CN206618711U - The device of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction - Google Patents
The device of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN206618711U CN206618711U CN201720289393.1U CN201720289393U CN206618711U CN 206618711 U CN206618711 U CN 206618711U CN 201720289393 U CN201720289393 U CN 201720289393U CN 206618711 U CN206618711 U CN 206618711U
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- thermal expansion
- expansion coefficient
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Abstract
The utility model discloses the device that a kind of utilization single slit diffraction surveys material thermal expansion coefficient, it is characterised in that：Described device includes laser（1）, with laser（1）Mutually equipped with single seam device（2）, with single seam device（2）Mutually it is furnished with observation device（3）It is directed to the variety of problems present in traditional material thermal expansion coefficient measuring method, design a kind of experimental provision that micro-displacement is measured with diffraction method, its is simple to operate, it is easy to adjust, the indirect reformer of various parameters in conventional method or structure is eliminated, the source of error is reduced, parameter for reading simultaneously required for it simultaneously need not be more directly and accurate using telescope observation.Its special construction determined during measurement, for light by the gap to produce diffraction fringe without any shelter, it is ensured that the diffraction fringe being incident upon on observation screen device is clear.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of detection means of material thermal expansion coefficient, particularly a kind of to be measured and monitored the growth of standing timber using single slit diffraction
Expect the device of thermal coefficient of expansion.
Background technology
Thermal coefficient of expansion is to describe the important physical amount that solid material is deformed upon under temperature change.Be engineering technology,
The physical quantity commonly used in scientific research.The measurement of thermal coefficient of expansion is also one of Classic Experiments in Experiment of College Physics.
The measurement of thermal coefficient of expansion mainly has in the prior art：Optical lever method, shifting side microscopic method etc..Some test,
Particularly in Experiment of College Physics, existing thermal coefficient of expansion measuring method is mainly optical lever method.The measurement apparatus of optical lever
Mainly it is made up of Telescope, meter ruler, solid linear expansion coefficient tester, copper rod, optical lever, thermometer etc..Measurement process
In by regulation enable observer to be clearly visible that the picture of scale from telescope, then gradually rising temperature makes metal bar
Rod reading in expanded by heating, angle and telescope picture that the tiny length extended by metal bar, small plane of reflection mirror are turned over
The relation of difference obtains the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal bar.The measuring method and device have the shortcomings that following：It is by small length
Degree change is measured after being amplified by optical lever method, thus by telescope see in level crossing scale as when picture occurs
The problem of being difficult to regulation；It is the light path that the light path of non-vertical plane is approximately regarded as to same perpendicular in traditional measurement,
In the presence of certain error；The reading of scale is observed by telescope, and visual difference, the accuracy of scale can be produced during observation
It is relatively low.In order to solve the above problems, paper now with the thermal coefficient of expansion that supplied materials is measured using Slit Diffraction and specially
Profit, but these technologies are the problem of still have certain, and one of problem is exactly to cause visual difference when being observed and by people
It can cause error for regulation metal bar.Therefore a kind of device or method that can solve the problem that above mentioned problem are needed now, accurately survey
Measure the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal bar.
The content of the invention
The utility model is that design is ingeniously in order to solve the above-mentioned deficiency present in prior art, propose that one kind is simple in construction
Wonderful, technique is simple, and the utilization single slit diffraction that manufacturing cost is cheap, error is small surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient.
Technical solution of the present utility model is：A kind of utilization single slit diffraction surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, its
It is characterised by：Described device includes laser 1, with laser mutually equipped with single seam device 2, with single seam device 2 mutually equipped with observation
Device 3,
Described single seam device includes being provided with cartridge heater 5 in two symmetrically arranged housings 4, housing 4, cartridge heater 5
Resistance wire 6 is provided with interlayer, metal bar 7 to be measured is provided with cartridge heater 5, one end of metal bar 7 to be measured is connected by thermal insulation
Fitting 8 is connected with blade 9, and single seam of horizontal distribution is formed between two blades 9, and TEMP is additionally provided with housing 4
Device 10, temperature sensor 10 is contacted with metal bar 7 to be measured, and temperature sensor 10 also passes through wire and the phase of temperature measurement-control instrument 11
Even,
Described observation device 3 includes cone 12, and the end of cone 12 is provided with optical signal and receives screen 13, in light letter
Number receive screen 13 on be provided with ccd data processing module 14, described ccd data processing module 14 passes through wire and computer 15
It is connected,
Described insulating connector 8 includes the framework 16 that is made up of heat-insulating material, one end of framework 16 be provided with
The adapter sleeve 17 that the end of metal bar 7 to be measured matches, slidably connects blade link 18, and connect in blade in framework 16
Connect and clamping screw 19 is also threaded with frame 18, the end of blade link 18 is connected with blade 9.
