CN104864979A - Correction method of errors measured by distributed raman optical fiber temperature measuring system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a correction method of errors measured by a distributed raman optical fiber temperature measuring system. The correction method comprises the following steps: 1, determining sequence point number and signal intensity of a stokes signal and an anti-stokes signal; 2, performing optical fiber length normalization processing on the sequence point positions of the stokes signal and the anti-stokes signal; 3, calculating anti-stokes signal intensity by adopting an interpolation algorithm after signal position normalization, and obtaining the anti-stokes signal intensity at the same position with the stokes signal. The method is simple to realize, the anti-stokes signal is corrected by a piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial algorithm, dispersion errors can be completely eliminated, and the measuring accuracy is improved greatly. Ideal results are obtained; for the long-distance distributed temperature measuring system, the method is outstanding in advantage and has an important value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to optical fiber temperature measurement, in particular to a method for correcting measurement errors of a distributed Raman optical fiber temperature measurement system.
Background
A Distributed fiber Temperature Sensor (DTS) is a novel sensing technology developed in nearly two to thirty years, which is realized by combining a spontaneous raman scattering effect in an Optical fiber with an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) and can be used for Distributed and real-Time measurement of spatial Temperature field distribution. The technology utilizes common optical fibers as sensitive media and transmission media, and has the characteristics of electric insulation, electromagnetic interference resistance, intrinsic safety, corrosion resistance, small volume, light weight, flexibility and the like. The device can realize remote measurement and monitoring, has the advantages of wide measurement range, higher spatial resolution and measurement precision and the like, and can be widely applied to temperature monitoring in the fields of oil and gas pipelines, power cables, spacecraft structural health, metallurgy and chemical engineering, subway tunnels, large buildings and the like.
At present, a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system based on Raman scattering mainly demodulates the temperature by adopting the intensity ratio of Anti-Stokes light (Anti-Stokes) to Stokes light (Stokes). Since the two scattered lights have different wavelengths, there is a difference in their propagation speeds in the optical fiber according to the dispersion effect of the optical fiber. Therefore, the anti-stokes light and the stokes light scattered back from the same position have different arrival time of the photoelectric detector, so that the two signals received by the acquisition card do not come from the same position. The signal dislocation phenomenon can cause measurement errors, and particularly, the errors can be accumulated and enlarged along with the extension of the sensing optical fiber, and finally, errors occur in temperature measurement or positioning.
The traditional solution is to add matching optical fibers with different lengths, so that Stokes and Anti-Stokes optical path channels are kept consistent, and position errors caused by different speeds of two paths of light are eliminated.
The method can only compensate data at a specific length, and the time difference of two paths of signals caused by chromatic dispersion exists everywhere, so the method has certain limitation. And the operation is complicated, and it is difficult to precisely compensate for the length difference.
Publication No.: 103017934B, the Chinese patent "self-correction method for eliminating wavelength dispersion of distributed Raman temperature measurement system" discloses a correction method for matching optical fiber: the method achieves the consistency of two paths of signals and the proximity of corresponding scattering positions through calculation, comparison and selection, but cannot completely eliminate the influence of chromatic dispersion on measurement. Ideally, there is still a positional error of ± 0.5 m.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for correcting a measurement error of a distributed Raman fiber temperature measurement system. The method solves the problem of signal dislocation caused by optical fiber dispersion and improves the DTS measurement accuracy by an interpolation method for the received signals, can completely eliminate the signal dislocation and greatly improve the measurement accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for correcting measurement errors of a distributed Raman fiber temperature measurement system comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of synchronously acquiring Stokes light and anti-Stokes light sequential point signals of the same optical fiber length, using the Stokes light as reference light, and demodulating temperature information by using the ratio of the anti-Stokes light to the Stokes light intensity, wherein the correction method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the number of sequence points and the signal intensity of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal;
the second step is that: normalizing the positions of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal sequence points according to the length of the optical fiber;
the third step: and obtaining the anti-stokes signal intensity at the same position as the stokes signal position by adopting an interpolation algorithm for the anti-stokes signal intensity after the signal position is normalized.
