CN210073108U

CN210073108U - Artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system

Info

Publication number: CN210073108U
Application number: CN201920350933.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张家铭; 周峙; 袁超; 罗易
Original assignee: China University of Geosciences
Current assignee: China University of Geosciences
Priority date: 2019-03-20
Filing date: 2019-03-20
Publication date: 2020-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2029-03-20

Abstract

The utility model provides an artificial humidifying slope full scale model test system, which comprises a bottom plate, a model box, a water supply device, a rainfall device, a data acquisition transmission instrument, a runoff-reflux device and a workstation; the model box is placed above the bottom plate, a slope body is constructed in the model box, and the rear wall of the model box is connected with the packway; the data acquisition transmission instrument is placed at the top of the riding track; the rainfall device can be moved to two sides of the model box, and sprays water stored by the water supply device to a slope body in the model box for a slope test; the runoff-reflux device is used for dredging and collecting water and conveying the collected water to the water supply device; the data acquisition device is buried in the slope body, the data acquisition device is connected with the input end of the data acquisition transmission instrument, the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the workstation, and the data acquisition transmission instrument receives the slope test data detected by the data acquisition device and transmits the slope test data to the workstation for processing and analysis.

Description

Artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a geotechnical engineering tests technical field, especially relates to an artifical humidification side slope full scale model test system.

Background

Rainfall is an important inducing factor for slope instability damage, and the irregularity of changes of external influence factors such as atmospheric rainfall and the like makes similar engineering accidents such as slope instability, landslide and the like in engineering unpredictable and preventable in advance. Therefore, the method has important significance for carrying out rainfall model test research on the slope in order to reveal the submergence rule of the slope under the influence of external rainfall factors.

At present, testers often lay data acquisition instruments on soil slopes in circular arc-shaped failure surfaces, however, under the action of external influence factors such as rainfall and the like, the interior of a slope body cannot deform in a short time to generate a through sliding surface, and the slope is damaged. The natural soil slope can gradually generate cracks under the action of dry and wet cycles, small-range and shallow erosion and collapse occur in the early stage of the slope, test data can not be obtained due to the problem of instrument layout, qualitative description can be performed only according to test phenomena, and recorded data are lack of scientific rigor. Meanwhile, most slope tests adopt a reduced scale model, and due to the size effect and the boundary effect, the test result is greatly different from the actual engineering. In addition, the rainfall devices adopted in the slope model tests at present often do not consider the factors of the uniformity, the size and the kinetic energy of raindrops of the simulated rainfall, or the developed rainfall devices are high in cost and lack of popularization.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the utility model provides an artifical humidification side slope full scale model test system has characteristics such as scientific, simple and convenient, practicality are strong, is applicable to the research soil property side slope surface and does wet crack and develop, often because of towed destruction, slip deformation are shallow, and the fracture face is characteristic such as convex more, can satisfy different slopes, long slopes, the high side slope experimental study in different slopes.

The utility model provides an artificial humidifying slope full scale model test system, which comprises a bottom plate, a model box, a water supply device, a rainfall device, a data acquisition transmission instrument, a runoff-reflux device and a workstation; the model box is placed above the bottom plate, a slope body is constructed in the model box, and the rear wall of the model box is connected with a packway; the data acquisition transmission instrument is placed at the top of the riding track; the rainfall device can be moved to two sides of the model box and is connected with the water supply device, and the rainfall device sprays water stored by the water supply device to a slope body in the model box for a slope test; the runoff-reflux device is used for dredging and collecting water and conveying the collected water to the water supply device to realize circulation; the data acquisition device is buried in the slope body, the data acquisition device is connected with the input end of the data acquisition transmission instrument, the output end of the data acquisition transmission instrument is connected with the workstation, and the data acquisition transmission instrument receives the slope test data detected by the data acquisition device and transmits the slope test data to the workstation for processing and analysis.

Further, the data acquisition device comprises an image acquisition instrument, a soil pressure acquisition instrument, a water content acquisition instrument, a displacement acquisition instrument, a pore pressure meter, a tension meter, a settlement meter, a rain gauge and a thermometer; the image acquisition instruments are arranged right in front of and on the right side of the slope body, and the front edge and the rear edge of the slope top; the soil pressure collector, the water content collector and the pore pressure meter are arranged at the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of the slope top, and the slope heights and the slope feet of the slope surfaces 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4; the displacement acquisition instrument is embedded in the middle part, the slope shoulder, the middle part of the slope top and the rear edge of the slope; the tensiometer is arranged at the top of the slope, the shoulder of the slope, the slope surface and the toe of the slope; the settlement gauge is arranged at the front edge, the middle edge, the rear edge and the toe of the slope top; the rain gauge is arranged in the middle of the top of the slope; the thermometer is arranged on the front side of the model box.

