is improved, the length of the system is compressed, the absolute length is only 110mm, and the optical machine has a compact structure and light weight.
The optical system uses a silicon substrate diffraction element, greatly simplifies the system, ensures that the absolute length of the optical system is only 110mm, has compact optical machine structure and light weight, has good application prospect, and is particularly suitable for handheld and pod photoelectric equipment.
The cam zooming curve of the optical system in the full-focus section range is smooth and has no inflection point, the imaging quality of the full-focus section is good, and the optical system is suitable for processing, assembly and adjustment; the lens has high resolution, and can be applied to a high-resolution 640 x 512 medium wave refrigeration detector.
The optical system adopts a mechanical positive compensation zooming mode, can realize continuous change of focal length and keep stable image surface, can achieve larger zoom ratio and better imaging quality, and is rapidly developed and applied along with gradual improvement of the domestic cam processing level.
The optical system has good imaging quality through the axial movement of the focusing lens under the high and low temperature environment.
The optical system of the invention adopts a secondary imaging structure form, not only meets the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, but also can compress the aperture of the front group lens.
The optical system of the invention strictly controls the cold reflection effect, namely controls the RMS value of the final image on the target surface of the detector after the detector is reflected by each surface of the lens, and no ghost image appears.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a short focus two-dimensional view of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional diagram of the mid-focus of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a tele two-dimensional view of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of MTF at 16lp/mm short focal length of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of MTF at 16lp/mm focal point in the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of MTF at 16lp/mm of the tele end of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a short focus end diagram of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a focal point diagram of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a tele end diagram of an optical system of the present invention.
The figures are numbered: 1-front lens group I, 2-zoom lens, 3-compensation lens, 4-focusing lens, 5-back lens group I, 6-back lens group II.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the ultra-compact continuous-zooming medium-wave infrared optical system according to the embodiment of the invention includes a front group and a rear group, wherein the front group includes four lenses including a first front group lens 1, a zoom lens 2, a compensation lens 3, a focus adjustment lens 4, etc., the rear group includes two lenses including a first rear group lens 5 and a second rear group lens 6, an object-side imaging light beam sequentially passes through the first front group lens 1, the zoom lens 2, the compensation lens 3, the focus adjustment lens 4 for a first time of imaging, passes through the first rear group lens 5 and the second rear group lens 6 for a second time of imaging on a detector, and is zoomed by moving the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 back and forth along an optical axis direction to obtain a clear image of a full focal length, a solid line of an optical device in fig. 1 is a short focal position, and a dotted line is a long focal position.
Furthermore, the optical lens materials are silicon and germanium which are commonly used by an infrared optical system, the light incidence direction is an object space, the light emergent direction is an image space, the first front group lens 1 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the zoom lens 2 is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensating lens 3 is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens 4 is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the first rear group lens 5 is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, and the second rear group lens 6 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space.
The ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system has a focal length of 70-240 mm, and the F number is kept constant at 4 in the zooming process.
An imaging light beam of an object space sequentially passes through the first front group lens 1, the zoom lens 2, the compensating lens 3 and the focusing lens 4 for primary imaging, then passes through the first rear group lens 5 and the second rear group lens 6 for secondary imaging on a detector, when an optical system is switched from a short focus of 70mm to a long focus of 240mm, the zoom lens 2 makes linear motion along the optical axis in the direction far away from the first front group lens 1 to realize zooming, and the compensating lens 3 makes nonlinear motion in the direction close to the first front group lens 1 to compensate image surface movement caused by focal length change, so that continuous zooming is realized.
Specifically, the optical system comprises six lenses, wherein a first front group lens 1 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing an object space, a first surface is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate, a zoom lens 2 is a biconcave germanium negative lens, a second surface is an aspheric surface, a compensating lens 3 is a biconvex silicon positive lens, a focusing lens 4 is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the first surface is an aspheric surface, a first rear group lens 5 is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the second surface is an aspheric surface, and a second rear group lens 6 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space.
Furthermore, the front group lens 1 with the largest caliber uses a diffraction element of a silicon substrate, the system is greatly simplified, the number of lens pieces of the optical system can be reduced, the weight of the system is further reduced, the transmittance of the system is improved, the absolute length of the optical system is only 110mm, and the optical-mechanical structure is compact.
Furthermore, the lens adopts a secondary imaging structure, so that the cold diaphragm efficiency of 100% is met, and the aperture of the front group of lenses can be compressed.
Furthermore, along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the zoom lens 2 to the vertex of the second surface of the first front group lens 1 is 35-40 mm, the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens 2 to the vertex of the first surface of the compensating lens 3 is 20-5 mm, and the distance from the vertex of the second surface of the compensating lens 3 to the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens 4 is 7-17 mm.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the first lens group 1 to the primary image point along the optical path direction is 80.3mm, and the distance from the primary image point to the target surface of the detector is 29.7 mm.
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional short-focus diagram of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 are located at the positions of the solid lines in FIG. 1, and the focal length is 70 mm.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional diagram of the focal length of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 move relatively between the positions of the solid line and the dotted line, and the focal length is 140 mm.
FIG. 4 is a long-focus two-dimensional diagram of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 are located at the positions of the dotted lines in FIG. 1, and the focal length is 240 mm.