The scheme is further as follows: the normalization process is: the optical fiber length is set to be 1, and the normalized positions of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal are respectively 1/Ns, 2/Ns, 3/Ns,. 1, 1/Nas,2/Nas,3/Nas,. 1, wherein Ns is the number of Stokes signals and Nas is the number of anti-Stokes signals.
The scheme is further as follows: the interpolation algorithm is a piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation algorithm.
The method has the advantages that the method is simple to implement, the anti-Stokes signal is corrected by adopting a three-stage Hermite interpolation algorithm, the dispersion error can be completely eliminated, and the measurement accuracy is greatly improved. An ideal measurement result is obtained; for a long-distance distributed temperature measurement system, the method has the advantages of being particularly outstanding and having important value.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of two signal measurement positions before interpolation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of two signal measurement positions after interpolation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the end error of the two interpolated signal measurement positions;
fig. 6 is a graph comparing actual measurement patterns before and after interpolation.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1: a method for correcting measurement errors of a distributed Raman fiber temperature measurement system comprises the following steps: synchronously acquiring a stokes light sequence point signal and an anti-stokes light sequence point signal of the same optical fiber length, wherein the signals comprise a stokes signal number of Ns, a signal intensity of Vs (n), n =1,2,3.. the Ns signal and an anti-stokes signal number of Nas, a signal intensity of vas (n), n =1,2,3.. the Nas signal; using the Stokes light as reference light, and demodulating temperature information by using the ratio of the anti-Stokes light to the Stokes light intensity, wherein the correction method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the number of sequence points and the signal intensity of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal;
the second step is that: normalizing the positions of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal sequence points according to the length of the optical fiber;
the third step: and obtaining the anti-stokes signal intensity at the same position as the stokes signal position by adopting an interpolation algorithm for the anti-stokes intensity signal intensity after the signal position is normalized.
In the examples: the normalization process is: the optical fiber length is set to be 1, and the normalization positions of the sequence points of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal are respectively 1/Ns, 2/Ns, 3/Ns,. 1, 1/Nas,2/Nas,3/Nas,. 1, wherein Ns is the number of Stokes signals and Nas is the number of anti-Stokes signals.
In the examples: the interpolation algorithm can be chosen in many ways according to the existing knowledge, and a preferred method is a piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation algorithm.
For a better understanding of the embodiments, further description is provided below.
As shown in fig. 2, the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system is mainly divided into three parts: optical path 1, circuit 2 and signal processing 3. Wherein the optical path portion includes: the device comprises a light source, a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), a calibration optical fiber, a temperature measuring optical fiber and an APD photoelectric detector; the circuit part includes: the device comprises a multistage amplifying circuit, a collecting card and a platinum resistance temperature measuring circuit; the signal processing section includes: the system is used as an upper computer of an industrial personal computer, control software, a positioning temperature measurement algorithm and the like.
Pulse light emitted by a light source enters a sensing optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer, spontaneous Raman scattering (carrying temperature information) is generated at each point of the sensing optical fiber, wherein backward transmitted spontaneous Raman scattering light (Stokes light and anti-Stokes light) is coupled into an APD photoelectric conversion module through the wavelength division multiplexer again, is converted into an electric signal through photoelectric conversion, is amplified through a multistage, low-gain and low-noise amplification circuit, is collected and preprocessed by a collection accumulation card, and finally the signal carrying the temperature information is sent to an industrial personal computer through a collection card. Meanwhile, the temperature information of the calibration optical fiber measured by the platinum resistance temperature measuring circuit is also sent to the industrial personal computer. And the two groups of temperature information run an algorithm program through temperature measurement software, demodulate the temperature information to be measured and draw the temperature information on a display screen.
In the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement embodiment system, the performance parameters of each key device are shown in the following table.