Furthermore, the rainfall device comprises a canopy frame, a rain curtain, a rotary downward-spraying type spray head, a main water pipe and a plurality of branch water pipes; the main water pipe is arranged on the side surface of the rain shed frame; the branch water pipes are communicated with the main water pipe and distributed at the top of the canopy frame; the rotary downward-spraying type spray head is arranged on the branch water pipe and is used for spraying water to a slope body; the rain shielding curtain is arranged above the rain shed frame and used for shielding rainwater sprayed to the outer side of the model box by the rotary downward spraying type spray head.

Further, water supply installation includes frequency conversion self priming water pump and a plurality of water storage bucket, the delivery port and the main water pipe intercommunication of frequency conversion self priming water pump, the water inlet and the water storage bucket intercommunication of frequency conversion self priming water pump, the water storage bucket is used for storing the water source.

Further, a pulley track is arranged on the bottom plate; pulleys are installed at the bottom of the canopy frame and can move along the pulley rails, and the rainfall device is moved to the two sides of the model box by the pulleys during the slope test.

Further, the working pressure of the rotary lower-spraying nozzle is 0.15MPa, the rotary lower-spraying nozzle comprises three rotary lower-spraying nozzles with different specifications, namely a No. 1 rotary lower-spraying nozzle, a No. 2 rotary lower-spraying nozzle and a No. 3 rotary lower-spraying nozzle; the diameter of the nozzle of the No. 1 rotary downward spraying type spray head is 2mm, the diameter of the nozzle of the No. 2 rotary downward spraying type spray head is 3.0mm, and the diameter of the nozzle of the No. 3 rotary downward spraying type spray head is 1.2 mm; all the No. 1 rotating downward-spraying type nozzles, the No. 2 rotating downward-spraying type nozzles and the No. 3 rotating downward-spraying type nozzles are 4.7m away from the bottom plate.

Further, the runoff-reflux device comprises a water collecting tank, a water suction pump and a plurality of flow guide grooves, wherein the flow guide grooves are formed in the top of the model box and the toe of the slope body and used for recovering water into the water collecting tank, and the water suction pump is used for pumping the water in the water collecting tank into the water storage barrel.

Further, artifical humidification side slope full scale model test system still includes power device, power device is located the right side trailing edge of model box, and is parallel and level with the front edge of packway, power device includes concrete base and crane group, the crane group is located the top of concrete base, the crane group is used for transporting the test soil sample to in the model box.

The utility model discloses according to the engineering general profile, analogize actual engineering side slope size design full scale side slope model, provided a full scale model test system suitable for studying side slope deformation mechanism, the utility model discloses a full scale model test system is applicable to side slope full scale model test research, and the test method feasibility degree is high, and is simple and convenient, and test data is scientific and rigorous, the precision is high; the utility model discloses a system low cost chooses rotary-type down-spraying type shower nozzle for use, carries out accurate control to the rainfall degree of consistency and raindrop particle diameter, kinetic energy, and the rainfall under the truest natural condition of reduction has guaranteed the compliance of experimental and true circumstances. The method aims to research the deformation and damage rule and mechanism inside the natural slope and provides a theoretical basis for the protection and treatment of the engineering slope.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the manual humidification side slope full scale model test system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a data acquisition device of the manual humidification side slope full scale model test system of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the testing state of the manual humidifying slope full scale model testing system of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a model box of the manual humidifying slope full scale model test system of the utility model.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a rainfall device of the artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of the utility model.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a water supply device of the artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of the utility model.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a runoff-reflux apparatus of an artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of the utility model.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power device of the manual humidification side slope full scale model test system of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic layout of the data acquisition device of the manual humidification side slope full scale model test system of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a graph of water content time course in a test process of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a graph of the substrate suction time course during an experiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a graph of pore pressure time course during the test of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a graph of the soil pressure time course in the test process of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a graph of displacement time course during a test according to the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a graph of evaporation rate versus time in a test process according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system, which includes a bottom plate 1, a model box 2, a power device 3, a water supply device 4, a rainfall device 5, a data acquisition device 6, a data acquisition and transmission instrument 7, a runoff-reflux device 8 and a workstation (not shown in the figure).

