CN112305732A - Ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system - Google Patents

Ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112305732A
CN112305732A CN202011247587.8A CN202011247587A CN112305732A CN 112305732 A CN112305732 A CN 112305732A CN 202011247587 A CN202011247587 A CN 202011247587A CN 112305732 A CN112305732 A CN 112305732A
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lens group
optical system
focal length
power
lens
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彭章贤
李忠
熊涛
胡栋
李彪
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Hubei Jiuzhiyang Infrared System Co Ltd
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Hubei Jiuzhiyang Infrared System Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/145Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having five groups only
    • G02B15/1451Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having five groups only the first group being positive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/14Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/15Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective compensation by means of only one movement or by means of only linearly related movements, e.g. optical compensation

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-long focal length high-resolution medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system, which sequentially comprises the following components from the object side: the zoom lens group comprises a positive power front fixed lens group (G1) fixed during zooming, a negative power zoom lens group (G2) moving from the image side to the object side during zooming, a positive power compensation lens group (G3) moving from the object side to the image side during zooming, a negative power rear fixed lens group (G4) fixed during zooming, and a positive power secondary imaging lens group (G5) fixed during zooming. The system is suitable for a 1024 x 76810 micron refrigeration type middle and external infrared detector, and the relative aperture is 1:4, and the focal length is 110 mm-1500 mm. The invention solves the problem that the inherent secondary spectrum, high-grade spherical aberration, chromatic aberration and the like of the super-long focal length large-caliber system are difficult to correct, and the resolution of the optical system is obviously improved. The mechanical compensation two-component zooming mode has a simple structure, and the simplicity and the stability of the whole optical system are ensured.

Description

Ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to a design of an extra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming external-middle infrared optical system.
Background
The infrared thermal imaging technology is a passive infrared night vision technology, which utilizes different images of the infrared radiation intensity of natural objects to find and identify objects according to the temperature difference (thermal radiation difference) between the objects and the background or between the objects. The infrared thermal imaging technology has the advantages of being free from the limitation of day and night, capable of working all day long, strong in smoke penetrating capability, resistant to electromagnetic interference, anti-camouflage, good in detection concealment and the like, and gradually becomes a leading-edge hotspot of competitive research of scientists in various countries. In recent years, with the increasing demand of remote viewing and aiming infrared equipment such as edge-sea defense, research on ultra-long focal length continuous zooming infrared imaging systems is started continuously at home and abroad, and infrared zooming designs in various forms are endless. The longest advantage of the super-long focal length continuous zoom system is that the same target can be continuously tracked while the field of view is changed, the target cannot be lost, the target area can be searched for in the large field of view, and the details of the remote target can be observed in the small field of view.
In the prior art, Chinese patent application, namely 'a 30-time medium wave infrared zooming optical system with an ultra-long focal length' (patent publication No. CN207636838U), provides a continuous zooming optical system with a focal length of 40-1200 mm, which is adapted to a 640 x 51215 micron F4 refrigeration type medium wave infrared detector; chinese patent application 'continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system with super-long focal length' (patent publication No. CN103823294B) proposes a diaphragm F4, a continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system with a working waveband of 3-5 μm and a focal length of 88-1100 mm, and is adapted to a 640 x 51215 micron refrigeration type medium wave infrared detector. To improve the ability of infrared devices to find and identify objects, it is often desirable for the optical system to have a longer focal length and higher resolution. The increase of focal length is accompanied with the sharp increase of the aperture of the optical system, besides the inherent secondary spectrum chromatic aberration, a large amount of high-grade spherical aberration, chromatic aberration and the like are introduced, and the aberration correction of the optical system is difficult; high resolution requirements require good correction of the aberration balance of the optical system. The requirements of ultra-long focal length zooming and high-resolution imaging are mutually restricted, in the prior art, the focal length is mostly below 1200mm, the resolution of a detector is concentrated at 640 multiplied by 51215 mu m, and the requirements of ultra-long focal length continuous zooming high-resolution detection are not completely met. In this context, it is highly desirable to develop an ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zoom optical system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-resolution continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system with an ultra-long focal length.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system, which comprises, in order from an object side to an image side:
a positive focal power front fixed lens group fixed during zooming;
a variable power lens group which moves from the object side to the image side when varying power from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end;
a compensation lens group which moves from an image side to an object side when zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end; and
the negative focal power rear fixed lens group is fixed during zooming and is used for focusing and compensating the thermal defocusing of the optical system in a high-temperature and low-temperature working environment;
the positive focal power secondary imaging lens group is fixed during zooming and is used for realizing the preposition of a cold diaphragm of the infrared refrigeration type detector;
when zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, the zoom lens group and the compensation lens group move oppositely, and the interval between the two groups meets the following condition:
(d23max-d23min)/fw>1
wherein:
fwis the focal length of the optical system at the wide-angle end;
d23maxthe maximum value of the interval between the zooming time-varying lens group and the compensation lens group is obtained;
d23mintime-varying zoom lens set and compensationThe spacing between the lens groups is minimized.
