CN111156820A - Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device - Google Patents

Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111156820A
CN111156820A CN202010061917.8A CN202010061917A CN111156820A CN 111156820 A CN111156820 A CN 111156820A CN 202010061917 A CN202010061917 A CN 202010061917A CN 111156820 A CN111156820 A CN 111156820A
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China
Prior art keywords
smelting
antimony
pressure control
antimony concentrate
control device
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Pending
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CN202010061917.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马登
李东波
陈学刚
裴忠冶
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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Priority to CN202010061917.8A priority Critical patent/CN111156820A/en
Publication of CN111156820A publication Critical patent/CN111156820A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B30/00—Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
    • C22B30/02—Obtaining antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B2014/045—Vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0843—Lining or casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F27D2001/1825—Means for moving the cover
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
    • F27M2003/13—Smelting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device comprises: the device comprises a shell, a program temperature control device and a pressure control device, wherein a smelting cavity, a charging opening and a pressure control opening are arranged in the shell, and the charging opening and the pressure control opening are communicated with the smelting cavity and are used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additives; the program temperature control device is used for controlling the temperature in the smelting cavity in stages; the pressure control device is communicated with the pressure control port and is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the smelting cavity. The vacuum smelting device is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, which is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony, simplifying the process flow and reducing the recovery cost.

Description

Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal smelting, in particular to an antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device.
Background
The main phase in stibnite is antimony sulfide (Sb)2S3) The processing technique atmosphere of stibnite is divided into a pyrometallurgical technique and a wet-process technique, the existing pyrometallurgical technique has absolute advantages, and over 95 percent of stibnite is smelted into metal stibium by adopting the pyrometallurgical technique. The typical process flow of pyro-smelting stibnite ore is as follows: and (2) volatilizing and smelting in a blast furnace, namely reducing in a reverberatory furnace, volatilizing and oxidizing antimony sulfide in the smelting process, discharging gangue slag from a hearth, and reducing antimony oxide powder obtained by collecting dust from flue gas in the reverberatory furnace to produce crude antimony. Although the process of the "blast furnace-reverberatory furnace" is mature, the following disadvantages still exist:
the sulfur in stibnite is largely converted to SO in the blast furnace2The flue gas enters the flue gas, but the concentration of the flue gas is low, the generated flue gas cannot be used for preparing acid, and the flue gas treatment cost is high; the coke rate of the blast furnace is higher; the heat efficiency of the reverberatory furnace process is low, the volatilization amount of antimony oxide powder is large, and the direct yield of antimony is low.
Aiming at the defects of the traditional 'blast furnace-reverberatory furnace' process, various smelting processes and smelting devices are developed in the field, such as a method and a device for producing crude antimony trioxide by oxygen-enriched side-blown volatilization bath smelting, a method and a device for continuously smelting antimony by using bottom-blown bath smelting for stibnite, a side-blown oxidation smelting-side-blown reduction smelting method for stibnite concentrate, a top-blown bath smelting antimony smelting method and a bath smelting furnace thereof. The smelting method and the device generate low-concentration SO2Flue gases, require high processing costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device to solve the problems of low antimony metal recovery rate and high cost of the existing stibnite smelting method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an antimony concentrate vacuum smelting apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a shell, a program temperature control device and a pressure control device, wherein a smelting cavity, a charging opening and a pressure control opening are arranged in the shell, and the charging opening and the pressure control opening are communicated with the smelting cavity and are used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additives; the program temperature control device is used for controlling the temperature in the smelting cavity in stages; the pressure control device is communicated with the pressure control port and is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the smelting cavity.
In a preferred embodiment, the housing comprises: a furnace body and a cover body; the cover body is matched with the furnace body and is movably connected with the furnace body, and the feed inlet and the pressure control port are both arranged on the cover body.
In a preferred embodiment, the cover body is connected with the furnace body through a connecting piece.
In a preferred embodiment, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device further comprises an automatic lifting system, and the automatic lifting system is used for controlling the opening or closing of the cover body.
In a preferred embodiment, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device further comprises an automatic control system, and the automatic control system is used for automatically controlling the pressure control device.
In a preferred embodiment, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting unit comprises: the heating device comprises a base plate, a fire-resistant layer, a functional layer and an electric heating device. The bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the fire-resistant layer is arranged on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the fire-resistant layer form a smelting cavity; the functional layer is arranged between the flame retardant coating and the shell body; and the electric heating device is arranged between the functional layer and the shell body.
In a preferred embodiment, the housing further comprises a support member disposed between the base plate and the housing body for supporting the base plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the electrical heating means is selected from an induction coil or a heating jacket.
