CN210072179U - Infrared two-gear zoom area array scanning optical system - Google Patents
Infrared two-gear zoom area array scanning optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210072179U CN210072179U CN201920708748.5U CN201920708748U CN210072179U CN 210072179 U CN210072179 U CN 210072179U CN 201920708748 U CN201920708748 U CN 201920708748U CN 210072179 U CN210072179 U CN 210072179U
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Abstract
The patent discloses an infrared two grades of area array scanning optical system that zooms includes from the object plane to image plane in proper order: the device comprises a front fixed group, a zoom group, a rear fixed group, a galvanometer, a secondary convergence group, a turning reflector, a tertiary imaging group, a window and an aperture diaphragm. The zooming group moves along the direction of the optical axis to realize two-gear zooming. The distance of the zooming group along the direction of the optical axis is finely adjusted, and compensation of different working temperatures and clear imaging of different object distances are simultaneously realized. The galvanometer scans back and forth in a corresponding angle range at a specific frequency, so that the movement of an object plane in the exposure time caused by the rotation of the scanning platform can be compensated, the imaging of the system is kept clear and stable during rotary scanning, and no smear is generated. The system has simple zooming form, and can realize two-gear zooming area array scanning, two-gear gaze tracking, work temperature compensation between minus 30 ℃ and plus 60 ℃ and focusing of imaging at different distances by moving a group of optical elements. The method can be applied to an infrared system integrating medium-wave and long-wave two-gear zoom search and tracking.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to an infrared detection optical system, in particular to an infrared optical system for two-gear zoom area array scanning.
Background
The infrared search tracking system is an imaging detection device which works in a passive mode, can complete searching, tracking and positioning of a target, has the advantages of good concealment, wide detection range, high positioning accuracy, strong identification camouflage capability, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and has been widely paid attention to and applied.
The second generation infrared alarm system uses infrared line detector to scan and image at 1 Hz. The warning system only has a scanning imaging function, and cannot track the target after the target is found. With the application requirement of integration of search and tracking, a continuous scanning type surface array detector imaging system is developed. Scanning of a continuous scan type linear array imaging system during the integration time results in relative motion between the focal plane and the scene, causing smearing and blurring of the image. By the backswing compensation technology, the area array scanning infrared system with the functions of infrared periphery scanning search and gaze tracking can be realized.
The relevant application research of the scanning type infrared search tracking system based on the area array detector is carried out abroad. At the paris navy equipment exhibition of 2014, france, high-score wide-area monitoring system-Spynel-X8000, introduced by HGH infrared systems, inc. The system adopts a reverse scanning compensation type image motion compensation scheme and a refrigeration type medium wave infrared area array detector, can complete 360-degree scanning of the azimuth at the search rate of 2 seconds/circle and has a pitching view field of 5 degrees.
The university of the sienna industry in 2012 develops research aiming at a photoelectric early warning detection system, and an area array detector with medium wave of 3.7-4.8um is adopted, and the resolution is 320 multiplied by 256. The output image frame frequency is 50HZ, the system focal length is 90mm, and the optical system F number is 2. In the mode of reverse scanning compensation, a limited-angle direct-current torque motor is used for driving a reflector to realize the staring compensation function of the system for focusing the planar thermal imager, and the phenomenon of image trailing of an area array device in the panoramic search process is eliminated. (white wave, research on key technology of infrared search and tracking system using focal plane detector [ D ]. university of Western Ann industry)
In 2014, CN 104539829 a discloses an optical-mechanical structure based on scanning and imaging of an infrared area array detector, which realizes that a single infrared area array detector performs 360-degree all-dimensional scanning and imaging, ensures that no blurring effect is generated due to rotation of a platform when an infrared image is acquired, and can fully exert the characteristics of long integration time and high sensitivity of the area array infrared focal plane detector.
