CN210711689U - Antimony metal extraction system - Google Patents
Antimony metal extraction system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210711689U CN210711689U CN201920871109.0U CN201920871109U CN210711689U CN 210711689 U CN210711689 U CN 210711689U CN 201920871109 U CN201920871109 U CN 201920871109U CN 210711689 U CN210711689 U CN 210711689U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an antimony metal's extraction system. The extraction system comprises: the unit that volatilizees, dust arrester installation and the reduction unit that feeds through the setting in proper order, the reduction unit is electrode heating reduction unit, and it includes: the device comprises a reduction device, a first electrode lifting device and a first pressure supply device, wherein the reduction device is provided with a first smelting tank, the reduction device is provided with an antimony-containing dust inlet and a reducing agent inlet, the antimony-containing dust inlet and the reducing agent inlet are both communicated with the first smelting tank, and the antimony-containing dust inlet is communicated with a dust collection device; the first electrode lifting device is provided with at least two first electrodes, and the depth of the first electrodes in the first smelting tank can be adjusted by the first electrode lifting device; and the first voltage supply device is used for supplying voltage to the first electrode. The extraction system of antimony metal not only can provide a novel antimony smelting production method with high efficiency, energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can improve the extraction rate of antimony metal.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metal smelting field particularly, relates to an antimony metal's extraction system.
Background
Antimony sulfide concentrate is treated by a pyrometallurgical antimony smelting process in antimony smelting plants with the concentration of more than 95% in China, and the antimony sulfide concentrate is volatilized and roasted or volatilized and smelted to produce Sb2O3Then to Sb2O3And carrying out reduction smelting and refining to produce the metallic antimony. The volatilization efficiency of the antimony sulfide concentrate is the most important link which directly influences the economic indexes of antimony smelting technology. The existing smelting process of antimony metal is mainly divided into the following steps:
(1) reduction smelting process by adopting blast furnace volatilization smelting-reverberatory furnace
Blast furnace volatilization smelting-reverberatory furnace reduction smelting and refining are the main processes for antimony smelting in China at present. The process mainly utilizes Sb in the antimony concentrate2O3And Sb2S3Sb being volatile and volatile2S3Is easy to be O in the air2Oxidized to form Sb2O3And (4) characteristics. Blowing air into the furnace, reacting with coke violently and releasing a large amount of heat energy to make the furnace charge in a melt state, volatilizing antimony sulfide in the concentrate at high temperature preferentially to enter a gas phase, oxidizing in flue gas flow to generate antimony oxide, and collecting in a condensing system. Gangue in the concentrate and a slagging flux are subjected to slagging reaction, so that antimony is separated from the gangue. The antimony oxide powder is reduced and smelted by a reverberatory furnace to obtain crude antimony, and the crude antimony contains impurities such as iron, arsenic, lead, sulfur and the like, so that qualified metal antimony can be obtained only by refining and impurity removal, and the refining of the crude antimony and the reduction of the antimony oxide powder are carried out in the same reverberatory furnace.
Although the blast furnace volatile smelting-reverberatory furnace reduction smelting process is mature and has wide application range, the process is complex to operate and has high requirements on mineral aggregate, and is only suitable for treating dry lump ore containing more than 40 percent of antimony; the smelting needs more flux, the coke rate is 30-45% of the concentrate amount, so the slag rate is high, the return charge is more, and a large amount of energy loss is caused; meanwhile, the smoke amount is large, the smoke generation rate is high, and the heat taken away by a large amount of smoke accounts for 60 percent of the total heat; SO (SO)2The concentration is low, which is not beneficial to the subsequent acid preparation and directly discharges to pollute the environment.
(2) Adding chemical waste as reducing agent
The prior document provides an antimony smelting method, which uses chemical antimony-like waste containing antimony as a reducing agent, uniformly stirs the reducing agent with antimony oxide powder, and then melts the reducing agent and the antimony oxide powder in an antimony smelting furnace to produce refined antimony. The technology disclosed by the patent can reduce the environmental pollution problem caused by coal, avoid the generation of a large amount of waste residues caused by 20-30% of ash in a reducing agent, comprehensively recover valuable metals such as antimony and the like, and improve the production efficiency.
The chemical waste is used as a reducing agent to smelt antimony, so that the energy consumption can be reduced, the environmental pollution is solved to a certain extent, but the annual output of the chemical antimony residual waste containing antimony is low, and the industrial-grade production requirement is difficult to meet.