The base plate 1 is placed on the ground, the model box base plate 11 is placed above the base plate 1, the model box 2 is placed above the model box base plate 11, and a pulley rail 12 with the length of 14m is fixed on the base plate 1.

Referring to fig. 4, a slope body is stacked in the mold box 2, the size of the mold box 2 is 6 x 3 x 2.6m (length x width x height), the bottom of the mold box 2 is overlapped by three flat steel plates with the size of 300 x 20 x 0.5cm, the left side and the right side of the mold box 2 are respectively overlapped by four vertical supports and three transverse supports to form a 4 x 4 square frame structure, the vertical supports and the transverse supports are embedded by double-layer glue-sandwiched toughened glass with the thickness of 16mm and the size of 2.6 x 1.25m (length x width), the top and the bottom of the mold box 2 are respectively overlapped with the left side and the right side of the mold box by the transverse supports, the vertical supports and the transverse supports are fixed into a whole by welding, and the vertical supports and the transverse supports are 80 x 43 mm type channel steel; the rear wall of the model box 2 is a waterproof wall body formed by building blocks, the wall surface is subjected to asphalt plastering and seepage-proofing treatment, the size of the wall body is 3 x 1 x 2.6m (length, width and height), the wall body is directly connected with a pavement 21, the size of the pavement 21 is 2.6m, 3m and 1m in length, the top of the pavement 21 is a platform of 3 x 1m (length, width), a data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 is arranged on the platform of the pavement 21, the input end of the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 is connected with a data acquisition device 6, the output end of the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 is connected with a work station, and the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 receives side slope test data acquired by the data acquisition device 6 and transmits the side slope test data to the work station for analysis and treatment; the workstation is composed of a computer, can be arranged at a position close to the model box 2 or far away from the model box 2, and is operated by a tester; the back of the packway 21 is overlapped with an iron frame ladder 22 for the testers to observe the uphill top.

Referring to fig. 5, the rainfall device 5 is used to cooperate with the water supply device 4 to provide simulated rainfall for the model box 2, the overall size of the rainfall device 5 is 7 × 5m (length × width × height), the rainfall device 5 is composed of a rain shed frame 51, a rain curtain 52, a rotary downward-spraying type spray head 53, a main water pipe 54, a plurality of branch water pipes and the like, two sides of the rain shed frame 51 are formed by welding 12 transverse square steels, the top of the rain shed frame 51 is formed by welding 7 transverse square steels, the bottom of the rain shed frame 51 is provided with 6 pulleys 55, the transverse square steels are made of hollow square steels of 40 × 3.0mm (side length × wall thickness) and thick color steel plates of 0.2mm, and the rainfall device 5 can cover the platform of the horse way 21; the rain-proof curtain 52 is formed by connecting two pieces of transparent plastic rain cloth, the transparent plastic rain cloth has good light transmission performance, the influence on the observation of an inner slope body and the data acquisition device 6 of a tester is avoided, the size of two sides of each piece of transparent plastic rain cloth is 5 x 2m, the rear edge of each piece of transparent plastic rain cloth is 3 x 2m (length x width), the rain-proof curtain 52 is fixed on a cross beam right above the corresponding rain shed frame 51 by using a nylon tie, two long edges of each piece of transparent plastic rain cloth are respectively provided with 7 small holes, and the rain-proof curtain 52 can prevent the influence of external wind and rain on the inner slope body of the model box 2 and simultaneously shield rain water sprayed to the outer side of the model box 2 from the internal rotating downward-spraying type spray nozzle 53; the main water pipe 54 is fixed on the left side of the rain shed frame 51, the movable joint 56 is welded at the inlet of the main water pipe 54, all branch water pipes are respectively communicated with the main water pipe 54 and distributed at the top of the rain shed frame 51, and all branch water pipes are provided with first water stop valves; the rotary lower-spraying type spray nozzle 53 is provided with 3 spray nozzles with different specifications, the total number is 22, the normal working pressure of the rotary lower-spraying type spray nozzle 53 is 0.15MPa, and the diameters of the spray orifices of the three rotary lower-spraying type spray nozzles 53 are as follows: the nozzle diameter of the No. 1 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle 53 is 2mm, the nozzle diameter of the No. 2 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle 53 is 3.0mm, and the nozzle diameter of the No. 3 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle 53 is 1.2mm, wherein the No. 1 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle 53 is a wide-angle spray nozzle; in order to meet the test requirements of rain intensity and uniformity, the No. 1 rotary lower spraying type spray nozzle 53 is arranged on a branch water pipe positioned in the middle of the top of the rain shed frame 51, the No. 2 rotary lower spraying type spray nozzle 53 and the No. 3 rotary lower spraying type spray nozzle 53 are respectively arranged on 4 branch water pipes at equal intervals and are arranged adjacently, and the distance between all the No. 1 rotary lower spraying type spray nozzles 53, the No. 2 rotary lower spraying type spray nozzles 53 and the No. 3 rotary lower spraying type spray nozzle 53 and the bottom plate 1 is 4.7 m; to increase the illuminance, 3 LED searchlights 57 are mounted at the left and right side frames 51 at positions 3m high, respectively.

