CN102749141A - Radiation temperature measuring method and apparatus for measuring true target temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a radiation temperature measuring method for measuring true target temperature, which comprises the steps of: obtaining measured brightness temperature Tsi corresponding to three wavelengths and the approximate true temperature T of a target through a three-wavelength radiation temperature measuring apparatus, wherein the three wavelengths are equally spaced; determining the emissivity of epsilon lambda 1, epsilon lambda 2 and epsilon lambda 3 of the target at the three wavelengths according to the measured brightness temperature Ts1, Ts2, Ts3 and the numerical value of the approximate true temperature T; computing brightness temperature Ts1', Ts2' and Ts3' of the target corresponding to the three wavelengths according to the computed emissivity values of the target at the three wavelengths and the approximate true temperature T; computing the sum sigma delta T2 of mean square errors according to the measured brightness temperature and the computed brightness temperature; further computing the emissivity and the brightness temperature value by using the varied approximate true temperature value; further computing the mean square errors of the measured brightness temperature and the computed brightness temperature; comparing the sizes of the two mean square errors; and finding the practical true temperature value T until the sum of the mean square errors is minimum. By using the method provided by the invention, the true temperature of the target can be measured.

Description

A kind of radiation temperature measurement method and instrument of measurement target true temperature

Technical field

The present invention relates to utilize radiation to carry out the technical field of thermometric, particularly a kind of under the situation of contact target not the method and the instrument of measurement target true temperature.

Background technology

The thermal radiation temperature meter is through measuring target emanation intensity, measuring the thermometer of target temperature.Its theoretical foundation is about kirchhoff (kirchhoff) law of object radiation intensity and absorptive power relation (absorptive power of target equals its emissivity when the local thermodynamic equilibrium), and about Planck (Planck) law of blackbody radiation.Radiation temperature measurement has many good qualities, and (for example, it does not measure ceiling restriction, the temperature field of not disturbance measured target and thermal equilibrium; Its measuring accuracy is high, and dynamic response is good or the like); Become the main method of non-contact temperature measuring.Countries in the world have the radiation thermometer product of a lot of models at present, and are used widely.Various countries' high temperature mete-wand and standard thermometer all are radiation thermometer (and all being the brightness temperature meters).But the disadvantage of radiation thermometer is, the temperature of the realistic objective that it records is not the true temperature (being called for short very temperature) of target, but the apparent temperature of target.Apparent temperature mainly comprises three kinds of brightness temperature, radiation temperature and colour temperatures (or claiming colour temperature to be called for short colour temperature) at present.Corresponding these three kinds of apparent temperatures three kinds of basic radiation temperature measurement method and instrument of can extending out; Be brightness method temperature instrumentation, total radiation temperature instrumentation (abbreviation radiation thermometer) and colourimetry temperature instrumentation.Wherein brightness method temperature instrumentation is an instrument most important, the most universal in the radiation temperature measurement.It is in theory very strict after introducing the effective wavelength notion, has become various countries' high temperature mete-wand and standard meter, and is playing a leading role for a long time aspect metering transmission of quantity value and the commercial Application.

The thermal radiation temperature meter all is to be foundation with the blackbody furnace in calibrating (calibration), black matrix is carried out calibration handle.But when measuring realistic objective (non-black-body) temperature, what obtain is the apparent temperature (brightness temperature, radiation temperature or colour temperature) of target.Know the true temperature of target, then will know the emissivity (λ .T) of target.The emissivity of target is the function of the temperature of target and wavelength still not, but also relevant with factors such as the material character of target, surface state.So just big difficulty and uncertain is come in the true temperate zone of confirming target.In the last hundred years, this significant drawback of radiation temperature measurement is perplexing thermometric circle always.After the eighties in 20th century, multinational scientist has carried out big quantity research to the multi-wavelength thermometer, and attempt is through using the very temperature that methods such as multi-wavelength thermometer record realistic objective.Begin further to develop six wavelength thermometers from the three-wavelength thermometer, in addition the thermometer of 35 wavelength (specifically can be referring to Li Jilin. Xiao Gongbi. Yu Lunpeng writes; " radiation temperature measurement and calibrating/collimation technique "; The .2009 of China Measuring Press publishes August; P105-P106.) etc. all develop.But up to the present, these multi-wavelength thermometers all can not be measured the true temperature of target.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is in order to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists; Promptly to the problem that can not measure the target true temperature; Propose a kind of specific three-wavelength radiation temperature measurement instrument and utilize this instrument to carry out the method for thermometric; The foundation warm mathematical model of looking for the truth, and through high speed interative computation method, the true temperature of The real time measure target.