(3) Smelting process adopting oxygen-enriched molten pool
By adopting the smelting method of the process, the dried antimony concentrate is processed into antimony concentrate powder, and the antimony concentrate powder is processed by utilizing a gas injection molten pool smelting furnace, so that liquid antimony and reducing slag are obtained. Spraying the mixed coal powder of the concentrate and oxygen-enriched air into a smelting pool, and adding a fusing agent into the smelting pool of the oxidation smelting furnace; and carrying out reduction smelting on the liquid high-antimony slag in a reduction furnace so as to obtain liquid antimony and reduction slag. The method obviously improves the smelting efficiency of the antimony concentrate and reduces the energy consumption.
The antimony concentrate smelting process in the oxygen-enriched molten pool mainly utilizes injected oxygen to react with sulfide to release heat to maintain the balance of heat in the furnace, but the boiling point of antimony sulfide is lower, so that sulfide in the molten pool is continuously reduced, and the heat released by the reaction of sulfide and oxygen is also continuously reduced, so that the heat released by the reaction of sulfide is difficult to maintain the smelting requirement; in order to meet the heat balance in the molten pool, a large amount of gas needs to be blown in, SO that the flue gas volume is large, the heat taken away is large, and SO in the flue gas2The concentration is low, which is not beneficial to the subsequent acid making process and the direct discharge of environmental pollution is serious; meanwhile, the sulfide needs to absorb certain heat in the evaporation process, so that the temperature of a molten pool in a sub-region in the furnace can be continuously reduced, the viscosity of slag is increased due to the reduction of the temperature, the metallurgical dynamic condition in the molten pool is worsened, the molten pool is difficult to stir by gas injection, and the heat conduction capability of antimony is weaker and the heat conduction is lessSo that the heat distribution in the molten pool is not uniform and the smelting operation is difficult.
(4) And (4) carrying out volatilization smelting by adopting an electric heating device.
Processing the dried antimony concentrate into antimony concentrate powder, and then sequentially carrying out volatilization smelting and reduction smelting on antimony-containing materials by an electric heating furnace so as to obtain liquid antimony and reducing slag. Compared with the processes, the method can improve the smelting efficiency of the antimony concentrate and reduce the discharge amount of the molten slag. However, the electrical conductivity of the metal antimony is poor, so that the effect of extracting the metal antimony by the method is still not ideal.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model mainly aims to provide an antimony metal extraction system to solve the problem of low antimony metal extraction rate of the existing antimony metal smelting method.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided an extraction system of antimony metal, comprising: the unit that volatilizees, dust arrester installation and the reduction unit that feeds through the setting in proper order, the reduction unit is electrode heating reduction unit, and it includes: the device comprises a reduction device, a first electrode lifting device and a first pressure supply device, wherein the reduction device is provided with a first smelting tank, the reduction device is provided with an antimony-containing dust inlet and a reducing agent inlet, the antimony-containing dust inlet and the reducing agent inlet are both communicated with the first smelting tank, and the antimony-containing dust inlet is communicated with a dust collection device; the first electrode lifting device is provided with at least two first electrodes, and the depth of the first electrodes in the first smelting tank can be adjusted; and the first voltage supply device is used for supplying voltage to the first electrode.
Further, the reduction unit also comprises a first temperature detection device, and the first temperature detection device is used for detecting the temperature in the first smelting pool.
Further, the volatilization unit is an electrode heating volatilization unit, and the volatilization unit comprises: the volatilization device is provided with a second smelting tank, the volatilization device is provided with a feeding port and an antimony-containing smoke outlet, the feeding port and the antimony-containing smoke outlet are both communicated with the second smelting tank, the feeding port is used for feeding antimony-containing materials, and the antimony-containing smoke outlet is communicated with the dust collection device; the second electrode lifting device is provided with at least two second electrodes, and the depth of the second electrodes in the second smelting pool can be adjusted; and the voltage supply device is used for supplying voltage to the second electrode.
Further, the volatilization unit also comprises a second temperature detection device, and the second temperature detection device is used for detecting the temperature in the second smelting pool.
Furthermore, the extraction system also comprises an antimony-containing material supply device, wherein the antimony-containing material supply device is provided with an antimony-containing material supply port, and the antimony-containing material supply port is communicated with the feed inlet.
Further, the extraction system further comprises a crushing and screening device, the crushing and screening device is provided with a screening material inlet and a screening material outlet, the screening material inlet is communicated with the antimony-containing material supply port, and the screening material outlet is communicated with the feed inlet.
Further, the extraction system further comprises a drying device, and the drying device is arranged on a flow path between the screening material inlet and the antimony-containing material supply port.
Further, the dust collecting device is a waste heat boiler.