In a preferred embodiment, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device further comprises a dust collecting device, the dust collecting device is provided with a smoke gas recovery port and a smoke dust outlet, the smoke gas recovery port is communicated with the outlet end of the pressure control device, and the smoke dust outlet is communicated with the feeding port.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the vacuum degree in the smelting cavity is controlled by the pressure control device, the pressure of the reaction system is lower than the atmospheric pressure under the action of the pressure control device, and correspondingly, CO in the product2The partial pressure of the gas is also relatively low. This makes the reaction easier to proceed to the right, which in turn facilitates the increase in the rate of formation of antimony-containing products. Meanwhile, under the action of the program temperature control device, the stibnite is subjected to the first vacuum melting process at a lower temperature, and the volatilization rate of the stibnite can be reduced. And then the temperature in the smelting cavity is raised through a program temperature control device, so that the reaction system carries out a second vacuum smelting process at a second temperature, and crude antimony and furnace slag are obtained. Because the antimony element is converted into liquid in the first vacuum melting process and has less volatilization loss, the recovery rate of the antimony element can be greatly improved in the second vacuum melting process. The whole smelting process is carried out in the same smelting cavity, so that the floor area required by the smelting process is small, and the capital investment on a smelting device is reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. On the basis, the vacuum smelting device is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, so that the recovery rate of the metallic antimony is greatly improved, the process flow is simplified, and the recovery cost is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device provided in a preferred mode according to the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a housing; 11. a cover body; 101. a feed inlet; 102. a pressure control port; 103. a connecting member;
12. a furnace body; 13. a base plate; 14. a refractory layer; 15. a functional layer; 16. an electric heating device; 17. a support member;
20. a pressure control device; 30. provided is a dust collecting device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the existing stibnite smelting process has problems of low recovery of antimony metal and high cost. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides an antimony concentrate vacuum smelting apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting apparatus comprising: a housing 10, a program temperature control device and a pressure control device 20. Wherein a smelting cavity, a charging opening 101 and a pressure control opening 102 are arranged in the shell 10 and communicated with the smelting cavity, and the charging opening 101 is used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additive; the program temperature control device is used for controlling the temperature in the smelting cavity in stages, and the pressure control device 20 is communicated with the pressure control port 102 and is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the smelting cavity.
Selecting Na2The principle of O as a basic additive is illustrated:
during the alkaline smelting, the stibnite reacts with the soda ash and the reducing agent as follows:
2Sb2S3(s)+6Na2O(s)+3C(s)＝4Sb(s)+6Na2S(s)+3CO2(g)。
in the invention, the stibnite is firstly mixed with reducing fuel and alkaline additive and then is smelted in vacuum to obtain liquid metal antimony and rich Na2S slag and Sb2S3Flue gas, rich in Na2Extracting S slag to obtain Na2S，Sb2S3Condensing the smoke to Sb2S3And returning to the vacuum furnace for smelting.
The vacuum degree in the smelting cavity is controlled by the pressure control device 20, and the pressure of the reaction system is lower than the atmospheric pressure under the action of the pressure control device 20, and accordingly, the product is producedIn the material CO2The partial pressure of the gas is also relatively low. This makes the reaction easier to proceed to the right, which in turn facilitates the increase in the rate of formation of antimony-containing products. Meanwhile, under the action of the program temperature control device, the stibnite is subjected to the first vacuum melting process at a lower temperature, and the volatilization rate of the stibnite can be reduced. And then the temperature in the smelting cavity is increased through a program temperature control device, so that the reaction system carries out a second vacuum smelting process at a second temperature, and metal antimony and furnace slag are obtained. The antimony element is converted into liquid in the first vacuum melting process, and volatilization loss is less, so that the recovery rate of the antimony element can be greatly improved in the second vacuum melting process. The whole smelting process is carried out in the same smelting cavity, so that the floor area required by the smelting process is small, and the capital investment on a smelting device is reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. On the basis, the vacuum smelting device is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, so that the recovery rate of the metallic antimony is greatly improved, the process flow is simplified, and the recovery cost is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the housing 10 includes a furnace body 12 and a cover 11, wherein the cover 11 is adapted to the furnace body 12, the cover 11 is movably connected to the furnace body 12, and the material inlet 101 and the pressure control port 102 are both disposed on the cover 11.
Divide casing 10 into two parts of swing joint can improve the convenience that the material shifted after the reaction finishes, and set up charge door 101 and can make the reaction raw materials that add preheat at the in-process that falls into the smelting chamber on lid 11 to be favorable to improving and smelt efficiency, and improve antimony metal's rate of recovery.
