CN113737034A - Method and device for preparing aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by two-step method - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by two-step method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113737034A CN113737034A CN202110900690.6A CN202110900690A CN113737034A CN 113737034 A CN113737034 A CN 113737034A CN 202110900690 A CN202110900690 A CN 202110900690A CN 113737034 A CN113737034 A CN 113737034A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
- F27B2014/0812—Continuously charging
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method, wherein 100, vanadium pentoxide and first aluminum are placed in an aluminothermic reaction furnace, and second aluminum is placed in a vacuum refining furnace; 200, communicating the aluminothermic reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace through a communicating pipe, then closing two ends of the communicating pipe, and vacuumizing the vacuum refining furnace; step 300, carrying out aluminothermic reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum to obtain a molten aluminothermic reaction product; step 400, cooling, forming and crushing the molten thermite reaction product to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, and adding the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy into the vacuum refining furnace; step 500, smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and the secondary aluminum of the vacuum refining furnace. The method can continuously carry out the whole process, thereby avoiding the transfer among equipment of each process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intermediate alloys, in particular to a method and a device for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method.
Background
The intermediate alloy is an additive functional material, which is prepared by adding one or more simple substances into a metal serving as a matrix to solve the problems of easy burning loss, difficult melting of high melting point, high density, easy segregation and the like of the simple substances or improve the performance of the alloy. The aluminum vanadium master alloy is typically prepared in an open environment, resulting in the preparation of an aluminum vanadium master alloy that is contaminated with excessive impurities, such as nitrogen and oxygen.
The above problems are generally solved in the prior art by a secondary vacuum melting method, for example, patent document CN110331321A, which mainly solves the above problems by first performing aluminothermic reaction to complete the first preparation and then adding the product of the first preparation to a vacuum thermal reduction device for secondary melting, but the processes of the scheme are independent from each other, so that the raw materials for production need to be transported among the processes, and the product of the primary preparation is further polluted; meanwhile, the carrying process also has the disadvantages of time and labor consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method, so as to solve the technical problems that impurities are doped in the preparation process of the intermediate alloy and the preparation process is time-consuming and labor-consuming in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method comprises the following steps:
step 100, placing vanadium pentoxide and first aluminum in a thermite reaction furnace, and placing second aluminum in a vacuum refining furnace;
200, communicating the aluminothermic reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace through a communicating pipe, then closing two ends of the communicating pipe, and vacuumizing the vacuum refining furnace;
step 300, carrying out aluminothermic reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum to obtain a molten aluminothermic reaction product;
step 400, cooling, forming and crushing the molten thermite reaction product to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; adding the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy into the vacuum refining furnace, wherein the vacuum refining furnace is always in a vacuum state in the adding process of the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
step 500, smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and the secondary aluminum of the vacuum refining furnace to obtain a finished product.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 400 specifically includes:
step 401, releasing the sealing of one end of the communicating pipe close to the thermite reaction furnace, so that the molten thermite reaction product flows into the communicating pipe under the action of gravity;
step 402, cooling and forming the molten thermite reaction product in the communicating pipe to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, so that the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy directly partitions the communicating pipe;
step 403, releasing the sealing of one end of the communicating pipe close to the thermite reaction furnace;
step 404, crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy along the direction from the vacuum refining furnace to the thermite reaction furnace, so that the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy automatically falls into the vacuum refining furnace under the action of gravity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:
a device for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method comprises the following steps:
the aluminothermic reaction furnace is used for carrying out aluminothermic reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum;
a vacuum refining furnace, wherein the vacuum refining furnace is positioned below the aluminothermic reaction furnace and is used for smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and aluminum;
