CN210109005U - Device for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of material by utilizing double-slit interference - Google Patents
Device for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of material by utilizing double-slit interference Download PDFInfo
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- CN210109005U CN210109005U CN201920711496.1U CN201920711496U CN210109005U CN 210109005 U CN210109005 U CN 210109005U CN 201920711496 U CN201920711496 U CN 201920711496U CN 210109005 U CN210109005 U CN 210109005U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an utilize device of double slit interference measurement material coefficient of thermal expansion which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser (1), an observation device (2) is matched with the laser (1), a double-slit device (3) is arranged between the laser (1) and the observation device (2), and the experimental device for measuring the micro deformation quantity by using the Young double-slit interference method with the variable double-slit interval is designed aiming at various problems of the traditional material thermal expansion coefficient measuring method. The special structure of the device determines that no shielding object is arranged in a gap for light to pass through to generate interference fringes in the measuring process, and the interference fringes projected on the observation screen device are ensured to be clear.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a detection device for material thermal expansion coefficient, especially an utilize double slit to interfere device that surveys material thermal expansion coefficient.
Background
The phenomenon that the volume or length of an object increases with the increase of temperature is called thermal expansion, and the thermal expansion coefficient is one of the main physical properties of the material and is an important index for measuring the thermal stability of the material. The measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient is also one of the typical experiments in college physical experiments.
There are many methods for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of solid materials, and the prior art mainly measures the thermal expansion coefficient by: optical, electrical, mechanical, etc. In some tests, particularly college physics experiments, the existing thermal expansion coefficient measurement method is mainly an optical lever method. The measuring device of the optical lever mainly comprises a reading telescope, a meter ruler, a solid linear expansion coefficient tester, a copper bar, the optical lever, a thermometer and the like. In the measuring process, an observer can clearly see the image of the scale from the telescope by adjusting, then the temperature is gradually increased to enable the metal rod to be heated and expanded, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal rod is obtained through the relationship among the extended micro length of the metal rod, the rotating angle of the small reflecting plane mirror and the reading difference of the scale in the telescope image. The measuring method and the measuring device have the following disadvantages: the method is characterized in that the small length change is amplified by an optical lever method and then measured, so that the problem that the image is difficult to adjust occurs when a telescope is used for looking at a scale image in a plane mirror; in the traditional measurement, the light path of a non-vertical plane is approximately regarded as the light path of the same vertical plane, and certain errors exist; the reading of the scale is observed through a telescope, visual difference is generated during observation, and the accuracy of the scale is low. Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus or method for accurately measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion of a metal rod that solves the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model relates to a solve the above-mentioned not enough that prior art exists, provided a simple structure, design benefit, simple process, low in manufacturing cost is honest and clean, the little device that utilizes the double slit to interfere survey material thermal expansion coefficient.
The technical solution of the utility model is that: the utility model provides an utilize device of double slit interference measurement material coefficient of thermal expansion which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser 1, an observation device 2 matched with the laser 1, a double-slit device 3 arranged between the laser 1 and the observation device 2,
the double-seam device 3 comprises a shell 4, a heating cylinder 5 is arranged in the shell 4, a resistance wire 6 is arranged in an interlayer of the heating cylinder 5, a metal rod 7 to be detected is arranged in the heating cylinder 5, a heat insulation connecting mechanism 8 is arranged at the top end of the metal rod 7 to be detected, the double-seam device 3 further comprises an upper shell 9 and a lower shell 10 which are mutually connected in a sliding manner, wherein the bottom of the upper shell 9 is connected with an upper shell sliding block 11, an upper gap 12 is formed between the upper shell sliding block 11 and the upper shell 9, the upper part of the lower shell 10 is connected with a lower shell sliding block 13, a lower gap 14 is formed between the lower shell sliding block 13 and the lower shell 10, the upper shell sliding block 11 is connected with the lower shell sliding block 13 in a sliding manner, the upper shell 9 is connected with the shell 4 through a support, a temperature sensor 15 is further arranged in the shell 4, and the, and the temperature sensor 15 is also connected with the temperature measuring and controlling instrument 16 through a lead,
the heat insulation connecting mechanism 8 comprises a frame 21 made of heat insulation materials, one end of the frame 21 is provided with a connecting sleeve 22 matched with the end part of the metal rod 7 to be measured, a supporting frame 23 is connected in the frame 21 in a sliding way, a locking bolt 24 is connected on the supporting frame 23 in a threaded way, the top end of the supporting frame 23 is connected with the lower shell 10,
