CN103076107B - Terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing device and method - Google Patents

Terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing device and method Download PDF

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CN103076107B
CN103076107B CN201310019184.1A CN201310019184A CN103076107B CN 103076107 B CN103076107 B CN 103076107B CN 201310019184 A CN201310019184 A CN 201310019184A CN 103076107 B CN103076107 B CN 103076107B
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temperature
terahertz
pulse
terahertz pulse
laser
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CN103076107A (en
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刘亦安
王玲
徐英
邹绍芳
吴开华
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing device and a terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing method. Laser is emitted from a femtosecond laser device, and is divided into reference laser and detection laser through a beam splitter, the detection laser is focused on a photoconduction antenna type terahertz emitter, terahertz pulses emitted by the terahertz emitter are focused on a ZnTe crystal through an off-axis paraboloid lens group; and the reference layer is collimated and is coincident with terahertz waves focused on the ZnTe crystal after passing through a semi-transmission and self-reflection mirror, parallel grating groups and a polarizing film, the terahertz waves are modulated by using Pockels effect of the ZnTe crystal, and image signals corresponding to collected first reference layer carrying terahertz pulse strength information and second reference laser not carrying the terahertz pulse strength information are input into a computer by a CCD (Charge Coupling Device) detector for subsequence processing. According to the invention, the precision and speed of the non-contact combustion measurement method are increased, and the non-contact measurement of combustion object temperature and temperature distribution is realized.

Description

The temperature of combustion sensing device measured based on terahertz pulse and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to combustion supervision technical field, particularly relate to a kind of temperature of combustion sensing device based on terahertz pulse measurement and method.
Background technology
Combustion phenomena is present in numerous industries such as petrochemical complex, space flight, metallurgy and electric power widely.In combustion reaction process, chemical energy is constantly converted to heat energy and electric energy, constantly carries out conducting heat, mass transfer and chemical reaction process simultaneously.The gaseous products such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxynitrides, sulphuric dioxide and water vapor releases heat simultaneously can be produced in combustion process.For ensureing the sustainable development of China's economic, China in Recent Years government and scientific and technological circle pay attention to the investigation and application that energy efficiency improves more.But due to combustion process very complicated, therefore need especially to use among novel combustion supervision technology to the analysis of burning and research, thus promote efficiently, the combustion model of environmental protection and the foundation of pollution formation model.In the testing process of burning, temperature is crucial parameter, and the real-time Measurement accuracy of temperature of combustion and Temperature Distribution all has important effect for all many-sides such as safety in production, raising burning efficiency, reduction pollutants.
Temperature of combustion sensing measuring method substantially can be divided into two classes principle: contact measurement method and contactless measurement.Wherein, the cardinal principle of contact type measurement is the change utilizing the heat-sensitive element such as thermopair, thermal resistance that voltage or resistance can occur when temperature variation, thus obtains the value of temperature.The patent No. is the measurement that the thermopair being enclosed with protection tube and Metal Packaging layer is used for temperature by " thermocouple temperature sensor of fast response time " of CN102607731A.The patent No. is that " fibre optic temperature sensor " of CN102483360A carrys out sensing detection temperature by the light quantity accepted after changing the light reflection of the covered light quantity of the light that transmitted by optical fiber or transmission.The feature of contact type measurement be with low cost, measure reliable, be one of measuring method of widespread use the most at present.But the metering system of contact can produce disturbance to measurand, it is measured response and often cannot follow the tracks of fast-changing temperature, and sensitive element is easy to be subject to the pollution of high temperature or corrosive gas medium and reduces reliability.In addition, utilize the contact type measurement of single thermopair or thermal resistance can only measure single-point, the truth of whole burning object inside cannot be understood.Non-contacting measuring method is another important directions of combustion temperature measurement, and contactless measuring technique method includes optical method, the method for a new generation such as acoustic method, and they mainly utilize light wave or acoustic signals to realize measuring to the response of different temperatures.The patent No. is that " measuring boiler combustion radiation energy and temperature field and the method for control combustion and system thereof " of CN1388340A utilizes CCD to gather burning image, is measured the temperature of burning by the mode of image procossing.The patent No. is that " three dimension temperature field realtion monitor in coal burning boiler " of CN1587930A passes through to arrange the method acceptance of multiple camera in burner hearth from the radiation information of all directions in burner hearth, adopts special noniterative algorithm to calculate the distribution of burner hearth combustion temperature.The advantage of contactless measurement is fast response time, and measurement can not produce interference to burning object.Along with science and technology and the progress of yield-power, study the research that quick, highly sensitive temperature of combustion method for sensing can help people to deepen combustion mechanism, people can be helped again to carry out analysis and control to the pollutant produced in combustion process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of temperature of combustion sensing device based on terahertz pulse measurement and method are proposed, improve precision and the measuring speed of existing noncontact combustion measurement method, realize the temperature of burning object and the non-cpntact measurement of Temperature Distribution.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
The present invention includes femto-second laser, beam splitter, the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, the 3rd plane mirror, condenser lens, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, off axis paraboloidal mirror group, the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, parallel grating group, plane mirror, the first polaroid, the second polaroid, ito glass, ZnTe crystal, ccd detector, computing machine, function generator, high frequency power amplifier, one dimensional optical translation stage.
