CN210122585U - Pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system - Google Patents
Pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210122585U CN210122585U CN201920823080.9U CN201920823080U CN210122585U CN 210122585 U CN210122585 U CN 210122585U CN 201920823080 U CN201920823080 U CN 201920823080U CN 210122585 U CN210122585 U CN 210122585U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a zinc system is smelted to pyrometallurgy. The device includes: the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace comprises a furnace body, a partition wall and at least one heating electrode, wherein the furnace body is provided with an inner cavity, the partition wall is arranged in the inner cavity and divides the inner cavity into a smelting area and an electric heating reduction area along the horizontal direction, and a communication channel is arranged below the partition wall and used for communicating the smelting area and the electric heating reduction area; the smelting zone is provided with a first feed inlet and a smelting zone flue; the electric heating reduction area is provided with a second feed inlet, at least one electrode through hole and an electric heating reduction area flue, and the second feed inlet is used for adding a reducing agent; the heating electrodes correspond to the electrode through holes one by one and extend into the electric heating reduction region through the electrode through holes; the condensing unit is provided with a zinc steam inlet which is connected with the electric heating reduction zone flue; and the first flue gas purification unit is connected with the condensation unit. Utilize the system provided by the utility model to carry out pyrometallurgical zinc smelting, have that the flow is simple, the energy consumption is low, the advantage that the zinc rate of recovery is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a zinc is smelted to the pyrometallurgy particularly, relates to a zinc system is smelted to the pyrometallurgy.
Background
Zinc is one of ten large nonferrous metals, and is widely applied to various aspects of national economy. At present, zinc smelting is mainly carried out by a wet process, zinc concentrate is leached after being roasted or treated by other means, zinc sulfate solution is obtained, cathode zinc sheets are obtained through liquid purification and electrolytic deposition, and Zn99.995 zinc ingots are obtained through zinc casting. The process has more procedures, complex process, huge investment and high energy consumption, and the direct current power consumption per ton of zinc in a single electrodeposition procedure reaches 3000 kWh. Most importantly, a large amount of leaching slag, iron slag and the like are generated in the wet process, the yield of the leaching slag and the iron slag exceeds 50%, the slag belongs to dangerous waste, and needs to be subjected to harmless treatment, so that a large amount of energy consumption is caused, and new pollution is brought.
Blast furnaces, vertical pots and electric furnaces are the only existing pyrometallurgical zinc-smelting processes at present, and the energy consumption is generally high. Blast furnaces and vertical tanks have high requirements on raw material components and complex material preparation process; the electric furnace needs to control the atmosphere and temperature in the furnace to prevent the large amount of reduction of iron; the three kinds of pyrometallurgical zinc smelting processes have low direct zinc recovery rate, high zinc content in blast furnace slag and electric furnace slag and low total zinc recovery rate. At present, the capacity of a single blast furnace can reach more than 10 ten thousand tons of zinc per year, and the capacity of a single series of vertical tanks and electric furnaces is only thousands of tons per year, so that the requirement of modern large-scale industrial production can not be met completely.
The CN101492774B zinc smelting equipment and the zinc smelting process melt zinc concentrate by using an oxygen bottom blowing smelting furnace, then cast blocks are sent to a blast furnace for reduction, and zinc steam is condensed by using traditional lead rain or zinc rain to obtain crude zinc. The method eliminates the sintering machine of the blast furnace process and its associated problems. However, the method still uses a blast furnace for smelting, the molten slag needs to be cast and cooled, the material preparation process is complicated, the energy consumption is higher, and the zinc recovery rate is not improved compared with the traditional zinc smelting technology by a pyrometallurgy method.
The CN101914690B zinc concentrate smelting process melts zinc concentrate in an oxygen bottom blowing smelting furnace, the melt is sent to a side blowing reducing furnace for reduction, and zinc steam is condensed by traditional lead rain or zinc rain to obtain crude zinc. The method eliminates the sintering machine of the blast furnace process and the problems caused by the sintering machine, and the side-blown reduction furnace is used for replacing the blast furnace to directly reduce the melt, so that the energy consumption is lower; oxygen-enriched smelting in side-blown furnace features small blast quantity, high concentration of Zn vapour and by-product of gas. However, in the method, two metallurgical furnaces are used, molten slag flows into a side-blown furnace from a bottom-blown furnace, heat loss is inevitable, the smoke dissipation point is increased, the side-blown furnace belongs to molten pool smelting, a large amount of oxygen-enriched air needs to be blown into the side-blown furnace, the concentration of zinc steam is low, secondary oxidation of the zinc steam is more easily caused, and the direct yield of zinc is reduced.