the observation device 2 comprises a shading tube 17, the tail end of the shading tube 17 is provided with an optical signal receiving screen 18, a CCD data processing module 19 is arranged on the optical signal receiving screen 18, and the temperature measuring and controlling instrument 16 and the CCD data processing module 19 are connected with a computer 20 through wires.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, have following advantage:
the device for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal rod in the structural form has the advantages of simple structure, ingenious design and reasonable layout, is designed aiming at various problems of the traditional method for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of the material, is an experimental device for measuring the tiny deformation by an interference method, is simple to operate and convenient to adjust, omits the indirect conversion of various parameters in the traditional method or the structure, reduces the sources of errors, and simultaneously, the parameters required to be read are not required to be observed by a telescope and are more direct and accurate. The special structure of the device determines that in the measuring process, after light passes through the gap for generating interference fringes and then passes through the black shading cylinder, the interference fringes projected on the observation screen device are ensured to be clear. And the variable-interval Young double-slit heating system adopted by the device can be used for conveniently, quickly and accurately measuring and calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of a certain metal rod, and the device is particularly suitable for comprehensive designability experiments in college and university physical experiments and has very wide market prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat insulation connecting mechanism portion in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. As shown in fig. 1 and 2: a device for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of a material by utilizing double-slit interference comprises a laser 1, an observation device 2 matched with the laser 1, a double-slit device 3 arranged between the laser 1 and the observation device 2,
the double-seam device 3 comprises a shell 4, a heating cylinder 5 is arranged in the shell 4, a resistance wire 6 is arranged in an interlayer of the heating cylinder 5, a metal rod 7 to be detected is arranged in the heating cylinder 5, a heat insulation connecting mechanism 8 is arranged at the top end of the metal rod 7 to be detected, the double-seam device 3 further comprises an upper shell 9 and a lower shell 10 which are mutually connected in a sliding manner, wherein the bottom of the upper shell 9 is connected with an upper shell sliding block 11, an upper gap 12 is formed between the upper shell sliding block 11 and the upper shell 9, the upper part of the lower shell 10 is connected with a lower shell sliding block 13, a lower gap 14 is formed between the lower shell sliding block 13 and the lower shell 10, the upper shell sliding block 11 is connected with the lower shell sliding block 13 in a sliding manner, the upper shell 9 is connected with the shell 4 through a support, a temperature sensor 15 is further arranged in the shell 4, and the, and the temperature sensor 15 is also connected with the temperature measuring and controlling instrument 16 through a lead,
the observation device 2 comprises a shading tube 17, the tail end of the shading tube 17 is provided with an optical signal receiving screen 18, a CCD data processing module 19 is arranged on the optical signal receiving screen 18, and the temperature measuring and controlling instrument 16 and the CCD data processing module 19 are connected with a computer 20 through wires.
The heat insulation connecting mechanism 8 comprises a frame 21 made of heat insulation materials, one end of the frame 21 is provided with a connecting sleeve 22 matched with the end part of the metal rod 7 to be tested, a supporting frame 23 is connected in the frame 21 in a sliding mode, a locking bolt 24 is connected to the supporting frame 23 in a threaded mode, and the top end of the supporting frame 23 is connected with the lower shell 10.
The utility model discloses utilize double slit to interfere survey device of material coefficient of thermal expansion's working process as follows: firstly, a metal rod 7 to be measured is placed in a heating cylinder 5 of a shell 4, the length of the metal rod 7 to be measured is selected to be L, the diameter of the metal rod is selected to be d, a connecting sleeve 22 at the bottom end of a heat insulation connecting mechanism 8 is sleeved at the top end of the metal rod 7 to be measured,
then, the adiabatic connecting mechanism 8 is adjusted according to the required distance between the double gaps, and the specific adjusting process is as follows: the supporting frame 23 is driven to slide in the frame 21, the relative position between the supporting frame 23 and the frame 21 is changed, then the supporting frame 23 and the frame 21 are fixed by using the locking bolt 24, it needs to be noted that the widths of the upper gap 12 and the lower gap 14 are not only beneficial to measurement, but also ensure that the upper shell sliding block 11 and the lower shell sliding block 13 cannot be completely separated in the sliding process, the distance between the two gaps is adjusted to be b by adjusting the relative position between the upper shell 9 and the lower shell 10, and if the metal rod 7 to be measured is heated, the thermal expansion variation thereof is delta L, and the distance between the double-slit device 3 and the optical signal receiving screen 18 is D;
starting the laser 1, after laser generated by the laser 1 passes through the double-slit device 3, specifically, after passing through two slits on the double-slit device 3, entering the shading cylinder 12, and finally generating interference fringes on the optical signal receiving screen 18, wherein the optical signal receiving screen 18 converts an optical signal into an electrical signal under the action of the CCD data processing module 19, and displays a light intensity distribution curve on a display screen of the computer 20;