The cover 11 of the housing 10 is movably connected to the furnace body 12 by a connecting means commonly used in the art, such as a connecting member 103. Preferably, the connecting member 103 includes, but is not limited to, a flange.
In order to improve the convenience of opening and closing the cover body 11, it is preferable that the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device further comprises an automatic lifting system for controlling the opening or closing of the cover body 11.
In a preferred embodiment, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device further comprises an automatic control system, and the automatic control system is used for automatically controlling the pressure control device 20. The pressure in the smelting cavity can be controlled more accurately by controlling the pressure control device 20 through the automatic control system, so that the recovery rate of antimony is further improved.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the housing 10 includes: the shell comprises a shell body 10, a base plate 13, a flame retardant coating 14 and a functional layer 15, wherein the base plate 13 is arranged at the bottom of the shell body 10, the flame retardant coating 14 is arranged on the base plate 13, the base plate 13 and the flame retardant coating 14 form a smelting cavity, the functional layer 15 comprises a filling material and an electric heating device 16, and the functional layer 15 is arranged between the flame retardant coating 14 and the shell body 10. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device can provide heat for the smelting cavity through fuel combustion, and can also provide heat for the smelting cavity through the electric heating device 16. More preferably, the electrical heating device 16 includes, but is not limited to, an induction coil or a heating jacket, and the refractory layer 14 includes, but is not limited to, magnesia carbon brick, magnesia chrome brick, magnesia carbon brick, magnesia alumina brick, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the housing 10 further comprises a support member 17, the support member 17 being disposed between the bottom plate 13 and the body of the housing 10 for supporting the bottom plate 13. Set up support piece 17 between bottom plate 13 and the casing 10 body and be favorable to improving the heat-proof quality who smelts the chamber to can make the heat be used for the melting process of reaction material completely, improve heat utilization rate and antimony element's rate of recovery.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device further comprises a dust collecting device 30, the dust collecting device 30 is provided with a flue gas recovery port and a smoke outlet, the flue gas recovery port is communicated with the outlet end of the pressure control device 20, and the smoke outlet is communicated with the charging port 101.
Antimony-containing smoke dust is generated in the vacuum smelting process, the dust collecting device 30 is communicated with the outlet end of the pressure control device 20 to recover the antimony-containing smoke dust, and meanwhile, the smoke dust outlet is communicated with the feeding hole 101 to return the recovered smoke dust to the smelting cavity for reutilization.
The pressure control device 20 may be any device commonly used in the art, and is preferably a vacuum pump. More preferably, the vacuum melting device comprises two pressure control devices 20, two dust collecting devices 30 and two rotary connectors 103. The arrangement of the two pressure control devices 20 is beneficial to more accurately controlling the pressure in the smelting cavity, the arrangement of the two dust collecting devices 30 is beneficial to improving the dust collecting speed, and the arrangement of the two rotary connecting pieces 103 is beneficial to improving the discharging convenience of the vacuum smelting device.
In another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for smelting stibnite, the method being performed using the apparatus shown in fig. 1, the method comprising: under the vacuum condition, the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive are respectively subjected to first vacuum melting and second vacuum melting in the vacuum melting device to obtain metallic antimony and slag, and the temperature of the first vacuum melting is lower than that of the second vacuum melting.
The vacuum degree in the smelting cavity is controlled by the pressure control device 20, the pressure of the reaction system is lower than the atmospheric pressure under the action of the pressure control device 20, and correspondingly, CO in the product2The partial pressure of the gas is also relatively low. This makes the reaction easier to proceed to the right, which in turn facilitates the increase in the rate of formation of antimony-containing products. Meanwhile, the stibnite is subjected to the first vacuum melting process at a lower temperature, and the volatilization rate of the stibnite can be reduced. And then the temperature in the smelting cavity is increased through a program temperature control device, so that the reaction system carries out a second vacuum smelting process at a second temperature, and metal antimony and furnace slag are obtained. The antimony element is converted into liquid in the first vacuum melting process, and volatilization loss is less, so that the recovery rate of the antimony element can be greatly improved in the second vacuum melting process. The whole smelting process is carried out in the same smelting cavity, so that the floor area required by the smelting process is small, and the capital investment on a smelting device is reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. On the basis, the vacuum smelting device is adopted to extract metal from stibniteAntimony is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of metal antimony, simplifying the process flow and reducing the recovery cost.
