CN110716297B - Long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous zooming optical system - Google Patents
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- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
- G02B15/163—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group
- G02B15/167—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses
- G02B15/173—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses arranged +-+
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Abstract
An infrared continuous zooming optical system with a long focal length and a large target surface comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a double-concave negative lens, a double-convex positive lens, a negative meniscus lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens and a detector; the lenses adopt a refraction and diffraction mixing system, and the number of lenses of the system is reduced and the weight of the system is reduced through reasonable distribution of focal powers of different lenses; the zooming curve of the system is smooth and continuous, and the clamping stagnation phenomenon of the system in the zooming process is effectively avoided; by adopting a mode of axially fine-tuning and moving the third meniscus positive lens, the image plane defocusing compensation of the system in a temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of an observed object are realized, and clear imaging of objects with different distances is ensured; the long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous zooming optical system fills the domestic blank of the long-focus continuous zooming optical system which is suitable for 1024 x 768 non-refrigeration type infrared detectors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of uncooled infrared optical systems, in particular to an uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system with a long focal length and a large target surface.
Background
The uncooled infrared detector has the advantages of low price, small volume, light weight, low power consumption, high reliability and the like, so that the uncooled infrared detector is more and more widely applied to the military and civil fields of security monitoring, vehicle-mounted monitoring and the like.
Currently, with the continuous progress of the uncooled infrared technology, the uncooled infrared detector is also rapidly developed towards two directions of high performance and low cost, and is mainly used for meeting the requirements of military equipment on high sensitivity, high resolution, high frame frequency and replacement of part of the refrigerated detectors; domestic uncooled infrared detectors are long-wave uncooled infrared detectors with the mass production of 1024 x 768 and the pixel size of 14 mu m, but at present, no long-focus continuous zooming optical system capable of being matched with the 1024 x 768 uncooled infrared detectors is available in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses an infrared continuous zooming optical system with a long focal length and a large target surface, which comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a double concave negative lens, a double convex positive lens, a negative meniscus lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens and a detector; the lenses adopt a refraction and diffraction mixing system, and the number of lenses of the system is effectively reduced, the volume of the system is reduced, and the weight of the system is reduced through reasonable distribution of focal powers of different lenses; the zooming curve of the system is smooth and continuous, and has no abrupt point, so that the clamping stagnation phenomenon of the system in the zooming process can be effectively avoided; by adopting a mode of moving the third meniscus positive lens in an axial fine adjustment manner, the image plane defocusing compensation of the system in a temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of an observed object are realized, so that clear imaging of objects with different distances is ensured, and the system complication caused by the refrigeration-free design is avoided; the infrared continuous zooming optical system with long focal length and large target surface fills the blank of the domestic long-focus continuous zooming optical system which is suitable for 1024 x 768 non-refrigeration detectors.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an infrared continuous zooming optical system with a long focal length and a large target surface comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a double-concave negative lens, a double-convex positive lens, a negative meniscus lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens and a detector; the first meniscus positive lens is a front fixed lens; the double-concave negative lens is a zoom lens; the biconvex positive lens is a zoom compensation lens; the meniscus negative lens and the second meniscus positive lens are rear fixed groups; the third meniscus positive lens is a temperature compensation lens; the detector is an uncooled infrared detector; the lenses and the infrared detector are sequentially arranged from left to right and on the same optical axis; in the process of zooming from long focus to short focus, the biconcave negative lens moves towards the direction of the first meniscus positive lens, the biconvex positive lens moves towards the direction of the meniscus negative lens, and the positions of the first meniscus positive lens, the meniscus negative lens, the second meniscus positive lens and the third meniscus positive lens are kept in situ; the third positive meniscus lens is finely adjusted and moved on the optical axis and is used for image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 60 ℃ and system defocusing compensation caused by distance change of an observed object.
Further, in the zooming process, the biconcave negative lens and the biconvex positive lens move along the optical axis according to respective motion rules; the motion law of the biconcave negative lens and the biconvex positive lens is realized by the control of a cam, and the envelope curve arranged on the cam is the motion law curve of the biconcave negative lens and the biconvex positive lens.