Laser is launched from femto-second laser, after beam splitter light splitting, be divided into reference laser and exploring laser light two-way, wherein exploring laser light is successively by the first plane mirror, second plane mirror, focus in photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter by condenser lens after 3rd plane mirror reflection, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter launches terahertz pulse under the voltage drive effect of exploring laser light and high frequency power amplifier, terahertz pulse becomes parallel THz wave after the collimation of the off axis paraboloidal mirror of off axis paraboloidal mirror group side, and through combustion zone, parallel THz wave converges on ZnTe crystal by the off axis paraboloidal mirror of opposite side, the reference laser that beam splitter separates incides in pair of parallel grating group after the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through parallel grating group is reflected back parallel grating group by plane mirror, thus achieve frequency chirp and the time explanation of reference laser, reference laser after time explanation is reflected through the first polaroid by the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through the first polaroid reflexes on ZnTe crystal by ito glass, overlap with the THz wave collimation converged on ZnTe crystal, Pockels (Pockels) effect of ZnTe crystal is utilized to realize Terahertz wave modulation, after polarization state is passed the second semi-transparent reflection mirror by the first reference laser that THz wave is modulated, again through the second polaroid, the first reference laser carrying terahertz pulse strength information is reflexed to ccd detector detection by the 4th plane mirror and accepts, simultaneously due to the birefringence effect of ZnTe crystal, do not carry the second reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information through the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, 6th plane mirror, also incide ccd detector after 5th plane mirror reflection and be detected reception, ccd detector by the first reference laser carrying terahertz pulse strength information collected and do not carry terahertz pulse strength information the second reference laser corresponding to picture signal input computing machine carry out subsequent treatment.Function generator produces fundamental frequency sine wave signal and is input to high frequency power amplifier, high frequency power amplifier drives the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter cycle to produce terahertz pulse, and function generator produces the twice that the sampling period of the frequency multiplication square-wave signal control ccd detector of frequency multiplication is terahertz pulse transmission frequency simultaneously.
Described parallel grating group is one group of grating of parallel placement, and the reference laser pulse-echo after parallel grating group chirp spread is returned input path by plane mirror.
The reference laser pulse that described ito glass makes to reflex on ZnTe crystal is coaxial with the terahertz pulse concurrent converged on ZnTe crystal.
Described one dimensional optical translation stage placed the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, by optical delay method, terahertz pulse is positioned in the duration of synchronizing detection pulse, simultaneously by the adjustment of one dimensional optical translation stage, the image space of terahertz pulse is adjusted to the middle section of ccd detector.
Described function generator produces the voltage signal of two kinds of different frequencies, is fundamental frequency sine wave pulse signal and frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal respectively.Fundamental frequency sine wave signal is input to high frequency power amplifier, periodic voltage excitation photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter being formed photoconductive antenna is loaded into after amplifying, the photo-generated carrier of moment is produced when exploring laser light incides in photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, photo-generated carrier gives off terahertz pulse under positive half cycle sinusoidal voltage excitation, and non-radiating is gone out terahertz pulse by photo-generated carrier under the excitation of negative half period sinusoidal voltage.Frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal is input to the sampling synchronization signals of ccd detector as ccd detector, because frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal and fundamental frequency sine wave signal frequency differ one times, in two frame ccd images of therefore adjacent collection, a frame is the image that terahertz pulse exists, one frame is the image not having terahertz pulse, achieved the dynamic corrections of measurement by the method for CCD times of frequency sampling, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of systematic survey.