In 2016, an area array detector continuous scanning imaging optical system is designed by Shanghai technical and physical research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, wherein the focal length of the system is 73mm, F/2, and the system is matched with a detector of 320 multiplied by 256. (Wang Shi Yong, Wang, et al. area array detector continuous scanning imaging optical system, Infrared and laser engineering, 2016, 45(1):0118002-1 ~ 0118002-5)
Therefore, the currently reported infrared area array scanning optical systems are all designed with fixed focal length and do not have the zooming function. When the 360-degree scanning search and gaze tracking are carried out, the resolution ratio of the target cannot be changed, and the functions of large visual field search and small visual field detailed investigation cannot be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the existence of the problems, the patent provides an infrared two-gear zooming area array scanning optical system. The purpose of this patent is: the infrared two-gear zooming area array scanning optical system can realize two-gear zooming area array scanning, two-gear gaze tracking, work temperature compensation between minus 30 ℃ and plus 60 ℃ and focusing of imaging at different distances by moving a group of optical elements.
The technical problem that this patent will be solved is: firstly, the aberration caused by the swinging of the galvanometer is eliminated in two focal length states, and the imaging is ensured to be clear in the scanning process; and secondly, distortion caused by the swinging of the galvanometer is reduced under two focal length states, and the registration of the image in the full view field range in the swinging process is ensured, so that the image is kept stable. And thirdly, a solution is provided, and through single element movement, two-gear zooming area array scanning, two-gear gaze tracking, work temperature compensation of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃ and focusing of imaging at different distances are realized simultaneously.
In order to obtain better performance, the system adopts a refrigeration type infrared detector, and the optical system diaphragm is 100% matched with the cold diaphragm of the detector. Therefore, in the design process of the infrared zoom optical system, the aberration cannot be eliminated in an auxiliary manner by adjusting the position of the diaphragm, and the design difficulty of the system is increased. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the volume of the optical system, the aperture of the first lens is reduced, so that the entrance pupil is designed on the front end surface of the first lens. Further, in order to reduce the size of the galvanometer, the exit pupil of the telescopic system is designed to be at the galvanometer position.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is shown in figure 1, and the patent is realized by the following technical scheme: the optical system for infrared imaging sequentially comprises a front fixed group 100, a zoom group 200, a rear fixed group 300, a galvanometer 400, a secondary convergence group 500, a turning reflector 600, a tertiary imaging group 700, a window 800, an aperture diaphragm 900 and an image plane 1000 from an object side to an image side. The imaging light beam from the object space passes through the front fixing group 100, the zoom group 200 and the rear fixing group 300 in sequence, becomes a parallel light beam, is bent by the galvanometer 400, passes through the secondary convergence group 500, the bending reflector 600, the tertiary imaging group 700, the window 800 and the aperture stop 900, and is imaged on the image surface.
The zoom group 200 is close to the front fixed group 100, and the focal length of the two-gear zoom optical system is short focus; when the focal length of the system is in the telephoto range, the zoom group 200 moves toward the rear fixed group 300 along the optical axis. By the zoom group 200 being in two positions, two focal lengths of the optical system can be realized. Short focal length of the system is f1Focal length of tele is f2The zoom ratio of the system is as follows: f ═ f2/f1(ii) a The zoom ratio range of the system is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the F number of the infrared system ranges from: 2.0 is less than or equal to F/#isless than or equal to 5.5;
the rear fixed group 300 is a positive lens. The front fixed group 100, the zoom group 200 and the rear fixed group 300 form a telescopic system, rays from infinity pass through the front three groups and become parallel rays to be emitted, and the exit pupil of the parallel rays is located at the position of the oscillator 400. The optical system entrance pupil position is located at the front surface of the front fixed first lens 101. The aperture diaphragm 900 is superposed with the cold diaphragm in the infrared detector matched with the system, and the apertures are the same. The angle between the turning reflector 600 and the light path is 45 degrees, and the light path is turned by 90 degrees.
The zoom group 200 moves along the optical axis direction for fine adjustment, and can compensate the focal plane drift of the optical system at different working temperatures, so that the image quality is good and the focal plane position is unchanged when the optical system is at different working temperatures within the range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃.
The zooming group 200 moves along the direction of the optical axis for fine adjustment, so that the focusing function of different object distances can be realized, and the clear imaging range of the optical system covers 10 meters to infinity.