Raman signal acquisition and temperature measurement results: the system of the embodiment is used for collecting and analyzing the Raman scattering signals. In the examples, the length of the temperature measuring optical fiber used was 1 km and the temperature measuring optical fiber was placed in a room temperature environment. And winding a section of 995 m-999 m optical fiber at the tail end of the temperature measuring optical fiber into an optical fiber ring with the diameter of 20 cm, placing the optical fiber ring into a constant temperature bath at 40 ℃, placing the rest 1 m optical fiber at the tail end into the air, and then carrying out distributed temperature measurement.
Distributed optical fiber temperature measurement principle based on Raman scattering
(a) Raman scattering temperature measurement principle
According to quantum theory, photons interact with molecules in a medium, inelastic collision occurs, energy exchange is generated, the motion direction and frequency of the photons are changed simultaneously, and the process is called Raman scattering effect. Raman scattering is divided into Stokes scattering and anti-Stokes scattering, which can be expressed as
（1）
（2）
Wherein,andrespectively the stokes optical frequency and the anti-stokes optical frequency,the frequency of the incident light is the frequency of the incident light,which is the amount of raman translation, is material dependent, for silica fibers,typically 13.2 THz.
When an incident pulse is transmitted in the optical fiber, inWhere spontaneous Raman scattering occurs, the intensity of backward-transmitted Stokes light and anti-Stokes light returning to the incident end can be expressed as
（3）
（4）
Wherein,is the intensity of the incident pulse of light,、、respectively, the attenuation coefficients of incident light, stokes light and anti-stokes light when transmitted in the optical fiber,is the location in the fiber where spontaneous raman scattering occurs,、coefficients related to the number of the arrangements of the molecules of the optical fiber at the low and high energy levels, respectively, and the temperature at the local area of the optical fiber, respectively
（5）
（6）
Wherein,is the constant of the planck, and is,is the boltzmann constant and is,is an absolute temperature。
When the incident light intensity isAttenuation coefficient of optical fiber、、And detecting the positionAt a certain time, the intensity of the backward spontaneous Raman scattering light detected at the incident end of the optical fiber is only related to the temperature at the detection positionIt is related. Extracting the temperature terms in the formula (5) and the formula (6) to obtain the Taylor series expansion under the room temperature condition
（7）
（8）
As can be known from the formula (7) and the formula (8), the temperature sensitivity of the anti-Stokes light reaches 0.8% at room temperature, and the Stokes light is basically insensitive to temperature, so that the anti-Stokes light carries temperature information, and the temperature of a certain point in the optical fiber can be obtained by detecting the change of the intensity of the anti-Stokes light, which is the principle of Raman scattering temperature measurement.
Although the anti-stokes light in the DTS system is signal light carrying temperature information, in actual measurement, the stokes light is generally adopted as reference light, and the temperature information is demodulated by utilizing the ratio of the anti-stokes light to the stokes light intensity, so that the influence caused by the change of a light source and a temperature measuring optical fiber can be eliminated, and the stability and the reliability of the system are enhanced.
(b) Principle of optical time domain reflection
When an incident laser pulse is transmitted through the fiber, backscattered light generated at points along the fiber is transmitted back to the incident end of the fiber. Assuming that the total time from the emission to the return of a pulse isThe distance between the position of scattering in the optical fiber and the incident end of the laser can be expressed as
（9）
WhereinIs the speed of propagation of the pulse in the fiber and is expressed as
（10）
WhereinIs the speed of light in vacuum, is，Is the refractive index of the fiber, which is related to the wavelength of the light.
Therefore, the return light signals at different moments correspond to the positions where the scattering occurs one by one. The optical time domain reflection technology is to determine the scattering position of a light pulse by measuring the time when the light pulse returns to an incident end, thereby realizing distributed measurement.