Based on the temperature of combustion method for sensing that terahertz pulse is measured, comprise the steps:
Step (1) .CCD exports the gray level image of ranging pulse f 1( x) and the gray level image of reference pulse f 2( x).
Step (2). by the gray level image of ranging pulse f 1( x) and the gray level image of reference pulse f 2( x) subtract each other and obtain terahertz pulse signal magnitude f( x)= f 1( x)- f 2( x).
Step (3). judge whether burning is uniform temperature distribution,
If 3-1. temperature of combustion is uniformly distributed, use uniform temperature formula model, uniform temperature formula model describes such as formula (1).
（1）
Wherein, , the change size of air refraction, it is the time delay of terahertz pulse.
P-atmospheric pressure;
xthe volumetric molar concentration of-gas molecule;
L-terahertz pulse is by the distance of combustion zone.
Then according to air refraction change calculations temperature of combustion, the relation of temperature variation and variations in refractive index is described by formula (2).
（2）
Wherein, βbe the scale-up factor of variations in refractive index and temperature variation, the changing value of temperature can be obtained by the change size of refractive index, thus obtain the temperature of burning.
If 3-2. judges that burning is not uniform temperature distribution, then use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) method that terahertz pulse signal is converted into spectral signal;
Step (4). use Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to do matching to the frequency spectrum after FFT conversion, the Fu Yite linear function that fitting function adopts is described by formula (3).
（3）
Wherein, , ;
Wherein:
γ d -Gaussian linear function spectral width;
γ c -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Obtain Fu Yite linear function spectral width simultaneously :
Wherein, it is the collision live width of spectral line;
it is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Step (5). use absorption line method of discrimination to determine absorption line suitable in measure spectrum scope, calculate the absorption coefficient of the different absorption line of m bar according to absorption spectrum when having a flame combustion and absorption spectrum when not having flame combustion a 1, a 2, a m , described by formula (4).
（4）
Wherein, p m -absorption line strengths when having a flame combustion;
q m absorption line strengths during-non-flaming combustion;
Step (6). set the Temperature Distribution of burning as T 1, T 2... T n, by the absorption coefficient of spectral line a m substitute into absorption line system of equations Ax=a with the temperature matrices A of line strength, described by formula (5), if the solution of formula (5) exists and uniquely, then can calculate the ratio x of the combustion zone of different temperatures.
（5）
Wherein, obtain by the line parameters searched in international standard spectra database.
If the absorption coefficient composition of vector of the different spectral line of known m bar , and known temperature matrix A, m>n, then can utilize least square method can estimate the distribution of temperature T .
The idiographic flow that the demarcation of the temperature coefficient in described step (3) and the absorption line of step (5) differentiate is as follows:
A () regulates one dimensional optical translation stage to make terahertz pulse be imaged on CCD central area; Regulate the light splitting ratio of beam splitter to make the intensity of the first reference laser in CCD and the second reference laser equal simultaneously, realize the measurement completing terahertz pulse in a CCD sampling process.
B () places long path cell in combustion zone, realize calibration process.When long path cell is heated to temperature T ntime gather time delay of terahertz pulse, after all demarcation temperature all complete, utilize partial least square method matching temperature T nthe temperature coefficient of temperature survey model is obtained with the linear equation of terahertz pulse delay.
