CN114460729A - Large-relative-aperture large-target-surface uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system - Google Patents
Large-relative-aperture large-target-surface uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system Download PDFInfo
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- G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
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Abstract
A large relative aperture and large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system relates to the technical field of optical systems and comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a double concave negative lens, a double convex positive lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens and an infrared detector which are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side along the same optical axis; the first meniscus positive lens, the second meniscus positive lens, the meniscus negative lens and the third meniscus positive lens are all arranged in a bent way towards the image space; the focal length of the optical system is changed by axially moving the biconcave negative lens and the biconvex positive lens; the biconcave negative lens moves towards the image direction, the biconvex positive lens moves towards the object direction, and the biconvex positive lens changes from a large view field to a small view field; the optical system has a large target surface, realizes large relative aperture, can effectively increase the light flux, reduce the influence of fuzzy effect on a transfer function caused by thermal reaction time and platform movement, and can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to an uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system with a large relative aperture and a large target surface.
Background
Currently, with the continuous progress of the uncooled infrared technology, the uncooled infrared detector is also rapidly developed in two directions of high performance and low cost; the method is widely applied to the fields of vehicle-mounted monitoring, security monitoring and the like; however, the uncooled system has low temperature resolution and poor detection capability, and in order to improve the temperature resolution and the detection capability of the system, the infrared optical system is required to have a large relative aperture so as to improve the clear aperture of the system; by properly increasing the relative aperture, the transfer function value of the system at the Nyquist frequency can be effectively improved, the influence of the fuzzy effect caused by the thermal reaction time and the platform movement on the transfer function is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system can be increased;
the infrared thermal imaging system can realize target search of a large field of view and small field of view tracking and identification of a long-distance target; the single-view-field infrared optical system is difficult to meet the detection and identification requirements of targets at different distances, so the optical system of the thermal infrared imager needs to be designed as a zoom optical system to realize the function; the coverage rate of the short focal length and the large visual field of the continuous zooming infrared optical system is wide, and the resolution of the long focal length and the small visual field is high; the large view field can be used for searching targets in a large range, the small view field can be used for identifying, tracking and aiming the targets, the target images can be kept clear all the time in the zooming process, and the transformation of any view field in the zooming range can be realized; when the system is applied to an airborne photoelectric hanging cabin, the system cannot lose a tracking target in the continuous zooming process, and a proper working view field can be selected according to the scene and the target characteristics, so that the man-machine effect is greatly improved;
the infrared detector with large area array scale needs to be adapted to an infrared optical lens with a large target surface, otherwise, the image output by the system has a black angle; therefore, when the infrared optical system is designed, the size of the target surface of the infrared optical system is not smaller than that of the target surface of the selected infrared detector; such a phenomenon is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses an uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system with a large relative aperture and a large target surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system with a large relative aperture and a large target surface comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a double-concave negative lens, a double-convex positive lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens and an infrared detector which are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side along the same optical axis; the first meniscus positive lens, the second meniscus positive lens, the meniscus negative lens and the third meniscus positive lens are all arranged in a bent way towards the image space; the first positive meniscus lens is a front fixed lens, and the second positive meniscus lens, the negative meniscus lens and the third positive meniscus lens are rear fixed lenses; the biconcave negative lens is a zoom lens, the biconvex positive lens is a compensation lens, and the change of the focal length of the optical system is realized by axially moving the biconcave negative lens and the biconvex positive lens; the biconcave negative lens moves towards the image side, and the biconvex positive lens moves towards the object side and changes from a large view field to a small view field.
Preferably, by means of axially moving the third positive meniscus lens, image plane defocus compensation in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and system defocus compensation caused by distance change of the observed object are realized.
Preferably, the first meniscus positive lens, the biconcave negative lens, the biconvex positive lens, the meniscus negative lens and the third meniscus positive lens are all made of single-crystal germanium, and the second meniscus positive lens is made of zinc selenide.
Preferably, the focal length of the first positive meniscus lens, the double-concave negative lens, the double-convex positive lens, the second positive meniscus lens, the negative meniscus lens and the third positive meniscus lens satisfies the following conditions:
4.5≤f1/f≤4.7，-1.6≤f2/f≤-1.4，2.3≤f3/f≤2.5，13.0≤f4/f≤15.0，-4.0≤f5/f≤-3.8，1.2≤f6/f≤1.35；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in a short-focus state;
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens;
f2is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens;
f3is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens;
f4is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens;
f5is the effective focal length of the meniscus negative lens;
f6is the effective focal length of the third positive meniscus lens.