Furthermore, the first positive meniscus lens, the double-concave negative lens, the double-convex positive lens and the third positive meniscus lens are all made of single crystal germanium (Ge); the meniscus negative lens is made of zinc sulfide (ZNS), and the second meniscus positive lens is made of zinc selenide (ZNSE).
Further, the focal lengths of the above lenses need to satisfy the following conditions:
4.6≤f1/f≤4.9，-1.8≤f2/f≤-1.5，2.5≤f3/f≤2.7，-31.0≤f4/f≤-28.0，17.0≤f5/f≤20.0，1.4≤f6/f≤1.6；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in the short-focus state,
f1is the effective focal length of the first positive meniscus lens,
f2is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens,
f3is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens,
f4is the effective focal length of the negative meniscus lens,
f5is the effective focal length of the second positive meniscus lens,
f6is the effective focal length of the third positive meniscus lens.
Furthermore, the light incidence side surfaces of the biconvex positive lens, the meniscus negative lens and the third meniscus positive lens are all of even-order aspheric surface types.
Further, the surface equation of the light incident side of the double convex positive lens, the meniscus negative lens and the third meniscus positive lens is as follows:
wherein z is a distance vector from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position having a height of R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate perpendicular to the optical axis direction, k is a conic constant, a is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C is an eighth order aspheric coefficient, and D is a tenth order aspheric coefficient.
Furthermore, the light incidence side surface of the second meniscus positive lens is a diffraction aspheric surface, a diffraction grating is arranged on the aspheric surface, and the diffraction grating is obtained by processing through a diamond lathe.
Further, the surface equation of the incident light side surface of the second meniscus positive lens is as follows:
wherein z is the distance rise from the vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at the position with the height of R along the optical axis direction, C is the curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is the radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, and C is an eighth order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ0Designing a center wavelength; n is the refractive index of the third meniscus positive lens0Is the refractive index of air.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention discloses an infrared continuous zooming optical system with a long focal length and a large target surface, which comprises a first meniscus positive lens, a double-concave negative lens, a double-convex positive lens, a meniscus negative lens, a second meniscus positive lens, a third meniscus positive lens and a detector, wherein the detector is arranged in the first meniscus positive lens; the lenses adopt a refraction and diffraction mixing system, and the number of lenses of the system is effectively reduced, the volume of the system is reduced, and the weight of the system is reduced through reasonable distribution of focal powers of different lenses; the zooming curve of the system is smooth and continuous, and has no abrupt point, so that the clamping stagnation phenomenon of the system in the zooming process can be effectively avoided; by adopting a mode of moving the third meniscus positive lens in an axial fine adjustment manner, the image plane defocusing compensation of the system in a temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of an observed object are realized, so that clear imaging of objects with different distances is ensured, and the system complication caused by the refrigeration-free design is avoided; the infrared continuous zooming optical system with long focal length and large target surface fills the blank of the domestic long-focus continuous zooming optical system which is suitable for 1024 x 768 non-refrigeration detectors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical path of an optical system in a tele state;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the optical path of the optical system in the intermediate focus state;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an optical path of the optical system in a short focus state;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the transfer function of the optical system in the tele state;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the transfer function of the optical system in the mid-focus state;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the transfer function of the optical system in the short focus state;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a spot in the tele state of the optical system;
FIG. 8 is a stippled plot of the optical system in the mid focus state;
FIG. 9 is a stippled plot of the optical system in the short focus state;
FIG. 10 is a graph of field curvature and distortion for an optical system in a tele state;
FIG. 11 is a graph of field curvature and distortion of the optical system in the mid-focus state;
FIG. 12 is a graph of field curvature and distortion for an optical system in a short focus state;
FIG. 13 phase diagram of the diffraction surface of the optical system;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of phase period versus radial distance for a diffractive element of an optical system.