The galvanometer 400 is positioned in a parallel light path and has two working states, namely a locking state and a reciprocating scanning state, when the galvanometer 400 is in the locking state, the galvanometer 400 is placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis of the telescope, the light path is turned by 90 degrees, the optical system is applied to a gaze tracking mode and can perform double zooming, when the galvanometer 400 is in the reciprocating scanning state, the optical system is applied to a periodic scanning search mode, the reciprocating scanning of the galvanometer is used for compensating the movement of an object plane in the exposure time caused by the scanning rotation of a platform, and the image is kept clear, and the optical system can be applied to the periodic scanning search mode under the state of two-gear focal length, α1For effective return sweep scan half angle of galvanometer 400 when the system is in short focus, α2α for effective return sweep scan half angle of galvanometer 400 when the system is in the tele state1、α2The following formula is satisfied:
in the above formula, τ is the integration time of the detector, V1Sweeping speed for short focal platform, β1The zoom lens is the magnification of a telescopic system consisting of a front fixed group 100, a zoom group 200 and a rear fixed group 300 in a short-focus state; v2Sweeping speed for tele platform, β2The zoom lens is the magnification of a telescopic system consisting of a front fixed group 100, a zoom group 200 and a rear fixed group 300 in a long-focus state;
the front fixed group 100 is composed of a front fixed first lens 101 and a front fixed second lens 102. The front fixed first lens 101 is a meniscus silicon lens of positive power bent to the image side. The front fixed second lens 102 is a negative-power meniscus aspherical germanium lens which is curved to the image side, and the front surface thereof is aspherical.
The zoom group 200 consists of a zoom first lens 201 and a zoom second lens 202; the first zoom lens 201 is a negative-power meniscus barium fluoride lens curved toward the object, and the second zoom lens 202 is a positive-power meniscus aspheric germanium lens curved toward the object.
The rear fixed group 300 is a positive focal power aspheric diffraction AMTIR1 lens; the front surface of which is an aspherical diffractive surface.
The second convergence group 500 is a positive power aspheric silicon lens, the front surface of which is aspheric;
the cubic imaging group 700 is composed of a cubic imaging first lens 701, a cubic imaging second lens 702 and a cubic imaging third lens 703. The third imaging first lens 701 is a meniscus silicon lens of positive power bent to the image side. The third imaging second lens 702 is a negative power meniscus calcium fluoride lens curved toward the image side. The third lens for tertiary imaging 703 is a meniscus aspherical germanium lens of positive power bent to the image side, and the rear surface thereof is aspherical.
The biggest characteristics of the infrared two-gear zoom area array scanning optical system of this patent are exactly: through the movement of the single element, two focal lengths and aberration balance of the galvanometer in different angle states of the return swing are realized, and clear imaging in the scanning process is ensured; meanwhile, when the planar array scanning is carried out in two focal length states, the registration in the full field of view range can be ensured, and the image is kept stable. The distance of the single component is finely adjusted front and back, and the working temperature compensation between minus 30 ℃ and plus 60 ℃ and the focusing of the imaging at different distances are realized simultaneously. The optical system has the advantages of searching, tracking, large and small field switching, wide working temperature range and clear imaging distance range. The method is mainly applied to an infrared search tracking system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an infrared two-stage zoom area array scanning small field of view optical system; wherein 100 is a front fixed group, 200 is a zoom group, 300 is a rear fixed group, 400 is a galvanometer, 500 is a secondary convergence group, 600 is a turning reflector, 700 is a tertiary imaging group, 800 is a window, 900 is an aperture diaphragm, and 1000 is an image plane;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an infrared two-step zoom area array scanning large field of view optical system;
FIG. 3 is a plot of MTF for a 45.0 wide field of view of the galvanometer;
FIG. 4 is a field curvature and distortion diagram of a galvanometer at 45.0 deg. large field of view; wherein: FIG. 1 is a distortion diagram, and FIG. 2 is a field curvature diagram;
FIG. 5 is a graph of MTF for a large field of view with the galvanometer positioned at 44.35;
FIG. 6 is a graph of field curvature and distortion for a 44.35 ° large field of view; wherein: FIG. 1 is a distortion diagram, and FIG. 2 is a field curvature diagram;
FIG. 7 is a plot of MTF for a galvanometer at a large field of view of 45.65;
FIG. 8 is a field curvature and distortion plot of a galvanometer at 45.65 deg. wide field of view; wherein: FIG. 1 is a distortion diagram, and FIG. 2 is a field curvature diagram;
FIG. 9 is a graph of MTF for a galvanometer at 45.0 deg. small field;