then the resistance wire 6 is controlled to be electrified to heat the metal rod 7 to be tested, the metal rod 7 to be tested expands after being heated, the length variation of the metal rod 7 to be tested is delta L, and the bottom end of the metal rod 7 to be tested is fixed in the heating cylinder 5, so that the metal rod 7 to be tested can drive the connecting sleeve 22 at the top end and the lower shell 10 fixedly connected with the connecting sleeve 22 to move upwards after being heated and deformed, and the upper shell 9 is fixedly supported on the shell 4, so that the distance between the upper gap 12 and the lower gap 14 is shortened finally caused by the movement, but the width of the upper gap 12 and the width of the lower gap 14 are kept unchanged; the variation in the distance between the upper slit 12 and the lower slit 14 at this time is Δ b;
the CCD data processing module 19 processes the optical signal, displays the light intensity distribution curve on the display screen of the computer 20, selects the number m and n of the fringe levels on the same side, and records the temperature at the momentT 1 Sum peak coordinate and fringe spacing
The selected temperature gradient is T, and the temperature is recordedT 2 And peak coordinate and fringe spacing
，
The temperature gradient is selected to be between 10 degrees < = T <15 degrees when the expansion coefficient is 1< α < =5, 8 degrees < = T <10 degrees when the expansion coefficient is 5< α < =10, 6 degrees < = T <8 degrees when the expansion coefficient is 10< α < =20, 4 degrees < = T <6 degrees when the expansion coefficient is 20< α < =30, and 2 degrees < = T <4 degrees when the expansion coefficient is α > 30;
when interference occurs, for the k-th order bright fringe:
by the formula
To obtain
The lengths of the material rods at temperatures T1 and T2 are L1 and L2, respectively, and in the case of not too high a temperature change, L1 and L2 are approximately equal and can be regarded as L. The wavelength of the laser beam generated by the laser 1 is λ, and the above-mentioned Δ b, D, Δ L, T are expressed1、T2M, n, λ and
、
substituting the formula, the corresponding thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range is:
to obtain
(Note:
is original length)
Mixing the above D, T1、T2M, n, λ and
、Δ b into the formula: the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal rod to be measured can be obtained through calculation.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides an utilize device of double slit interference measurement material coefficient of thermal expansion which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser (1), an observation device (2) matched with the laser (1), a double-slit device (3) arranged between the laser (1) and the observation device (2),
the double-seam device (3) comprises a shell (4), a heating cylinder (5) is arranged in the shell (4), a resistance wire (6) is arranged in an interlayer of the heating cylinder (5), a metal rod (7) to be detected is arranged in the heating cylinder (5), a heat insulation connecting mechanism (8) is arranged at the top end of the metal rod (7) to be detected, the double-seam device (3) further comprises an upper shell (9) and a lower shell (10) which are mutually connected in a sliding manner, wherein the bottom of the upper shell (9) is connected with an upper shell sliding block (11), an upper gap (12) is formed between the upper shell sliding block (11) and the upper shell (9), the upper part of the lower shell (10) is connected with a lower shell sliding block (13), a lower gap (14) is formed between the lower shell sliding block (13) and the lower shell (10), and the upper shell sliding block (11) and the lower shell sliding block (13) are connected, the upper shell (9) is connected with the shell (4) through a bracket, a temperature sensor (15) is also arranged in the shell (4), the temperature sensor (15) is contacted with the metal bar (7) to be measured, and the temperature sensor (15) is also connected with a temperature measuring and controlling instrument (16) through a lead,
the heat insulation connecting mechanism (8) comprises a frame (21) made of heat insulation materials, one end of the frame (21) is provided with a connecting sleeve (22) matched with the end part of the metal rod (7) to be tested, a supporting frame (23) is connected in the frame (21) in a sliding way, a locking bolt (24) is connected on the supporting frame (23) in a threaded way, the top end of the supporting frame (23) is connected with the lower shell (10),
observation device (2) including shading a section of thick bamboo (17), the end of shading a section of thick bamboo (17) is provided with light signal and accepts screen (18), is provided with CCD data processing module (19) on light signal accepts screen (18), temperature observe and control appearance (16) and CCD data processing module (19) all link to each other with computer (20) through the wire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920711496.1U CN210109005U (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Device for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of material by utilizing double-slit interference |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920711496.1U CN210109005U (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Device for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of material by utilizing double-slit interference |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN210109005U true CN210109005U (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| CN201920711496.1U Expired - Fee Related CN210109005U (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Device for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of material by utilizing double-slit interference |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110146541A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-20 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of device and its measurement method for surveying material thermal expansion coefficient using two-slit interference |
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2019
- 2019-05-17 CN CN201920711496.1U patent/CN210109005U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110146541A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-20 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of device and its measurement method for surveying material thermal expansion coefficient using two-slit interference |
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