The radiation temperature measurement method of the measurement target true temperature that the present invention proposes comprises: step 1, obtain the corresponding bright temperature T of actual measurement of three wavelength through the three-wavelength Radiation Temperature Measurement Instrument _SiAnd the approximate very warm T of target, wherein the value of i is 1,2 or 3, three wavelength for uniformly-spaced; Step 2 is according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃And the numerical value of approximate very warm T, confirm the emissivity of target under three wavelength _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}Step 3 according to the emissivity value of target under three wavelength and the approximate very warm T value that step 2 calculates, is calculated the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃'; Step 4 according to the bright temperature of calculating in bright temperature of the actual measurement in the step 1 and the step 3, is tried to achieve mean square deviation sum ∑ Δ T ²As follows: ∑ Δ T ²=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁') ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂') ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃') ² Step 5, the approximate very warm T ' of order=T+1, and according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Calculate the emissivity of three wavelength of target according to the mode of step 2 _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}'; Step 6, the emissivity that calculates according to step 5 _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}' reach the value of T '=T+1, calculate three brightness temperature value Ts of target according to the mode of step 3 ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃"; Step 7 is according to calculating bright temperature Ts ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃" value and the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃, try to achieve the mean square deviation sum and be: (∑ Δ T ²) '=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁") ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂") ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃") ²If step 8 is (∑ Δ T ²) '＜(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 than T more near the very warm T of reality _Very, the approximate very warm T of order then "=T '+1=T+2, continue repeating step 5-7, until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly think and find out the very warm T of reality _VeryIf value is (∑ Δ T ²) '＞(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 is away from the very warm T of reality _Very, realistic border is very warm in the other direction is worth, even T '=T-1, continuing set by step, 5-7 calculates ∑ Δ T ², until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly find very temperature value T of reality _Very

The present invention also provides a kind of radiation temperature measurement instrument of measurement target true temperature, and this temperature measuring device is the three-wavelength temperature measuring device, and it comprises: storer, the bright temperature scale of three wavelength of storage is decided curve Tsi=f (I _{λ i}) corresponding numerical tabular.And the numerical tabular of

calibration curve.The supercomputing unit, it further comprises: first module is used for the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement that obtains according to from storer ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃And the numerical value of approximate very warm T, confirm the emissivity of target under three wavelength _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}Unit second according to the emissivity value of target under three wavelength and the approximate very warm T value that first module calculates, calculates the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃'; Mean square deviation sum ∑ Δ T according to surveying the bright temperature of calculating that try to achieve bright temperature and Unit second, is tried to achieve in Unit the 3rd ²As follows: ∑ Δ T ²=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁') ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂') ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃') ²Unit the 4th, the approximate very warm T ' of its order=T+1, and according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Calculate the emissivity of three wavelength of target according to the mode of first module _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}'; Unit the 5th, the emissivity that calculates according to Unit the 4th _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}' reach the value of T '=T+1, calculate three brightness temperature value Ts of target according to the mode of Unit second ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃"; Unit the 6th is according to calculating bright temperature Ts ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃" value and the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃, try to achieve the mean square deviation sum and be: (∑ Δ T ²) '=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁") ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂") ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃") ²If Unit the 7th is (∑ Δ T ²) '＜(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 than T more near the very warm T of reality _Very, the approximate very warm T of order then "=T '+1=T+2, continue the processing procedure of repetition Unit the four-six, until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly think and find out the very warm T of reality _VeryIf value is (∑ Δ T ²) '＞(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 is away from the very warm T of reality _Very, realistic border is very warm in the other direction is worth, even T '=T-1 continues the processing procedure of repetition Unit the four-six and calculates ∑ Δ T ², until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly find very temperature value T of reality _Very

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the radiation temperature measurement instrument structural drawing of measurement target true temperature of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the software flow pattern of the radiation temperature measurement method of measurement target true temperature of the present invention.

Embodiment

For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the radiation temperature measurement instrument structural drawing of measurement target true temperature of the present invention.