In the figure: 1. a first meniscus positive lens; 2. a biconcave negative lens; 3. a biconvex positive lens; 4. a meniscus negative lens; 5. a second meniscus positive lens; 6. a third meniscus positive lens; 7. and a detector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.
An infrared continuous zooming optical system with a long focal length and a large target surface comprises a first positive meniscus lens 1, a double-concave negative lens 2, a double-convex positive lens 3, a negative meniscus lens 4, a second positive meniscus lens 5, a third positive meniscus lens 6 and a detector 7; the first meniscus positive lens 1 is a front fixed mirror; the double concave negative lens 2 is a zoom lens; the biconvex positive lens 3 is a zoom compensation lens; the meniscus negative lens 4 and the second meniscus positive lens 5 are rear fixed groups; the third positive meniscus lens 6 is a temperature compensation lens; the detector 7 is an uncooled infrared detector; the lenses and the infrared detector 7 are arranged from left to right in sequence and on the same optical axis; in the process of zooming from long focus to short focus, the double-concave negative lens 2 moves towards the direction of the first meniscus positive lens 1, the double-convex positive lens 3 moves towards the direction of the meniscus negative lens 4, and the positions of the first meniscus positive lens 1, the meniscus negative lens 4, the second meniscus positive lens 5 and the third meniscus positive lens 6 are kept in situ; the third positive meniscus lens 6 finely moves on the optical axis and is used for image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and system defocusing compensation caused by distance change of an observed object;
in the zooming process, the biconcave negative lens 2 and the biconvex positive lens 3 move along the optical axis according to respective motion rules; the motion laws of the double-concave negative lens 2 and the double-convex positive lens 3 are controlled by a cam, and an envelope curve arranged on the cam is a motion law curve of the double-concave negative lens 2 and the double-convex positive lens 3;
the first meniscus positive lens 1, the double-concave negative lens 2, the double-convex positive lens 3 and the third meniscus positive lens 6 are all made of single crystal germanium (Ge); the meniscus negative lens 4 is made of zinc sulfide (ZNS), and the second meniscus positive lens component 5 is made of zinc selenide (ZNSE);
the focal lengths of the above lenses need to satisfy the following conditions:
4.6≤f1/f≤4.9，-1.8≤f2/f≤-1.5，2.5≤f3/f≤2.7，-31.0≤f4/f≤-28.0，17.0≤f5/f≤20.0，1.4≤f6/f≤1.6；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in the short-focus state,
f1is the effective focal length of the first positive meniscus lens 1,
f2is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens 2,
f3is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens 3,
f4is the effective focal length of the negative meniscus lens 4,
f5is the effective focal length of the second positive meniscus lens 5,
f6is the effective focal length of the third positive meniscus lens 6;
the light incidence side surfaces of the biconvex positive lens (3), the meniscus negative lens (4) and the third meniscus positive lens (6) are all of even aspheric surface shapes, and the surface equation is as follows:
wherein z is the distance rise from the vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at the position with the height of R along the optical axis direction, C is the curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is the radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C is an eighth order aspheric coefficient, and D is a tenth order aspheric coefficient;
the light incidence side surface of the second meniscus positive lens 5 adopts a diffraction aspheric surface, a diffraction grating is arranged on the aspheric surface, and the surface equation is as follows:
wherein z is the distance rise from the vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at the position with the height of R along the optical axis direction, C is the curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is the radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, and C is an eighth order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ0For designing a central waveLength; n is the refractive index of the third meniscus positive lens0Is the refractive index of air.
Based on the technical characteristics of the configuration of each optical lens and device, the light path design, the focal length of each optical lens and the design criteria of each lens surface type of the long-focal-length large-target-surface infrared continuous zooming optical system, the following preferred specific embodiments are given:
the specific technical indexes of the system are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
Wherein, F#The formula (F number of the optical system) is F/D, wherein F is the focal length of the optical system, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil.