FIG. 10 is a view of field curvature and distortion of a galvanometer at 45.0 deg. small field of view; wherein: FIG. 1 is a distortion diagram, and FIG. 2 is a field curvature diagram;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the MTF for a galvanometer at 44.35 small field;
FIG. 12 is a view of field curvature and distortion of the galvanometer at 44.35 ° for a small field of view; wherein: FIG. 1 is a distortion diagram, and FIG. 2 is a field curvature diagram;
FIG. 13 is a graph of MTF for a galvanometer at a small field of view of 45.65;
FIG. 14 is a view of field curvature and distortion of a galvanometer at 45.65 degrees; wherein: FIG. 1 is a distortion diagram, and FIG. 2 is a field curvature diagram;
FIG. 15 is a graph of MTF for a large field of view object at 2.36mm forward of the 10 meter zoom group;
FIG. 16 is a graph of MTF for a small field of view object at a distance of 10 meters from the zoom group moving back 6.4 mm;
FIG. 17 is a graph of MTF for a large field of view object distance-30 ℃ zoom group moved forward by 4.7 mm;
FIG. 18 is a graph of MTF for a small field of view at-30 ℃ zoom group shift backward by 2.3 mm;
FIG. 19 is a graph of MTF for a large field of view +60 ℃ zoom group shifted backward by 4.0 mm;
FIG. 20 is a graph of MTF for a small field of view +60 ℃ zoom group moved forward by 1.9 mm;
Detailed Description
This patent is now further described with reference to the examples, and the accompanying drawings:
according to the schematic diagram of the attached figure 1, the zoom ratio of the infrared two-gear area array scanning optical system is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the F number of the infrared system ranges from: 2.0 is less than or equal to F/#isless than or equal to 5.5; the following description will be made by taking an infrared two-step zoom area array scanning optical system with a focal length variation range of 73mm/180mm as an example.
The infrared two-gear zoom area array scanning optical system is matched with a refrigeration type infrared detector, and the detector array is 640 multiplied by 512; the pixel size is 15 μm; short focal length of the focal length system is f173mm long focal length f2The zoom ratio of the system is 180 mm: f ═ f2/f12.47; the corresponding optical field coverage is from 7.5 ° × 6.0 ° to 3.1 ° × 2.4 °, with an F-number constant of 2 throughout the zoom range. The optical system adopts a structural form of refraction-diffraction mixed transmission type three-time imaging and has 100% cold diaphragm efficiency. The optical system has a volume of 300mm × 200mm × 100 mm. Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are schematic diagrams of the position of the large field of view 73mm and the position of the small field of view 180mm respectively.
The specific optical parameters are as follows:
infrared two-gear zoom area array scanning large-view-field optical parameter table
Infrared two-gear zoom area array scanning small visual field optical parameter table
Technical features not described in the present patent may be implemented by the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein. The above description is only an example of the present patent and is not intended to limit the present patent, and the present patent is not limited to the above examples, and variations, modifications, additions and substitutions, such as a corresponding change in lens material or an increase in the number of lenses in a lens set, which are made by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the present patent, shall fall within the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an infrared two grades of zoom area array scanning optical system, includes preceding fixed group (100), zooms group (200), back fixed group (300), galvanometer (400), secondary convergence group (500), turning speculum (600), cubic imaging group (700), window (800), aperture diaphragm (900), image plane (1000), its characterized in that:
imaging light beams from an object space sequentially pass through a front fixing group (100), a zooming group (200) and a rear fixing group (300) to become parallel light beams, are bent by a vibrating mirror (400), pass through a secondary convergence group (500), a bending reflector (600), a tertiary imaging group (700), a window (800) and an aperture diaphragm (900), and are imaged on an image plane;
the zoom group (200) moves along an optical axis between the front fixed group (100) and the rear fixed group (300), and when the zoom group is close to the position of the front fixed group (100), the focal length of the optical system is short focus; when the rear fixed group (300) is close, the focal length of the system is long focus, and two-gear focal length of the optical system is realized through the movement of two positions of the zooming group (200);
the zoom group (200) moves along the direction of an optical axis for fine adjustment, so that the focusing function of different object distances is realized, and the clear imaging range of the optical system covers 10 meters to infinity;
the zoom group (200) moves along the optical axis direction for fine adjustment, and compensates the focus drift of the optical system at different working temperatures, so that the image quality is good and the position of the focus is unchanged when the optical system is at different working temperatures within the range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃;