Temperature measuring device of the present invention is three-wavelength (be three the narrow wave bands in fact) thermometer of specific wavelength, and three specific wavelengths are chosen according to following principle: (1) three wavelength be spaced apart equidistance, and at interval should not be too big.The correctness (seeing after) of the unique supposition of the too big the present invention of influence in interval.As in the near-infrared region, to be advisable about 0.1～0.3 μ m (micron).For example get λ ₁=0.8 μ m, λ ₂=0.9 μ m, λ ₃Three wavelength of=1.0 μ m come thermometric.Certainly at interval also should not be too little, because of too hour wavelength differences is little at interval, influence measuring accuracy.Wherein this principle is the most important, is the key distinction place of the present invention and prior art, and other three principles are identical with general thermometer.(2) absorb measuring influence in order to reduce intermediate gas, above-mentioned three-wavelength should be avoided water vapor common in the air, CO ₂Deng the gas molecule absorption band.(3) in order to improve measuring accuracy, above-mentioned three-wavelength should be chosen in the higher zone of photovalve spectrum sensitivity curve medium sensitivity commonly used.For example above-mentioned choose 0.8～1.0 between three wavelength, promptly choose the higher zone of silicon photocell sensitivity commonly used.(4) for convenient data processing, target light change in radiation intensity scope (corresponding to target temperature range) should be chosen in the photovalve linear zone working range.Therefore the radiation intensity of the target when the photocurrent signal of the photovalve of thermometer output and this wavelength is proportional.

With reference to Fig. 1, the chopper wheel 5 that the radiation temperature measurement instrument of measurement target true temperature of the present invention (following abbreviation temperature measurer) comprises the catoptron 2, aiming catoptron 3, target imaging lenslet 4 of object lens (adjustable focus) 1, band central small hole, driven by motor M, measuring light fulgurite 6, LED 7, control with synchronizable optical fulgurite 8, observation with eyepiece 9.

Object lens 1 adjustable focus of temperature measurer, with target imaging in the band central small hole catoptron 2 on.After catoptron 3 reflect again, supply eye-observations aiming usefulness by the light of catoptron 2 reflection through eyepiece 9 imagings.Behind the light transmission catoptron 2 of the central small hole of catoptron 2, by target imaging lenslet 4 focal imagings on measuring light fulgurite 6.Therefore the diameter of the central small hole of catoptron 2 determines the diameter of measurement point; The focal distance f of object lens 1 is divided by the central small hole diameter d, and promptly the numerical value of f/d is the important indicator of temperature measurer, is called the distance coefficient of temperature measurer.Behind the light process target imaging lenslet 4 that thermometric is used, need the chopper wheel 5 that drives through by modulating motor M.Three narrow band pass filters are housed on the chopper wheel 5, let λ respectively ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃The light timesharing of three wavelength is radiated on the measuring light fulgurite 6 through chopper wheel 5.Measuring light fulgurite 6 produces the photocurrent signal that is directly proportional with target emanation intensity through photoelectric effect.An aperture is arranged on the chopper wheel 5, and when the light transmission aperture of the LED 7 that is installed in chopper wheel 5 left sides, short irradiation is on synchronously with photoelectric tube 8.The synchronizable optical fulgurite produces synchronizable optical current impulse signal through photoelectric effect to the LED light that sees through chopper wheel, and this pulse signal is used to distinguish the order of three wavelength.When chopper wheel 5 revolutions move a week, produce a synchronization pulse, distinguish three signals of measuring wavelength when synchronization pulse is used for signal Processing.The signal of measuring light fulgurite 6 is input to storer with synchronization pulse jointly after prime amplifier and A/D conversion.

Because of prior (with blackbody furnace calibration temperature measurer the time) in the storer stored the demarcation pitch curve and R=f (T) curve (explanation of seeing after) of three wavelength; So can find out the bright temperature T of corresponding three wavelength rapidly through storer _S1, T _S2, T _S3And the numerical value of approximate very warm T.With T _S1, T _S2, T _S3The numerical value that reaches T is input to the supercomputing unit, by interative computation flow process shown in Figure 2, can calculate the true temperature T of target fast _VeryNumerical value.Adopt modern computing technique fast, can in 100 milliseconds, accomplish interative computation, can think to measure in real time true temperature.

In the structure of temperature measurer shown in Figure 1, three wavelength of gating rotate through chopper wheel 5 and realize.In fact three wavelength of gating can also be through prismatic decomposition, and method such as beam divider realizes.The method that realizes three wavelength of gating is a lot, and it does not influence realization of the present invention and effect.