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of the reducing fuel is 8-20% and the amount of the alkaline additive is 60-100% by weight of the stibnite. The amount of the reducing raw material and the alkaline additive includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and it is preferable to further improve the recovery rate of antimony element to limit the amount to the above range.
In a preferred embodiment, the binder is used in an amount of 0.2 to 15% by weight of the stibnite. The amount of the binder includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and it is preferable to limit the amount to the above range to further improve the binding force of the stibnite, the reducing agent and the alkaline additive, thereby facilitating the improvement of the recovery rate of the antimony element. More preferably, the binder is used in an amount of 3 to 8% by weight of the stibnite.
The vacuum melting method for melting stibnite is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of stibnite and avoiding the loss of sulfur. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the first vacuum melting is 500-700 ℃, the temperature of the second vacuum melting is 1000-1200 ℃, and the pressure is 0-50 Pa. Limiting the temperature and pressure of the vacuum melting and melting process to the above ranges is advantageous to further increase the recovery of antimony element compared to other ranges.
In a preferred embodiment, before performing the vacuum melting process, the vacuum melting method further comprises: granulating the binder, the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive which are treated in the crushing step to obtain a mixture; and sequentially carrying out first vacuum melting and second vacuum melting on the mixture to obtain metallic antimony, slag and antimony-containing flue gas. Before vacuum smelting, the stibnite, the reducing fuel, the alkaline additive and the adhesive are granulated, so that the reactants are reacted according to a specific proportion, and the mixing uniformity is improved, thereby being beneficial to improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony.
In a preferred embodiment, the vacuum melting method further comprises the step of crushing the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive before the pelletizing process. In order to enable the raw materials to react more fully in the vacuum melting process, the particle sizes of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive after the crushing step are more preferably 10-2000 meshes, and the particle sizes of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive are more preferably 200-1000 meshes.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixed material is spherical and has a diameter of 0.1-5 cm. The particle is made into a spherical structure in the granulating process, and the diameter is limited in the range, so that the reaction degree is further improved, and the recovery rate of the antimony element is further improved. More preferably, the diameter of the mixed material is 0.2-1 cm.
In order to make the reaction of the raw materials more sufficient in the vacuum melting process, in a preferred embodiment, between the granulation process and the vacuum melting, the vacuum melting method further comprises: drying the mixture obtained in the granulating process. More preferably, the drying process includes, but is not limited to, natural ventilation or heated dehydration.
In the vacuum melting process, the reducing fuel adopted can be selected from the types commonly used in the field. In a preferred embodiment, the reducing fuel comprises one or more of the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous coal, graphite, carbonaceous material, petroleum coke, and activated carbon.
In a preferred embodiment, the alkaline additive includes, but is not limited to, sodium carbonate and/or sodium hydroxide.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
A smelting method of antimony metal adopts a vacuum smelting device as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
1t of antimony concentrate, soda ash (the addition amount accounts for 70% of the antimony concentrate) and carbon powder (the addition amount accounts for 6% of the antimony concentrate) are uniformly mixed, and then a binder (water, the addition amount accounts for 5% of the total weight of the antimony concentrate, the soda ash and the carbon powder) is added for briquetting or pelletizing; and (3) placing the weighed bottom material crude antimony on a bottom plate 13 of the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device, and then drying the briquettes or the pellets and placing the briquettes or the pellets above the crude antimony.
Vacuumizing the smelting cavity by using a pressure control device 20 (a vacuum pump) to ensure that the gas pressure in the furnace is 50Pa, starting an electric heating device 16 (an induction coil) to heat, heating the materials in the furnace to 700 ℃, and carrying out a first smelting process at the temperature for 1 h; the melting temperature was then raised to 1150 ℃ and a second melting process was carried out at this temperature for 1 h. Wherein the particle sizes of the stibnite, the carbon powder and the industrial sodium carbonate are all 200 meshes.
And after the smelting of the first batch of materials is finished, adding a second batch of materials, smelting the antimony sulfide dust recovered from the previous batch of materials for smelting the next batch of materials, stopping air suction after the antimony liquid in the crucible is filled, removing the cover body 11, rotating the furnace body 12 through the rotating device, and pouring the antimony liquid in the crucible into the container, thereby finishing the smelting work of the antimony concentrate in one furnace.