the communicating pipe is connected between the thermite reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace, is used for controlling the connection and disconnection between the thermite reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace, and is also used for cooling and forming the thermite reaction product in the thermite reaction furnace;
the sealed crushing and feeding integrated assembly is used for crushing the aluminothermic reaction product after cooling and forming, and the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can be fed into the vacuum refining furnace through the sealed crushing and feeding integrated assembly;
wherein, the vacuum refining furnace is in a vacuum state in the process of feeding the sealed crushing and feeding integrated component to the vacuum refining furnace.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, a cooling cavity is arranged in the communicating pipe, the sealed breaking and throwing integrated assembly is arranged in the cooling cavity, and the cooling cavity is communicated with an inner cavity of the aluminothermic reaction furnace and an inner cavity of the vacuum refining furnace;
along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, a communicating valve, a sealing valve and a crushing assembly are sequentially arranged in the cooling cavity, and the communicating valve is arranged at the end part of the cooling cavity;
wherein the communication valve and the closing valve are each independently capable of closing or opening the cooling chamber; after the thermite reaction is completed, the communication valve can be opened and the cooling cavity is in a closed state, and the thermite reaction product can flow into the cooling cavity under the action of gravity, so that the thermite reaction product can be cooled and formed between the communication valve and the closed valve;
after the cooling forming, the closing valve can be in an open state, the crushing assembly can crush the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, and the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy falls into the vacuum refining furnace under the gravity.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the crushing direction of the crushing component for crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is opposite to the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
the communicating valve comprises a fixed disc connected to the top end of the cooling cavity, at least one first feeding hole is formed in the fixed disc, a rotating disc is rotatably mounted on the fixed disc, and at least one second feeding hole is formed in the rotating disc;
the rotating disc can enable the first feeding hole to be communicated with the second feeding hole through rotation of the rotating disc, a lateral flow hole is formed in the side wall of the second feeding hole and communicated with the second feeding hole, and the lateral flow hole is used for guiding the thermite reaction product.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the inner wall of the cooling cavity is provided with a limiting groove, and at least part of the formed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is positioned in the limiting groove.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the communicating pipe is provided with an installation chute, and the sealing valve can reciprocate in the installation chute to seal or open the cooling chamber;
the mounting sliding grooves comprise a first groove and a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are respectively positioned on two sides of the cooling cavity, one of the first groove and the second groove is a through groove, and the other one of the first groove and the second groove is a blind groove;
the sealing valve comprises a sealing plate, an elastic plate and a driving assembly, the sealing plate and the elastic plate are arranged in an overlapped mode, and the driving assembly can drive the sealing plate and the elastic plate to move linearly to one side of the through groove so as to open the cooling cavity; the driving assembly can drive the sealing plate and the elastic plate to linearly move towards one side of the blind groove, so that two ends of the sealing plate and the elastic plate are respectively positioned in the blind groove and the through groove to seal the cooling cavity; and the drive assembly is capable of providing a vibration to the sealing plate or the resilient plate.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the crushing assembly includes a mounting plate, a driving shaft, a plurality of crushing units; the driving shaft is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cavity through a sliding part; the sliding piece can drive the mounting body to reciprocate along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, a plurality of crushing units are arranged on the driving shaft at intervals; the drive shaft can provide power for each crushing unit simultaneously, and the mounting plate is provided with blanking holes.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a gear shaft is sleeved on the driving shaft, the crushing unit comprises a follow-up plate, an engagement tooth groove, a cutting head and a longitudinal locking assembly, the engagement tooth groove is formed on the follow-up plate, the engagement tooth groove is engaged with the gear shaft, the cutting head is mounted on the follow-up plate, and a discharge hole is formed in the follow-up plate; the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can enter the next crushing unit or enter a vacuum refining furnace through a discharge hole;