When demarcating temperature measurer with blackbody furnace, the photoelectricity flow valuve I of the photovalve output of corresponding certain wavelength _λFor:

$I_{\mathrm{\λ}}=k_{\mathrm{\λ}}M(\mathrm{\λ}.T)=k_{\mathrm{\λ}}{C}_1{\mathrm{\λ}}^{-5}{[e^{C_2/\mathrm{\λT}}-1]}^{-1}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula: I _λPhotoelectricity flow valuve for the photovalve of corresponding wavelength λ temperature measurer; k _λPhotovalve photoelectric conversion factors (wavelength confirms that the back is a constant) for corresponding wavelength λ temperature measurer; M (λ .T) is a planck formula, C in the formula ₁, C ₂Be respectively first radiation constant and second radiation constant; T is the blackbody furnace temperature; λ is a wavelength.At most of practical occasion C ₂＞＞λ T can enough accurately substitute planck formula with Wien formula, and then above-mentioned (1) formula is reduced to:

$I_{\mathrm{\λ}}=k_{\mathrm{\λ}}{C}_1{\mathrm{\λ}}^{-5}{e}^{-C_2/\mathrm{\λT}}---{\left(1\right)}^{\text{'}}$

When with the temperature of brightness temperature instrumentation amount realistic objective (non-black-body), that record is the brightness temperature Ts (being called for short bright temperature Ts) of target.And the true temperature of target (being called for short very temperature) T and its bright temperature Ts have following relation (being drawn by bright temperature definition):

M(λ.Ts)=ε _λM(λ.T) (2)

With planck formula substitution following formula, another expression-form of (2) formula is arranged:

$\mathrm{Ts}=\frac{C_2}{\mathrm{\λ}\ln [\frac{e^{c_2/{\mathrm{\λ}}_{i}T}-1}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_{\mathrm{\λ}}}+1]}---\left(2\right)$

In the formula: T is the true temperature of target; Ts is the brightness temperature of target; ε _λFor target in the fashionable emissivity of wavelength (between 0～1).By Wien formula substitution (2) formula, can draw the true kelvin relation simplified style of bright gentleness and do

$\mathrm{Ts}=\frac{C_{2}T}{C_2-\mathrm{\λ}T\ln {\mathrm{\ϵ}}_{\mathrm{\λ}}}---{\left(2\right)}^{\text{'}}$

Behind selected three wavelength, then can make a three-wavelength temperature measurer by mentioned above principle.This temperature measurer can be measured three brightness temperature Ts of target simultaneously _l, Ts ₂, Ts ₃

When above-mentioned three-wavelength temperature measurer is examined and determine with blackbody furnace, can obtain the calibration curve of three brightness temperatures simultaneously, and calibration curve is stored in the storer.If blackbody furnace calibrating point temperature is T ₀The time, corresponding photovalve photocurrent is I ₀(three corresponding I of wavelength difference ₀₁, I ₀₂, I ₀₃Three values).When using the temperature of this temperature measurer measurement target (non-black-body), can obtain three photoelectricity flow valuve I of three wavelength simultaneously _{λ 1}, I _{λ 2}, I _{λ 3}, can measure three brightness temperature Ts of three wavelength of target respectively according to these three photoelectricity flow valuves ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Value.According to planck formula can derive the formula of embodying as follows (can be referring to Li Jilin. Xiao Gongbi. Yu Lunpeng writes; " radiation temperature measurement and calibrating/collimation technique "; The .2009 of China Measuring Press publishes August; P64-P65):

$\mathrm{Tsi}=\frac{C_2}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_i\ln \left\{\frac{I_{0i}}{I_{\mathrm{\λi}}}\right[\exp \left(\frac{C_2}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_i{T}_0}\right)-1]+1\}}---\left(\text{3}\right)$

In the formula: three brightness temperature values that corresponding three wavelength produced when Tsi was measurement target (have three value Ts ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃); λ _iBe three selected wavelength X of thermometer ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃I _{λ i}The photoelectricity flow valuve that produces during for measurement target, three wavelength are to there being I _{λ 1}, I _{λ 2}, I _{λ 3}Three values; I _{0 λ}When examining and determine, be T in blackbody temperature with blackbody furnace ₀The time corresponding three wavelength the photoelectricity flow valuve (have three value I ₀₁, I ₀₂, I ₀₃).

When replacing planck formula with Wien formula is approximate, then above-mentioned (3) formula is reduced to

$\mathrm{Tsi}=\frac{C_2}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_i\ln \frac{I_{0i}}{I_{\mathrm{\λi}}}+\frac{C_2}{T_0}}---{\left(3\right)}^{,}$

For most solids or liquid (containing metal or nonmetal and metal oxide etc.), their emissivity with wavelength change all mild (can be referring to Li Jilin. Xiao Gongbi. Yu Lunpeng writes; " radiation temperature measurement and calibrating/collimation technique "; The .2009 of China Measuring Press publishes August; P36-P37), that is to say the emissivity of most solids or liquid, is that approximately linear changes among a small circle with wavelength change.Radiation thermometer is used for measure solid or fluid temperature mostly, seldom is used for the temperature of measurement gas.