The CN105925805A lead-zinc ore smelting method melts lead-zinc ore in an oxidation smelting furnace, the melt is sent to a power frequency electric heating reduction furnace for reduction, and zinc steam is condensed by traditional lead rain or zinc rain to obtain crude zinc. However, in the method, two metallurgical furnaces are used, molten slag flows into the power frequency electrothermal reduction furnace from the oxidation smelting furnace, heat loss is inevitable, smoke dissipation points are increased, the smelting temperature of the power frequency electrothermal reduction furnace is limited, the slag contains high zinc, the zinc recovery rate is low, and iron cannot be recovered. And the single series of the power frequency electric heating reduction furnaces are limited in capacity and difficult to adapt to large-scale industrial production.
For the reasons, a new pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system is needed to be provided, and the problems of complex flow, high energy consumption, low zinc recovery rate and the like of the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system are solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system to solve the complicated, energy consumption of flow that prior art mesothermal zinc smelting system exists and big, the zinc rate of recovery low scheduling problem.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system, which includes: the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace comprises a furnace body, a partition wall and at least one heating electrode, wherein the furnace body is provided with an inner cavity, the partition wall is arranged in the inner cavity and divides the inner cavity into a smelting area and an electric heating reduction area along the horizontal direction, and a communication channel is arranged below the partition wall and used for communicating the smelting area and the electric heating reduction area; the smelting area is provided with a first feed inlet and a smelting area flue, and the first feed inlet is used for adding zinc concentrate and a fusing agent; the electric heating reduction area is provided with a second feed inlet, at least one electrode through hole and an electric heating reduction area flue, and the second feed inlet is used for adding a reducing agent; the heating electrodes correspond to the electrode through holes one by one and extend into the electric heating reduction region through the electrode through holes; the condensing unit is provided with a zinc steam inlet, the zinc steam inlet is connected with the electric heating reduction zone flue, and the condensing unit is used for condensing zinc steam discharged from the electric heating reduction zone flue to obtain crude zinc and first flue gas; and the first flue gas purification unit is connected with the condensation unit and is used for purifying the first flue gas to obtain coal gas.
Furthermore, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system also comprises a second flue gas purification unit, wherein the second flue gas purification unit is connected with the smelting zone flue and is used for purifying second flue gas discharged from the smelting zone flue.
Further, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system also comprises an acid making system, wherein the acid making system is connected with the second flue gas purification unit and is used for making acid from the purified second flue gas.
Furthermore, the partition wall is provided with a through hole for enabling high zinc slag formed in the smelting zone to pass through and enter the electric heating reduction zone, and the electric heating reduction zone is also provided with a slag discharge port and a pig iron discharge port.
Further, the furnace body has a top wall, the top wall has a first portion located above the smelting zone and a second portion located above the electrothermal reduction zone, and the position of the top wall of the first portion is higher than that of the top wall of the second portion.
Furthermore, the furnace type of the smelting zone is a vertical furnace type, the first feed inlet is positioned at the top and/or the side part of the smelting zone, and the flue of the smelting zone is positioned at the top of the smelting zone.
Furthermore, the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace also comprises at least one first side-blowing spray gun, the side part of the smelting zone is provided with at least one first spray gun inlet, and the first side-blowing spray guns correspond to the first spray gun inlets one by one and extend into the smelting zone through the first spray gun inlets for injecting oxygen-enriched gas into the smelting zone.
Further, the bottom wall in the furnace body is a surface which is inclined downwards from the smelting zone to the electric heating reduction zone; or the bottom wall in the furnace body is divided into three parts from the smelting zone to the electrothermal reduction zone, the first part is positioned below the smelting zone, the third part is positioned below the electrothermal reduction zone, the first part and the third part are connected through the second part, and the second part is provided with a step-shaped surface or an inclined surface, so that the height of the first part is higher than that of the third part.
