CN112964563A - Simulation box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load and test method - Google Patents
Simulation box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112964563A CN112964563A CN202110127247.XA CN202110127247A CN112964563A CN 112964563 A CN112964563 A CN 112964563A CN 202110127247 A CN202110127247 A CN 202110127247A CN 112964563 A CN112964563 A CN 112964563A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention relates to a model box and a test method for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load, wherein a tunnel model body penetrates through two ends of a model box body and is fixed by foundation soil, a travelling rail is paved along the bottom of the tunnel model body to the outside of the model box body in an extending way, a loading plate is installed on the foundation soil covered above the tunnel model body, a hydraulic jack is arranged on the loading plate, a measuring system comprises a strain gauge, a soil pressure box, a micro pore water pressure sensor, a tracer soil band, a temperature sensor and a water content sensor, the strain gauge is arranged on the pipe wall of the tunnel model body, the soil pressure box and the micro pore water pressure sensor are both paved below the tunnel model body, the tracer soil band is paved in the foundation soil in layers, and the temperature sensor and the water content sensor are both inserted into the foundation soil. The simulation box can truly simulate the long-term settlement of the tunnel under the actions of covering the ground soil pressure, the subway operation load and the like on the tunnel structure, can collect the changes of the internal force of the tunnel and the changes of the stress and the pore pressure of different positions of the ground soil in the test, and is safe and reliable in test operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering model tests, and particularly relates to a model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load and a test method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of model tests, the test technology and method are continuously innovated, and the model tests are more and more accepted and favored by researchers as a scientific technical means.
At present, most of tunnel long-term settlement model boxes are three pieces of loading test equipment. And some tunnels such as immersed tube tunnels and shield tunnels not only need to consider the short-term action of load, but also need to consider the influence on the tunnel structure under the action of long-term load. Taking the immersed tube tunnel as an example, the uneven settlement of the immersed tube can be caused under the actions of uneven backfill of a soil body after excavation, errors of foundation construction, nature of natural foundation soil, liquefaction of earthquake sandy soil and the like, and the uneven settlement can have great influence on the safety of the immersed tube tunnel. The foundation under the immersed tube can be divided into artificial foundation and natural foundation, and the influence of the soil property of the foundation and the external load on the stress of the immersed tube should be considered in the model test process.
The existing settlement test platform consists of a plurality of electric mechanical jacks with rated load of dozens to one hundred tons, equilateral triangular reinforced concrete panels with side length of 1.5-2.0 m and rectangular reinforced concrete columns arranged at the lower parts of the jacks. The jack is controlled by an electronic computer and a PLC lower computer, the maximum stroke is dozens of centimeters, and the control precision is 1 mm. The test platform is huge and is suitable for simulating foundation settlement of large-scale test models such as roadbeds, dams and tunnels. The large-scale model test has long test period and high cost, is not suitable for general tunnel model test research, and can not simulate the influence of the subway tunnel on the foundation settlement under the action of traffic load, temperature and humidity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects of a tunnel model test box in the prior art, the invention provides a model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load and a test method thereof, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a model box for simulating the long-term settlement of a tunnel under the operation load of a subway comprises a model box body, a tunnel model body, a loading plate, a hydraulic jack and a measuring system, wherein the tunnel model body penetrates through two ends of the model box body, and the foundation soil is fixed in the model box body, the travelling crane track is laid along the bottom of the tunnel model body to extend out of the model box body, the loading plate is arranged at the top of the foundation soil covered above the tunnel model body, the hydraulic jack is arranged on the loading plate, the measuring system comprises a strain gauge, a soil pressure box, a micro pore water pressure sensor, a trace soil belt, a temperature sensor and a water content sensor, the strain gauge is arranged on the pipe wall of the tunnel model body, the soil pressure box and the micro pore water pressure sensor are respectively laid below the tunnel model body, the trace soil belt is laid in the foundation soil layer by layer from bottom to top, and the temperature sensor and the water content sensor are respectively inserted into the foundation soil.
The dry-wet circulation system comprises a fan heater, rainfall simulation equipment and a water supply network, the fan heater and the rainfall simulation equipment are respectively arranged above a loading plate, a plurality of through holes are formed in the loading plate, the water supply network is laid at the bottom of the model box, and the model car is placed on a driving track.
Furthermore, the rainfall simulation equipment is a water valve, and a counterweight lead block is arranged on the model car.