We suppose that the emissivity of measurement target (non-black-body) is with wavelength change, at λ ₁To λ ₃It among a small circle linear change.This is unique supposition that the present invention derives, and this supposition all is approximate correct to most solids and liquid.According to this approximate correct supposition, can draw and work as λ ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Be spaced apart equidistance the time have:

ε _λ1×ε _λ3≈ε ² _λ2 (4)

In the formula: ε _{λ 1}Be wavelength X ₁The emissivity of corresponding target; ε _{λ 2}Be wavelength X ₂The emissivity of corresponding target; ε _{λ 3}Be wavelength X ₃The emissivity of corresponding target.

Because be the three-wavelength temperature measurer, it can measure the photoelectricity flow valuve of corresponding three wavelength of target simultaneously, corresponds to I _{λ 1}, I _{λ 2}, I _{λ 3}, they can have following relation (can draw with reference to (1) formula and (2) formula:

$\frac{I_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}1}\&times;I_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}3}}{I^2\mathrm{\&lambda;}2}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}1}\&CenterDot;k_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}1}\&CenterDot;M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1.T)\&times;{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}3}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="k"\; filenames="HDA00001949230000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}_3\&CenterDot;M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_3.T)}{{[{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}2}\&CenterDot;k_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}2}\&CenterDot;M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2.T)]}^2}---\left(5\right)$

In the formula: ε _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}Be respectively the emissivity of corresponding three wavelength of corresponding target; k _{λ 1}, k _{λ 2}, k _{λ 3}Be respectively the photoelectric conversion factors (corresponding each wavelength is constant) of corresponding three wavelength of photovalve of thermometer; M (λ ₁.T), M (λ ₂.T), M (λ ₃.T) be respectively the radiation intensity that planck formula is temperature corresponding three wavelength when being T (T is the very temperature of target).

With approximate expression (4) substitution (5) formula, and make

to get:

$R=\frac{K_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}1}\&CenterDot;M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1.T)\&times;K_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}3}\&CenterDot;M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_3.T)}{{K_{\mathrm{\&lambda;}2}}^2{\left[M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2.T)\right]}^2}\&ap;f\left(T\right)---\left(6\right)$

Through (6) formula can find out the R value with the spectral emittance ε of target _λIrrelevant, it is the function of target true temperature T.And the R value can be examined and determine blackbody furnace through the three-wavelength thermometer fully and actually measured and be stored in the storer.And when examining and determine with blackbody furnace, (4) formula and (6) formula accurately equate (because of the emissivity of black matrix is 1).When (6) formula of derivation, adopted unique approximate correct supposition of the present invention, promptly the emissivity of target is at λ ₁To λ ₃Be linear change among a small circle, and derive approximate expression (4) thus.In fact the target emissivity is at λ ₁To λ ₃Not necessarily be linear change among a small circle, and (4) formula is approximate correct.The target of measuring by (6) so very temperature has certain error.Therefore we claim the target of measuring by (6) formula very warm approximate very warm T for target.

The reality that makes target very temperature is used T _VeryExpression.Approximate very warm T and the very warm T of reality _VeryHave certain error.But approximate very warm T is certainly at T _VeryNeighbouring (promptly difference is not too large between the two, common used in industry with temperature range in, generally 100 the degree about).(mathematical model) so as follows is starting point with approximate very warm T, carries out interative computation and seeks very temperature of reality.

Fig. 2 is the radiation temperature measurement method flow diagram of measurement target true temperature of the present invention, and main embodiment is according to the approximate very warm T value of target among the figure, seeks the very warm T of target reality _VeryThe interative computation process, going down comprises:

Step 1 is according to three bright temperature Ts of the actual target of measuring ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Numerical value (seeing (3) formula expression formula for details) and the approximate very warm T value of obtaining by (6) formula of target, it is following to calculate the emissivity of target under three wavelength according to (2) formula:

${\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{\mathrm{\&lambda;i}}=\frac{M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i.T_{\mathrm{si}})}{M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i.T)}=\frac{I_{\mathrm{\&lambda;i}}}{I({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i.T)}---\left(7\right)$

In the formula: ε _{λ i}Be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Corresponding target emissivity _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}I _{λ i}Be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Corresponding target (non-black-body) the photocurrent I that spectral radiance produced _{λ 1}, I _{λ 2}, I _{λ 3}I (λ _i.T) be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Article three, calibration curve is similar to the corresponding photocurrent of very warm T.(can from the calibration curve memory table, find).Be the temperature photocurrent I (λ that blackbody radiation intensity is produced when being T ₁.T), I (λ ₂.T), I (λ ₃.T).