In c temperature of combustion method for sensing that () measures based on terahertz pulse, the selection of spectral line comprises the selection of gas molecule, the determination of spectral line spectral range, the calculating of spectral line temperature control, in measuring process, the larger gas molecule of a kind of absorption coefficient is first selected to do temperature survey, then according to the spectral frequency range of the spectral range determination molecular spectrum of terahertz pulse; According to the line parameters in international spectroscopic data library lookup spectral frequency range, in temperature measurement range interval, calculate the temperature control of all spectral lines , select maximum m bar spectral line S 1, S 2... S mas the spectral line that Temperature Distribution calculates.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The first, the temperature of combustion sensing device measured based on terahertz pulse uses parallel grating group to realize frequency chirp and time explanation, thus achieves the wavelength-division electro-optic sampling of terahertz pulse.By changing the sine wave of signal generator and rect.p. wave frequency and phase place, the clock period of the terahertz pulse that photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter gives off and CCD sampling is synchronous, thus the sampling process realizing a CCD just can obtain the measurement of a terahertz pulse, realize the effect obtaining burning object tera-hertz spectra fast.Because the frequency of the sampling of CCD can be very fast, therefore the temperature of combustion sensing device measured based on terahertz pulse can carry out data acquisition with higher sampling rate to burning object, is particularly suitable for this kind of dynamic change of the flame combustion real-time measurement of object faster and the needs of analysis.Therefore the temperature of combustion sensing device measured based on terahertz pulse can, in conflagration change procedure, adopt non-contacting mode measurement to obtain the terahertz light modal data of burning object not disturbing combustible substance under the condition distributed.
The second, because terahertz emission is a kind of electromagenetic wave radiation of low temperature, the measurement of a large amount of background infrared radiation noises to terahertz pulse therefore produced in combustion process does not produce interference substantially, and when therefore using terahertz pulse to measure, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high especially.The temperature of combustion sensing device measured based on terahertz pulse can realize having higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and precision than tradition based on the thermometry of infrared radiation measurement.
3rd, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter can launch the THz wave of wavelength coverage at 0.1 ~ 7THz, and the frequency spectrum due to the THz wave of launching covers a large amount of combustion product gas, therefore, it is possible to realize completing H in one-shot measurement process 2o, CO, CO 2, NO, NO 2, NH 3and SO 2deng the monitoring of gas.Simultaneously because terahertz emission is high by 10 for the remolding sensitivity traditional infrared radiation of burning gases 3above, the temperature of combustion method for sensing therefore measured based on terahertz pulse has very high sensitivity.
4th, the temperature of combustion sensing device based on terahertz pulse measurement can be arranged on the both sides of combustion zone flexibly according to the actual conditions of burning object.Owing to only needing a photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter as spectral radiation source, the temperature of combustion sensing device structure therefore based on terahertz pulse measurement is very simply compact.The terahertz pulse data processing method adopted, can be realized the data processing under complicated burning condition and analysis by uniform temperature distributed model and non-uniform temperature distributed model.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter and CCD sample circuit sequential chart;
Fig. 3 is temperature of combustion method for sensing process flow diagram;
Fig. 4 is spectral line method of discrimination process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is that temperature coefficient demarcates process flow diagram;
In figure, femto-second laser 1, beam splitter 2, first plane mirror 3-1, the second plane mirror 3-2, the 3rd plane mirror 3-3, condenser lens 4, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5, off axis paraboloidal mirror group 6, first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, parallel grating group 8, plane mirror 9, first polaroid 10-1, the second polaroid 10-2, ito glass 11, ZnTe crystal 12, ccd detector 13, computing machine 14, function generator 15, high frequency power amplifier 16, one dimensional optical translation stage 17.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, based on the temperature of combustion sensing device that terahertz pulse is measured, comprise femto-second laser 1, beam splitter 2, first plane mirror 3-1, second plane mirror 3-2, 3rd plane mirror 3-3, condenser lens 4, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5, off axis paraboloidal mirror group 6, first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, parallel grating group 8, plane mirror 9, first polaroid 10-1, second polaroid 10-2, ito glass 11, ZnTe crystal 12, ccd detector 13, computing machine 14, function generator 15, high frequency power amplifier 16, one dimensional optical translation stage 17.