the longitudinal locking assembly is arranged between the meshing tooth grooves and the gear shaft and can lock the meshing tooth grooves and the gear shaft;
the longitudinal locking assembly comprises a positioning hole, the positioning hole is formed in the outer protruding portion of the gear shaft, a clamping rod is movably mounted on the meshing tooth socket, and the clamping rod can be nested in the positioning hole.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the sliding member includes a mounting protrusion and a telescopic rod, the mounting protrusion is disposed on an inner wall of the cooling chamber, one end of the telescopic rod is connected to the mounting protrusion, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected to the mounting body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method has the advantages that the aluminothermic reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace are communicated through the communicating pipe, so that the whole process can be integrally carried out, the back-and-forth transfer between the two furnace bodies is reduced, and the pollution to the primarily prepared products in the carrying process is effectively avoided; in addition, the aluminothermic reaction furnace carries out an aluminothermic reaction process, cooling and crushing processes can be simultaneously carried out in the communicating pipe, the vacuum refining furnace can carry out vacuum smelting simultaneously, all parts can independently work without interference, and the efficiency is effectively improved;
(2) the device connects the aluminothermic reaction furnace with the vacuum refining furnace; the sealed broken feeding integrated component transfers the primary compound in the aluminothermic reaction furnace to the vacuum refining furnace under the condition of not influencing the sealing performance of the vacuum refining furnace, and improves the automation capacity of the device and the continuity of the preparation process under the condition of reducing the introduced impurities.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a size reduction assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an intermeshing tooth slot in an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1-aluminothermic reaction furnace; 2-vacuum refining furnace; 3-sealing, crushing and throwing the integrated assembly;
31-a communicating tube; 32-a cooling chamber; 33-a communication valve; 34-a closed valve; 35-a size reduction assembly; 36-a limiting groove;
331-fixed disk; 332-a feed hole; 333-rotating disc; 334-second inlet holes; 335-side flow hole;
341-installing a chute; 342-a closing plate; 343-an elastic telescopic member; 344 — a drive assembly;
351-mounting plate; 352-a drive shaft; 353-a crushing unit; 354-a slide; 355-a gear shaft; 356-blanking holes;
3531-follower plate; 3532-biting gullets; 3533-a cutting head; 3536-discharge hole; 3537-alignment holes; 3538-bayonet;
3541-mounting lugs; 3542-telescoping rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method comprises the following steps:
step 100, placing vanadium pentoxide and first aluminum in a thermite reaction furnace, and placing second aluminum in a vacuum refining furnace;
200, communicating the aluminothermic reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace through a communicating pipe, then closing two ends of the communicating pipe, and vacuumizing the vacuum refining furnace;
step 300, carrying out aluminothermic reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum to obtain a molten aluminothermic reaction product;
step 400, cooling, forming and crushing the molten thermite reaction product to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; adding the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy into the vacuum refining furnace, wherein the vacuum refining furnace is always in a vacuum state in the adding process of the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
step 500, smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and the secondary aluminum of the vacuum refining furnace to obtain a finished product.
In patent document CN110331321A, for example, the method for preparing the aluminum-vanadium master alloy material comprises the following steps: step one, putting vanadium pentoxide into a baking furnace, and baking for 12-24 hours at the temperature of 200-; secondly, mixing vanadium pentoxide, aluminum powder, high-purity fluorite powder and returning charge according to the proportion; step three, uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step two, putting the mixture into vacuum thermal reduction equipment through a reaction furnace barrel, igniting for reaction, and cooling the furnace overnight; and step four, taking out the alloy ingot in the furnace, finishing, crushing, inspecting and packaging.
Compared with the invention, both use secondary smelting (wherein the secondary smelting is a vacuum smelting mode), and remove impurities in the raw materials in a molten state, such as oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. In the invention, the aluminothermic reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace are communicated through the communicating pipe, so that the whole process can be integrally carried out, and the back-and-forth transfer between the two furnace bodies is reduced.
For example, at a certain moment, the aluminothermic reacting furnace can carry out the aluminothermic reaction process, can cool off and kibbling process in the communicating pipe, and vacuum refining furnace can carry out vacuum melting, and each part can work independently, and mutual noninterference, and can link up each other under the effect of gravity on the process.