According to the technical scheme, the working waveband of the optical system is 3.7-4.8 mu m, and the F # is 4.
In connection with the above technical scheme, the optical system is adapted to a detector with the medium wave infrared F number of 4, the pixel number of 1024 × 768 and the pixel size of 10 μm or more.
In connection with the above technical solution, the positive power front fixed lens group fixed during zooming includes a lens with positive power and a lens with negative power, and at least one of the two lenses is meniscus-shaped and is curved toward the target surface of the detector.
In the above-described technical means, the other surface of the lens having positive refractive power is an aspherical surface.
In the above technical solution, the lenses in the variable power lens group and the compensation lens group are aspheric lenses, and at least one surface of the lenses is an aspheric diffraction surface.
In the above technical solution, the negative power rear fixed lens group fixed during zooming includes a meniscus lens, the lens is curved toward the object side, and the first surface of the lens is an aspheric surface.
In the foregoing technical solution, the positive power secondary imaging lens group includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a double convex lens with positive power, a negative power meniscus lens, and a positive power meniscus lens, where one surface of at least one lens is an aspheric surface.
The optical system has continuously variable focal length, the short focus end is used for searching and finding a target, the long focus end is used for tracking and identifying the target, and the target is not lost by switching the long focus and the short focus. Due to the characteristics of long-focus end ultra-long-focus imaging and system high-resolution imaging, the working distance of an optical system is greatly increased, and the detail observation capability of a long-distance target is enhanced.
Further, aspheric designs are adopted in the lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 in the whole infrared optical system to balance high-order aberrations of the optical system. The variable power lens group G2 is a diffraction surface lens with an aspheric base and is used for correcting chromatic aberration and secondary spectrum of the optical system. The focal powers of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 are distributed into a positive-negative-positive structure, materials are matched, in addition to the conventional silicon and germanium materials, a zinc selenide material is adopted as a lens L53 in the lens group G5, and residual chromatic aberration of an optical system is further balanced. The whole optical zoom stroke has good imaging quality and clear and sharp image, wherein the focal length of a long focal end reaches 1500mm, the dispersed spot of an optical system is less than 1 pixel (10 mu m), and the image has good imaging quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous-zooming medium-wave infrared optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating adjusting the long and short foci of the optical system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a short focal end transfer function curve of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a focal-end transfer function curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a tele end transfer function curve of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an optical path of the present invention, and corresponds to a lens structure of an optical system in example 1 described later. Fig. 2 to 4 correspond to the transfer function curves of the tele end, the middle end and the short end of the present invention.
In the schematic diagram of the optical path of the ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system shown in fig. 1, the left side along the light direction is an object side, and the right side is an image side. The optical system includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a positive power front fixed lens group G1 fixed at the time of magnification change, a negative power variable power lens group G2 moving from the image side to the object side at the time of magnification change, a positive power variable power lens group G3 moving from the object side to the image side at the time of magnification change, a negative power rear fixed lens group G4 fixed at the time of magnification change, and a positive power secondary imaging lens group G5 fixed at the time of magnification change.