short focal length of the system is f1Focal length of tele is f2The zoom ratio of the system is as follows: f ═ f2/f1(ii) a The zoom ratio range of the system is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the F number of the infrared system ranges from: 2.0 is less than or equal to F/#isless than or equal to 5.5;
the rear fixed group (300) is a positive lens, a telescopic system is formed by the front fixed group (100), the zooming group (200) and the rear fixed group (300), rays from infinity pass through the front three groups and then exit as parallel rays, and the exit pupil of the rear fixed group is positioned at the position of the galvanometer (400); the optical system entrance pupil position is positioned on the front surface of the front fixed first lens (101);
the aperture diaphragm (900) is superposed with the cold diaphragm in the infrared detector matched with the system, and the apertures are the same;
the angle between the turning reflector (600) and the light path is 45 degrees, and the light path is turned by 90 degrees;
the galvanometer (400) is positioned in the parallel light path; has two working states: a locking state and a reciprocating scanning state; when the galvanometer (400) is in a locked state, the galvanometer is placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis of the telescope, and the light path is turned by 90 degrees; the optical system is applied to a gaze tracking mode for twice zooming, when the galvanometer (400) is in a reciprocating scanning state, the optical system is applied to a periodic scanning search mode, the reciprocating scanning of the galvanometer is used for compensating the movement of an object plane within the exposure time caused by the scanning rotation of the platform, and the image is kept clear; optical systemThe system can be applied to a sweep search mode in the state of two focal lengths α1For the effective back swing scan half angle of the galvanometer (400) when the system is in a short focus state, α2α effective backswing scan half angle of galvanometer (400) when the system is in a long focus state1、α2The following formula is satisfied:
in the above formula, τ is the integration time of the detector, V1Sweeping speed for short focal platform, β1The zoom lens is the magnification of a telescopic system consisting of a front fixed group (100), a zoom group (200) and a rear fixed group (300) in a short-focus state; v2Sweeping speed for tele platform, β2The zoom lens is the magnification of a telescopic system consisting of a front fixed group (100), a zoom group (200) and a rear fixed group (300) in a long-focus state.
2. The infrared two-stage zoom area array scanning optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front fixed group (100) consists of a front fixed first lens (101) and a front fixed second lens (102); the front fixed first lens (101) is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image side; the front fixed second lens (102) is a meniscus type aspheric germanium lens with negative focal power and bending towards the image side, and the front surface of the front fixed second lens is an aspheric surface.
3. The infrared two-stage zoom area array scanning optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zooming group (200) consists of a zooming first lens (201) and a zooming second lens (202); the first zoom lens (201) is a meniscus barium fluoride lens with negative focal power and bending towards an object, and the second zoom lens (202) is a meniscus aspheric germanium lens with positive focal power and bending towards the object.
4. The infrared two-stage zoom area array scanning optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear fixed group (300) is a positive focal power aspheric diffraction AMTIR1 lens; the front surface of which is an aspherical diffractive surface.
5. The infrared two-stage zoom area array scanning optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary convergence group (500) is a positive power aspheric silicon lens, the front surface of which is aspheric.
6. The infrared two-stage zoom area array scanning optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cubic imaging group (700) consists of a cubic imaging first lens (701), a cubic imaging second lens (702) and a cubic imaging third lens (703); the third imaging first lens (701) is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image side; the third imaging second lens (702) is a meniscus calcium fluoride lens with negative focal power and bent to the image side; the third lens (703) for tertiary imaging is a meniscus aspherical germanium lens with positive power bent to the image side, and the rear surface thereof is aspherical.
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| CN112180571A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Common-aperture infrared dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system |
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| CN112180571A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Common-aperture infrared dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system |
| CN112180571B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-08-17 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Common-aperture infrared dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system |
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