Use the technical scheme of the utility model, this application is through the depth of insertion of first electrode hoisting device control first electrode in first smelting pond to this adjusts the temperature of smelting through the current density and the reduction of antimony-containing dust. The method can ensure that the antimony-containing dust is subjected to a reduction smelting process under relatively stable and relatively high current density, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the metallic antimony and further being beneficial to improving the extraction rate of the final metallic antimony. Meanwhile, in the electrode heating reduction smelting process, only a small amount of coke and crushed coal are added at the beginning of smelting to play the roles of heating and melting pool creation, and no additional auxiliary fuel or gas is needed to be added. The extraction system is adopted to treat antimony-containing materials, so that on one hand, equipment and operation flow can be simplified, and investment cost is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the use of fossil fuel can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; tail gas SO2High concentration, and is favorable to recovering acidSolving the problem of environmental pollution caused by antimony smelting; less flux is added in the smelting process, so that a large amount of waste residues can be avoided, and the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, the extraction system of the antimony metal not only can provide a novel antimony smelting production method with high efficiency, energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can improve the extraction rate of the antimony metal.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an extraction system for antimony-containing material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a volatilization unit provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a reduction unit provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a volatilization unit; 11. a volatilization device; 12. a second electrode lifting device; 13. a second electrode; 14. a second pressure supply device; 15. a second temperature detection device;
20. a dust collecting device;
30. a reduction unit; 31. a reduction device; 32. a first electrode lifting device; 33. a first electrode; 34. a first pressure supply device; 35. a first temperature detection device;
40. a supply of antimony-containing material; 50. a crushing and screening device; 60. and (7) a drying device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the existing antimony metal smelting method has the problem of low extraction rate of antimony metal. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides an antimony metal extraction system, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the extraction system includes a volatilization unit 10, a dust collection device 20, and a reduction unit 30, which are sequentially connected, wherein the reduction unit 30 is an electrode heating reduction unit, and includes: a reduction unit 31, a first electrode elevating unit 32, and a first pressure supplying unit 34. The reduction device 31 is provided with a first smelting tank, the reduction device 31 is provided with an antimony-containing dust inlet and a reducing agent inlet, the antimony-containing dust inlet and the reducing agent inlet are both communicated with the first smelting tank, and the antimony-containing dust inlet is communicated with the dust collecting device 20; the first electrode lifting device 32 is provided with at least two first electrodes 33, and the depth of the first electrodes 33 in the first smelting pool can be adjusted; and a first voltage supply device 34 for supplying a voltage to the first electrode 33.
Antimony-containing materials are treated by a volatilization unit 10 to obtain antimony-containing flue gas, then the antimony-containing flue gas is subjected to dust collection by a dust collection device 20 to obtain antimony-containing dust, and finally the antimony-containing dust is reduced by a reduction unit 30 to obtain metallic antimony. During the reduction smelting process, a first electrode 33 is inserted into the antimony-containing dust in the first smelting tank by a first electrode lifting device 32, so that the first electrode 33, the antimony-containing dust, the reducing agent and a first pressure supply device 34 form an electric closed loop. And then heating the antimony-containing dust and the reducing agent in an electrode arcing discharge mode to realize reduction smelting of the antimony concentrate to obtain the metal antimony.
Because of the poor conductivity of metallic antimony, reports of heating reduction smelting of antimony-containing materials by means of electrode arcing are not seen in the field. In order to overcome the above technical problems, the present application controls the insertion depth of the first electrode 33 in the first smelting tank by the first electrode elevating means 32, thereby adjusting the current density through the antimony-containing dust and the temperature of the reduction smelting. The method can ensure that the antimony-containing dust is subjected to a reduction smelting process under relatively stable and relatively high current density, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the metallic antimony and further being beneficial to improving the extraction rate of the final metallic antimony. Meanwhile, in the electrode heating reduction smelting process, only a small amount of coke and crushed coal are added at the beginning of smelting to raise the temperature and manufactureThe molten pool acts without adding additional auxiliary fuel or gas. The extraction system is adopted to treat antimony-containing materials, so that on one hand, equipment and operation flow can be simplified, and investment cost is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the use of fossil fuel can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; tail gas SO2The concentration is high, which is beneficial to recycling acid and solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by antimony smelting; less flux is added in the smelting process, so that a large amount of waste residues can be avoided, and the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, the extraction system of the antimony metal not only can provide a novel antimony smelting production method with high efficiency, energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can improve the extraction rate of the antimony metal.
In order to better detect the temperature of the reduction smelting process, it is preferred that the reduction unit 30 further comprises a first temperature detection device 35, as shown in fig. 3, the first temperature detection device 35 being used for detecting the temperature in the first smelting tank. When the temperature of the first smelting tank fluctuates, the insertion depth of the first electrode 33 in the antimony-containing dust can be adjusted, so that the antimony-containing dust is subjected to reduction smelting at a relatively stable temperature. Therefore, the first temperature detection device 35 inserted into the first smelting pool can better control the reduction smelting temperature, thereby being beneficial to improving the reduction efficiency of the antimony metal and the extraction rate of the metal antimony.