Further, the height difference between the first part bottom wall and the third part bottom wall is 150-500 mm.
Further, the third portion of the bottom wall is located directly below the partition wall, or the third portion of the bottom wall is offset from the partition wall directly below and towards the melting zone.
Further, the second feed inlet is positioned at the top of the electrothermal reduction zone, and the electrothermal reduction zone flue is positioned at the top and/or the side of the electrothermal reduction zone.
Furthermore, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system also comprises at least one second side-blowing spray gun, the side part of the electrothermal reduction zone is provided with at least one second spray gun inlet, and the second side-blowing spray guns correspond to the second spray gun inlets one to one and extend into the electrothermal reduction zone through the second spray gun inlets for spraying reducing agents into the electrothermal reduction zone.
Furthermore, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system also comprises a batching unit, wherein the batching unit is connected with a first feeding hole of the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace and is used for batching zinc concentrate and flux.
Furthermore, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system also comprises a water crushing unit, and the water crushing unit is connected with the slag discharge port.
The utility model provides a zinc system is smelted to pyrometallurgy is including smelting-reduction stove, condensation unit and the first flue gas purification unit of volatilizing, and the inner chamber of smelting-reduction stove of volatilizing is separated for smelting district and electric heat reduction district by the partition wall along the horizontal direction, when not reacting complete raw meal through setting up the partition wall separation of intensive cooling between two districts, guarantees that the flue gas of smelting district and electric heat reduction district is decidedly divided, and only the communication of molten bath lower part communicates with each other between two districts. The flue gas in the smelting zone contains high-concentration SO2The sulfur-containing flue gas is reduced by adding a reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone, and the flue gas is mainly zinc vapor. The flue gas in the two areas is separately discharged, which is more beneficial to the recovery of zinc and the independent utilization of sulfur-containing flue gas. Meanwhile, the efficient smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are combined in one furnace, so that the occupied area is small, the configuration height difference is reduced, and the construction investment of the furnace and a factory building is reduced. The combination of the two furnaces reduces the operation of discharging and adding the melt, has higher production operation rate, and can reduce the consumption of operators and corresponding tools. The melting and the reduction volatilization are completed in one furnace, and the electric heating reduction area can also use the melting high temperature to maintain a certain temperature, thereby reducing the consumption of electric energy when the volatilization operation is carried out independently. The melting bath has both melting and volatilizing operations, the amount of the stored melt in the furnace is relatively large, the liquid storage time can be increased, the single-furnace processing capacity is favorably improved, the recovery rate of zinc is improved, and lead, iron, indium, germanium and the like can be simultaneously recovered, so that the higher recovery rate is ensured. After being treated by the smelting-reduction volatilizing furnace, zinc steam produced by the electric heating reduction zone enters a condensing unit for condensation to generate crude zinc and first flue gas, and then the crude zinc and the first flue gas are purified by a first flue gas purifying unit. In a word, the system provided by the utility model is used for pyrometallurgical zinc smelting, and has the advantages of simple flow and energy consumptionLow zinc recovery rate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a pyrometallurgical zinc metallurgy system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a smelting-reducing volatilization furnace employed in a pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2; and
fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure at C-C in fig. 2.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
1. a smelting-reduction volatilizing furnace; 10. a furnace body; 11. a smelting zone; 111. a first feed port; 112. a smelting zone flue; 12. an electrically heated reduction zone; 121. a second feed port; 122. an electrode through hole; 123. an electric heating reduction area flue; 124. a slag discharge port; 125. a pig iron discharge port; 20. a partition wall; 30. heating the electrode; 2. a condensing unit; 3. a first flue gas purification unit; 4. a second flue gas purification unit; 5. an acid making system; 6. a dosing unit; 7. and (4) a water crushing unit.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
As described in the background art, the fire zinc smelting system in the prior art has the problems of complex flow, high energy consumption, low zinc recovery rate and the like.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a smelting-reduction volatilization furnace 1, a condensation unit 2 and a first flue gas purification unit 3, as shown in fig. 2, the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace 1 includes a furnace body 10, a partition wall 20 and at least one heating electrode 30, the furnace body 10 has an inner cavity, the partition wall 20 is disposed in the inner cavity, and the partition wall 20 divides the inner cavity into a smelting zone 11 and an electrothermal reduction zone 12 along the horizontal direction, and a communication channel is disposed below the partition wall 20 for communicating the smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 12; the smelting zone 11 is provided with a first feed port 111 and a smelting zone flue 112, and the first feed port 111 is used for adding zinc concentrate and a fusing agent; the electrothermal reduction region 12 is provided with a second feed inlet 121, at least one electrode through hole 122 and an electrothermal reduction region flue 123, wherein the second feed inlet 121 is used for adding a reducing agent; the heating electrodes 30 correspond to the electrode through holes 122 one by one and extend into the electrothermal reduction region 12 through the electrode through holes 122; the condensing unit 2 is provided with a zinc steam inlet, the zinc steam inlet is connected with the electric heating reduction area flue 123, and the condensing unit 2 is used for condensing zinc steam discharged from the electric heating reduction area flue 123 to obtain crude zinc and first flue gas; the first flue gas purification unit 3 is connected with the condensation unit 2 and used for purifying the first flue gas to obtain coal gas.