Preferably, the double concave negative lens object side surface S3, the double convex positive lens object side surface S5, and the third meniscus positive lens object side surface S11 are all aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric surface has the following surface form equation:
where z is a distance vector from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position having a height of R in the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate perpendicular to the optical axis direction, k is a conic constant, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient, C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient, and D is a tenth-order aspheric coefficient.
Preferably, the object side surface S7 of the second positive meniscus lens is aspheric, and a diffraction surface formed by a continuous relief structure is provided on the S7 substrate, and satisfies the following equation:
when z is the position of the aspheric surface with the height of R along the optical axis direction, the distance vector from the vertex of the aspheric surface is high, C is curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ0Designing a center wavelength; n is the refractive index of the second meniscus positive lens0Is the refractive index of air.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention disclosesAn uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system with large relative aperture and large target surface realizes constant F in zooming process#The large-relative-aperture infrared optical system with the aperture of 1.0 can effectively improve the transfer function value of the system at the Nyquist frequency, reduce the influence of the fuzzy effect caused by the thermal reaction time and the platform movement on the transfer function, and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, thereby effectively improving the temperature resolution of the infrared thermal imaging system; in addition, the optical system can keep clear imaging in the whole zooming process, the motion curve is smooth and continuous in the zooming process, abrupt points do not exist, and the clamping stagnation phenomenon of the system in the zooming process can be effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the optical path of the optical system of the present invention in a state of a long focus of 100 mm;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the optical path of the optical system of the present invention in the state of medium focus at 75 mm;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the optical path of the optical system of the present invention in a short-focus 25mm state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the zoom movement of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the transfer function of the optical system of the present invention in a state of a tele 100 mm;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the transfer function of the optical system of the present invention at a mid-focus of 75 mm;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the transfer function of the optical system of the present invention in a short focus 25mm state;
FIG. 9 is a stippled chart of an optical system of the present invention in a state of a long focus of 100 mm;
FIG. 10 is a dot alignment chart of the optical system of the present invention at a middle focal length of 75 mm;
FIG. 11 is a stippled chart of the optical system of the present invention in a short focal length of 25 mm;
FIG. 12 is a zoom plot of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows parameters of an infrared detector (wherein F#The formula (F number of the optical system) is F/D, F is the focal length of the optical system, and D is the entrance pupil diameterDiameter);
FIG. 14 shows parameters of lenses of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 15 shows aspheric coefficients of S3, S5, and S11;
fig. 16 shows the diffractive aspheric coefficients of S7.
In the figure: 1. a first meniscus positive lens; 2. a biconcave negative lens; 3. a biconvex positive lens; 4. a second meniscus positive lens; 5. a meniscus negative lens; 6. a third meniscus positive lens; 7. an infrared detector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following embodiments, and the purpose of disclosing the invention is to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the invention, it should be understood that, in the description of the invention, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., it only corresponds to the drawings of the present application, and it is convenient to describe the invention, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation.