Raman scattering measurement error analysis
When positioning a temperature measuring point by utilizing Raman backward scattering light, people usually assume that the anti-Stokes light and the Stokes light have the same propagation speed, can reach a photoelectric detector at the same time, and are received by an acquisition card. In fact, due to the difference in the wavelengths of the two scattered lights, their propagation velocities in the fiber are also different. For a laser pulse with an incident wavelength of 1550 nm, the anti-Stokes light wavelength in Raman scattering of the laser pulse is 1450 nm, the refractive index in the silica fiber is 1.4452, and the propagation speed in the fiber is determined according to the formula (10). The Stokes light scattered from the same position has a wavelength of 1663 nm, a refractive index of 1.4426 and a propagation speed in the optical fiber. It can be seen that the stokes light propagates faster than the anti-stokes light, which will reach the detector first.
Fig. 3 illustrates two signal measurement positions before interpolation, the upper signal reflecting the stokes light return position 4, the numbers 1,2,3, 4 below. . . . Ns-1 and Ns represent signal serial numbers, and Ns are total in one measuring optical fiber; the lower signal is reflected by the anti-stokes light returning position 5, numbers 1,2,3, 4 below. . . . Nas-1 and Nas represent signal serial numbers, and Nas are arranged in a measuring optical fiber; it can be seen from the figure that the anti-stokes light returning positions and the stokes light returning positions are sequentially different by Δ L, 2 Δ L, 3 Δ L and 4 Δ L. . . For two signals, sampling points are uniformly distributed, the length of the optical fiber is fixed, the total length of the optical fiber can be assumed to be 1, the return position of the Stokes light can be represented as 1/Ns, 2/Ns, 3/Ns, …,1, and the return position of the anti-Stokes light can be represented as 1/Nas,2/Nas,3/Nas, …, 1. In the actual measurement, as shown in fig. 4, when the last stokes light (serial number Ns) returns from the tail end of the optical fiber, the anti-stokes light has not yet reached the tail end of the optical fiber, so that the anti-stokes light signal can be continuously collected, and the last phase difference position is Ns Δ L, which is practically invalid.
Therefore, three-stage Hermite interpolation is performed on the signal intensity of the effective position returned by the Nas anti-stokes lights in fig. 3 corresponding to the signal intensity of the effective position returned by the stokes lights in the same position, and as a result, the two paths of signals after interpolation shown in fig. 5 have the same scattering positions, namely, 1 ', 2', 3 'and 4' on the anti-stokes side in the figure. . . . Ns-1 ', Ns' and 1,2,3, 4 on the Stokes side. . . . The Ns-1 and the Ns are in the same position, and the signal dislocation phenomenon can be eliminated. Fig. 6 shows the actual waveform result after interpolation of the anti-stokes signal, and it can be seen that the positions of the reflection peaks of the interpolated anti-stokes signal and the tail end of the stokes signal are consistent, and the shape of the signal is not distorted.
Claims (3)
1. A method for correcting measurement errors of a distributed Raman fiber temperature measurement system comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of synchronously acquiring Stokes light and anti-Stokes light sequential point signals of the same optical fiber length, using the Stokes light as reference light, and demodulating temperature information by using the ratio of the anti-Stokes light to the Stokes light intensity, and is characterized in that the correction method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the number of sequence points and the signal intensity of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal;
the second step is that: normalizing the positions of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal sequence points according to the length of the optical fiber;
the third step: and obtaining the anti-stokes signal intensity at the same position as the stokes signal position by adopting an interpolation algorithm for the anti-stokes signal intensity after the signal position is normalized.
2. The correction method according to claim 1, wherein the normalization process is: the optical fiber length is set to be 1, and the normalized positions of the Stokes signal and the anti-Stokes signal are respectively 1/Ns, 2/Ns, 3/Ns,. 1, 1/Nas,2/Nas,3/Nas,. 1, wherein Ns is the number of Stokes signals and Nas is the number of anti-Stokes signals.
3. Correction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interpolation algorithm is a piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation algorithm.
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| CN105371980A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-03-02 | 北京航天易联科技发展有限公司 | Cultural relic site temperature monitoring system and monitoring method |
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