The inner cavity of the smelting-reduction volatilizing furnace 1 (Bref furnace for short) is divided into a smelting area 11 and an electric heating reduction area 12 by a partition wall 20 along the horizontal direction, the two areas are separated by the partition wall with enhanced cooling to block unreacted raw materials, simultaneously, the flue gas of the smelting area and the electric heating reduction area is ensured to be separated absolutely, and only the lower part of a molten pool is communicated and communicated between the two areas. The flue gas in the smelting zone contains high-concentration SO2The sulfur-containing flue gas is reduced by adding a reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone, and the flue gas is mainly zinc vapor. The flue gas in the two areas is separately discharged, which is more beneficial to the recovery of zinc and the independent utilization of sulfur-containing flue gas. Meanwhile, the efficient smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are combined in one furnace, so that the occupied area is small, the configuration height difference is reduced, and the construction investment of the furnace and a factory building is reduced. The combination of the two furnaces reduces the operation of discharging and adding the melt, has higher production operation rate, and can reduce the consumption of operators and corresponding tools. The melting and the reduction volatilization are completed in one furnace, and the electric heating reduction area can also use the melting high temperature to maintain a certain temperature, thereby reducing the consumption of electric energy when the volatilization operation is carried out independently. The melting bath can perform melting and volatilization operations, and the stored molten metal in the furnace is in relative quantityThe method has the advantages of being large, being capable of increasing the liquid storage time, being beneficial to improving the processing capacity of a single furnace (improving the structure of an electric heating area, and enabling the zinc capacity of the single furnace to meet various scales such as 1-20 ten thousand tons) and improving the recovery rate of zinc, and being capable of simultaneously recovering lead, iron, indium, germanium and the like and ensuring higher recovery rate. After being treated by the smelting-reduction volatilizing furnace, zinc steam produced by the electric heating reduction zone 12 enters the condensing unit 2 for condensation to generate crude zinc and first flue gas, and then the crude zinc and the first flue gas are purified by the first flue gas purifying unit 3. In a word, utilize the utility model provides a system carries out pyrometallurgy zinc, has that the flow is simple, the energy consumption is low, the advantage that the zinc rate of recovery is high.
More preferably, the partition wall 20 is provided with a cooling element therein, which can further enhance the cooling effect, block the unreacted raw meal, and separate the two kinds of smoke.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further comprises a second flue gas cleaning unit 4, and the second flue gas cleaning unit 4 is connected with the smelting zone flue 112 and is used for cleaning the second flue gas discharged from the smelting zone flue 112. The second flue gas discharged from the smelting zone flue 112 is flue gas containing sulfur and smoke with high sulfur content, and is purified by the second flue gas purification unit 4. Preferably, the first flue gas cleaning unit 3 and the second flue gas cleaning unit 4 may be dust collectors, and the specific types may be bag type dust collectors, electric dust collectors, and the like. More preferably, a cooling device is also arranged on the flow path of the second flue gas cleaning unit 4 connected to the smelting zone flue 112 for cooling the second flue gas before dust removal.