With reference to fig. 1 to 5, an uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system with a large relative aperture and a large target surface, wherein the direction close to an object space is an object space, the direction close to an image space is an image space, and the direction from the object space to the image space, two surfaces of a lens are an incident surface and an emergent surface in sequence, and the uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system comprises a first positive meniscus lens 1, a double concave negative lens 2, a double convex positive lens 3, a second positive meniscus lens 4, a negative meniscus lens 5, a third positive meniscus lens 6 and an infrared detector 7 which are arranged along the same optical axis in sequence from the object space to the image space; the first meniscus positive lens 1, the near second meniscus positive lens 4, the meniscus negative lens 5 and the third meniscus positive lens 6 are all arranged in a bent mode towards the image side; according to the requirement, the focal lengths of the first positive meniscus lens 1, the double-concave negative lens 2, the double-convex positive lens 3, the second positive meniscus lens 4, the negative meniscus lens 5 and the third positive meniscus lens 6 meet the following conditions:
4.5≤f1/f≤4.7，-1.6≤f2/f≤-1.4，2.3≤f3/f≤2.5，13.0≤f4/f≤15.0，-4.0≤f5/f≤-3.8，1.2≤f6/f≤1.35；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in a short-focus state;
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens 1;
f2is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens 2;
f3the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens 3;
f4is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens 4;
f5the effective focal length of the meniscus negative lens 5;
f6is the effective focal length of the third positive meniscus lens 6;
the double-concave negative lens 2 surface facing the object space S3, the double-convex positive lens 3 surface facing the object space S5, and the third meniscus positive lens 6 surface facing the object space S11 are all aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric surface equation is as follows:
when z is the position of the aspheric surface with the height of R along the optical axis direction, the distance vector from the vertex of the aspheric surface is high, C is curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient, C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient, and D is a tenth-order aspheric coefficient;
the surface S7 of one side, facing the object space, of the second meniscus positive lens 4 is an aspheric surface, a diffraction surface formed by a continuous relief structure is arranged on the S7 substrate, the diffraction surface can be formed by turning the S7 substrate by using a diamond turning tool, and the equation is satisfied:
wherein z is a distance rise from a vertex of the aspherical surface when the aspherical surface is at a position of a height R in the optical axis direction, c is a curvature, c is 1/R,r represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate perpendicular to the optical axis direction, k is a conic constant, A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ0Designing a center wavelength; n is the refractive index of the second meniscus positive lens0Is the refractive index of air;
as shown in fig. 12, which is a zoom profile of the continuous zoom optical system, the abscissa is the focal length of the continuous zoom optical system, and the ordinate is the axial distances of the variable magnification group and the compensation group with respect to the front fixed group; the double-concave negative lens 2 is a zoom lens, the double-convex positive lens 3 is a compensation lens, and the change of the focal length of the optical system is realized by axially moving the double-concave negative lens 2 and the double-convex positive lens 3; the biconcave negative lens 2 moves towards the image direction, the biconvex positive lens 3 moves towards the object direction, and changes from a large view field to a small view field, namely, the change of the focal length of the optical system is realized by axially moving the biconcave negative lens 2 and the biconvex positive lens 3, and when the biconcave negative lens 2 is close to the first meniscus positive lens 1 and the biconvex positive lens 3 is close to the second meniscus positive lens 4, the optical system is in a short-focus and large view field state; in the process of changing from a large visual field to a small visual field, the biconcave negative lens 2 moves towards the image direction, and the biconvex positive lens 3 moves towards the object direction, when the distance between the biconcave negative lens 2 and the biconvex positive lens 3 is shortest, the optical system is in a long-focus and small visual field state, the stroke of the biconcave negative lens 2 is 31.41mm, and the stroke of the biconvex positive lens 3 is 36.32 mm; the first positive meniscus lens 1 is a front fixed lens, the second positive meniscus lens 4, the negative meniscus lens 5 and the third positive meniscus lens 6 are rear fixed lenses, and are fixed in the zooming process; as can be seen from fig. 12, the zoom curve of the optical system of the present invention is smooth and continuous, and there is no discontinuity, so that the system is effectively prevented from being jammed during zooming.