Furthermore, the connection parts of the two outlets of the travelling crane track and the tunnel model body are respectively fixed through flexible pipes, the bottom of the travelling crane track extending and paved outside the model box body is supported through a plurality of fixed supports, and the travelling crane track is an annular track or a straight track.
Furthermore, the tunnel model body is in a reduced pipe shape, and the temperature sensor and the water content sensor are in straight rod shapes.
A test method for a model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing uniform foundation soil, and filling the foundation soil into the simulation box body in layers;
(2) embedding a tunnel model body at a set depth, continuously filling foundation soil, and applying pressure to the loading plate through a hydraulic jack to compress and solidify the foundation soil in the simulation box body;
(3) after the deformation of the foundation soil in the step (2) is stable, applying a load simulating subway operation through a hydraulic jack, and realizing dry-wet circulation of the foundation soil in the simulated expansion simulation box by controlling a dry-wet circulation system;
(4) and acquiring comprehensive basic test data such as stress strain and settlement of the tunnel model body, water content and dry-wet cycle change in foundation soil, stress and displacement of the foundation soil and the like through a measuring system.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The model box for simulating the long-term tunnel settlement under the subway operation load can truly simulate the long-term tunnel settlement under the actions of the pressure of the ground foundation soil covering the tunnel structure, the subway operation load and the like, can acquire the change of the internal force of the tunnel and the change of the stress and the pore pressure change of the ground foundation soil at different positions in the test through the measuring system, has definite action mechanism and safe and reliable test operation, can provide good technical support for the settlement model test of similar underground structures (particularly a shield tunnel and a immersed tube tunnel), and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a simulation box according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of fig. 2.
In the figure:
1. a loading plate; 2. a hydraulic jack; 3. rainfall simulation equipment; 4. a tunnel model body; 4-1, model car; 4-2, strain gauges; 4-3, fixing a bracket; 5-1, a temperature sensor; 5-2, a water content sensor; 5-3, a water supply pipe network; 5-4, a micro pore water pressure sensor; 5-5, a soil pressure cell; 5-6, tracing soil belt; 6. a flexible tube; 7. a running track; 8. a model box; 9. a warm air blower.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, and it should be noted that the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load according to the embodiment includes a model box body 8, a tunnel model body 4, a loading plate 1, a hydraulic jack 2, a wet-dry circulation system, a model car 4-1 and a measurement system.
The tunnel model body 4 is in a reduced scale tubular shape, the tunnel model body 4 penetrates through two ends of the model box body 8 and is fixed in the model box body 8 by adopting foundation soil, the travelling crane rail 7 is paved along the bottom of the tunnel model body 4 to extend out of the model box body 8, the bottom of the travelling crane rail 7 paved to extend out of the model box body 8 is supported by a plurality of fixing supports 4-3, the connection parts of two outlets of the travelling crane rail 7 and the tunnel model body 4 are respectively fixed by flexible pipes 6, and the diameter of the flexible pipes 6 is larger than that of the tunnel model body 4. The travelling rail 7 is an annular rail or a straight rail, and aims to realize the simulation of the periodical subway operation load. The method is characterized in that a lead block is placed on a model car 4-1 after being weighted, and the method aims to achieve the moving force level consistent with the actual working condition, based on the Mindlin solution in the elastic half space, preliminary estimation is carried out according to the self weight (such as the axle weight of a B-type car is 14t) of the metro vehicle and the number of people (the average weight is 60kg per square meter) in overload, and the amplitude of the dynamic stress generated by the foundation soil at the bottom surface of a tunnel segment due to actual metro operation is 5-15 kPa. And (3) slotting a special part preset in the tunnel model body 4 to simulate bolt connection.
The loading plate 1 is arranged on the top of foundation soil covered above the tunnel model body 4, and the hydraulic jack 2 is arranged on the loading plate 4 and fixed on the top of the model box body 8. The method aims to perform pressure simulation on foundation soil covered above a tunnel model body 4, load a loading plate 1 through a hydraulic jack 2, at least meet 50kPa loading, apply the same pressure as an actual working condition on the foundation soil covered above the tunnel model body 4, perform model test in a high-level stress environment, accurately predict long-term settlement of a subway tunnel, and study the mechanism of the model test.