The utility model compared with the existing technology, has the following advantages that：
The device of the measurement metal bar thermal coefficient of expansion of this kind of structure type, its is simple in construction, ingenious in design, and layout is closed
Reason, it is directed to the variety of problems present in traditional material thermal expansion coefficient measuring method, designs one kind and is surveyed with diffraction method
The experimental provision of micro-displacement is measured, its is simple to operate, easy to adjust, eliminate the indirect of various parameters in conventional method or structure
Conversion, reduce the source of error, while it required for read parameter and need not using telescope observation, more directly and
Accurately.Its special construction determined during measurement, for light by the gap to produce diffraction fringe without any
Shelter, it is ensured that the diffraction fringe being incident upon on observation screen device is clear.And the double heating systems of double stick that the present apparatus is used,
The blade set on metal bar termination to be measured can apply certain power to metal bar, be heated if only to single rod, above-mentioned
Power can cause measurement result to there is error, and two metal bars of the creative use genesis analysis of the present apparatus（With blade）Knot
Blade below structure, metal bar so above can produce pulling force to the metal bar, and above underlying metal bar
Blade can then produce pressure to the metal bar, due in this Liang Tao mechanism, metal bar, blade and connection therebetween
Influence produced by mechanism all same, therefore above-mentioned pulling force can make up the influence produced by above-mentioned pressure just, so as to protect
Demonstrate,prove the accuracy of measurement；Using the present apparatus, the thermal coefficient of expansion of some metal bar can convenient, be fast and accurately calculated, should
Device is particularly suitable for the Comprehensive Experiments in institution of higher learning's Experiment of College Physics, and its market prospects is very wide.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the A portions enlarged drawing in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with brief description of the drawings embodiment of the present utility model.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2：One kind utilizes single seam
Diffraction surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, and described device includes laser 1, with laser mutually equipped with single seam device 2, with list
Stitch device 2 and be mutually furnished with laser that observation device 3, i.e. laser 1 produce after singly seam device 2, can produce diffraction phenomena, and
Diffraction fringe is projected on observation device 3, after the metal bar to be measured 7 in singly seam device 2 is heated, its entire length can become
Change, the change can cause the change of single slit width degree, and corresponding change also occurs in the diffraction fringe on observation device 3, according to
The change can accurately at measuring and calculating metal bar 7 to be measured thermal coefficient of expansion；
Above-mentioned single seam device includes two symmetrically arranged housings 4, and the two housings 4 are located at laser respectively in the vertical
The upper and lower ends for the light that device 1 is sent, are provided with cartridge heater 5, the interlayer of cartridge heater 5 in housing 4 and are provided with resistance wire
6, metal bar 7 to be measured is provided with cartridge heater 5, one end of metal bar 7 to be measured is connected by insulating connector 8 with blade 9, two
Single seam of horizontal distribution is formed between two blades 9 in individual housing 4, temperature sensor 10, temperature are additionally provided with housing 4
Sensor 10 is contacted with metal bar 7 to be measured, and temperature sensor 10 is also connected by wire with temperature measurement-control instrument 11,
Insulating connector 8 includes a framework 16 being made up of heat-insulating material, and one end of framework 16 is provided with and gold to be measured
Belong to the adapter sleeve 17 that the end of rod 7 matches, when adapter sleeve 17 is socketed in the termination of metal bar 7 to be measured, adapter sleeve 17 is just with treating
Survey metal bar 7 and connect as one structure, blade link 18 is slidably connected in framework 16, and on blade link 18
Clamping screw 19 is also threaded with, the end of blade link 18 is connected with blade 9
Observation device 3 includes cone 12, and the end of cone 12 is provided with optical signal and receives screen 13, receives in optical signal
Ccd data processing module 14 is provided with screen 13, described ccd data processing module 14 is connected by wire with computer 15,
Described laser 1, resistance wire 6 and temperature measurement-control instrument 11 is controlled also by computer 15.