The positive power front fixed lens group G1 fixed at the time of variable power is composed of a lens L11 having positive power and a lens L12 having negative power. Lens L11 and lens L12 are both meniscus shaped, with the lenses curved toward the target surface of the detector.
The front fixed lens group G1 is in a telephoto structure form, the rear intercept of the front fixed group is lengthened, the aperture of a light beam is rapidly compressed, and the aperture of a subsequent lens group is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, when zooming from the short focal end to the long focal end, the zoom lens group G2 and the compensation lens group G3 move toward each other, and the interval between the two groups satisfies the following condition: (d)23max-d23min)/fw> 1, wherein fwIs the focal length of the optical system at the wide-angle end; d23maxThe maximum distance between the variable-magnification lens group (G2) and the compensation lens group (G3) during variable magnification; d23minThe distance between the variable power lens group (G2) and the compensation lens group (G3) is the minimum value when the power is changed. When this condition is satisfied, the incidence angle of the telephoto end light beam on the compensation lens group (G3) can be suppressed, the power of the compensation lens group (G3) can be reduced, and the zoom lens tolerance can be widened.
The rear fixed lens group (G4) has a focusing function and compensates the thermal defocusing of the optical system in high and low temperature working environments.
The imaging light rays are refracted by the lens groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 and then converged to form a primary image point at the air space between the lens groups G4 and G5. The secondary imaging lens group G5 images the primary image point on the target surface of the detector to form a secondary imaging optical path structure.
The secondary imaging lens group (G5) is composed of, in order from the object side, a double convex lens (L51) having positive power, a negative power meniscus lens (L52), and a positive power meniscus lens (L53). One surface of at least one lens of the lenses in the secondary imaging lens group (G5) is an aspherical surface. The secondary imaging lens group is used for realizing the preposition of a cold diaphragm of the infrared refrigeration type detector and the efficiency matching of a 100 percent cold diaphragm.
The optical system is adapted to a 1024 x 76810 micron refrigeration type middle and external infrared detector, and the relative aperture is 1:4, and the focal length is 110 mm-1500 mm for continuous zooming.
Specific design parameters of example 1 of the optical system are shown in table 1.
Table 1 optical system design parameter table of embodiment 1
Figure BDA0002770553290000051
In table 1, radius of curvature refers to the radius of curvature of each lens surface, thickness or spacing refers to the lens thickness or distance between adjacent lens surfaces, material is the lens material, and air refers to the medium between two lenses being air.
In order to make the system or obtain better imaging quality, the optical system adopts an aspheric surface design, and the surfaces of the lenses in the table are marked with an 'X' sign to form the aspheric surface.
Aspheric designs can be used in the lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 in the entire infrared optical system to balance the high order aberrations of the optical system. The variable power lens group G2 is a diffraction surface lens with an aspheric base and is used for correcting chromatic aberration and secondary spectrum of the optical system. The focal powers of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 are distributed into a positive-negative-positive structure, materials are matched, in addition to the conventional silicon and germanium materials, a zinc selenide material is adopted as a lens L53 in the lens group G5, and residual chromatic aberration of an optical system is further balanced. The whole optical zoom stroke has good imaging quality and clear and sharp image, wherein the focal length of a long focal end reaches 1500mm, the dispersed spot of an optical system is less than 1 pixel (10 mu m), and the image has good imaging quality.
Fig. 3-5 are graphs of optical transfer function simulation data of the optical system of the present invention. Wherein: FIG. 3 is a graph of a transfer function at 50lp/mm of a short focal end of the optical system of the present patent; FIG. 4 is a graph of a transfer function at a focal end of 50lp/mm in an optical system of the present patent; FIG. 5 is a graph of the transfer function at 50lp/mm for the tele end of the optical system of this patent.
