CN106814100A - The device and method of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction - Google Patents
The device and method of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using single slit diffraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN106814100A CN106814100A CN201710178193.3A CN201710178193A CN106814100A CN 106814100 A CN106814100 A CN 106814100A CN 201710178193 A CN201710178193 A CN 201710178193A CN 106814100 A CN106814100 A CN 106814100A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the device that a kind of utilization single slit diffraction surveys material thermal expansion coefficient, it is characterised in that：Described device includes laser（1）, with laser（1）Mutually equipped with single seam device（2）, with single seam device（2）Mutually it is furnished with observation device（3）Its variety of problems existing for traditional material thermal expansion coefficient measuring method, design the experimental provision that a kind of diffraction method measures micro-displacement, its is simple to operate, it is easy to adjust, the indirect reformer of various parameters in conventional method or structure is eliminated, reduce the source of error, parameter for reading required for it simultaneously need not simultaneously observe using telescope, more directly with accurately.Its special construction determines during measurement, for light by with the gap for producing diffraction fringe without any shelter, it is ensured that the diffraction fringe being incident upon on observation screen device is clear.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection means of material thermal expansion coefficient, particularly a kind of being measured and monitored the growth of standing timber using single slit diffraction expects heat
The device of the coefficient of expansion, and the method for carrying out thermal coefficient of expansion measuring and calculating to material using the device.
Background technology
Thermal coefficient of expansion is to describe the important physical amount that solid material is deformed upon under temperature change.Be engineering technology,
The physical quantity commonly used in scientific research.The measurement of thermal coefficient of expansion is also one of Classic Experiments in Experiment of College Physics.
The measurement of thermal coefficient of expansion in the prior art mainly has：Optical lever method, shifting side microscopic method etc..Some test,
Particularly in Experiment of College Physics, existing thermal coefficient of expansion measuring method is mainly optical lever method.The measurement apparatus of optical lever
Mainly it is made up of Telescope, meter ruler, solid linear expansion coefficient tester, copper rod, optical lever, thermometer etc..Measurement process
In by regulation enable that observer is clearly visible that the picture of scale from telescope, then gradually rising temperature makes metal bar
Expanded by heating, rod reading in the angle turned over by the tiny length of metal bar elongation, small plane of reflection mirror and telescope picture
Poor relation obtains the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal bar.The measuring method and device have the shortcomings that following：It is by small length
Degree change is measured after being amplified by optical lever method, thus by telescope see in level crossing scale as when picture occurs
It is difficult to the problem for adjusting；It is the light path that the light path of non-vertical plane is approximately regarded as same perpendicular in traditional measurement,
In the presence of certain error；The reading of scale observed by telescope, and visual difference, the accuracy of scale can be produced during observation
It is relatively low.In order to solve the above problems, paper now with the thermal coefficient of expansion that supplied materials is measured using Slit Diffraction and specially
Profit, but it is exactly to cause visual difference when being observed and by people that these technologies are still present one of certain problem, problem
For regulation metal bar can cause error.Therefore a kind of device or method that can solve the problem that above mentioned problem are needed now, accurately survey
Measure the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal bar.
The content of the invention
The present invention is, in order to solve the above-mentioned deficiency existing for prior art, to propose a kind of simple structure, designs ingenious, work
Skill is simple, and the small utilization single slit diffraction of cheap for manufacturing cost, error surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, and utilizes the device
The method that thermal coefficient of expansion measuring and calculating is carried out to material.
Technical solution of the invention is：A kind of utilization single slit diffraction surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, its feature
It is：Described device includes laser 1, with laser mutually equipped with single seam device 2, is mutually furnished with observation device with single seam device 2
3,
Described single seam device includes being provided with cartridge heater 5, the interlayer of cartridge heater 5 in two symmetrically arranged housings 4, housing 4
In be provided with resistance wire 6, metal bar to be measured 7 is provided with the cartridge heater 5, one end of metal bar to be measured 7 passes through insulating connector 8
It is connected with blade 9, and the single of horizontal distribution is formed between two blades 9 and is stitched, temperature sensor 10 is additionally provided with housing 4,
Temperature sensor 10 is contacted with metal bar to be measured 7, and temperature sensor 10 is also connected by wire with temperature measurement-control instrument 11,
Described observation device 3 includes cone 12, and the end of cone 12 is provided with optical signal and receives screen 13, connect in optical signal
By ccd data processing module 14 is provided with screen 13, described ccd data processing module 14 passes through wire and the phase of computer 15
Even,
Described insulating connector 8 includes a framework 16 being made up of heat-insulating material, one end of framework 16 be provided with it is to be measured
The adapter sleeve 17 that the end of metal bar 7 matches, blade link 18 is slidably connected in framework 16, and in blade link
Clamping screw 19 is also threaded with 18, the end of blade link 18 is connected with blade 9.