The difficulty in realizing the above flow integration scheme is that 1, the reaction product of the aluminothermic reaction is a solid block after being cooled, and is difficult to participate in the operation of the second step, and the reaction efficiency is low because the reaction product is difficult to be completely melted in the process of participating in the vacuum melting of the second step due to large volume; 2. even if the block-shaped product is fed into the vacuum refining furnace, the vacuum refining furnace must be opened to destroy the vacuum state of the vacuum refining furnace, and the vacuum refining furnace must be vacuumized again after all the product is fed, so that the continuity of the process is destroyed.
Therefore, the present invention provides a preferable solution for solving the problem that the sealing performance of the vacuum melting process is damaged by the crushing process, and the step 400 specifically includes:
step 401, releasing the sealing of one end of the communicating pipe close to the thermite reaction furnace, so that the molten thermite reaction product flows into the communicating pipe under the action of gravity;
step 402, cooling and forming the molten thermite reaction product in the communicating pipe to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, so that the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy directly partitions the communicating pipe;
step 403, releasing the sealing of one end of the communicating pipe close to the thermite reaction furnace;
step 404, crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy along the direction from the vacuum refining furnace to the thermite reaction furnace, so that the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy automatically falls into the vacuum refining furnace under the action of gravity.
This scheme seals communicating pipe through elementary aluminium vanadium intermediate alloy to even remove the closure to communicating pipe, can not influence the leakproofness of vacuum refining furnace yet, thereby keep the vacuum state of vacuum refining furnace.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the present invention also provides an apparatus for preparing an aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method, comprising: the aluminothermic reaction furnace 1 is used for carrying out aluminothermic reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum; a vacuum refining furnace 2, wherein the vacuum refining furnace 2 is positioned below the thermite reaction furnace 1, and the vacuum refining furnace 2 is used for smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and aluminum; a communicating pipe 31 connected between the thermite reaction furnace 1 and the vacuum refining furnace 2, for controlling the connection and disconnection between the thermite reaction furnace 1 and the vacuum refining furnace 2, and for cooling and forming the thermite reaction product in the thermite reaction furnace 1; the sealed crushing and feeding integrated component 3 is used for crushing the aluminothermic reaction product after cooling and forming, and the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can be fed into the vacuum refining furnace 2 through the sealed crushing and feeding integrated component 3; wherein, the vacuum refining furnace 2 is in a vacuum state in the process of feeding the sealed crushing and feeding integrated component 3 to the vacuum refining furnace 2.
The device is used for implementing the method so as to provide an integrated device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method, and the device can be used for connecting all processes in the method and simultaneously solving the problem that the sealing performance of a vacuum smelting process is damaged by a crushing process.
In order to implement the vacuum smelting without influencing the vacuum refining furnace 2, the invention provides a preferable crushing and feeding mode, a cooling cavity 32 is arranged in the communicating pipe 31, the sealed crushing and feeding integrated assembly 3 is arranged in the cooling cavity 32, and the cooling cavity 32 is communicated with the inner cavity of the aluminothermic reaction furnace 1 and the inner cavity of the vacuum refining furnace 2;
along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, a communication valve 33, a sealing valve 34 and a crushing assembly 35 are sequentially arranged in the cooling cavity 32, and the communication valve 33 is arranged at the end part of the cooling cavity 32;
wherein the communication valve 33 and the closing valve 34 are each independently capable of closing or opening the cooling chamber 32; after the thermite reaction is completed, the communication valve 33 can be opened and the cooling cavity 32 is in a closed state, and the thermite reaction product can flow into the cooling cavity 32 under the action of gravity, so that the thermite reaction product can be cooled and formed between the communication valve 33 and the closed valve 34;
after the cooling forming, the closing valve 34 can be in an open state, the crushing assembly 35 can crush the primary aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy, and the crushed primary aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy falls into the vacuum refining furnace 2 under the gravity.
In the present embodiment, the top end of the communication pipe 31 is closed by the communication valve 33, and the bottom end of the communication pipe 31 is closed by the closing valve 34, so that the area of the communication pipe 31 between the communication valve 33 and the closing valve 34 serves as a cooling container for the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy.