Referring to fig. 6, the water supply device 4 includes two water storage tanks 41 and a variable frequency self-priming water pump 42, a water outlet of the variable frequency self-priming water pump 42 is connected with a main water pipe 54 through an union 56, and a flow meter 43 is installed at the water outlet of the variable frequency self-priming water pump 42 for recording the total amount of water; frequency conversion self priming water pump 42's water inlet passes through PPR water piping connection water storage bucket 41, installs second stagnant water valve 44 in the middle, and water storage bucket 41 settles in model case 2's left side trailing edge, and water storage bucket 41 comprises two HDPE water collecting tanks, and single HDPE water collecting tank specification is 1.5t, and two water storage buckets 41's bottom leads to the pipe intercommunication, and the rainfall is connected outside water source at two water storage buckets 41's top constantly and is supplied water for water storage bucket 41.

Referring to fig. 2 and 9, the data acquisition device 6 mainly acquires various data and analyses for model tests, and is composed of an image acquisition instrument 61, a soil pressure acquisition instrument 62, a moisture content acquisition instrument 63, a displacement acquisition instrument 64, a pore pressure meter 65, a tension meter 66, a settlement meter 67, a rain gauge 68, a thermometer 69, and the like; the image acquisition instrument 61 mainly comprises a professional high-definition digital camera and a high-speed video camera, the number of camera pixels is more than 3000 ten thousand, 3.5 pictures are continuously shot per second, and the number of camera imaging pixels is more than 1420 ten thousand; the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62 can adopt various soil pressure boxes with the specification of about 120 x 2.5mm, the measuring range of 0-300 kpa and the precision of less than or equal to 0.1kpa, the length of a lead is more than 8m, the lead is connected with the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 and is used for measuring the soil pressure of a soil body, and the index is mainly related to factors such as depth, soil body displacement and the like; the moisture content collector 63 can adopt various moisture content probes with moisture content measuring precision less than or equal to +/-2.5% (dry soil) and +/-0.6% (saturated soil), the length of a lead is more than 8m, and the moisture content collector is connected with the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 and is used for measuring the moisture content of the soil body, and the index is mainly related to the permeability of the soil body, the rainfall time and the embedding depth; the displacement acquisition instrument 64 can adopt a distributed fiber optic equivalent displacement sensor with the resolution of 1 mu epsilon and the measurement precision of more than 0.3 percent F.S, and is correspondingly provided with a fiber grating demodulator for measuring the displacement of the soil body, and the index is mainly related to the deformation of the soil body; the pore pressure gauge 65 adopts a specification similar to that of a soil pressure cell, is mainly used for collecting the pore pressure of a soil body in the test process, and the index is mainly related to the permeability, the depth and the water content of the soil body; the tensiometer 66 can adopt a wired soil moisture tensiometer with the measuring range of 0-100 kpa, and is used for measuring the water suction force of a soil body, and the index is closely related to the water content of the soil body; the settlement gauge 67 can adopt various inductive settlement gauges with the measuring range of 0-400 mm and the resolution ratio of 0.01-0.1 mm, and is used for measuring the settlement amount of the soil body, and the index is mainly related to time and the water content of the soil body; the rain gauge 68 can adopt various rain gauges with the resolution ratio of more than or equal to 0.2mm, the measurement accuracy of less than 3% and the rain intensity range of 0.01-44 mm/min to measure the rainfall intensity at different moments; the image acquisition instruments 61 are arranged right in front of and on the right side of the slope body, the front edge and the rear edge of the slope top, the image acquisition instrument 61 at the slope bottom is supported by a triangular bracket and stands upright on the ground at a height of about 1.6m, the image acquisition instrument 61 at the slope top is fixed on the rain shed frame 51, all the image acquisition instruments 61 adjust focal lengths and positions to proper distances, the target slope body is covered in a view angle range, and the change condition of the slope body is recorded in real time; the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62, the water content acquisition instrument 63, the displacement acquisition instrument 64, the settlement gauge 67 and other instruments are embedded in advance when soil bodies are compacted in a layering manner, and the arrangement positions of the instruments are mainly arranged layer by layer along the slope and the top surface of the slope to the deep part because the general permeability coefficient of the soil slope is small and external