The detailed data of the optical system of the present invention at a focal length of 30mm to 150mm are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
Table 2 lists the surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, caliber, material of each lens; the unit of curvature radius, thickness and caliber of the lens is mm, the unit of weight is g, and the curvature radius of the spherical surface and the aspherical surface refers to the curvature radius at the intersection point of the surface of the lens and an optical axis; wherein, the "surface serial number" in table 2 is counted along the light propagation direction, for example, the light beam incident surface of the first meniscus positive lens 1 is serial number S1, the light beam emergent surface is serial number S2, and the serial numbers of other mirror surfaces are analogized; the "radius" in table 2 represents the radius of curvature of the surface, and the positive and negative criteria are: taking the intersection point of the surface and the main optical axis as a starting point and the center of the curved surface of the surface as an end point; if the connecting direction is the same as the light propagation direction, the connecting direction is positive, otherwise, the connecting direction is negative; if the surface is a plane, the curvature radius of the surface is infinite; the "thickness" in table 2 gives the distance on the optical axis of the adjacent two faces; the positive and negative judgment principle is as follows: taking the current vertex as a starting point and the next vertex as an end point; if the connecting direction is the same as the light propagation direction, the connecting direction is positive, otherwise, the connecting direction is negative; if the material between the two surfaces is an infrared material, the thickness represents the thickness of the lens, and if no material exists between the two surfaces, the spatial interval between the two lenses is represented; "caliber" in table 2 is the diameter value of each optical element;
aspheric coefficients of the light-incident-side surface S5 of the biconvex positive lens 3, the light-incident-side surface S7 of the meniscus negative lens 4, and the light-incident-side surface S11 of the third meniscus positive lens 6 of the present invention are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
The diffractive aspheric surface coefficient of the light-incident-side surface S9 of the second positive meniscus lens 5 of the present invention is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
Through simulation of optical design software, when the corresponding spatial frequency of an uncooled detector with the pixel size of 14 μm and the pixel number of 1024 × 768 is 36lp/mm, the transfer functions in the states of long focus, middle focus and short focus are all larger than 0.3, specifically shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6; the diameter of the scattering spot of the optical system is equivalent to the pixel size of the detector, and the point diagrams in the long-focus, middle-focus and short-focus states are shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9; the distortion of the optical system is less than 2.2% in both the long focus state and the middle focus state, and less than 3.5% in the short focus state, specifically shown in fig. 10, 11 and 12; the diffractive aspheric phase period is shown in fig. 13; the zoom curve of the optical system is shown in figure 14, the abscissa is the focal length of the continuous zoom optical system, and the ordinate is the axial distance between the zoom group and the compensation group relative to the front fixed group.
When the long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous zooming optical system works, the specific light transmission process is as follows: light rays emitted by natural light reflected by an object plane converge through the first positive meniscus lens 1 and then reach the double-concave negative lens 2, diverge through the double-concave negative lens 2 and then reach the double-convex positive lens 3, converge through the double-convex positive lens 3 and then reach the negative meniscus lens 4, diverge through the negative meniscus lens 4 and then reach the second positive meniscus lens 5, converge through the second positive meniscus lens 5 and reach the third positive meniscus lens 6, converge through the third positive meniscus lens 6 and then form an image on the detector 7.