In order to further recover the sulfur in the second flue gas, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further includes an acid making system 5, and the acid making system 5 is connected to the second flue gas purification unit 4, and is configured to make acid from the purified second flue gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the partition wall 20 is opened with through holes for passing the high zinc dross formed in the smelting zone 11 into the electrothermal reduction zone 12, and the electrothermal reduction zone 12 is further provided with a dross discharge port 124 and a pig iron discharge port 125. In the actual zinc smelting process, oxidation desulfurization and slagging processes occur when zinc concentrate is subjected to smelting reaction in the smelting zone 11, molten melt is positioned at the bottom of a molten pool, and high zinc slag with high zinc content floats on the surface of the melt. The partition wall 20 is provided with through holes for the high zinc slag to pass through, and the melt at the bottom of the molten pool enters the electrothermal reduction zone 12 through a channel below the partition wall. Such an arrangement is advantageous in maintaining a steady flow of the melt and dross, thereby allowing more zinc to be removed from the flue by reduction and volatilization during the electro-thermal reduction process. In the process of electrothermal reduction, most of indium, germanium and the like are enriched along with the development of zinc vapor, and lead is reduced into crude lead.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in figure 2, the furnace body 10 has a top wall with a first portion above the smelting zone 11 and a second portion above the electrothermal reduction zone 12, the first portion having a top wall at a higher position than the second portion. The arrangement is that the reaction tank of the smelting zone 11 is far away from the top wall, and the reaction tank of the electrothermal reduction zone 12 is near to the top wall. Because the smelting reaction needs to be carried out under the condition of oxygen enrichment and the generation amount of the sulfur-containing flue gas is large, the oxygen enrichment condition is provided for the smelting reaction, and the sulfur-containing flue gas is discharged more stably. The zinc vapor formed by the electrothermal reduction and volatilization of the electrothermal reduction zone 12 is easier to enrich and discharge out of the furnace body. More preferably, as shown in figures 2 and 3, the profile of the smelting zone 11 is a vertical profile, the first feed openings 111 are located at the top and/or sides of the smelting zone 11, and the smelting zone flues 112 are located at the top of the smelting zone 11.
The smelting process of zinc is carried out under oxygen condition, in a preferred embodiment, the smelting-reduction volatilizing furnace 1 further comprises at least one first side-blowing lance, the side part of the smelting zone 11 is provided with at least one first lance inlet, and the first side-blowing lances correspond to the first lance inlets one by one and extend into the smelting zone 11 through the first lance inlets for injecting oxygen-enriched gas into the smelting zone 11. The zinc concentrate has higher sulfur content generally, and the heat release amount in the smelting process is large, so that the self-heating reaction can be basically met. Of course, a small amount of carbonaceous fuel may be injected through the first side-blowing lance to supplement the heat if desired. Preferably, the first side-blowing lance is an immersed lance, so that the smelting efficiency is improved, and strong stirring can be formed on the melt in the first side-blowing lance, thereby being beneficial to improving the mass and heat transfer efficiency and further improving the recovery rate of zinc.
In order to facilitate the flow of the melt, in a preferred embodiment, the bottom wall of the interior of the furnace body 10 is a surface that slopes downwardly along the smelting zone 11 to the electrothermal reduction zone 12; or, the bottom wall inside the furnace body 10 is divided into three parts along the smelting zone 11 to the electrothermal reduction zone 12, the first part is positioned below the smelting zone 11, the third part is positioned below the electrothermal reduction zone 12, the first part and the third part are connected through the second part, and the second part has a stepped surface or an inclined surface so that the height of the first part is higher than that of the third part. The arrangement of the bottom wall can provide dynamic conditions for the flow of the melt and the high zinc slag in the smelting zone 11, so that the flow of the melt and the high zinc slag between the smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 12 is more stable, and the treatment efficiency is higher.