The specific process is that firstly, the communicating valve 33 at the top end of the communicating pipe 31 is closed, the raw materials in the thermite reaction furnace 1 are reacted, after the reaction is finished, the closed valve 34 of the communicating pipe 31 is closed, and meanwhile, the communicating valve 33 of the communicating pipe 31 is opened, so that the thermite reaction product flows into the communicating pipe 31, and the thermite reaction product is cooled and formed in the communicating pipe 31 (above the communicating valve 33), wherein the forming method can be natural cooling and forming, or cooling can be carried out through the outside of the communicating pipe 31 to accelerate the cooling process, and at the moment, the communicating valve 33 is closed, so that the raw materials in the thermite reaction furnace 1 can be continuously reacted; then, the closing valve 34 is opened, the formed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is used for blocking the communicating pipe 31, and the crushing assembly 35 is used for crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy from bottom to top, so that the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can automatically fall into the vacuum refining furnace 2.
In order to implement the above communication valve 33 which can be opened and closed circularly, the invention provides a preferable scheme that the crushing direction of the crushing component 35 for crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is opposite to the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; the communication valve 33 comprises a fixed disc 331 connected to the top end of the cooling chamber 32, at least one first feeding hole 332 is formed in the fixed disc 331, a rotating disc 333 is rotatably mounted on the fixed disc 331, and at least one second feeding hole 334 is formed in the rotating disc 333; the rotating disc 333 can enable the first feeding hole 332 and the second feeding hole 334 to be communicated through rotation of the rotating disc 333, a side flow hole 335 is formed in the side wall of the second feeding hole 334, the side flow hole 335 is communicated with the second feeding hole 334, and the side flow hole 335 is used for guiding the thermite reaction product.
In the present embodiment, when the fixed disk 331 and the rotary disk 333 are relatively rotated so that the second inlet hole 334 is aligned with the first inlet hole 332, the fixed disk 331 and the rotary disk 333 can communicate with each other, and otherwise, the fixed disk 331 and the rotary disk 333 are closed.
The scheme is characterized in that structural damage to the inner wall of the communicating pipe 31 can be avoided, the whole heat insulation effect of the communicating valve 33 can be improved by overlapping the fixed disc 331 and the rotating disc 333, and interference between cooling of the communicating pipe 31 and reaction in the thermite reaction furnace 1 is avoided.
In order to avoid that the thermite reaction product overflows into the second feed hole 334 and the first feed hole 332 in the process of loading the thermite reaction product in the communicating pipe 31, and thus the second feed hole 334 and the first feed hole 332 are blocked, the quantity of the product of one thermite reaction is preferably not more than the capacity of the communicating pipe 31 in the area between the communicating valve 33 and the closing valve 34.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, a limiting groove 36 is disposed on an inner wall of the cooling cavity 32, and at least a part of the formed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is located in the limiting groove 36.
The primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy after being formed is clamped through the limiting groove 36, so that the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is prevented from sliding downwards in the crushing process.