The extracting device has the advantages of energy conservation, high efficiency, high antimony metal extraction rate and the like, and the volatilization unit 10 can adopt a volatilization device 11 commonly used in the field, such as a blast furnace, an electric heating furnace and the like, and mainly realizes the function of volatilization smelting. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the volatilization unit 10 is an electrode-heated volatilization unit. The volatilization unit 10 comprises: the device comprises a volatilization device 11, a second electrode lifting device 12 and a second pressure supply device 14, wherein the volatilization device 11 is provided with a second smelting tank, the volatilization device 11 is provided with a feeding port and an antimony-containing flue gas outlet, the feeding port and the antimony-containing flue gas outlet are both communicated with the second smelting tank, the feeding port is used for feeding antimony-containing materials, and the antimony-containing flue gas outlet is communicated with a dust collection device 20; the second electrode lifting device 12 is provided with at least two second electrodes 13, and the depth of the second electrodes 13 in the second smelting pool can be adjusted; and voltage supply means for supplying a voltage to the second electrode 13.
In the volatilization smelting process, the second electrode 13 is inserted into the antimony-containing material to be treated, so that the second electrode 13, the second smelting pool and the second pressure supply device 14 form an electric closed loop. And then heating the antimony-containing material in an electrode arcing discharge mode to realize volatilization treatment of the antimony concentrate to obtain the antimony-containing flue gas.
The insertion depth of the second electrode 13 in the second smelting pool is controlled by the second electrode lifting device 12, so as to adjust the current density of the antimony-containing material and the temperature of the volatilization smelting. Therefore, the antimony-containing material can be volatilized and smelted under relatively stable and relatively high current density, so that the volatilization efficiency of the metal antimony can be greatly improved, and the extraction rate of the final metal antimony can be improved. Meanwhile, in the electrode heating volatilization smelting process, only a small amount of coke and crushed coal are added at the beginning of smelting to play the roles of heating and melting pool creation, and no additional auxiliary fuel or gas is needed to be added. The extraction system is adopted to treat the antimony-containing material, and is favorable for further improving the high efficiency and environmental protection of the antimony-containing material extraction system.
In the volatilization smelting process, the charging opening can be used for adding all reaction raw materials required by the process, such as antimony-containing materials, flux, fuel and the like.
In order to better detect the temperature of the volatilisation smelting process, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the volatilisation unit 10 further comprises second temperature detection means 15, the second temperature detection means 15 being arranged to detect the temperature in the second smelting bath. When the temperature of the second smelting tank fluctuates, the insertion depth of the second electrode 13 in the antimony-containing material can be adjusted, so that the antimony-containing material is smelted at a stable temperature. Therefore, the second temperature detection device 15 inserted into the second smelting pool can better control the smelting temperature, thereby being beneficial to improving the volatilization efficiency of the antimony metal.
In order to improve the electrode heating efficiency and the smelting efficiency while protecting the furnace bottom lining, it is preferable to add a certain amount of dry ore and coke before the start of smelting, whether it is the volatilization smelting or the reduction smelting, to form a molten bath 50cm deep.
After smelting begins, the liquid level of molten liquid rises continuously along with the continuous addition of reaction raw materials, the current change is obvious at the moment, and the depth of an electrode inserted into a molten pool and the heating power are adjusted in real time to play a role in stabilizing the current. After the charging is finished, when the current has larger change again, the smelting in the furnace is nearly finished, the electrode heating is stopped, and the volatilization time or the precipitation time is kept for half an hour.
In order to improve the automation degree of the whole extraction system, preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the extraction system further comprises an antimony-containing material supply device 40, wherein the antimony-containing material supply device 40 is provided with an antimony-containing material supply port, and the antimony-containing material supply port is communicated with the feed port.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the extraction system further comprises a crushing and screening device 50, wherein the crushing and screening device 50 is provided with a screened material inlet and a screened material outlet, the screened material inlet is communicated with the antimony-containing material supply port, and the screened material outlet is communicated with the feeding port. Set up crushing and screening device 50 and can carry out the breakage with containing antimony material, improve the reaction area who volatilizees and smelt containing antimony material in-process to improve antimony element's volatility, and then improve antimony element's rate of recovery.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in figure 1, the extraction system further comprises a drying device 60, the drying device 60 being disposed in the flow path between the sieve material inlet and the antimony-containing material supply.