In order to make the melt flow more stable and to enable the zinc concentrate to be smelted and reduced electro-thermally and volatilised more fully, in a preferred embodiment the height difference between the bottom wall of the first section and the bottom wall of the third section is 150-500 mm. More preferably, the third portion of the bottom wall is located directly below the partition wall 20, or the third portion of the bottom wall is offset from directly below the partition wall 20 and towards the smelting zone 11.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the second feed opening 121 is located at the top of the electro-thermal reduction zone 12, and the electro-thermal reduction zone flue 123 is located at the top and/or side of the electro-thermal reduction zone 12. In view of the fact that the condensing unit 2 is more conveniently connected to the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace 1, it is preferable that the above-mentioned electrothermal reduction zone flue 123 is located at the side of the electrothermal reduction zone 12. More preferably, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further comprises at least one second side-blowing lance, and the side portion of the electrothermal reduction zone 12 is provided with at least one second lance inlet, which corresponds to the second lance inlet one-to-one and extends into the electrothermal reduction zone 12 through the second lance inlet, for injecting the reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone 12. The reducing agent can be directly sprayed into the slag layer by utilizing the second side-blowing spray gun, so that the reduction effect is further enhanced.
In practical application, the electrothermal reduction zone 12 needs to be designed with a good furnace body sealing structure, such as mechanical labyrinth sealing, water sealing, sand sealing, etc., according to the process characteristics of zinc volatilization.
More preferably, each part of the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace 1 adopts different cooling modes according to the needs, and adopts an integral elastic framework furnace type, so as to ensure long furnace life. Because the positions are different, the requirements for cooling are different, some need to have strong cooling effect, and some need to be weaker; meanwhile, the manufacturing cost of elements with different cooling effects is also greatly different, so that cooling elements with reasonable cooling strength are required to be adopted according to different cooling effect requirements so as to ensure the reasonability of the manufacturing cost of the equipment and reasonable technical and economic indexes.
In the actual zinc smelting process, zinc concentrate and flux can be fed into the first feed port 111 separately, which enables the smelting reaction. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the pyrometallurgical zinc refining system further comprises a dosing unit 6, the dosing unit 6 being connected to the first feed port 111 of the smelt-reduction volatilisation furnace 1 for dosing the zinc concentrate and the flux. Thus being beneficial to improving the smelting efficiency of the zinc concentrate. More preferably, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further comprises a water crushing unit 7, and the water crushing unit 7 is connected with the slag discharge opening 124, so that the high-temperature smelting slag discharged from the slag discharge opening 124 can be subjected to water crushing treatment and then packaged for sale.
In the actual zinc smelting process, the operation process can be as follows: the weight ratio of the zinc concentrate to the flux is 100: 5-15. The concentration of oxygen in the smelting zone 11 is 40-80%, and the temperature of the smelting reaction is 1200-1400 ℃. More preferably, the temperature of the sulfur-containing flue gas is 1200-1400 ℃, and the content of zinc element in the high-zinc slag is 20-60%. The reductant may be of a type commonly used in the art, such as one or more of coke, anthracite, crushed coke, semi coke. In order to further improve the reduction efficiency and the zinc evaporation efficiency, the operation temperature of the electro-thermal reduction is preferably 1200-1300 ℃, and after the zinc vapor is discharged, the operation temperature of the electro-thermal reduction is increased to 1500-1600 ℃ so as to discharge the pig iron. The increase of the operation temperature of the electric heating reduction zone 12 is beneficial to more rapid and thorough reduction and volatilization of zinc, indium, germanium and the like, and the temperature is raised after zinc steam is discharged, so that pig iron can be further discharged. More preferably, the slag is discharged in a stage discharge mode, and the zinc content of the slag is 0.5-1.5%.
After the zinc vapor is discharged from the electrothermal reduction area 12, most of indium, germanium and the like are volatilized to enter the zinc vapor to be enriched, zinc, a small amount of indium, germanium and the like in the zinc vapor can be converted into crude zinc to be recycled through a condensation process, and coal gas with high calorific value is separated out. Preferably, the carbonaceous fuel is one or more of natural gas, pulverized coal and coal gas. More preferably, the method further comprises the step of cooling and dedusting the sulfur-containing flue gas. SO in sulfur-containing flue gas2Higher concentration, often>10 percent, preferably, after the temperature reduction and dust removal step, the obtained gas is subjected to acid preparation.