In practical use, the limiting groove 36 is set as a chute, demoulding oil is coated on the chute, and after the main body of the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is crushed, the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy remained in the limiting groove 36 can automatically slide down or be taken out by the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy in the crushing process.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, an installation chute 341 is opened on the communication pipe 31, and the sealing valve 34 can reciprocate in the installation chute 341 to seal or open the cooling chamber 32; the mounting chute 341 includes a first groove and a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are respectively located at two sides of the cooling cavity 32, one of the first groove and the second groove is a through groove, and the other is a blind groove; the close valve 34 comprises a close plate 342, an elastic plate 343 and a driving assembly 344, wherein the close plate 342 and the elastic plate 343 are arranged in a superposed manner, and the driving assembly 344 can drive the close plate 342 and the elastic plate 343 to move linearly to one side of the through slot so as to open the cooling cavity 32; the driving assembly 344 can drive the sealing plate 342 and the elastic plate 343 to move linearly to one side of the blind groove, so that two ends of the sealing plate 342 and the elastic plate 343 are respectively located in the blind groove and the through groove to close the cooling cavity 32; and the driving assembly 344 can provide vibration to the cover plate 342 or the elastic plate 343.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the pulverizing assembly 35 includes a mounting plate 351, a driving shaft 352, a plurality of crushing units 353; the driving shaft 352 is rotatably provided on the mounting plate 351, and the mounting plate 351 is provided on the inner wall of the cooling chamber 32 by a slider 354; the sliding member 354 can drive the mounting body 351 to reciprocate along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, a plurality of crushing units 353 are arranged at intervals on the driving shaft 352; the drive shaft 352 is capable of simultaneously powering each of the crushing units 353, and the mounting plate 351 is provided with blanking apertures 356.
Through the arrangement of the plurality of crushing units 353 in groups, the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is crushed for multiple times, so that the crushing degree of the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is further controlled.
Through controlling the ejection of compact degree to crushing unit 353 to make the crushing unit 353 of each grade with elementary aluminium vanadium intermediate alloy broken to predetermineeing the degree, just can carry out the ejection of compact, thereby realize controlling each grade crushing degree.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, a gear shaft 355 is sleeved on the driving shaft 352, the crushing unit 353 includes a follower plate 3531, an engagement tooth groove 3532, a cutting head 3533, and a longitudinal locking assembly, the engagement tooth groove 3532 is opened on the follower plate 3531, the engagement tooth groove 3532 is engaged with the gear shaft 355, the cutting head 3533 is installed on the follower plate 3531, and a discharge hole 3536 is opened on the follower plate 3531; the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can enter the next crushing unit 353 or enter the vacuum refining furnace 2 through a discharge hole 3536; the longitudinal locking assembly is disposed between the engagement teeth 3532 and the gear shaft 355, and the longitudinal locking assembly can lock between the engagement teeth 3532 and the gear shaft 355; the longitudinal locking assembly comprises a positioning hole 3537, the positioning hole 3537 is arranged on an external convex part of the gear shaft 355, a clamping rod 3538 is movably arranged on the meshing tooth groove 3532, and the clamping rod 3538 can be nested in the positioning hole 3537.
The engagement tooth groove 3532 at the topmost end is a blind groove, and the main purpose is to sleeve the follow-up plate 3531 at the topmost end on the top end of the gear shaft 355, so that the topmost crushing unit 353 is prevented from having a blind area for crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, and the crushing unit 353 cannot freely slide in the cooling cavity 32.
And the remaining engaging tooth grooves 3532 can freely slide in the longitudinal direction of the gear shaft 355, so that the distance between the respective follow-up plates 3531 can be arbitrarily adjusted, thereby adjusting the number of the crushing units 353.
A sliding groove is formed in the engagement tooth groove 3532 to mount the clamping rod 3538, and a linear driving motor is arranged in the sliding groove to drive the clamping rod 3538 to slide linearly in the sliding groove, so that the clamping rod 3538 slides in and out of the positioning hole 3537, and when the clamping rod 3538 slides in the positioning hole 3537, the engagement tooth groove 3532 is locked on the gear shaft 355; when the latch 3538 slides out of the positioning hole 3537, the engaging tooth groove 3532 can be detached from the gear shaft 355.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sliding member 354 includes a mounting protrusion 3541 and a telescopic rod 3542, the mounting protrusion 3541 is disposed on an inner wall of the cooling chamber 32, one end of the telescopic rod 3542 is connected to the mounting protrusion 3541, and the other end of the telescopic rod 3542 is connected to the mounting body 351.