The side of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using the device for surveying material thermal expansion coefficient using single slit diffraction as described above
Method, it is characterised in that：Described method is followed the steps below：
In a, the cartridge heater 5 that two identical metal bars to be measured 7 are respectively placed in two housings 4, metal bar to be measured 7
Length is L, a diameter of d, and connects blade 9 by insulating connector 8 in the end of each metal bar to be measured 7,
B, the width in gap as needed adjust insulating connector 8, it is ensured that the width in the gap between two blades 9 is b,
Its thermal expansion variable quantity is after single metal bar to be measured 7 is heated, the gap to optical signal receives screen the distance between 13 and is,
Start laser 1, laser in optical signal by meeting after cone 12 by behind the gap between two blades 9, receiving on screen 13
Diffraction fringe is produced, in the presence of ccd data processing module 14, electric signal is converted optical signal into, and in computer 15
The display screen display curve of light distribution,
C, while control two sets resistance wires 6 work, metal bar to be measured 7 is heated, after the expanded by heating of metal bar to be measured 7 its length send out
Changing, drives two displacements in the vertical of blade 9, causes the width in gap to change,
D, ccd data processing module 14 are processed optical signal, and bent in the display screen display light distribution of computer 15
Line, selectes fringe order m, n of the same side, records now temperatureWith peak coordinate and fringe spacing, 10 degree are often crossed,
Record temperatureAnd the spacing between peak coordinate and striped,
The wavelength of the laser that e, laser 1 are produced is λ, will be above-mentioned、、、、, m, n, λ and、Substitute into formula：
,
Calculate the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal bar to be measured.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, has the following advantages that：
This kind of device of the measurement metal bar thermal coefficient of expansion of structure type, its simple structure designs ingenious, rationally distributed, it
For the variety of problems existing for traditional material thermal expansion coefficient measuring method, the measurement of one kind diffraction method is designed small
The experimental provision of displacement, its is simple to operate, easy to adjust, eliminates the indirect reformer of various parameters in conventional method or structure,
Reduce the source of error, at the same it required for read parameter and need not observe using telescope, more directly with accurately.
Its special construction determines during measurement, blocked without any in the gap of diffraction fringe by being produced for light
Thing, it is ensured that the diffraction fringe being incident upon on observation screen device is clear.And the double heating systems of double stick that the present apparatus is used, treat
Surveying the blade set on metal bar termination can apply certain power to metal bar, be heated if only to single rod, above-mentioned power
Measurement result can be caused to there is error, and two metal bars of the creative use genesis analysis of the present apparatus（With blade）Knot
Structure, the blade below metal bar so above can produce pulling force to the metal bar, and above underlying metal bar
Blade can then produce pressure, due in this Liang Tao mechanism, metal bar, blade and connection therebetween to the metal bar
Mechanism's all same, therefore influence produced by above-mentioned pulling force can make up the influence produced by above-mentioned pressure just, so as to protect
Demonstrate,prove the accuracy of measurement；Using the present apparatus, with reference to the method disclosed in the present, can it is convenient, fast and accurately calculate certain
The thermal coefficient of expansion of individual metal bar, the apparatus and method, the synthesis being particularly suitable in institution of higher learning's Experiment of College Physics sets
Meter experiment, its market prospects are very wide.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A portions enlarged drawing in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with brief description of the drawings specific embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2：One kind utilizes single slit diffraction
The device of material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed, described device includes laser 1, with laser mutually equipped with single seam device 2, with single seam dress
2 are put mutually equipped with observation device 3, the i.e. laser of the generation of laser 1 by after singly seam device 2, diffraction phenomena can be produced, and in observation
Diffraction fringe is projected on device 3, after the metal bar to be measured 7 in singly seam device 2 is heated, its entire length can change,
The change can cause the change of single seam width, and the diffraction fringe on observation device 3 also occurs corresponding change, according to the change
Change can accurately at measuring and calculating metal bar to be measured 7 thermal coefficient of expansion；
Above-mentioned single seam device includes two symmetrically arranged housings 4, and the two housings 4 are located at laser 1 respectively in the vertical
The upper and lower ends of the light for being sent, cartridge heater 5 is provided with housing 4, and resistance wire 6 is provided with the interlayer of cartridge heater 5,
Metal bar to be measured 7 is provided with cartridge heater 5, one end of metal bar to be measured 7 is connected by insulating connector 8 with blade 9, two shells
Single seam of horizontal distribution is formed between two blades 9 in body 4, temperature sensor 10, TEMP are additionally provided with housing 4
Device 10 is contacted with metal bar to be measured 7, and temperature sensor 10 is also connected by wire with temperature measurement-control instrument 11,
Insulating connector 8 includes a framework 16 being made up of heat-insulating material, and one end of framework 16 is provided with and metal bar to be measured 7
End match adapter sleeve 17, when adapter sleeve 17 is socketed in the termination of metal bar to be measured 7, adapter sleeve 17 just with metal to be measured
Rod 7 connects as one structure, slidably connects blade link 18 in framework 16, and go back screw thread on blade link 18
Clamping screw 19 is connected with, the end of blade link 18 is connected with blade 9
Observation device 3 includes cone 12, and the end of cone 12 is provided with optical signal and receives screen 13, and screen 13 is received in optical signal
On be provided with ccd data processing module 14, described ccd data processing module 14 is connected by wire with computer 15, described
Laser 1, resistance wire 6 and temperature measurement-control instrument 11 be controlled also by computer 15.