FIG. 5 is an MTF graph of the optical system of the present invention at the short focal end of 16lp/mm, with the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 located at the solid line position of FIG. 1 and the focal length 70mm for each field of view.
FIG. 6 is an MTF chart at the focal end of 16lp/mm in the optical system of the present invention, and the transfer function curves of fields with focal length of 140mm, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 move relatively, between the positions of the solid line and the dashed line.
FIG. 7 is an MTF chart at the telephoto end of the optical system of the present invention of 16lp/mm, with the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 located at the position of the dotted line in FIG. 1, and the transfer function curve of each field of view having a focal length of 240 mm.
FIG. 8 is a short-focus end point diagram of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 are located at the position of the solid line in FIG. 1, and the focal length is 70 mm.
FIG. 9 is a focal point diagram of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 move relatively to each other, and are located between the positions of the solid line and the dotted line, and the size of the scattered spot of each field of view having a focal length of 140mm is shown.
FIG. 10 is a long-focus end point diagram of the optical system of the present invention, in which the zoom lens 2 and the compensation lens 3 are located at the positions of the dotted lines in FIG. 1, and the focal length is 240 mm.
The ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system based on the silicon substrate diffraction surface uses one silicon substrate diffraction element, greatly simplifies the system, ensures that the absolute length of the optical system is only 110mm, adopts a secondary imaging structural form, meets the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, has compact optical machine structure, light weight and good application prospect, and is particularly suitable for handheld and pod photoelectric equipment.
The common materials of the medium wave infrared optical system are silicon, germanium, zinc selenide and the like, for the optical system in a mechanical positive group compensation zooming mode, the caliber of a front fixed group is larger, the silicon material with small density is preferably selected, meanwhile, the front fixed group has the greatest contribution to aberration optimization, a better imaging effect can be obtained by using a complex surface type, the Abbe number of the silicon material is about 500, the Abbe number of the germanium material is about 200, compared with the method, the chromatic aberration can be better corrected by processing a diffraction surface on a silicon lens, but the method is limited by the physical characteristics of brittleness, hardness and the like of the silicon material, the problems of edge breakage and the like are easy to occur in the vibration between a cutter and the material in the processing process, the surface finish degree and the surface type precision are difficult to control, the diffraction surface is often manufactured on the soft materials of germanium, zinc selenide and the like, and in recent years, with the occurrence of precision processing equipment such as laser auxiliary processing and the like, the processing problem of the silicon diffraction surface is gradually solved, the design of refraction/diffraction mixed optical system by using silicon diffraction surface can reduce the number of lens of optical system, further reduce the weight of system and raise the transmittance of system. Therefore, the front fixed group adopts the aspheric surface and the diffraction surface of the silicon substrate to carry out aberration correction, and a good imaging effect is obtained.
In conclusion, the ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system adopts a structural form of secondary imaging and positive group compensation zooming, uses a diffraction surface based on a silicon substrate to compress the aperture of a front group lens, meets the requirement of 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, and well corrects aberration.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An ultra-compact continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system is characterized in that: the zoom lens comprises a front group and a rear group in sequence from an object space to an image space, wherein the front group consists of a front group lens I (1), a zoom lens (2), a compensating lens (3) and a focusing lens (4), and the rear group consists of a rear group lens I (5) and a rear group lens II (6); the object space imaging light beams sequentially pass through the front group and then are imaged for the first time, and then pass through the rear group and are imaged for the second time on the detector; during continuous zooming, the zoom lens (2) is in linear motion along the front and back directions of an optical axis, the compensating lens (3) is in nonlinear motion along the front and back directions of the optical axis so as to obtain clear images of full focal segments, the first front group lens (1) and the second rear group lens (6) are respectively a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing an object space, the zoom lens (2) is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the compensating lens (3) is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the focusing lens (4) is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, and the first rear group lens (5) is a meniscus germanium negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space.
2. An ultra-compact continuous-zoom medium-wave infrared optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the focal length of the lens of the optical system is in the range of 70-240 mm, and the F-number is 4.
3. The ultra-compact continuous-zoom medium-wave infrared optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface of the first front group lens (1) is an aspheric diffraction surface of a silicon substrate, and the second surface of the zoom lens (2), the first surface of the focusing lens (4) and the second surface of the first rear group lens (5) are aspheric surfaces respectively.
4. The ultra-compact continuous-zooming medium-wave infrared optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the vertex of the first surface of the zoom lens (2) and the vertex of the second surface of the first front lens group (1) in the optical axis direction is 35-40 mm, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the zoom lens (2) and the vertex of the first surface of the compensation lens (3) is 20-5 mm, the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the compensation lens (3) and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens (4) is 7-17 mm, and the distance between the vertex of the second surface of the first front lens group (1) and the vertex of the first surface of the focusing lens (4) is unchanged during continuous zooming.
5. An ultra-compact continuous-zoom medium-wave infrared optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said front and rear lens groups are mechanically compensated for zooming.
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| CN108873275B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-12-29 | 青岛奥美克医疗科技有限公司 | Zoom adapter optical system, zoom adapter, and endoscope system |
| CN114137699B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-02-02 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | Small high-resolution athermalized medium-wave infrared optical system |
| CN114415357A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-29 | 南京波长光电科技股份有限公司 | Miniaturized medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system with focal length of 15mm-250mm |
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