Carry out the mode of slide drive through installation lug 3541 and telescopic link 3542, can effectively reduce the destruction to cooling chamber 32, for example prior art's spout and slider form need slot on cooling chamber 32, and elementary vanadium aluminium intermediate alloy in case get into the spout wherein and cool off, then can influence the function of slider and spout, and this scheme can effectively avoid this problem, and simple structure realizes easily.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present application and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, placing vanadium pentoxide and first aluminum in a thermite reaction furnace, and placing second aluminum in a vacuum refining furnace;
200, communicating the aluminothermic reaction furnace and the vacuum refining furnace through a communicating pipe, then closing two ends of the communicating pipe, and vacuumizing the vacuum refining furnace;
step 300, carrying out aluminothermic reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum to obtain a molten aluminothermic reaction product;
step 400, cooling, forming and crushing the molten thermite reaction product to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; adding the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy into the vacuum refining furnace, wherein the vacuum refining furnace is always in a vacuum state in the adding process of the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
step 500, smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and the secondary aluminum of the vacuum refining furnace to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-vanadium master alloy by the two-step method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step 400 specifically includes:
step 401, releasing the sealing of one end of the communicating pipe close to the thermite reaction furnace, so that the molten thermite reaction product flows into the communicating pipe under the action of gravity;
step 402, cooling and forming the molten thermite reaction product in the communicating pipe to obtain the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, so that the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy directly partitions the communicating pipe;
step 403, releasing the sealing of one end of the communicating pipe close to the thermite reaction furnace;
step 404, crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy along the direction from the vacuum refining furnace to the thermite reaction furnace, so that the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy automatically falls into the vacuum refining furnace under the action of gravity.
3. A device for preparing an aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by a two-step method is characterized in that: the method of claim 1 or 2 performed in the apparatus, comprising:
the thermite reaction furnace (1), the thermite reaction furnace (1) is used for carrying out thermite reaction on the vanadium pentoxide and the first aluminum;
a vacuum refining furnace (2), wherein the vacuum refining furnace (2) is positioned below the thermite reaction furnace (1), and the vacuum refining furnace (2) is used for smelting the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy and aluminum;
the communicating pipe (31) is connected between the thermite reaction furnace (1) and the vacuum refining furnace (2) and is used for controlling the connection and disconnection between the thermite reaction furnace (1) and the vacuum refining furnace (2) and cooling and forming the thermite reaction products in the thermite reaction furnace (1);
the sealed crushing and feeding integrated assembly (3) is used for crushing the aluminothermic reaction product after cooling and forming, and the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can be fed into the vacuum refining furnace (2) through the sealed crushing and feeding integrated assembly (3);
wherein, the vacuum refining furnace (2) is in a vacuum state in the process of feeding the sealed crushing and feeding integrated component (3) to the vacuum refining furnace (2).
4. The device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by the two-step method according to claim 3, wherein: a cooling cavity (32) is arranged in the communicating pipe (31), the sealed breaking and throwing integrated assembly (3) is arranged in the cooling cavity (32), and the cooling cavity (32) is communicated with the inner cavity of the thermite reaction furnace (1) and the inner cavity of the vacuum refining furnace (2);
along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, a communicating valve (33), a sealing valve (34) and a crushing assembly (35) are sequentially arranged in the cooling cavity (32), and the communicating valve (33) is arranged at the end part of the cooling cavity (32);
wherein the communication valve (33) and the closing valve (34) are each independently capable of closing or opening the cooling chamber (32); after the thermite reaction is completed, the communication valve (33) can be opened and the cooling cavity (32) is in a closed state, and the thermite reaction product can flow into the cooling cavity (32) under the action of gravity, so that the thermite reaction product can be cooled and formed between the communication valve (33) and the closed valve (34);
after the cooling and forming, the closing valve (34) can be in an open state, the crushing assembly (35) can crush the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, and the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy falls into the vacuum refining furnace (2) under the gravity.