The course of work that the utilization single slit diffraction of the embodiment of the present invention surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient is as follows：First will
Two identical metal bars to be measured 7 are respectively placed in the cartridge heater 5 in two housings 4, selected metal bar to be measured 7
Length is L, a diameter of d, and connects blade 9 by insulating connector 8 in the end of each metal bar to be measured 7（By thermal insulation even
The adapter sleeve 17 of fitting 8 is socketed on the termination of metal bar to be measured 7）,
Then the width in gap as needed adjusts insulating connector 8, and specific regulation process is to drive blade link 8
Slided in framework 16, after sliding in place, screw clamping screw 19, will be fixed, locked between framework 16 and blade link 18,
It should be noted that the width in gap should be conducive to measurement, ensure that the gap of slit does not close again, adjust two blades 9
Between gap width be b, its thermal expansion variable quantity is after single metal bar to be measured 7 is heated, the gap to optical signal connects
It is by screen the distance between 13, control laser 1 to work, the laser that laser 1 is produced is by the gap between two blades 9
Afterwards, into cone 12, and it is final receive to produce diffraction fringe on screen 13 in optical signal, and in ccd data processing module 14
Under effect, electric signal is converted optical signal into, and in the display screen display curve of light distribution of computer 15；
Switch is opened, while controlling two sets of resistance wires 6 to work, two metal bars to be measured 7 is heated simultaneously, metal bar to be measured
After 7 expanded by heating, its length changes（Its thermal expansion variable quantity is）, because upper end housing 4 is fixed, while in it
Cartridge heater 5 is also fixed, and the top of the metal bar to be measured 7 in upper end housing 4 is against the top of cartridge heater 5, it is impossible to upper
Shifting, therefore the expansion downwards of metal bar to be measured 7 in upper end housing 4, that is, the metal bar to be measured 7 after being heated in upper end housing 4 are downward
Expansion；Equally, the housing 4 of lower end is also fixed, and the cartridge heater 5 in it is also fixed, and the metal bar to be measured in the housing 4 of lower end
7 bottom is against the bottom of cartridge heater 5, it is impossible to expanded upwards to the metal bar to be measured 7 in bottom offset, therefore the housing 4 of lower end,
The metal bar to be measured 7 being heated in the housing 4 of posterior end expands upwards,
That is after cartridge heater 5 works, two displacements in the vertical of blade 9 can be caused, finally allows the width in gap to become
Change,
Ccd data processing module 14 is processed optical signal, and in the display screen display curve of light distribution of computer 15,
Fringe order m, n of selected the same side, record now temperatureWith peak coordinate and fringe spacing, often cross 10 degree, note
Record temperatureAnd the spacing between peak coordinate and striped,
The wavelength of the laser that laser 1 is produced is λ, will be above-mentioned、、、、, m, n, λ and、Substitute into formula：
。
When there is diffraction, have to kth level bright fringes：
For the of central bright fringe sideLevel bright fringes and n-th grade of bright fringes have：
WhenDuring very little,, there is following relational expression：
During heating metal bar, due to metal bar deformation elongation, the metal bar to be measured 7 of lower section expands upwards, makes coupled position
In being moved on the blade 9 of lower section, and the metal bar to be measured 7 of top expands downwards, under making coupled blade 9 above
Move, seam spacing reduces, if the knots modification of seam spacing is, a metal bar deformation quantityIt is both the knots modification of seam：
The thermal coefficient of expansion formula of metal is：
(note：It is for original is long)
So having：
Will be above-mentioned、、, m, n, λ and、、Substitute into formula：Calculate and obtain metal bar to be measured
Thermal coefficient of expansion.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of utilization single slit diffraction surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, it is characterised in that：Described device includes laser
（1）, with laser（1）Mutually equipped with single seam device（2）, with single seam device（2）Mutually it is furnished with observation device（3）,
Described single seam device includes two symmetrically arranged housings（4）, housing（4）Inside it is provided with cartridge heater（5）, cartridge heater
（5）Interlayer in be provided with resistance wire（6）, in cartridge heater（5）Inside it is provided with metal bar to be measured（7）, metal bar to be measured（7）One
End passes through insulating connector（8）With blade（9）It is connected, and two blades（9）Between form single seam of horizontal distribution, in housing
（4）Inside it is additionally provided with temperature sensor（10）, temperature sensor（10）With metal bar to be measured（7）Contact, and temperature sensor
（10）Also pass through wire and temperature measurement-control instrument（11）It is connected,
Described observation device（3）Including cone（12）, cone（12）End be provided with optical signal and receive screen（13）,
Optical signal receives screen（13）On be provided with ccd data processing module（14）, described ccd data processing module（14）By wire
With computer（15）It is connected.