Laser is launched from femto-second laser 1, after beam splitter 2 light splitting, be divided into reference laser and exploring laser light two-way, wherein exploring laser light is successively by the first plane mirror 3-1, second plane mirror 3-2, 3rd plane mirror 3-3 focuses in photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 by condenser lens 4 after reflecting, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 launches terahertz pulse under the voltage drive effect of exploring laser light and high frequency power amplifier 16, terahertz pulse becomes parallel THz wave after the collimation of the off axis paraboloidal mirror of off axis paraboloidal mirror group 6 side, and through combustion zone, parallel THz wave converges on ZnTe crystal 12 by the off axis paraboloidal mirror of opposite side, the reference laser that beam splitter 2 separates incides in pair of parallel grating group 8 after the first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, reference laser through parallel grating group 8 is reflected back parallel grating group 8 by plane mirror 9, thus achieve frequency chirp and the time explanation of reference laser, reference laser after time explanation is reflected through the first polaroid 10-1 by the first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, reference laser through the first polaroid 10-1 reflexes on ZnTe crystal 12 by ito glass 11, overlap with the THz wave collimation converged on ZnTe crystal 12, Pockels (Pockels) effect of ZnTe crystal 12 is utilized to realize Terahertz wave modulation, after polarization state is passed the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2 by the first reference laser that THz wave is modulated, again through the second polaroid 10-2, the first reference laser carrying terahertz pulse strength information is reflexed to ccd detector 13 by the 4th plane mirror 3-4 and detects acceptance, simultaneously due to the birefringence effect of ZnTe crystal 12, do not carry the second reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information through the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, 6th plane mirror 3-6, 5th plane mirror 3-5 also incides ccd detector 13 after reflecting and is detected reception, ccd detector 13 by the first reference laser carrying terahertz pulse strength information collected and do not carry terahertz pulse strength information the second reference laser corresponding to picture signal input computing machine 14 carry out subsequent treatment.Function generator 15 produces fundamental frequency sine wave signal and is input to high frequency power amplifier 16, high frequency power amplifier 16 drives photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 cycle to produce terahertz pulse, and function generator 15 produces the twice that the sampling period of the frequency multiplication square-wave signal control ccd detector 13 of frequency multiplication is terahertz pulse transmission frequency simultaneously.
Described parallel grating group 8 is one group of grating of parallel placement, and the reference laser pulse-echo after parallel grating group 8 chirp spread is returned input path by plane mirror 9.
The reference laser pulse that described ito glass 11 makes to reflex on ZnTe crystal 12 is coaxial with the terahertz pulse concurrent converged on ZnTe crystal 12.
Described one dimensional optical translation stage 17 placed the first plane mirror 3-1, the second plane mirror 3-2, by optical delay method, terahertz pulse is positioned in the duration of synchronizing detection pulse, simultaneously by the adjustment of one dimensional optical translation stage 17, the image space of terahertz pulse is adjusted to the middle section of ccd detector 13.
As shown in Figure 2, function generator 15 produces the voltage signal of two kinds of different frequencies, is fundamental frequency sine wave pulse signal and frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal respectively.Fundamental frequency sine wave signal is input to high frequency power amplifier 16, periodic voltage excitation photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 being formed photoconductive antenna is loaded into after amplifying, the photo-generated carrier of moment is produced when exploring laser light incides in photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5, photo-generated carrier gives off terahertz pulse under positive half cycle sinusoidal voltage excitation, and non-radiating is gone out terahertz pulse by photo-generated carrier under the excitation of negative half period sinusoidal voltage.Frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal is input to the sampling synchronization signals of ccd detector 13 as ccd detector 13, because frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal and fundamental frequency sine wave signal frequency differ one times, in two frame ccd images of therefore adjacent collection, a frame is the image that terahertz pulse exists, one frame is the image not having terahertz pulse, achieved the dynamic corrections of measurement by the method for CCD times of frequency sampling, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of systematic survey.
As shown in Figure 3, based on the temperature of combustion method for sensing that terahertz pulse is measured, comprise the steps, specifically comprise FFT conversion, spectral line linear fitting, choice of spectrum and spectral line temperature equation solve.Ccd detector 13 exports the gray level image of ranging pulse f 1( x) and the gray level image of reference pulse f 2( x) (step 310), by the gray level image of ranging pulse f 1( x) and the gray level image of reference pulse f 2( x) subtract each other and obtain terahertz pulse signal magnitude f( x)= f 1( x)- f 2( x) (step 320), judge whether burning is uniform temperature distribution (step 330), if temperature of combustion is uniformly distributed, use uniform temperature formula model (step 390), uniform temperature formula model is described by formula (1).
formula (1)
Wherein, , the change size of air refraction, it is the time delay of measuring the terahertz pulse obtained.
P-atmospheric pressure;
xthe volumetric molar concentration of-gas molecule;
L-terahertz pulse is by the distance of combustion zone.