5. The device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by the two-step method according to claim 4, wherein: the crushing direction of the crushing component (35) for crushing the primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is opposite to the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
the communication valve (33) comprises a fixed disc (331) connected to the top end of the cooling cavity (32), at least one first feeding hole (332) is formed in the fixed disc (331), a rotating disc (333) is rotatably mounted on the fixed disc (331), and at least one second feeding hole (334) is formed in the rotating disc (333);
the rotating disc (333) can enable the first feeding hole (332) and the second feeding hole (334) to be communicated through rotation of the rotating disc, a side flow hole (335) is formed in the side wall of the second feeding hole (334), the side flow hole (335) is communicated with the second feeding hole (334), and the side flow hole (335) is used for guiding the aluminothermic reaction product.
6. The device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by the two-step method according to claim 5, wherein: and a limiting groove (36) is formed in the inner wall of the cooling cavity (32), and at least part of the formed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is positioned in the limiting groove (36).
7. The device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by the two-step method according to claim 6, wherein: an installation chute (341) is formed in the communication pipe (31), and the sealing valve (34) can reciprocate in the installation chute (341) to seal or open the cooling cavity (32);
the mounting chute (341) comprises a first groove and a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are respectively positioned at two sides of the cooling cavity (32), one of the first groove and the second groove is a through groove, and the other groove is a blind groove;
the closing valve (34) comprises a closing plate (342), an elastic plate (343) and a driving assembly (344), the closing plate (342) and the elastic plate (343) are arranged in an overlapped mode, and the driving assembly (344) can drive the closing plate (342) and the elastic plate (343) to move linearly to one side of the through groove so as to open the cooling cavity (32); the driving assembly (344) can drive the sealing plate (342) and the elastic plate (343) to move linearly to one side of the blind groove, so that two ends of the sealing plate (342) and the elastic plate (343) are respectively positioned in the blind groove and the through groove to close the cooling cavity (32); and the drive assembly (344) is capable of providing a vibration to the closure plate (342) or the resilient plate (343).
8. The device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by the two-step method according to claim 7, wherein: the comminution assembly (35) comprises a mounting plate (351), a drive shaft (352), a plurality of crushing units (353); the drive shaft (352) is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate (351), and the mounting plate (351) is arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cavity (32) through a sliding piece (354); the sliding piece (354) can drive the mounting body (351) to reciprocate along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; a plurality of crushing units (353) are arranged on the driving shaft (352) at intervals along the blanking direction of the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy; the drive shaft (352) is capable of powering each of the crushing units (353) simultaneously, and the mounting plate (351) is provided with blanking apertures (356).
9. The device for preparing the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy by the two-step method according to claim 8, wherein: a gear shaft (355) is sleeved on the driving shaft (352), the crushing unit (353) comprises a follow-up plate (3531), an engagement tooth groove (3532), a cutting head (3533) and a longitudinal locking assembly, the engagement tooth groove (3532) is formed in the follow-up plate (3531), the engagement tooth groove (3532) is meshed with the gear shaft (355), the cutting head (3533) is mounted on the follow-up plate (3531), and a discharge hole (3536) is formed in the follow-up plate (3531); the crushed primary aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy can enter the next crushing unit (353) or enter a vacuum refining furnace (2) through a discharge hole (3536);
the longitudinal locking assembly is arranged between the meshing tooth grooves (3532) and the gear shaft (355), and the longitudinal locking assembly can lock the meshing tooth grooves (3532) and the gear shaft (355);
the longitudinal locking assembly comprises a positioning hole (3537), the positioning hole (3537) is arranged on an external convex part of the gear shaft (355), a clamping rod (3538) is movably mounted on the meshing tooth groove (3532), and the clamping rod (3538) can be nested in the positioning hole (3537).
10. The apparatus for preparing Al-V master alloy by two-step method according to claim 9, wherein: the sliding member (354) includes a mounting protrusion (3541) and a telescopic rod (3542), the mounting protrusion (3541) is disposed on an inner wall of the cooling chamber (32), one end of the telescopic rod (3542) is connected to the mounting protrusion (3541), and the other end of the telescopic rod (3542) is connected to the mounting body (351).
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