2. utilization single slit diffraction according to claim 1 surveys the device of material thermal expansion coefficient, it is characterised in that：Described
Insulating connector（8）Including a framework being made up of heat-insulating material（16）, framework（16）One end be provided with and metal to be measured
Rod（7）End match adapter sleeve（17）, in framework（16）Inside slidably connect blade link（18）, and connect in blade
Connect frame（18）On be also threaded with clamping screw（19）, blade link（18）End and blade（9）It is connected.
3. material thermal expansion coefficient is surveyed using the device for surveying material thermal expansion coefficient using single slit diffraction as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Described method is followed the steps below：
A, by two identical metal bars to be measured（7）It is respectively placed in the cartridge heater in two housings 4（5）In, metal to be measured
Rod（7）Length be L, a diameter of d, and in each metal bar to be measured（7）End pass through insulating connector（8）Connection blade
（9）,
B, the width in gap as needed adjust insulating connector（8）, it is ensured that two blades（9）Between gap width
It is b, single metal bar to be measured（7）Its thermal expansion variable quantity is after being heated, the gap to optical signal receives screen（13）Between
Distance is, start laser（1）, laser is by two blades（9）Between gap after, by cone（12）After can be in light
Signal receives screen（13）Upper generation diffraction fringe, in ccd data processing module（14）In the presence of, convert optical signal into telecommunications
Number, and in computer（15）The display screen display curve of light distribution,
C, while control two sets of resistance wires（6）Work, to metal bar to be measured（7）Heating, metal bar to be measured（7）After expanded by heating its
Length changes, and drives two blades（9）Displacement in the vertical, causes the width in gap to change,
D, ccd data processing module（14）Optical signal is processed, and in computer（15）Display screen display light intensity point
Cloth curve, selectes fringe order m, n of the same side, records now temperatureWith peak coordinate and fringe spacing, often cross 10
Degree, records temperatureAnd the spacing between peak coordinate and striped,
E, laser（1）The wavelength of the laser of generation is λ, will be above-mentioned、f、、、, m, n, λ and、Substitute into formula：
,
Calculate the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal bar to be measured.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109632127A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-16 | 西安航空学院 | A kind of photoinduction temperature control system and its operating method |
| CN110146541A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-20 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of device and its measurement method for surveying material thermal expansion coefficient using two-slit interference |
| US10845706B2 (en) | 2017-04-12 | 2020-11-24 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Mirror array |
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| US20080170236A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Ball State University Board Of Trustees | Method and apparatus for measuring expansion of materials |
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| CN105319234A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-10 | 云南师范大学 | Device for measuring metal linear expansion coefficient by single slit diffraction |
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| US20080170236A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Ball State University Board Of Trustees | Method and apparatus for measuring expansion of materials |
| CN201917535U (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-08-03 | 德州学院 | Device for measuring expansion coefficient of metal wire by single slit diffraction method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10845706B2 (en) | 2017-04-12 | 2020-11-24 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Mirror array |
| CN109632127A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-16 | 西安航空学院 | A kind of photoinduction temperature control system and its operating method |
| CN109632127B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-11-03 | 西安航空学院 | Photoinduction temperature measurement and control system and operation method thereof |
| CN110146541A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-20 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of device and its measurement method for surveying material thermal expansion coefficient using two-slit interference |
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