influence factors such as rainwater are mainly concentrated on the shallow layer; the embedding part of the displacement acquisition instrument 64 is mainly embedded in the middle part of a slope, a slope shoulder, the middle part of a slope top, the rear edge and the front edge of the slope top, the depth is not less than 2m, and other parts can be correspondingly reduced; the arrangement positions of the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62 and the water content acquisition instrument 63 are slope top rear edge, middle part and front edge, slope surfaces 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4 slope heights, slope feet and the like, the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62 and the water content acquisition instrument 63 are arranged adjacently, the embedding depth is the same, the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62 and the water content acquisition instrument 63 are preferably distributed in the depth range of 1.5 meters of the slope surfaces, the slope feet and the slope tops, the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62 and the water content acquisition instrument 63 are only separated by 40cm in the horizontal direction and are divided into one layer with the same distance with the surface of a slope body, the density of instruments embedded towards the slope top rear edge and the deep part is reduced, the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62 at the slope top mainly measures the law of soil pressure change caused by the self weight change of a soil body due to rainfall, and the soil pressure acquisition instrument 62; the arrangement position of the pore pressure gauge 65 is similar to that of the water content collector 63, and the arrangement positions are the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of a slope top, slope surfaces 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4 of slope height, slope foot and the like, and the arrangement depth is reduced; after the slope body is filled, the tensiometer 66 vertically downwards punches holes at the top of the slope, the shoulder of the slope, the slope surface, the slope foot and the like, the aperture is larger than the diameter of the tensiometer 66, and when the tensiometer 66 is placed, slurry is poured into the holes to fill the gaps in the holes, and the burial depth is about 60 cm; the settlement gauge 67 is mainly arranged on the front edge, the middle edge, the rear edge and the toe part of the slope top surface; the rain gauge 68 is arranged in the middle of the top of the slope and monitors the rainfall intensity in real time; thermometer 69 is fixed to the front side of mold box 2; and each working condition is recommended to be at least provided with the following instruments: the device comprises displacement collectors 64,

soil pressure collectors

62 and 62,

moisture content collectors

63 and 63,

pore pressure meters

65 and 66,

settlement meters

67 and 68 and thermometers 69, and all the instruments can be symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction to prevent local deformation of the side slope and prevent data acquisition failure, and the number of the instruments is properly doubled; the wires of various sensors are led out from the rear wall of the model box 2 and are connected with a data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 of the platform of the packway 21, the wires of the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 are uniformly transmitted to a workstation right in front of the model box 2 from the left side of the model box 2, and a tester compares and analyzes data and slope conditions in real time;

referring to fig. 7, the runoff and confluence device 8 is mainly used for rainwater diversion and recovery in model tests and comprises a plurality of diversion trenches 81, a filter 82, a water collecting tank 83, a water suction pump 84, a backflow water pipe 85 and the like, wherein the diversion trenches 81 are made of color coated steel plates and are arranged on the top and the top of the model box 2The bottom of the slope body is fixed with a diversion trench 81 for diverting the water flow collected from the rain screen 52 and the slope; the diversion trench 81 positioned at the top of the model box 2 inclines along the rear part of the model box 2, and the collected rainwater is directly injected into the water storage bucket 41 through a water pipe; the slope runoff dredged by the diversion trench 81 positioned at the toe of the slope is filtered by the filter 82 and then is converged in the water collecting tank 8³Performing the following steps; the diversion trench 81 on the top of the slope is provided with a hook for hooking the small hole of the transparent plastic rain cloth, so that the transparent plastic rain cloth is fixed above the top of the slope; the water suction pump 84 is arranged beside the water collecting tank 83, the connecting water pipe is directly communicated with the water storage barrel 41, water in the water collecting tank 83 is precipitated, the upper clear water flow is pumped back to the water storage barrel 41 by the water suction pump 84 for reuse, and the bottom of the water collecting tank 83 is provided with a water outlet for discharging precipitated silt in time.