When the long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous zooming optical system works, the change of the focal length of the optical system is realized by axially moving the double-concave negative lens 2 and the double-convex positive lens 3, and when the double-concave negative lens 2 is close to the first meniscus positive lens 1 and the double-convex positive lens 3 is close to the meniscus negative lens 4, the optical system is in a short-focus and large-field-of-view state; in the process of changing from a large visual field to a small visual field, the biconcave negative lens 2 moves towards the image direction, and the biconvex positive lens 3 moves towards the object direction; when the distance between the biconcave negative lens 2 and the biconvex positive lens 3 is the shortest, the optical system is in a long-focus and small-field state; the out-of-focus compensation of the image plane of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the out-of-focus compensation of the system caused by the distance change of the observed object are realized by moving the third meniscus positive lens 6 in an axial fine adjustment manner, so that the clear imaging of the objects with different distances is ensured. The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. An infrared continuous zooming optical system with long focal length and large target surface is characterized in that: the detector comprises a first positive meniscus lens (1), a double-concave negative lens (2), a double-convex positive lens (3), a negative meniscus lens (4), a second positive meniscus lens (5), a third positive meniscus lens (6) and a detector (7); the first positive meniscus lens (1) is a front fixed mirror; the double concave negative lens (2) is a zoom lens; the biconvex positive lens (3) is a zoom compensation lens; the meniscus negative lens (4) and the second meniscus positive lens (5) are rear fixed groups; the third meniscus positive lens (6) is a temperature compensation lens; the detector (7) is an uncooled infrared detector; the lenses and the infrared detector (7) are arranged from left to right in sequence and share an optical axis; in the process of zooming from long focus to short focus, the double-concave negative lens (2) moves towards the direction of the first meniscus positive lens (1), the double-convex positive lens (3) moves towards the direction of the meniscus negative lens (4), and the positions of the first meniscus positive lens (1), the meniscus negative lens (4), the second meniscus positive lens (5) and the third meniscus positive lens (6) are kept in situ; the third positive meniscus lens (6) finely adjusts and moves on the optical axis and is used for image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 60 ℃ and system defocusing compensation caused by distance change of an observed object;
the focal lengths of the above lenses need to satisfy the following conditions:
4.6≤f1/f≤4.9，-1.8≤f2/f≤-1.5，2.5≤f3/f≤2.7，-31.0≤f4/f≤-28.0，17.0≤f5/f≤20.0，1.4≤f6/f≤1.6；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in the short-focus state,
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens (1),
f2is the effective focal length of the double concave negative lens (2),
f3is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens (3),
f4is the effective focal length of the meniscus negative lens (4),
f5is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens (5),
f6is the effective focal length of the third meniscus positive lens (6).
2. The long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous-zooming optical system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the zooming process, the biconcave negative lens (2) and the biconvex positive lens (3) move along the optical axis according to respective motion rules; the motion laws of the biconcave negative lens (2) and the biconvex positive lens (3) are controlled by the cam, and the envelope curve arranged on the cam is the motion law curve of the biconcave negative lens (2) and the biconvex positive lens (3).
3. The long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous-zooming optical system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the first meniscus positive lens (1), the double-concave negative lens (2), the double-convex positive lens (3) and the third meniscus positive lens (6) are all made of single crystal germanium (Ge); the meniscus negative lens (4) is made of zinc sulfide (ZNS), and the second meniscus positive lens component (5) is made of zinc selenide (ZNSE).
4. The long focal length large target surface infrared continuous zooming optical system of claim 1, wherein: the light incidence side surfaces of the biconvex positive lens (3), the falcate negative lens (4) and the third falcate positive lens (6) are all of even-order aspheric surface types.
5. The long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous-zooming optical system as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the surface type equation of the light incident side of the double convex positive lens (3), the meniscus negative lens (4) and the third meniscus positive lens (6) is as follows:
wherein z is a distance vector from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position having a height of R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate perpendicular to the optical axis direction, k is a conic constant, a is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C is an eighth order aspheric coefficient, and D is a tenth order aspheric coefficient.
6. The long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous-zooming optical system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the light incidence side surface of the second meniscus positive lens (5) adopts a diffraction aspheric surface, and a diffraction grating is arranged on the aspheric surface.
7. The long-focus large-target-surface infrared continuous-zooming optical system as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the surface equation of the light incidence side surface of the second meniscus positive lens (5) is as follows:
wherein z is the distance rise from the vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at the position with the height of R along the optical axis direction, C is the curvature, C is 1/R, R represents the curvature radius of the lens surface, R is the radial coordinate vertical to the optical axis direction, k is a quadratic curve constant, A is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, and C is an eighth order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ0Designing a center wavelength; n is the refractive index of the third meniscus positive lens0Is the refractive index of air.
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