So tentatively confirmed the emissivity numerical value (also having certain error certainly) under corresponding three wavelength of target because approximate very temperature has error.

Step 2 according to the emissivity value of target under three wavelength and the approximate very warm T value that (7) formula is calculated, can be calculated the brightness temperature value Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target by (2) formula ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃' as follows (above Ts, add ' represent that this brightness temperature calculates for the first time):

${T_{\mathrm{si}}}^{\&prime;}=\frac{C_2}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i\ln [\frac{e^{C_2/{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{i}T}-1}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i}}+1]}---\left(8\right)$

In the formula: T measures C by (6) formula for approximate very temperature ₂Be the Planck second radiation constant.C ₂=1.4388 * 10 ⁴μ m.K, λ _iBe wavelength (total λ ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Three wavelength), ε _{λ i}Be wavelength X _iThe time the target emissivity.Tentatively calculate approximate value by (7) formula.

Step 3, the difference of three brightness temperature values of target of calculating according to (8) formula and three brightness temperature values of the actual target of measuring is zero, explains that then unique supposition of the present invention and correlation computations are entirely true.Promptly approximate very warm T equals the very warm T of reality _VerySome errors (containing supposition correctness error, (4) formula approximation, the substantial measurement errors and the error of calculation etc.) are in fact always arranged.Can obtain three wavelength brightness temperature mean square deviation sum ∑ Δ T by following formula ²As follows: (being least square method)

∑ΔT ²＝(Ts ₁-Ts ₁’) ²+(Ts ₂-Ts ₂’) ²+(Ts ₃-Ts ₃’) ² (9)

In the formula: Ts ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Be respectively three brightness temperature values of actual measurement target, Ts ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃' be respectively three brightness temperature values of the target of calculating by (8) formula.

Obvious ∑ Δ T ²Approximate very warm T of more little explanation and the very warm T of reality _VeryBetween error more little, as long as find ∑ Δ T ²The approximate very temperature value T that the minimum value place is corresponding has promptly found very temperature value T of reality _Very

Step 4 near approximate very warm T value, is sought the very warm T of reality _VeryProcess is following:

Step 401, the approximate very warm T ' of order=T+1, and three bright temperature Ts of the actual target of measuring ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃The emissivity of calculating three wavelength of target by (7) formula is following,

${{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^{\&prime;}}_{\mathrm{\&lambda;i}}=\frac{M({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i.T_{\mathrm{si}})}{M({{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^{\&prime;}}_1.T^{\&prime;})}=\frac{I_{\mathrm{\&lambda;i}}}{I({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i.T^{\&prime;})}---{\left(7\right)}^{,}$

The symbol implication is identical with (7) formula in the formula, adds on the emissivity of calculating ' represent it is the further approximate emissivity of extrapolating, press the emissivity that (7) formula is calculated first with difference.

Step 402 is according to (7) ' ε that calculates of formula _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}' value and T '=T+1 value, it is following to calculate three brightness temperature values of target by (2):

${T_{\mathrm{si}}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=\frac{C_2}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i\ln [\frac{e^{C_2/{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{i}T}-1}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_i}}+1]}---{\left(8\right)}^{,}$

On Tsi, add " the bright temperature calculated for the second time of expression.

Step 403 is according to (8) ' Ts that calculates of formula ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃" value and the actual Ts that measures ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃, (9) formula of pressing is obtained the mean square deviation sum and is done

(∑ΔT ²)’＝(Ts ₁-Ts ₁”) ²+(Ts ₂-Ts ₂”) ²+(Ts ₃-Ts ₃”) ² (9)’

If (∑ Δ T ²) '＜(∑ Δ T ²), then the approximate very warm T ' of explanation=T+1 than T more near the very warm T of reality _VeryThen can make approximate very warm T fully "=T '+1=T+2, continue by (7) ', (8) ', (9) ' formula goes down, until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly think to seek out the very warm T of reality _VeryValue.

If (∑ Δ T ²) '＞(∑ Δ T ²), then the approximate very warm T ' of explanation=T+1 is away from the very warm T of reality _Very, should seek very temperature value of reality in the other direction.', (8) ', (9) even T '=T-1 continues by (7) ' formula calculates ∑ Δ T ², until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly find very temperature value T of reality _VeryAbove interative computation software flow calcspar is as shown in Figure 2.