After the antimony concentrate is smelted by the vacuum smelting device, the direct antimony yield is 65.3%, the total antimony recovery rate is 99.2%, and the purity of crude antimony of smelting products is high, and only contains 0.13% of iron, 0.04% of As and 0.05% of S.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that:
the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device is not provided with a program temperature control device, and the antimony metal smelting method comprises the following steps:
1t of antimony concentrate, soda ash (the addition amount accounts for 70% of the antimony concentrate) and carbon powder (the addition amount accounts for 6% of the antimony concentrate) are uniformly mixed, and then a binder (water, the addition amount accounts for 5% of the total weight of the antimony concentrate, the soda ash and the carbon powder) is added for briquetting or pelletizing; and (3) placing the weighed bottom material crude antimony on a bottom plate 13 of the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device, and then drying the briquettes or the pellets and placing the briquettes or the pellets above the crude antimony.
And (3) vacuumizing the smelting cavity by using a pressure control device 20 (a vacuum pump) to ensure that the gas pressure in the furnace is 50Pa, starting an electric heating device 16 (an induction coil) to heat, heating the materials in the furnace to 1150 ℃, and carrying out a vacuum smelting process at the temperature for 2 hours. Wherein the particle sizes of the stibnite, the carbon powder and the industrial sodium carbonate are all 200 meshes.
The direct recovery rate of antimony is 46.5%, the total recovery rate of antimony is 91.6%, the purity of the crude antimony of the smelting product is high, and the crude antimony contains 0.14% of iron, 0.05% of As and 0.06% of S.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: compared with the existing smelting device, the vacuum smelting device is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, so that the recovery rate of the metallic antimony is greatly improved, the process flow is simplified, and the recovery cost is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device is characterized by comprising the following components:
the device comprises a shell (10), wherein a smelting cavity, a charging opening (101) and a pressure control opening (102) are arranged in the shell (10) and communicated with the smelting cavity, and the charging opening (101) is used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additives;
a temperature program control device for controlling the temperature in the smelting chamber in stages;
a pressure control device (20), the pressure control device (20) being in communication with the pressure control port (102) for controlling a vacuum level in the smelting chamber.
2. Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the housing (10) comprises:
a furnace body (12); and
the furnace body (12) is movably connected with the cover body (11), the cover body (11) is matched with the furnace body (12), and the feed inlet (101) and the pressure control port (102) are both arranged on the cover body (11).
3. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device according to claim 2, wherein the cover body (11) is connected with the furnace body (12) through a connecting piece (103).
4. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device according to claim 2, further comprising an automatic lifting system for controlling the opening or closing of the cover body (11).
5. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting plant according to claim 4, further comprising an automatic control system for automatically controlling the pressure control device (20).
6. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the antimony concentrate vacuum smelting unit comprises:
a bottom plate (13), wherein the bottom plate (13) is arranged at the bottom of the shell (10);
the refractory layer (14) is arranged on the bottom plate (13), and the bottom plate (13) and the refractory layer (14) form the smelting cavity;
a functional layer (15), said functional layer (15) being disposed between said refractory layer (14) and said shell (10) body; and
an electric heating device (16), the electric heating device (16) being arranged between the functional layer (15) and the housing (10) body.
7. Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (10) further comprises a support (17), the support (17) being arranged between the bottom plate (13) and the body of the housing (10) for supporting the bottom plate (13).
8. Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the electric heating means (16) is selected from induction coils or heating jackets.
9. The antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device according to claim 6, further comprising a dust collecting device (30), wherein the dust collecting device (30) is provided with a smoke gas recovery port and a smoke dust outlet, the smoke gas recovery port is communicated with the outlet end of the pressure control device (20), and the smoke dust outlet is communicated with the charging port (101).
CN202010061917.8A 2020-01-20 2020-01-20 Antimony concentrate vacuum smelting device Pending CN111156820A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113737034A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-03 上海康臣特种金属材料有限公司 Method and device for preparing aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by two-step method
CN113803988A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-12-17 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Device and method for producing antimony white from antimony oxide powder
CN114526600A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-05-24 浙江科宇金属材料有限公司 Device and method for recovering copper from polished copper ingot furnace dust
CN116926346A (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-10-24 益阳生力材料科技股份有限公司 Antimony ore smelting equipment

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113737034A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-03 上海康臣特种金属材料有限公司 Method and device for preparing aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by two-step method
CN113803988A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-12-17 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Device and method for producing antimony white from antimony oxide powder
CN113803988B (en) * 2021-08-20 2024-02-23 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Device and method for producing antimony white from antimony oxide powder
CN114526600A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-05-24 浙江科宇金属材料有限公司 Device and method for recovering copper from polished copper ingot furnace dust
CN116926346A (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-10-24 益阳生力材料科技股份有限公司 Antimony ore smelting equipment
CN116926346B (en) * 2023-05-29 2024-01-26 益阳生力材料科技股份有限公司 Antimony ore smelting equipment

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