The antimony-containing material such as antimony sulfide concentrate or mixed antimony concentrate is dried in a low-temperature heating environment, so that the moisture content in the mineral aggregate can be reduced, and the influence on the smelting process caused by taking away a large amount of heat due to steam evaporation in the smelting process is inhibited.
Preferably, the dust collecting device 20 is a waste heat boiler. And in the heat exchange process, after the antimony-containing flue gas is conveyed to the ascending flue, the antimony-containing flue gas passes through the convection area of the waste heat boiler and is cooled, and antimony-containing dust is obtained.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a method for extracting antimony metal, in which the above extraction system is used to perform smelting treatment on antimony-containing material, the antimony-containing material including antimony sulfide, and the extraction method includes: volatilizing and smelting the antimony-containing material in a volatilization unit to obtain antimony-containing flue gas; collecting dust of the antimony-containing flue gas in a dust collecting device 20 to obtain antimony-containing dust; and conveying the antimony-containing dust to the reduction unit 30, inserting a first electrode 33 into a first smelting pool of the reduction unit 30 through a first electrode lifting device 32, and applying voltage to the first electrode 33 by adopting a first pressure supply device 34 to reduce and smelt the antimony-containing dust to obtain metal antimony.
The present application controls the depth of insertion of the first electrode 33 in the first smelting tank by means of the first electrode lifting device 32, thereby regulating the current density through the antimony-bearing dust and the temperature of the reduction smelting. The method can ensure that the antimony-containing dust is subjected to a reduction smelting process under relatively stable and relatively high current density, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the metallic antimony and further being beneficial to improving the extraction rate of the final metallic antimony. Meanwhile, in the electrode heating reduction smelting process, only a small amount of coke and crushed coal are added at the beginning of smelting to play the roles of heating and melting pool creation, and no additional auxiliary fuel or gas is needed to be added. The extraction system is adopted to treat antimony-containing materials, so that on one hand, equipment and operation flow can be simplified, and investment cost is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the use of fossil fuel can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; tail gas SO2The concentration is high, which is beneficial to recycling acid and solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by antimony smelting; less flux is added in the smelting process, so that a large amount of waste residues can be avoided, and the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, the extraction system of the antimony metal not only can provide a novel antimony smelting production method with high efficiency, energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can improve the extraction rate of the antimony metal.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the reduction smelting is 1000-1200 ℃. The temperature of the reduction smelting includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and it is preferable to limit the temperature to the above range to further improve the reduction rate of the antimony-containing dust and the extraction rate of the finally obtained metallic antimony.
In a preferred embodiment, during the reduction smelting process, the voltage is 50-100V, and the current is 0.6-1.5 KA. The voltage and current during the reduction smelting process include, but are not limited to, the above ranges, and the limitation thereof facilitates more rapid and smooth raising of the temperature of the antimony-containing dust to the target temperature, thereby facilitating reduction of the time for the reduction smelting.
In a preferred embodiment, the volatizing smelting process includes: and conveying the antimony-containing material to a volatilization unit, inserting a second electrode 13 into a second smelting pool through a second electrode lifting device, and applying voltage to the second electrode 13 by adopting a second pressure supply device 14 so as to volatilize the antimony-containing material to obtain antimony-containing flue gas.
The insertion depth of the second electrode 13 in the second smelting pool is controlled by the second electrode lifting device 12, so as to adjust the current density of the antimony-containing material and the temperature of the volatilization smelting. Therefore, the antimony-containing material can be volatilized and smelted under relatively stable and relatively high current density, so that the volatilization efficiency of the metal antimony can be greatly improved, and the extraction rate of the final metal antimony can be improved. Meanwhile, in the electrode heating volatilization smelting process, only a small amount of coke and crushed coal are added at the beginning of smelting to play the roles of heating and melting pool creation, and no additional auxiliary fuel or gas is needed to be added. The extraction system is adopted to treat the antimony-containing material, and is favorable for further improving the high efficiency and environmental protection of the antimony-containing material extraction system.
The antimony-containing material is smelted by the extraction method, so that the extraction rate of antimony metal is improved. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the volatilization smelting is 1300-1400 ℃. If the temperature of the molten pool is too high, the furnace lining of the first smelting pool can be damaged, and meanwhile, energy waste can be caused; and the temperature is too low, the viscosity of slag is high, the melt fluidity in the furnace is poor, and the smooth volatilization and smelting are not facilitated. Sb in antimony concentrate at the above-mentioned temperature2O3And Sb2S3Continuously volatilizes and enters the smoke. No additional auxiliary fuel and gas are added, SO is collected after the smoke dust in the smoke gas is collected2The concentration is high, and the acid can directly enter the acid making process flow. The temperature of the simultaneous volatilization smelting includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and the limitation of the temperature in the above range is beneficial to further increase the antimony element in the antimony-containing materialThe volatilization efficiency of the element and the extraction rate of the final metal antimony.