Referring to fig. 8, the power device 3 mainly provides power for filling in the model test, and is composed of a concrete base 31 and a crane set 32, wherein the crane set 32 is located above the concrete base 31, the total height of the crane set 32 is 3.5m, the length of an arm lever of the crane set 32 is 2m, the length of a steel wire rope is 20m, and the maximum load of the crane set 32 is 1 t; the side length of the concrete base 31 is 1.5m, so that a tester can operate the crane; the power unit 3 is located at the right rear edge of the model box 2, flush with the front edge of the horse way 21, and the tester can get on the concrete base 31 by means of the iron frame ladder 22.

The use steps of the artificial humidifying slope full scale model test system are as follows:

step S1, tedding, rolling and sieving an undisturbed soil sample, in order to ensure that the structural conditions of the model side slope and the soil body of the natural side slope are similar, matching the water content of the sieved soil sample to about 17%, sampling and detecting the water content of the soil body, and stewing for 12h for later use after controlling the water content of the soil sample; evenly coating vaseline on the side wall of the model box 2 to eliminate the influence of the boundary condition of the model; square grids with the side length of 10cm are distributed on the outer wall of the laminated toughened glass of the model box 2, and red mark points with the diameter of about 1cm are buried in the inner part corresponding to the intersection points of the square grids; adopting a layered compaction method to build a trapezoid slope with the density (about 2.0 g/cm)³) Determined by the compaction height, each layer of soil is firstly filled and paved with 30cm of thickness and leveled, then compacted to 20cm by a small flat tamper, and the density of each layer of soil is taken out by a cutting ring sampleDetecting, namely uniformly distributing and taking 6 samples at least at the same time to carry out shear strength and permeability tests, and ensuring that the strength and permeability of the soil body of the side slope meet the design requirements;

step S2, burying soil pressure collector 62, moisture content collector 63, displacement collector 64, pore pressure meter 65, tension meter 66, settlement meter 67 and other instruments according to design depth in advance when layering and compacting soil, arranging sensors at the position with larger physical quantity variation as much as possible according to the burying principle, leading out various sensor leads from the back wall of model box 2, connecting with data collection and transmission instrument 7 on the platform of horse way 21, transmitting the collected data from the left side of model box 2 to the workstation right in front of model box 2 through leads, and comparing and analyzing the test data and the actual situation of slope in real time by the workstation; meanwhile, after each layer of soil is filled and paved, flexible strings are embedded in the direction parallel to the length direction of the model slope, the spacing density of the strings in the width direction is 5 cm/strip, the rear edge of each string is fixed on the rear wall of the model box 2, the dew point of the front edge is controlled on the slope surface, and 29 strings are embedded in each layer in total; because the full-scale side slope model is higher and the difficulty of the filling process of the upper part of the side slope is higher, the power device 3 is adopted to transport the soil sample; roughening each layer of soil compaction surface, filling the slope by repeating the steps, after filling the side slope, cutting the slope according to a designed slope ratio of 1: 0.75-1: 2, standing, and marking points on the slope surface at equal intervals of 10 cm;