Then according to air refraction change calculations temperature of combustion (step 391), the relation of temperature variation and variations in refractive index is described by formula (2).
formula (2)
Wherein, for the size of temperature variation, βbe the scale-up factor of variations in refractive index and temperature variation, obtained the changing value of temperature by the large I of the change of refractive index, thus obtain the temperature of burning.
If judge that burning is not uniform temperature distribution (step 330), then need to use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) method that terahertz pulse signal is converted into spectrum signal (step 340); Then use Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to do matching (step 350) to the frequency spectrum after FFT conversion, the Fu Yite linear function that fitting function adopts is described by formula (3).
formula (3)
Wherein, , ;
Wherein:
γ d --Gaussian linear function spectral width;
γ c -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Fu Yite linear function spectral width can be obtained simultaneously :
Wherein, it is the collision live width of spectral line; it is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Use absorption line method of discrimination to determine absorption line (step 360) suitable in measure spectrum scope, calculate the absorption coefficient of the different absorption line of m bar according to absorption spectrum when having a flame combustion and absorption spectrum when not having flame combustion a 1, a 2, a m (step 370), is described by formula (4).
formula (4)
Wherein, p m --there is absorption line strengths during flame combustion
q m absorption line strengths during-non-flaming combustion
If the Temperature Distribution of burning is T 1, T 2... T n, by the absorption coefficient of spectral line a m absorption line system of equations Ax=a(step 380 is substituted into the temperature matrices A of line strength), described by formula (5), if the solution of formula (5) exists and uniquely, then can calculate the ratio x of the combustion zone of different temperatures.
formula (5
Wherein, can be obtained by the line parameters searched in international standard spectra database.
If the absorption coefficient composition of vector of the different spectral line of known m bar , and known temperature matrix A, m>n, utilizes least square method can estimate the distribution of temperature (step 381).
As shown in Figure 4, comprise the steps based on the selection of spectral line in the temperature of combustion method for sensing of terahertz pulse measurement.Specifically comprise the selection of gas molecule, the determination of spectral line spectral range, the calculating of spectral line temperature control.In measuring process, the larger gas molecule of a kind of absorption coefficient first will be selected to do temperature survey (step 410); According to the spectral frequency range (step 420) of the spectral range determination molecular spectrum of terahertz pulse; According to the line parameters (step 430) in international spectroscopic data library lookup spectral frequency range; According to burning object determination combustion temperature measurement scope (step 440); The temperature control of all spectral lines is calculated in temperature measurement range interval (step 450); Select maximum m bar spectral line S 1, S 2... S mas the spectral line (step 460) that Temperature Distribution calculates.
As shown in Figure 5, calibration process based on the temperature of combustion sensing device of terahertz pulse measurement comprises the steps, the measurement in order to terahertz pulse has larger measurement range to be needed to regulate one dimensional optical translation stage to make terahertz pulse be imaged on CCD central area (step 510); In order to complete the measurement of terahertz pulse in ccd detector 13 sampling process, the light splitting ratio of beam splitter is regulated to make the intensity equal (step 520) of the first reference laser in ccd detector 13 and the second reference laser; In calibration process combustion zone place long path cell, simultaneously by external heating arrangement by the gas-heated in long path cell to the temperature (step 530) of specifying; When long path cell is heated to temperature T ntime gather time delay (step 540) of terahertz pulse; If demarcate the maximum heating temperature range that temperature reaches heating arrangement, end temp collection enters data processing, if demarcate the maximum heating temperature that temperature does not reach heating arrangement, improve the heating-up temperature of long path cell, and circulation performs the time delay (step 550) that step 540 gathers terahertz pulse.Partial least square method matching temperature T is utilized after all demarcation temperature all complete nthe temperature coefficient (step 560) of temperature survey model is obtained with the linear equation of terahertz pulse delay.