In a preferred embodiment, during the heating and volatilizing process of the electrode, the voltage is 80-200V, and the current is 1.0-2.0 KA. The voltage and current during the electrode heating volatilization process include, but are not limited to, the above ranges, and the limitation of the voltage and current within the above ranges is favorable for raising the temperature of the antimony-containing material to the target temperature more quickly and smoothly, thereby being favorable for shortening the smelting time.
In order to protect the land and the lining of the smelting unit, in a preferred embodiment the first electrode 33 is at a minimum distance of 10cm or more from the bottom of the first smelting tank and the second electrode 13 is at a minimum distance of 20cm or more from the bottom of the second smelting tank.
In order to further improve the uniformity of the current in the smelting process, in a preferred embodiment, the distance between the adjacent first electrodes 33 is 20-30 cm; in a preferred embodiment, the distance between the adjacent second electrodes 13 is 20-30 cm.
Limiting the distance between the adjacent first electrodes 33 and the distance between the adjacent second electrodes 13 within the above range is advantageous for further improving the efficiency of the volatilization melting or reduction melting process, and is further advantageous for improving the extraction rate of antimony metal.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
The compositions of the antimony-containing materials in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were as follows: the antimony-containing material comprises 1000kg of antimony-containing concentrate, 100kg of lime and 100kg of hematite. The composition of the antimony-containing concentrate is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Mixed mineral aggregate | Sb | FeO | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | S |
| Content/% | 40 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 2 | 20 |
Example 1
The antimony smelting production process is carried out by the device shown in figure 1. The antimony smelting production process is divided into two stages of electrothermal volatilization and electrothermal reduction, and the antimony-containing material is smelted in the two stages by adopting a heating mode of electrode arcing.
In the electrothermal volatilization stage, 100kg of dry mineral aggregate and 4kg of coke are added firstly, and the raw materials are heated by adopting an electrode arcing discharge mode to form a bottom molten pool. Keeping the distance between the electrode and the furnace bottom to be 10cm, and starting constant-speed feeding after the current is stable and the furnace temperature is 1200 ℃. After the electrodes are electrified, the input power is adjusted according to the temperature in the furnace, the stable input power is kept, the voltage is adjusted to be 100V, the current value is maintained to be 1KA by adjusting the insertion depth, the furnace temperature is guaranteed to be increased to 1400 ℃ within half an hour, the electrode heating time is 2h, the electrodes are lifted and placed for 30min after the electrode heating is finished, slag is discharged, and the electric heating volatilization process is finished at the stage.
And (3) collecting dust of the antimony-containing flue gas by a dust collecting device 20 (waste heat boiler), and cooling to 600 ℃ to obtain antimony-containing dust.
In the electric heating reduction stage, 100kg of antimony oxide material and 3kg of coke are added firstly, and the raw materials are heated by adopting an electrode arcing discharge mode to form a bottom molten pool. Keeping the distance between the electrode and the furnace bottom to be 8cm, and starting constant-speed feeding after the current is stable and the furnace temperature is 600 ℃. After the electrodes are electrified, the input power is adjusted according to the temperature in the furnace, the voltage is adjusted to 80V, the current value is maintained at 1KA by adjusting the insertion depth, the input power is 80KW, and the furnace temperature is ensured to be rapidly increased to 800 ℃. If the temperature continuously rises, the voltage can be reduced to 60V, the insertion depth is adjusted to still maintain the current at 1KA, and the input power is ensured to be within 60 KW. The electrode heating time is 2h, after the electrode heating is finished, the electrode is lifted and stands for 30min, slag begins to be discharged, and the electric heating reduction process is finished at the stage.
The whole process has stable current, fast temperature rise, low viscosity of high-temperature slag, no obvious burning loss of furnace lining, antimony content in slag lower than 0.5 wt%, antimony oxide content in smoke higher than 75 wt%, antimony sulfide concentrate volatilization rate up to 95 wt%, antimony metal extraction rate up to 99%, and metallic antimony grade up to 97%.
Example 2
The antimony smelting production process is carried out by the device shown in figure 1. The antimony smelting production process is divided into two stages of electrothermal volatilization and electrothermal reduction, and the antimony-containing material is smelted in the two stages by adopting a heating mode of electrode arcing.