In addition, the radiation temperature measurement instrument of the measurement target true temperature that the present invention proposes is used to carry out above-mentioned temp measuring method, and this temperature measuring device is the three-wavelength temperature measuring device, and it comprises: the temperature acquiring unit is used to obtain the corresponding bright temperature T of actual measurement of three wavelength _SiAnd the approximate very warm T of target, wherein the value of i is 1,2 or 3, three wavelength for uniformly-spaced; The supercomputing unit, it further comprises: first module is used for according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement that obtains ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃And the numerical value of approximate very warm T, confirm the emissivity of target under three wavelength _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}Unit second according to the emissivity value of target under three wavelength and the approximate very warm T value that first module calculates, calculates the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃'; Mean square deviation sum ∑ Δ T according to surveying the bright temperature of calculating that try to achieve bright temperature and Unit second, is tried to achieve in Unit the 3rd ²As follows: ∑ Δ T ²=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁') ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂') ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃') ²Unit the 4th, the approximate very warm T ' of its order=T+1, and according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Calculate the emissivity of three wavelength of target according to the mode of first module _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}';

Unit the 5th, the emissivity that calculates according to Unit the 4th _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}' reach the value of T '=T+1, calculate three brightness temperature value Ts of target according to the mode of Unit second ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃"; Unit the 6th is according to calculating bright temperature Ts ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃" value and the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃, try to achieve the mean square deviation sum and be: (∑ Δ T ²) '=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁") ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂") ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃") ²If Unit the 7th is (∑ Δ T ²) '＜(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 than T more near the very warm T of reality _Very, the approximate very warm T of order then "=T '+1=T+2, continue the processing procedure of repetition Unit the four-six, until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly think and find out the very warm T of reality _VeryIf value is (∑ Δ T ²) '＞(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 is away from the very warm T of reality _Very, realistic border is very warm in the other direction is worth, even T '=T-1 continues the processing procedure of repetition Unit the four-six and calculates ∑ Δ T ², until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly find very temperature value T of reality _Very

Above interative computation adopts modern computing technique fast, can accomplish with interior at 100 milliseconds, can think to measure in real time true temperature.

Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the radiation temperature measurement method of a measurement target true temperature, this method comprises:

Step 1 is obtained the corresponding bright temperature T of actual measurement of three wavelength through the three-wavelength Radiation Temperature Measurement Instrument _SiAnd the approximate very warm T of target, wherein the value of i is 1,2 or 3, three wavelength for uniformly-spaced;

Step 2 is according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Tss ₂, Ts ₃And the numerical value of approximate very warm T, confirm the emissivity of target under three wavelength _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}

Step 3 according to the emissivity value of target under three wavelength and the approximate very warm T value that step 2 calculates, is calculated the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃';

Step 4 according to the bright temperature of calculating in bright temperature of the actual measurement in the step 1 and the step 3, is tried to achieve mean square deviation sum ∑ Δ T ²As follows: ∑ Δ T ²=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁') ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂') ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃') ²

Step 5, the approximate very warm T ' of order=T+1, and according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Calculate the emissivity of three wavelength of target according to the mode of step 2 _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}';

Step 6, the emissivity that calculates according to step 5 _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}' reach the value of T '=T+1, calculate three brightness temperature value Ts of target according to the mode of step 3 ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃";

Step 7 is according to calculating bright temperature Ts ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃" value and the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃, try to achieve the mean square deviation sum and be: (∑ Δ T ²) '=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁") ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂") ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃") ²

If step 8 is (∑ Δ T ²) '＜(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 than T more near the very warm T of reality _Very, the approximate very warm T of order then "=T '+1=T+2, continue repeating step 5-7, until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly think and find out the very warm T of reality _VeryValue,

If (∑ Δ T ²) '＞(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 is away from the very warm T of reality _Very, realistic border is very warm in the other direction is worth, even T '=T-1, continuing set by step, 5-7 calculates ∑ Δ T ², until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly find very temperature value T of reality _Very

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the near-infrared region, the interval between three wavelength is at 0.1～0.3 μ m.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 2, and emissivity _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}Try to achieve through following formula:

Wherein, ε _{λ i}Be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Corresponding target emissivity _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}I _{λ i}Be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃The photocurrent I that corresponding target optical spectrum radiation intensity is produced _{λ 1}, I _{λ 2}, I _{λ 3}I (λ _i.T) be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Article three, calibration curve is similar to the corresponding photocurrent of very warm T.

4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step 3, calculates the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target through following formula ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃':

Wherein, T is approximate very temperature, C ₂Be Planck second radiation constant, λ _iBe wavelength, ε _{λ i}Be wavelength X _iThe time the target emissivity.