Claims (2)

1. based on the temperature of combustion sensing device that terahertz pulse is measured, comprise femto-second laser, beam splitter, the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, the 3rd plane mirror, condenser lens, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, off axis paraboloidal mirror group, the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, parallel grating group, plane mirror, the first polaroid, the second polaroid, ito glass, ZnTe crystal, ccd detector, computing machine, function generator, high frequency power amplifier, one dimensional optical translation stage, it is characterized in that:
Laser is launched from femto-second laser, after beam splitter light splitting, be divided into reference laser and exploring laser light two-way, wherein exploring laser light is successively by the first plane mirror, second plane mirror, focus in photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter by condenser lens after 3rd plane mirror reflection, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter launches terahertz pulse under the voltage drive effect of exploring laser light and high frequency power amplifier, terahertz pulse becomes parallel THz wave after the collimation of the off axis paraboloidal mirror of off axis paraboloidal mirror group side, and through combustion zone, parallel THz wave converges on ZnTe crystal by the off axis paraboloidal mirror of opposite side, the reference laser that beam splitter separates incides in pair of parallel grating group after the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through parallel grating group is reflected back parallel grating group by plane mirror, realize frequency chirp and the time explanation of reference laser, reference laser after time explanation is reflected through the first polaroid by the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through the first polaroid reflexes on ZnTe crystal by ito glass, overlap with the THz wave collimation converged on ZnTe crystal, the Pockels effect of ZnTe crystal is utilized to realize Terahertz wave modulation, polarization state is divided into two-way by the reference laser that THz wave is modulated after the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, the laser of transmission is after the second polaroid, after the 4th plane mirror reflection, become the first reference laser again to receive to ccd detector detection, through second semi-transparent reflection mirror reflection laser through the 6th plane mirror, become the second reference laser after 5th plane mirror reflection also to incide ccd detector and be detected reception, ccd detector by the first reference laser carrying terahertz pulse strength information collected and do not carry terahertz pulse strength information the second reference laser corresponding to picture signal input computing machine carry out subsequent treatment, function generator produces fundamental frequency sine wave signal and is input to high frequency power amplifier, high frequency power amplifier drives the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter cycle to produce terahertz pulse, and function generator produces the twice that the sample frequency of the rectangular wave pulse signal control ccd detector of frequency multiplication is terahertz pulse transmission frequency simultaneously,
Described parallel grating group is one group of grating of parallel placement, and the reference laser pulse-echo after parallel grating group chirp spread is returned input path by plane mirror;
The reference laser pulse that described ito glass makes to reflex on ZnTe crystal is coaxial with the terahertz pulse concurrent converged on ZnTe crystal;
Described one dimensional optical translation stage placed the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, by optical delay method, terahertz pulse is positioned in the duration of synchronizing detection pulse, simultaneously by the adjustment of one dimensional optical translation stage, the image space of terahertz pulse is adjusted to the middle section of ccd detector;
Described function generator produces the voltage signal of two kinds of different frequencies, is fundamental frequency sine wave signal and frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal respectively; Fundamental frequency sine wave signal is input to high frequency power amplifier, periodic voltage excitation photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter being formed photoconductive antenna is loaded into after amplifying, the photo-generated carrier of moment is produced when exploring laser light incides in photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, photo-generated carrier gives off terahertz pulse under positive half cycle sinusoidal voltage excitation, and non-radiating is gone out terahertz pulse by photo-generated carrier under the excitation of negative half period sinusoidal voltage; Frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal is input to the sampling synchronization signals of ccd detector as ccd detector, because frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal and fundamental frequency sine wave signal frequency differ one times, in two frame ccd images of therefore adjacent collection, a frame is the image that terahertz pulse exists, one frame is the image not having terahertz pulse, is realized the dynamic corrections measured by the method for CCD times of frequency sampling.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the method for the temperature of combustion sensing device of terahertz pulse measurement, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step (1) .CCD exports the gray level image f of ranging pulse 1the gray level image f of (x) and reference pulse 2(x);
Step (2). by the gray level image f of ranging pulse 1the gray level image f of (x) and reference pulse 2x () is subtracted each other and is obtained terahertz pulse signal magnitude f (x)=f 1(x)-f 2(x);
Step (3). judge whether burning is uniform temperature distribution;
If 3-1. temperature of combustion is uniformly distributed, use uniform temperature formula model, uniform temperature formula model describes such as formula (1);
ξΔn＝Δt (1)
Wherein, Δ n is the change size of air refraction, and C is the light velocity in vacuum, and Δ t is the time delay of terahertz pulse;
P-atmospheric pressure;
The volumetric molar concentration of X-gas molecule;
L-terahertz pulse is by the distance of combustion zone;
Then, according to air refraction change calculations temperature of combustion, the relation of temperature variation and variations in refractive index is described by formula (2);
ΔT＝βΔn (2)
Wherein, β is temperature coefficient, and Δ T is temperature gap;
The funtcional relationship that can obtain after publicity (1) is substituted into formula (2) between temperature variation and terahertz pulse delay is the size of temperature variation is postponed just can obtain by measuring terahertz pulse.