The image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of the observed scene are realized by axially moving the third meniscus positive lens 6, so that clear imaging of objects with different distances is ensured; according to the requirement, the first meniscus positive lens 1, the biconcave negative lens 2, the biconvex positive lens 3, the meniscus negative lens 5 and the third meniscus positive lens 6 are all made of single crystal germanium (Ge), and the second meniscus positive lens component 4 is made of zinc selenide (ZNSE);
the specific light transmission path is that light emitted by infrared radiation of an external scene is converged by the first positive meniscus lens 1 and then reaches the double-concave negative lens 2, is diverged by the double-concave negative lens 2 and then reaches the double-convex positive lens 3, is converged by the double-convex positive lens 3 and then reaches the second positive meniscus lens 4, is converged by the second positive meniscus lens 4 and then reaches the negative meniscus lens 5, is diverged by the negative meniscus lens 5 and then reaches the third positive meniscus lens 6, and is converged by the third positive meniscus lens 6 and then imaged on the infrared detector 7.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the specific technical index of the optical system of the present invention is shown in fig. 13;
as shown in fig. 14, the optical system of the present invention includes detailed data of each lens (including the surface type, the curvature radius, the thickness, the aperture and the material of each lens, when the focal length is 25mm to 100mm, wherein the unit of the curvature radius, the thickness and the aperture of each lens is mm, and the curvature radius of the spherical surface and the aspherical surface refers to the curvature radius at the intersection point of the lens surface and the optical axis);
as shown in FIG. 15, the aspheric coefficients of the object side surface S3 of the biconcave negative lens 2, the object side surface S5 of the biconvex positive lens 3, and the object side surface S11 of the third meniscus positive lens 6 of the present invention (scientific notation is used in the figure, for example, 1.916407e-007 indicates 1.916407 × 10-7)；
As shown in fig. 16, the diffractive aspheric coefficient of the object side surface S7 of the second positive meniscus lens 4 of the present invention (shown by scientific notation);
through simulation of optical design software, as shown in fig. 6 to 11, when the spatial frequency of the uncooled detector with the pixel size of 12 μm and the pixel number of 1280 × 1024 is 42lp/mm, the transfer functions in the long focus, the middle focus and the short focus states are all larger than 0.3.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art, and it is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (6)
1. A large relative aperture, large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system is characterized in that: the infrared detector comprises a first positive meniscus lens (1), a double-concave negative lens (2), a double-convex positive lens (3), a second positive meniscus lens (4), a negative meniscus lens (5), a third positive meniscus lens (6) and an infrared detector (7), which are arranged from an object side to an image side in sequence along the same optical axis; the first meniscus positive lens (1), the near second meniscus positive lens (4), the meniscus negative lens (5) and the third meniscus positive lens (6) are all arranged in a bent mode towards the image side; the first positive meniscus lens (1) is a front fixed lens, and the second positive meniscus lens (4), the negative meniscus lens (5) and the third positive meniscus lens (6) are rear fixed lenses; the double-concave negative lens (2) is a zoom lens, the double-convex positive lens (3) is a compensation lens, and the focal length of the optical system is changed by axially moving the double-concave negative lens (2) and the double-convex positive lens (3); the biconcave negative lens (2) moves towards the image direction, and the biconvex positive lens (3) moves towards the object direction and changes from a large visual field to a small visual field.
2. The large relative aperture, large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: by means of axially moving the third positive meniscus lens (6), image plane defocusing compensation in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and system defocusing compensation caused by distance change of an observed scene are realized.
3. The large relative aperture, large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: the material of the first meniscus positive lens (1), the biconcave negative lens (2), the biconvex positive lens (3), the meniscus negative lens (5) and the third meniscus positive lens (6) is single crystal germanium (Ge), and the material of the second meniscus positive lens (4) is zinc selenide (ZNSE).
4. The large relative aperture, large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: the focal length of the first positive meniscus lens (1), the double-concave negative lens (2), the double-convex positive lens (3), the second positive meniscus lens (4), the negative meniscus lens (5) and the third positive meniscus lens (6) meets the following conditions:
4.5≤f1/f≤4.7，-1.6≤f2/f≤-1.4，2.3≤f3/f≤2.5，13.0≤f4/f≤15.0，-4.0≤f5/f≤-3.8，1.2≤f6/f≤1.35；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in a short-focus state;
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens (1);
f2is the effective focal length of the double concave negative lens (2);
f3is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens (3);
f4is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens (4);
f5is the effective focal length of the meniscus negative lens (5);
f6is the effective focal length of the third meniscus positive lens (6).
5. The large relative aperture, large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: the double-concave negative lens (2) surface S3 facing the object side, the double-convex positive lens (3) surface S5 facing the object side, and the third meniscus positive lens (6) surface S11 facing the object side are all aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric surface equation is as follows:
where z is a distance vector from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position having a height of R in the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate perpendicular to the optical axis direction, k is a conic constant, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient, C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient, and D is a tenth-order aspheric coefficient.
6. The large relative aperture, large target surface uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: the surface S7 of one side, facing the object side, of the second meniscus positive lens (4) is an aspheric surface, and a diffraction surface formed by a continuous relief structure is arranged on the S7 substrate and meets the equation:
when z is the position of the aspheric surface with the height of R along the optical axis direction, the distance vector from the vertex of the aspheric surface is high, C is curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ0Designing a center wavelength; n is the refractive index of the second meniscus positive lens0Is the refractive index of air.
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| CN115166952B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-09-26 | 苏州东方克洛托光电技术有限公司 | Uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zoom lens |
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