step S3, completing sensor burying, sliding the rainfall device 5 to the bottom plate 1 along the pulley rail 12 to make it located right above the model box 2, and completely covering the slope and the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 to prevent from being influenced by external rainfall, as shown in FIG. 3; the main water pipe 54 is connected with the variable-frequency self-priming water pump 42 through an union 56, and a water source is connected; fixing the upper part of the rain curtain 52 on the top of the rain shed frame 51, and fixing the lower part of the rain curtain 52 above the diversion trench 81 on the top of the slope through a small hole; installing a diversion trench 81 at the toe; after the preparation is finished, the data acquisition and transmission instrument 7 starts information acquisition, the water supply device 4 and the rainfall device 5 perform rainfall on the side slope, an external water source is used for injecting water into the water storage barrel 41, the second water stop valve 44 is closed, the initial reading of the rain gauge 68 is recorded, the variable-frequency self-priming water pump 42 is opened to adjust the water pressure for rainfall, the rain gauge 68 is installed in the middle of the top of the slope, the rainfall intensity of the side slope can be fed back in real time, and the rainfall uniformity and intensity can meet the design requirements; in order to research the natural slope deformation failure mechanism, a continuous rainfall working condition and a dry-wet cycle working condition are designed according to the characteristics of natural rainfall; the continuous rainfall working condition is divided into heavy rain and heavy rain; the dry-wet cycle working condition is that after each rainfall is finished, the slope body enters a natural drying stage in the same time, and the cycle is carried out; controlling rainfall intensity and rainfall time, recording the reading of a rain gauge 68, and reasonably designing rainfall and natural evaporation time; in order to ensure the maximum rainwater infiltration rate and prevent the side slope surface from being seriously washed, small rain is mainly applied in the early stage to moisten the slope body; controlling a single variable principle, wherein the rainfall time of each rainfall intensity is the same; in order to realize energy conservation and environmental protection of the model test, the rainwater in the slope top and the slope toe diversion trench 81 is recovered during rainfall; accumulated water in a diversion trench 81 positioned at the top of the model box 2 directly flows back to the water storage barrel 41 through a water pipe, turbid runoff on a slope surface is collected through the diversion trench 81, silt is filtered by a filter 82 and flows into a water collecting tank 83, and the settled clean water flow is pumped back to the water storage barrel 41 by a water pump 84 for reuse;

step S4, in rainfall, the image acquisition instrument 61 records the change condition of the slope at regular time, researches the overall deformation damage form of the slope by comparing the displacement of the slope and the side wall mark points at different moments, and judges the deformation of the slope by observing the development condition of the side wall crack through toughened glass; fixing grids at four corner points of an original slope surface, wherein squares with equal intervals and side lengths of 10cm are arranged inside the grids, measuring the exposed length of a string after a slope body is damaged, constructing a three-dimensional slope damage model according to software three-dimensional visualization processing, and calculating the damaged volume of the slope body; the high-definition camera records the damage forms of the side slopes at different moments in time, recovers the damage surfaces by using a photo three-dimensional reconstruction technology, quantitatively analyzes the slope form indexes, and records the time, scale, frequency, position and the like of landslide;

step S5, in the stage of slope natural drying, the rainfall device 5 is removed to make the slope naturally evaporate and infiltrate; in order to research the law of slope crack and evaporation rate, a slope body is dried, and samples are respectively taken at the rear edge of the slope top, the middle part of the slope top, the slope shoulder, the upper part of the slope surface, the middle part of the slope surface and the lower part of the slope surface by using a cutting ring, the bottom of the cutting ring is sealed by using a preservative film and then placed back to respective sampling positions, the mass is weighed once every 10min for converting the evaporation rate, and when the difference value of the mass of the same sample is small twice, the weighing time can be adjusted to 30 min/; recording the growth condition of the slope cracks, fixing a small area, measuring the number of cracks, the growth position, the generation time and the growth depth at regular time, and repeating the dry-wet cycle until the slope is deformed and damaged.

In one embodiment, the results of the slope simulation test performed by the manual humidification slope full scale model test system of the present invention are shown in fig. 10-15, fig. 10 is a graph of water content time course in a test process, fig. 11 is a graph of matrix suction time course in a test process, fig. 12 is a graph of pore pressure time course in a test process, fig. 13 is a graph of soil pressure time course in a test process, fig. 14 is a graph of displacement time course in a test process, and fig. 15 is a graph of evaporation amount time course in a test process.

The size of the model box 2 of the utility model meets the requirements of full-scale slope tests, the slope building is simple and convenient, and manpower and material resources are saved; the rainfall device 5 can simulate various rainintensities under natural conditions, and ensures that the rainfall uniformity and the raindrop particle size are similar to actual rainfall; the data acquisition device 6 can accurately measure the seepage field, the soil pressure field, the strain field, the pore pressure, the matrix suction and other data in the slope at different moments under the rainfall test; the runoff-backflow device 8 can dredge slope and top runoff of the slope and can recycle water resources; the power device 3 can provide power for the filling process of the full-scale side slope, so that the slope building efficiency is greatly improved, and a safe and efficient test is realized; the utility model discloses a system meets the requirements as follows: the method has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high automation degree of slope building in tests, simplicity in operation, energy conservation, environmental protection and scientific and effective monitored test data, and provides guarantee for exploring the internal deformation damage law and mechanism of the side slope in tests.

In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.