Temperature computation terminates.
If 3-2. judges that burning is not uniform temperature distribution, then use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method that terahertz pulse signal is converted into spectral signal;
Step (4). use Fu Yite linear function to do matching to the frequency spectrum after FFT conversion, the Fu Yite linear function that fitting function adopts is described by formula (3);
Φ V ( v 0 ) = [ ( β γ ED π ) + ( 1 - β π · γ C ) ] - - - ( 3 )
Wherein, β = γ ED ( γ C + γ ED ) , γ ED = γ D ln 2 ;
Wherein:
γ d-Gaussian linear function spectral width;
γ c-Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Obtain Fu Yite linear function spectral width Δ v simultaneously v:
Δ v V = 0.5346 Δ v C + ( 0.2166 Δ v C 2 + Δ v D 2 )
Wherein, Δ v cit is the collision live width of spectral line;
Δ v dit is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Step (5). use absorption line method of discrimination to determine absorption line suitable in measure spectrum scope, calculate the absorption coefficient a of the different absorption line of m bar according to absorption spectrum when having a flame combustion and absorption spectrum when not having flame combustion 1, a 2... a m, described by formula (4);
a m = P m Q m - - - ( 4 )
Wherein, P m-absorption line strengths when having a flame combustion;
Q mabsorption line strengths during-non-flaming combustion;
Step (6). set the Temperature Distribution of burning as T 1, T 2... T n, by the absorption coefficient a of spectral line msubstitute into absorption line system of equations Ax=a with the temperature matrices A of line strength, described by formula (5), if the solution of formula (5) exists and uniquely, then can calculate the ratio x of the combustion zone of different temperatures;
S 1 ( T 1 ) S 1 ( T 2 ) . . . S 1 ( T n ) S 2 ( T 1 ) S 2 ( T 2 ) . . . S 2 ( T n ) · · · · · · S m ( T 1 ) S m ( T 2 ) . . . S m ( T n ) x 1 x 2 · · x n = a 1 a 2 · · a m - - - ( 5 )
Wherein, S m(T n) obtain by the line parameters searched in international standard spectra database;
If the absorption coefficient composition of vector of the different spectral line of known m bar a = a 1 a 2 · · a m , And known temperature matrix A, m>n, then can utilize least square method can estimate the distribution of temperature T x = x 1 x 2 · · x n ;
The idiographic flow that the demarcation of the temperature coefficient in described step (3) and the absorption line of step (5) differentiate is as follows:
A () regulates one dimensional optical translation stage to make terahertz pulse be imaged on CCD central area; Simultaneously when on-load voltage does not launch terahertz pulse to photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, regulate the light splitting ratio of beam splitter to make the intensity of the first reference laser in CCD and the second reference laser equal, complete initial balance adjustment.In actual measurement process, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter on-load voltage launches terahertz pulse, the change size that the intensity measuring relative second reference laser of the first reference laser occurs, realizes the measurement completing terahertz pulse in a CCD sampling process;
B () places long path cell in combustion zone, realize calibration process; When long path cell is heated to temperature T ntime gather time delay of terahertz pulse, after all demarcation temperature all complete, utilize partial least square method matching temperature T nthe temperature coefficient of temperature survey model is obtained with the linear equation of terahertz pulse delay;
In c temperature of combustion method for sensing that () measures based on terahertz pulse, the selection of spectral line comprises the selection of gas molecule, the determination of spectral line spectral range, the calculating of spectral line temperature control, in measuring process, the larger gas molecule of a kind of absorption coefficient is first selected to do temperature survey, then according to the spectral frequency range of the spectral range determination molecular spectrum of terahertz pulse; According to the line parameters in international spectroscopic data library lookup spectral frequency range, in temperature measurement range interval, calculate the temperature control of all spectral lines select maximum m bar spectral line S 1, S 2... S mas the spectral line that Temperature Distribution calculates.
Temperature computation terminates.
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