5. the radiation temperature measurement instrument of a measurement target true temperature, this temperature measuring device is the three-wavelength temperature measuring device, it comprises:

The temperature acquiring unit is used to obtain the corresponding bright temperature T of actual measurement of three wavelength _SiAnd the approximate very warm T of target, wherein the value of i is 1,2 or 3, three wavelength for uniformly-spaced;

The supercomputing unit, it further comprises:

First module is used for according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement that obtains ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃And the numerical value of approximate very warm T, confirm the emissivity of target under three wavelength _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}

Unit second according to the emissivity value of target under three wavelength and the approximate very warm T value that first module calculates, calculates the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃';

Mean square deviation sum ∑ Δ T according to surveying the bright temperature of calculating that try to achieve bright temperature and Unit second, is tried to achieve in Unit the 3rd ²As follows: ∑ Δ T ²=(Ts ₁-Ts ₁') ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂') ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃') ²

Unit the 4th, the approximate very warm T ' of its order=T+1, and according to the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃Calculate the emissivity of three wavelength of target according to the mode of first module _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}';

Unit the 5th, the emissivity that calculates according to Unit the 4th _{λ 1}', ε _{λ 2}', ε _{λ 3}' reach the value of T '=T+1, calculate three brightness temperature value Ts of target according to the mode of Unit second ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃";

Unit the 6th is according to calculating bright temperature Ts ₁", Ts ₂", Ts ₃" value and the bright temperature Ts of actual measurement ₁, Ts ₂, Ts ₃, try to achieve the mean square deviation sum and be: (∑ Δ T ²) '=(T ₁-Ts ₁") ²+ (Ts ₂-Ts ₂") ²+ (Ts ₃-Ts ₃") ²

If Unit the 7th is (∑ Δ T ²) '＜(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 than T more near the very warm T of reality _Very, the approximate very warm T of order then "=T '+1=T+2, continue the processing procedure of repetition Unit the four-six, until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly think and find out the very warm T of reality _VeryIf value is (∑ Δ T ²) '＞(∑ Δ T ²), then approximate very warm T '=T+1 is away from the very warm T of reality _Very, realistic border is very warm in the other direction is worth, even T '=T-1 continues the processing procedure of repetition Unit the four-six and calculates ∑ Δ T ², until the mean square deviation sum hour, promptly find very temperature value T of reality _Very

6. temperature measuring device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the near-infrared region, the interval between three wavelength is at 0.1～0.3 μ m.

7. temperature measuring device according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

In first module, emissivity _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}Try to achieve through following formula:

Wherein, ε _{λ i}Be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Corresponding target emissivity _{λ 1}, ε _{λ 2}, ε _{λ 3}I _{λ i}Be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃The photocurrent I that corresponding target optical spectrum radiation intensity is produced _{λ 1}, I _{λ 2}, I _{λ 3}I (λ _i.T) be respectively wavelength X ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Article three, calibration curve is similar to the corresponding photocurrent of very warm T.

8. temperature measuring device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in step 3, calculates the bright temperature Ts of corresponding three wavelength of target through following formula ₁', Ts ₂', Ts ₃':

Wherein, T is approximate very temperature, C ₂Be Planck second radiation constant, λ _iBe wavelength, ε _{λ i}Be wavelength X _iThe time the target emissivity.

9. according to each described temperature measuring device of claim 5-8; It is characterized in that chopper wheel, measuring light fulgurite, LED, control that this instrument further comprises the catoptron, aiming catoptron, target imaging lenslet of object lens, band central small hole, driven by motor M are used eyepiece with synchronizable optical fulgurite, observation.

10. temperature measuring device according to claim 9 is characterized in that, wherein the object lens adjustable focus of temperature measurer; With target imaging in the band central small hole catoptron on; After catoptron reflects again, supply eye-observation aiming usefulness through the eyepiece imaging, behind this catoptron of light transmission of the central small hole of the catoptron of band central small hole through aiming by the light of the mirror reflects of band central small hole; Behind the target imaging lenslet; Chopper wheel through being driven by modulating motor M is equipped with three narrow band pass filters on the chopper wheel, let λ respectively ₁, λ ₂, λ ₃Chopper wheel is passed through in the light timesharing of three wavelength; Be radiated on the measuring light fulgurite; An aperture is arranged on the chopper wheel, and when the light transmission aperture of the LED that is installed in chopper wheel left side, short irradiation is on synchronously with photoelectric tube;, the chopper wheel revolution produces a synchronization pulse when moving a week; Distinguish three signals of measuring wavelength when synchronization pulse is used for signal Processing, the signal of measuring light fulgurite is input to storer with synchronization pulse jointly after prime amplifier and A/D conversion.

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