In the stage of electric heating, 100kg of dry mineral aggregate and 4kg of coke are added firstly, and the raw materials are heated by adopting an electrode arcing discharge mode to form a bottom molten pool. Keeping the distance between the electrode and the furnace bottom to be 8cm, and starting constant-speed feeding after the current is stable and the furnace temperature is 1100 ℃. After the electrode is electrified, the input power is adjusted according to the temperature in the furnace, the voltage is adjusted to 80V, the current value is maintained at 1KA by adjusting the insertion depth, the input power is ensured to be 80KW, and the temperature of the furnace is increased to 1400 ℃ within 45 min. If the temperature is difficult to reach, the voltage is increased to 100V, the insertion depth is adjusted to maintain the current at 1KA, and the input power is 100 KW. The electrode heating time is 2.5h, after the electrode heating is finished, the electrode is lifted and is kept stand for 30min, slag begins to be discharged, and the electric heating volatilization process is finished at the stage.
And (3) collecting dust of the antimony-containing flue gas by a dust collecting device 20 (waste heat boiler), and cooling to 700 ℃ to obtain antimony-containing dust.
In the electric heating reduction stage, 100kg of antimony oxide material and 3kg of coke are added firstly, and the raw materials are heated by adopting an electrode arcing discharge mode to form a bottom molten pool. Keeping the distance between the electrode and the furnace bottom to be 10cm, and starting constant-speed feeding after the current is stable and the furnace temperature is 700 ℃. After the electrodes are electrified, the input power is adjusted according to the temperature in the furnace, the voltage is adjusted to 60V, the current value is maintained at 1KA by adjusting the insertion depth, the input power is 60KW, and the furnace temperature is guaranteed to be increased to 800 ℃ within 30 min. If the temperature is difficult to continuously rise, the current can still be maintained at 1KA by increasing the voltage to 80V and adjusting the insertion depth. The electrode heating time is 2.5h, after the electrode heating is finished, the electrode is lifted and is kept stand for 30min, slag begins to be discharged, and the electric heating reduction process is finished at the stage.
The whole process has stable current, the temperature is slowly increased due to the use of lower voltage load, the viscosity of the slag is large, the slag discharging operation difficulty is increased, the furnace lining has no obvious burning loss, the content of antimony in the slag is lower than 0.7 wt%, the content of antimony oxide in the smoke dust is 70 wt%, the volatilization rate of antimony sulfide concentrate can reach 93 wt%, the extraction rate of antimony metal is 96%, and the grade of metal antimony is 95%.
Example 3
The antimony smelting production process is carried out by the device shown in figure 1. The antimony smelting production process is divided into two stages of electrothermal volatilization and electrothermal reduction, and the two stages adopt the same electrode heating mode.
In the stage of electric heating, 100kg of dry mineral aggregate and 4kg of coke are added firstly, and the raw materials are heated by adopting an electrode arcing discharge mode to form a bottom molten pool. Keeping the distance between the electrode and the furnace bottom to be 100mm, and starting constant-speed feeding after the current is stable and the furnace temperature is 1200 ℃. After the electrodes are electrified, the input power is adjusted according to the temperature in the furnace, the voltage is adjusted to be 100V, the current value is maintained at 1KA by adjusting the insertion depth, the input power is 100KW, and the furnace temperature is guaranteed to be increased to 1400 ℃ within half an hour. If the temperature continuously rises, the voltage can be reduced to 80V, the insertion depth is adjusted to still maintain the current at 1KA, and the input power is within 80 KW. The electrode heating time is 2h, after the electrode heating is finished, the electrode is lifted and stands for 30min, slag begins to be discharged, and the electric heating volatilization process is finished at the stage.
And (3) collecting dust of the antimony-containing flue gas by a dust collecting device 20 (waste heat boiler), and cooling to 600 ℃ to obtain antimony-containing dust.
In the electric heating reduction stage, 100kg of antimony oxide material and 3kg of coke are added firstly, and the raw materials are heated by adopting an electrode arcing discharge mode to form a bottom molten pool. Keeping the distance between the electrode and the furnace bottom at 70mm, and starting constant-speed feeding after the current is stable and the furnace temperature is 600 ℃. After the electrode is electrified, the input power is adjusted according to the temperature in the furnace, the voltage is adjusted to be 100V, the current value is maintained to be 1KA by adjusting the insertion depth, the input power is 100KW, and the temperature of the furnace is increased to 800 ℃ within 10 min. If the temperature continuously rises, the voltage can be reduced to 60V, the insertion depth is adjusted to still maintain the current at 1KA, and the input power is ensured to be within 60 KW. The electrode heating time is 2h, after the electrode heating is finished, the electrode is lifted and stands for 30min, slag begins to be discharged, and the electric heating reduction process is finished at the stage.