The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-scale model test system for an artificial humidifying slope is characterized by comprising a bottom plate, a model box, a water supply device, a rainfall device, a data acquisition and transmission instrument, a runoff-reflux device and a workstation; the model box is placed above the bottom plate, a slope body is constructed in the model box, and the rear wall of the model box is connected with a packway; the data acquisition transmission instrument is placed at the top of the riding track; the rainfall device can be moved to two sides of the model box and is connected with the water supply device, and the rainfall device sprays water stored by the water supply device to a slope body in the model box for a slope test; the runoff-reflux device is used for dredging and collecting water and conveying the collected water to the water supply device to realize circulation; the data acquisition device is buried in the slope body, the data acquisition device is connected with the input end of the data acquisition transmission instrument, the output end of the data acquisition transmission instrument is connected with the workstation, and the data acquisition transmission instrument receives the slope test data detected by the data acquisition device and transmits the slope test data to the workstation for processing and analysis.

2. The artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition device comprises an image acquisition instrument, a soil pressure acquisition instrument, a water content acquisition instrument, a displacement acquisition instrument, a pore pressure meter, a tension meter, a settlement meter, a rain gauge and a thermometer; the image acquisition instruments are arranged right in front of and on the right side of the slope body, and the front edge and the rear edge of the slope top; the soil pressure collector, the water content collector and the pore pressure meter are arranged at the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of the slope top, and the slope heights and the slope feet of the slope surfaces 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4; the displacement acquisition instrument is embedded in the middle part, the slope shoulder, the middle part of the slope top and the rear edge of the slope; the tensiometer is arranged at the top of the slope, the shoulder of the slope, the slope surface and the toe of the slope; the settlement gauge is arranged at the front edge, the middle edge, the rear edge and the toe of the slope top; the rain gauge is arranged in the middle of the top of the slope; the thermometer is arranged on the front side of the model box.

3. The artificial humidification slope full scale model test system of claim 1, wherein the rainfall device comprises a canopy frame, a rain curtain, a rotary downward spray type spray head, a main water pipe and a plurality of branch water pipes; the main water pipe is arranged on the side surface of the rain shed frame; the branch water pipes are communicated with the main water pipe and distributed at the top of the canopy frame; the rotary downward-spraying type spray head is arranged on the branch water pipe and is used for spraying water to a slope body; the rain shielding curtain is arranged above the rain shed frame and used for shielding rainwater sprayed to the outer side of the model box by the rotary downward spraying type spray head.

4. The artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of claim 3, wherein the water supply device comprises a variable frequency self-priming water pump and a plurality of water storage barrels, a water outlet of the variable frequency self-priming water pump is communicated with a main water pipe, a water inlet of the variable frequency self-priming water pump is communicated with the water storage barrels, and the water storage barrels are used for storing water sources.

5. The artificial humidification slope full scale model test system of claim 3, wherein a pulley track is arranged on the bottom plate; pulleys are installed at the bottom of the canopy frame and can move along the pulley rails, and the rainfall device is moved to the two sides of the model box by the pulleys during the slope test.

6. The artificial humidification slope full scale model test system of claim 3, wherein the working pressure of the rotary downward spray type spray nozzle is 0.15MPa, the rotary downward spray type spray nozzle comprises three rotary downward spray type spray nozzles with different specifications, namely a No. 1 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle, a No. 2 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle and a No. 3 rotary downward spray type spray nozzle; the diameter of the nozzle of the No. 1 rotary downward spraying type spray head is 2mm, the diameter of the nozzle of the No. 2 rotary downward spraying type spray head is 3.0mm, and the diameter of the nozzle of the No. 3 rotary downward spraying type spray head is 1.2 mm; all the No. 1 rotating downward-spraying type nozzles, the No. 2 rotating downward-spraying type nozzles and the No. 3 rotating downward-spraying type nozzles are 4.7m away from the bottom plate.

7. The artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of claim 4, wherein the runoff-reflux apparatus comprises a water collecting tank, a water suction pump and a plurality of diversion trenches, the diversion trenches are arranged at the top of the model box and the toe of the slope body and used for recovering water into the water collecting tank, and the water suction pump is used for pumping water in the water collecting tank into the water storage barrel.

8. The artificial humidification side slope full scale model test system of claim 1, further comprising a power device, wherein the power device is located at the rear edge of the right side of the model box and is flush with the front edge of the carriageway, the power device comprises a concrete base and a crane unit, the crane unit is located above the concrete base, and the crane unit is used for transporting the test soil sample into the model box.