In order to enhance the smelting effect, in a preferred embodiment, the smelting reaction is carried out by injecting oxygen-enriched gas into the melt in the smelting zone 11 by using a first side-blowing lance, or injecting oxygen-enriched gas and carbonaceous fuel into the melt in the smelting zone 11 by using the first side-blowing lance. The sulfur content in the zinc concentrate is high, and the self-heating reaction can be realized. If necessary, the carbonaceous fuel may be injected by a side-blowing lance to perform the heat compensation. The solvent may be of a type commonly used in the art, such as one or more of a siliceous flux, a calcareous flux, and an iron flux. The siliceous flux can be quartz stone, river sand and the like, the calcareous flux can be limestone, dolomite and the like, and the irony flux can be iron ore, cinder and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the zinc concentrate is a zinc sulfide concentrate and/or a lead-zinc complex ore; preferably, the oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen. Oxygen-enriched air refers to air having an oxygen volume fraction greater than 21%.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
Zinc concentrate (Zn: 50%) and slag former (FeO, S)iO2And CaO) is directly added from a charging port arranged in a smelting area of the Bref furnace, oxygen-enriched air is sprayed into the Bref furnace from the side part of the smelting area of the Bref furnace, and then zinc concentrate and the oxygen-enriched air are subjected to oxidation smelting to obtain flue gas and high zinc slag. Flue gas SO of Bref furnace smelting zone2The content is more than 20 percent, and the flue gas is sent to produce acid after the temperature is reduced by a waste heat boiler and the dust is collected by an electric dust collector. The slag type of the high zinc slag is ZnO-FeO-SiO2Type, ZnO-FeO-SiO2CaO type, ZnO-FeO-SiO2CaO-ZnO type. The oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air is 60 percent, and the smelting temperature of the smelting zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃.
And (3) feeding the high zinc slag into an electrothermal reduction area of the Bref furnace through a communication channel between a partition wall with a cooling element and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and simultaneously carrying out electrothermal reduction under the heating action of a heating electrode and the reduction action of a reducing agent to obtain flue gas and slag. Flue gas in an electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace contains zinc vapor and CO, and the flue gas is condensed to obtain crude zinc and coal gas. The smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1200 ℃.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃ firstly and then 1400 ℃. And obtaining flue gas, slag and pig iron in an electric heating reduction area of the Bref furnace.
Example 4
The difference from example 3 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃ firstly and then 1500 ℃.
Example 5
The difference from example 3 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃ firstly and then 1600 ℃.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that: the zinc concentrate is changed into lead-zinc composite ore (containing 28 percent of Zn and 22 percent of Pb). And obtaining flue gas, furnace slag and crude lead in an electric heating reduction area of the Bref furnace.
Example 7
The difference from example 6 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃.
Example 8
The difference from example 6 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃ firstly and then 1400 ℃. Flue gas, slag, crude lead and pig iron are obtained in an electric heating reduction area of the Bref furnace.
Example 9
The difference from example 8 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃ firstly and then 1500 ℃.
Example 10
The difference from example 8 is that: the smelting temperature of the electric heating reduction zone of the Bref furnace is 1300 ℃ firstly and then 1600 ℃.
The recovery rates of zinc and iron elements in the smelting processes of zinc concentrate in examples 1 to 5 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparing examples 2 to 5, it is clear that limiting the temperature of the electrically heated reduction zone of the Bref furnace to the preferred range of protection of the present application is advantageous for further increasing the recovery of zinc and iron metals.
The recovery rates of zinc, lead and iron elements in the smelting processes of zinc concentrates in examples 6 to 10 are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Comparing examples 7 to 10, it is clear that limiting the temperature of the electrically heated reduction zone of the Bref furnace to the preferred range of protection of the present application facilitates further recovery of zinc, lead and iron metals.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A pyrometallurgical zinc extraction system, comprising:
the smelting-reduction volatilization furnace (1) comprises a furnace body (10), a partition wall (20) and at least one heating electrode (30), wherein the furnace body (10) is provided with an inner cavity, the partition wall (20) is arranged in the inner cavity, the inner cavity is horizontally divided into a smelting zone (11) and an electric heating reduction zone (12) by the partition wall (20), and a communication channel for communicating the smelting zone (11) with the electric heating reduction zone (12) is arranged below the partition wall (20); the smelting zone (11) is provided with a first feeding hole (111) and a smelting zone flue (112), and the first feeding hole (111) is used for feeding zinc concentrate and a fusing agent; the electrothermal reduction region (12) is provided with a second feed inlet (121), at least one electrode through hole (122) and an electrothermal reduction region flue (123), and the second feed inlet (121) is used for adding a reducing agent; the heating electrodes (30) correspond to the electrode through holes (122) one by one and extend into the electrothermal reduction region (12) through the electrode through holes (122);
the condensation unit (2) is provided with a zinc steam inlet, the zinc steam inlet is connected with the electric heating reduction area flue (123), and the condensation unit (2) is used for condensing zinc steam discharged from the electric heating reduction area flue (123) to obtain crude zinc and first flue gas;
and the first flue gas purification unit (3) is connected with the condensation unit (2) and is used for purifying the first flue gas to obtain coal gas.
2. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further comprises a second flue gas cleaning unit (4), the second flue gas cleaning unit (4) being connected to the smelting zone flue (112) for cleaning the second flue gas discharged from the smelting zone flue (112).
3. A zinc pyrometallurgical system according to claim 2, characterized in that, the zinc pyrometallurgical system further comprises an acid making system (5), and the acid making system (5) is connected with the second flue gas purification unit (4) and is configured to make acid from the purified second flue gas.
4. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the partition wall (20) is perforated for the passage of high zinc dross formed in the smelting zone (11) to the electrothermal reduction zone (12), and the electrothermal reduction zone (12) is further provided with a slag discharge (124) and a pig iron discharge (125).
5. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 4, characterized in that the furnace body (10) has a top wall having a first portion above the smelting zone (11) and a second portion above the electrothermal reduction zone (12), the first portion of the top wall being at a higher level than the second portion of the top wall.
6. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 5, characterized in that the furnace profile of the smelting zone (11) is a shaft furnace profile, the first feed openings (111) are located at the top and/or sides of the smelting zone (11), and the smelting zone flues (112) are both located at the top of the smelting zone (11).
7. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 6, wherein the smelting-reduction-volatizing furnace (1) further comprises at least one first side-blowing lance, the side of the smelting zone (11) being provided with at least one first lance inlet, the first side-blowing lance corresponding one-to-one with the first lance inlet and extending through the first lance inlet into the interior of the smelting zone (11) for injecting oxygen-enriched gas into the smelting zone (11).
8. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom wall inside the furnace body (10) is a surface sloping downwards along the smelting zone (11) to the electro-thermal reduction zone (12); or the bottom wall in the furnace body (10) is divided into three parts from the smelting zone (11) to the electrothermal reduction zone (12), the first part is positioned below the smelting zone (11), the third part is positioned below the electrothermal reduction zone (12), the first part and the third part are connected through the second part, and the second part is provided with a step-shaped surface or an inclined surface, so that the height of the first part is higher than that of the third part.
9. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 8 wherein the height difference between the first portion of the bottom wall and the third portion of the bottom wall is 150-500 mm.
10. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 8, characterized in that a third part of the bottom wall is located directly below the partition wall (20), or a third part of the bottom wall is offset from directly below the partition wall (20) and towards the smelting zone (11).
11. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 4, characterized in that the second feed inlet (121) is located at the top of the electro-thermal reduction zone (12), and the electro-thermal reduction zone flue (123) is located at the top and/or side of the electro-thermal reduction zone (12).
12. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 11, characterized in that the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further comprises at least one second side-blowing lance, and the side of the electrically heated reduction zone (12) is provided with at least one second lance inlet, and the second side-blowing lance corresponds to the second lance inlet one-to-one and extends to the inside of the electrically heated reduction zone (12) through the second lance inlet for injecting the reducing agent into the electrically heated reduction zone (12).
13. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a dosing unit (6), said dosing unit (6) being connected to the first feed opening (111) of the smelt-reduction volatilisation furnace (1) for dosing the zinc concentrate and the flux.
14. A pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system according to claim 4, characterized in that, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting system further comprises a water mill unit (7), the water mill unit (7) is connected with the slag discharge opening (124).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111440957A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-24 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | System and method for treating zinc concentrate and zinc slag |
| CN112981136A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-06-18 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step zinc smelting method for spraying zinc concentrate in molten pool |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111440957A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-24 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | System and method for treating zinc concentrate and zinc slag |
| CN112981136A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-06-18 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step zinc smelting method for spraying zinc concentrate in molten pool |
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