The course of work that the utilization single slit diffraction of the utility model embodiment surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient is as follows：It is first
First two identical metal bars 7 to be measured are respectively placed in the cartridge heater 5 in two housings 4, selected metal to be measured
The length of rod 7 is L, a diameter of d, and connects blade 9 by insulating connector 8 in the end of each metal bar 7 to be measured（Will be exhausted
The adapter sleeve 17 of thermally coupled part 8 is socketed on the termination of metal bar 7 to be measured）,
Then the width in gap as needed adjusts insulating connector 8, and specific regulation process is, driving blade connection
Frame 8 is slided in framework 16, after sliding in place, screws clamping screw 19, by fixed between framework 16 and blade link 18, lock
Extremely, it should be noted that the width in gap should be conducive to measurement, ensure that the gap of slit is not closed, and adjusts two knives again
The width in the gap between piece 9 is b, and its thermal expansion variable quantity is after single metal bar 7 to be measured is heated, the gap to light is believed
Number receiving screen the distance between 13 is, control laser 1 to work, the laser that laser 1 is produced is by between two blades 9
Behind gap, into cone 12, and diffraction fringe finally is produced on optical signal receiving screen 13, and in ccd data processing module
In the presence of 14, electric signal is converted optical signal into, and in the display screen display curve of light distribution of computer 15；
Switch is opened, while controlling two sets of resistance wires 6 to work, two metal bars 7 to be measured are heated simultaneously, gold to be measured
Belong to after the expanded by heating of rod 7, its length changes（Its thermal expansion variable quantity is）, because upper end housing 4 is fixed, while its
Interior cartridge heater 5 is also fixed, and the top of the metal bar to be measured 7 in upper end housing 4 is against the top of cartridge heater 5, it is impossible to
Metal bar to be measured 7 in top offset, therefore upper end housing 4 expands downwards, that is, the metal bar to be measured 7 after being heated in upper end housing 4
Expansion downwards；Equally, the housing 4 of lower end is also fixed, and the cartridge heater 5 in it is also fixed, and the gold to be measured in the housing 4 of lower end
The bottom of category rod 7 is against the bottom of cartridge heater 5, it is impossible to which the metal bar to be measured 7 into bottom offset, therefore the housing 4 of lower end is upward
Expansion, that is, the metal bar to be measured 7 being heated in the housing 4 of posterior end expands upwards,
That is after cartridge heater 5 works, two displacements in the vertical of blade 9 can be caused, finally allow the width in gap to be sent out
Changing,
Ccd data processing module 14 is handled optical signal, and in the display screen display light distribution of computer 15
Curve, selectes fringe order m, n of the same side, records now temperatureWith peak coordinate and fringe spacing, often cross 10
Degree, records temperatureAnd the spacing between peak coordinate and striped,
The wavelength for the laser that laser 1 is produced is λ, will be above-mentioned、、、、, m, n, λ and、Substitute into formula：
。
When occurring diffraction, have to kth level bright fringes：
For the of central bright fringe sideLevel bright fringes and n-th grade of bright fringes have：
WhenDuring very little,, there is following relational expression：
When heating metal bar, due to metal bar deformation elongation, the metal bar to be measured 7 of lower section expands upwards, makes coupled
Underlying blade 9 move up, and the metal bar to be measured 7 of top downwards expand, make coupled blade 9 above
Move down, seam spacing reduces, if the knots modification of seam spacing is, a metal bar deformation quantityIt is both the knots modification of seam：
The thermal coefficient of expansion formula of metal is：
(note：It is for original length)
So having：
Will be above-mentioned、、, m, n, λ and、、Substitute into formula：Calculate and obtain metal bar to be measured
Thermal coefficient of expansion.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of utilization single slit diffraction surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, it is characterised in that：Described device includes laser
（1）, with laser（1）Mutually equipped with single seam device（2）, with single seam device（2）Mutually it is furnished with observation device（3）,
Described single seam device includes two symmetrically arranged housings（4）, housing（4）Inside it is provided with cartridge heater（5）, cartridge heater
（5）Interlayer in be provided with resistance wire（6）, in cartridge heater（5）Inside it is provided with metal bar to be measured（7）, metal bar to be measured（7）One
End passes through insulating connector（8）With blade（9）It is connected, and two blades（9）Between form single seam of horizontal distribution, in housing
（4）Inside it is additionally provided with temperature sensor（10）, temperature sensor（10）With metal bar to be measured（7）Contact, and temperature sensor
（10）Also pass through wire and temperature measurement-control instrument（11）It is connected,
Described observation device（3）Including cone（12）, cone（12）End be provided with optical signal and receive screen（13）,
Optical signal receives screen（13）On be provided with ccd data processing module（14）, described ccd data processing module（14）Pass through wire
With computer（15）It is connected.
2. utilization single slit diffraction according to claim 1 surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, it is characterised in that：Described
Insulating connector（8）Including a framework being made up of heat-insulating material（16）, framework（16）One end be provided with and metal to be measured
Rod（7）End match adapter sleeve（17）, in framework（16）Inside slidably connect blade link（18）, and connect in blade
Connect frame（18）On be also threaded with clamping screw（19）, blade link（18）End and blade（9）It is connected.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720289393.1U CN206618711U (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-03-23 | The device of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720289393.1U CN206618711U (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-03-23 | The device of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction |
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| CN206618711U true CN206618711U (en) | 2017-11-07 |
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| CN201720289393.1U Expired - Fee Related CN206618711U (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-03-23 | The device of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109490307A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-03-19 | 沈阳工程学院 | Device based on pinhole imaging system metal linear expansion coefficient measurement |
| CN109507225A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-22 | 彩虹显示器件股份有限公司 | A kind of percent thermal shrinkage measuring device and measuring method of high strain-point electronic glass |
-
2017
- 2017-03-23 CN CN201720289393.1U patent/CN206618711U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109507225A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-22 | 彩虹显示器件股份有限公司 | A kind of percent thermal shrinkage measuring device and measuring method of high strain-point electronic glass |
| CN109490307A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-03-19 | 沈阳工程学院 | Device based on pinhole imaging system metal linear expansion coefficient measurement |
| CN109490307B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-11-03 | 沈阳工程学院 | Device for measuring metal linear expansion coefficient based on small hole imaging |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20171107 Termination date: 20180323 |
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