The whole process has stable current, fast temperature rise and low viscosity of slag at high temperature, is favorable for slag discharging operation, has no obvious burning loss of a furnace lining, has the antimony content of less than 0.3 wt% in slag, the antimony oxide content of smoke dust of more than 80 wt%, the volatilization rate of antimony sulfide concentrate of 97 wt%, the extraction rate of antimony metal of 97% and the grade of metallic antimony of 98%.
Example 4
The differences from example 1 are: and in the volatilization smelting stage, a blast furnace is adopted as a volatilization smelting device.
After reduction smelting treatment, the antimony content in the slag is lower than 3 wt%, the antimony oxide content in the smoke dust is higher than 70 wt%, the volatilization rate of antimony sulfide concentrate can reach 85 wt%, the extraction rate of antimony metal is 95%, and the grade of metal antimony is 87%.
Example 5
The differences from example 1 are: and in the volatilization smelting stage, an electric heating furnace is used as a volatilization smelting device.
After reduction smelting treatment, the antimony content in the slag is lower than 2 wt%, the antimony oxide content in the smoke dust is higher than 75 wt%, the volatilization rate of antimony sulfide concentrate can reach 90 wt%, the extraction rate of antimony metal is 97%, and the grade of metal antimony is 92%.
Comparative example 1
The differences from example 1 are: the electrothermal volatilization process and the electrothermal reduction smelting process are both carried out in an electrothermal furnace.
After the electro-thermal reduction smelting is finished, the yield of the metallic antimony is 85 wt%.
Comparative example 2
And oxidizing and smelting the antimony sulfide ore and oxygen-enriched air (the oxygen content is more than 21 wt%) in a blast furnace to obtain antimony-containing dust and slag, wherein the oxidizing and smelting temperature is 1250 ℃, and the content of antimony in the slag is 1 wt%.
And (3) carrying out reduction smelting on the antimony smoke dust in a reverberatory furnace to obtain metal antimony, wherein the reduction temperature is 1150 ℃. The extraction rate of metallic antimony was 80 wt%.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: by adopting the reduction smelting device, the reduction efficiency and the extraction rate of the metal antimony can be improved, a large amount of waste residues can be avoided, and the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An antimony metal extraction system, the extraction system comprising: the unit (10), dust arrester installation (20) and the reduction unit (30) that communicate the setting in proper order, its characterized in that, reduction unit (30) are electrode heating reduction unit, and it includes:
the device comprises a reduction device (31), wherein the reduction device (31) is provided with a first smelting tank, the reduction device (31) is provided with an antimony-containing dust inlet and a reducing agent inlet, the antimony-containing dust inlet and the reducing agent inlet are both communicated with the first smelting tank, and the antimony-containing dust inlet is communicated with a dust collection device (20);
a first electrode lifting device (32), wherein at least two first electrodes (33) are arranged on the first electrode lifting device (32), and the depth of the first electrodes (33) in the first smelting tank can be adjusted; and
a first voltage supply (34), the first voltage supply (34) being for supplying a voltage to the first electrode (33).
2. The extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the reduction unit (30) further comprises first temperature detection means (35), the first temperature detection means (35) being configured to detect the temperature in the first smelting bath.
3. The extraction system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the volatilization unit (10) is an electrode-heated volatilization unit, the volatilization unit (10) comprising:
the device comprises a volatilizing device (11), wherein the volatilizing device (11) is provided with a second smelting tank, the volatilizing device (11) is provided with a feeding port and an antimony-containing flue gas outlet, the feeding port and the antimony-containing flue gas outlet are communicated with the second smelting tank, the feeding port is used for feeding antimony-containing materials, and the antimony-containing flue gas outlet is communicated with a dust collecting device (20);
a second electrode lifting device (12), wherein at least two second electrodes (13) are arranged on the second electrode lifting device (12), and the depth of the second electrodes (13) in the second smelting pool can be adjusted; and
a second voltage supply means (14) for supplying a voltage to the second electrode (13).
4. Extraction system according to claim 3, characterized in that the volatilization unit (10) further comprises a second temperature detection device (15), the second temperature detection device (15) being intended to detect the temperature in the second smelting tank.
5. The extraction system according to claim 4, further comprising an antimony-containing material supply device (40), the antimony-containing material supply device (40) being provided with an antimony-containing material supply port, the antimony-containing material supply port being in communication with the feed port.
6. The extraction system according to claim 5, further comprising a crushing and screening device (50), wherein the crushing and screening device (50) is provided with a screened material inlet and a screened material outlet, the screened material inlet is communicated with the antimony-containing material supply port, and the screened material outlet is communicated with the feeding port.
7. The extraction system according to claim 6, further comprising a drying device disposed in the flow path between the sieve material inlet and the antimony-containing material supply port.
8. The extraction system according to claim 7, wherein the dust collecting device (20) is a waste heat boiler.
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