In conclusion, through reasonable optical path layout and ingenious material collocation, and in addition, an aspheric surface and a diffraction surface are introduced on the aberration sensitive surface to design and correct aberration, the optical system solves the problem that the inherent secondary spectrum, the high-grade spherical aberration, the chromatic aberration and the like of the super-long focal length large-caliber system are difficult to correct, and the resolution of the optical system is obviously improved. The mechanical compensation two-component zooming mode has a simple structure, and the simplicity and the stability of the whole optical system are ensured.
Finally, it should be noted that: the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming medium wave infrared optical system is characterized by comprising the following components in sequence from an object side to an image side:
a positive power front fixed lens group (G1) fixed at variable magnification for elongating the front fixed group back intercept;
a variable power lens group (G2) that moves from the object side to the image side when varying power from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end;
a compensation lens group (G3) that moves from the image side to the object side when varying magnification from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end; and
the negative focal power rear fixed lens group (G4) is fixed during zooming and is used for focusing and compensating the thermal defocusing of the optical system in the high-temperature and low-temperature working environment;
the positive focal power secondary imaging lens group (G5) is fixed during zooming and is used for realizing the preposition of a cold diaphragm of the infrared refrigeration type detector;
wherein, when zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, the variable power lens group (G2) and the compensation lens group (G3) move in opposite directions, and the interval between the two groups satisfies the following condition:
(d23max-d23min)/fw>1
wherein:
fwis the focal length of the optical system at the wide-angle end;
d23maxthe maximum distance between the variable-magnification lens group (G2) and the compensation lens group (G3) during variable magnification;
d23minthe distance between the variable power lens group (G2) and the compensation lens group (G3) is the minimum value when the power is changed.
2. The ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zoom medium wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the operating band of the optical system is 3.7-4.8 μm, and F # is 4.
3. The ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zoom medium wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical system is adapted to a detector having a medium wave infrared F number of 4, a number of pixels of 1024 x 768, and a pixel size of 10 μm or more.
4. The ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zoom medium wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the fixed-zoom-time positive power front fixed lens group (G1) includes a lens (L11) having a positive power and a lens (L12) having a negative power, both of which have at least one meniscus shape and are curved toward the target surface of the probe.
5. The ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous-zoom medium wave infrared optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that the other side of the lens (L11) having positive optical power is an aspherical surface.
6. The ultra-long-focus high-resolution continuous-zoom medium-wave infrared optical system according to claim 1, wherein the lenses in the variable power lens group (G2) and the compensation lens group (G3) are aspheric lenses, and at least one of the surfaces is an aspheric diffraction surface.
7. The ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zoom medium wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the negative power fixed-at-magnification lens group (G4) fixed at variable magnification includes a meniscus lens, the lens is curved toward the object side, and the first surface thereof is an aspherical surface.
8. The ultra-long focal length high resolution continuous zoom medium wave infrared optical system according to claim 1, wherein the positive power secondary imaging lens group (G5) comprises, in order from the object side to the image side, a double convex lens (L51) having a positive power, a negative power meniscus lens (L52), and a positive power meniscus lens (L53), wherein one surface of at least one lens is an aspherical surface.
CN202011247587.8A 2020-11-10 2020-11-10 Ultra-long focal length high-resolution continuous zooming medium-wave infrared optical system Pending CN112305732A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113866967A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-31 昆明物理研究所 Low-cost light small-sized medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system
CN114047616A (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-02-15 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 Medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with meter-level long focal length and hundred-fold variable power ratio

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113866967A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-31 昆明物理研究所 Low-cost light small-sized medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system
CN113866967B (en) * 2021-09-07 2023-09-01 昆明物理研究所 Low-cost light-weight small-sized medium-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system
CN114047616A (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-02-15 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 Medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with meter-level long focal length and hundred-fold variable power ratio
CN114047616B (en) * 2021-11-23 2023-08-18 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 Medium-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with meter-level long focal length and hundred-fold zoom ratio

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