In order to control the dry-wet circulation of the expansive soil, a dry-wet circulation system is arranged in the simulation box body 8, the dry-wet circulation system comprises a warm air blower 9, rainfall simulation equipment 3 and a water supply network 5-3, the water supply network 5-3 is laid at the bottom of the model box body 8, the warm air blower 9 and the rainfall simulation equipment 3 are respectively arranged above the loading plate 1, and the loading plate 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes for water and air permeability. Preferably, the rainfall simulation device 3 is a water valve. Preferably, the warm air blower 9 and the water valve are respectively arranged in two numbers and are respectively and symmetrically arranged above the loading plate 1, so as to simulate the expansive soil dry-wet cycle caused by the rise and fall of the underground water level and the change of seasons. Because the water permeability of the expansive soil is poor, the humidification process is realized from bottom to top by water supply and depending on the capillary action, the dehumidification process is realized from top to bottom by air supply and temperature rise of the warm air blower 9 and depending on the moisture evaporation, and the humidification and dehumidification processes are consistent with the conditions of the foundation soil of the actual subway tunnel.
The measuring system comprises a strain gauge 4-2, a soil pressure box 5-5, a micro pore water pressure sensor 5-4, a tracing soil belt 5-6, a temperature sensor 5-1 and a water content sensor 5-2, wherein the strain gauge 4-2 is attached to the pipe wall of the tunnel model body 4, and the change condition of the internal force of the tunnel model body 4 at the corresponding position can be obtained. And a soil pressure box 5-5 and a micro pore water pressure sensor 5-4 are respectively paved below the tunnel model body 4 to monitor the stress change and the pore pressure change of the foundation soil at different positions in the test. Preferably, the soil pressure cell 5-5 is of the type HCYB-16 and the micro pore water pressure sensing head 5-4 is of the type HC-25. The strain gauge 4-2 and the soil pressure cell 5-5 acquire information in a wireless mode, so that interference of cables of a conventional acquisition system on foundation soil of the tunnel model body 4 is reduced. The tracer soil belts 5-6 are laid in the foundation soil layer by layer from bottom to top, and the tracer soil belts 5-6 are used for observing the deformation of the soil body. In the test process, the monitoring of the water content of the expansive soil and the control of the dry-wet cycle amplitude are finished by a temperature sensor 5-1 with the model of HC-5 and a water content sensor 5-2 with the model of EC-5, the temperature sensor 5-1 and the water content sensor 5-2 are straight rod-shaped and are respectively inserted into the foundation soil from top to bottom, and the temperature and the water content change process on the whole depth section of the foundation soil can be measured. And acquiring omnibearing basic test data such as water content and dry-wet cycle change in the foundation soil, stress strain and settlement of the tunnel model body 4, foundation soil stress and displacement and the like by using a measuring system.
A test method for a model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing uniform foundation soil, and filling the foundation soil into the simulation box body 8 in layers;
(2) embedding a tunnel model body 4 at a set depth, continuously filling foundation soil, and applying pressure to the loading plate 1 through the hydraulic jack 2 to compress and solidify the foundation soil in the simulation box body 8;
(3) after the deformation of the foundation soil in the step (2) is stable, applying a load for simulating subway operation through a hydraulic jack 2, and realizing the dry-wet circulation of the foundation soil in the simulated expansion simulation box body 8 by controlling a fan heater 9, a rainfall simulation device 3 and a water supply network 5-3;
(4) comprehensive basic test data such as stress strain and settlement of the tunnel model body 4, water content and dry-wet cycle change in foundation soil, stress and displacement of the foundation soil and the like are obtained through the strain gauge 4-2, the soil pressure cell 5-5, the micro pore water pressure sensor 5-4, the tracer soil band 5-6, the temperature sensor 5-1 and the water content sensor 5-2.
The tunnel model settlement simulation box of the embodiment is suitable for both a shield model and a immersed tube model. The long-term settlement of the tunnel under the effects of the pressure of the foundation soil covering the upper part of the tunnel model body 4, the subway operation load, the expansive soil dry-wet cycle and the like can be truly simulated, and the method has certain scientific research value.
Modifications thereof, which would occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The model box for simulating the long-term tunnel settlement under the subway operation load is characterized by comprising a model box body, tunnel model bodies, a loading plate, a hydraulic jack and a measuring system, wherein the tunnel model bodies penetrate through two ends of the model box body and are fixed in the model box body by adopting foundation soil, a travelling rail is laid along the bottom of the tunnel model bodies and extends out of the model box body, the loading plate is arranged at the top of the foundation soil covered above the tunnel model bodies, the hydraulic jack is arranged on the loading plate and is fixed at the top of the model box body, the measuring system comprises a strain gauge, a soil pressure box, a micro pore water pressure sensor, a tracer soil belt, a temperature sensor and a water content sensor, the strain gauge is arranged on the pipe wall of the tunnel model bodies, the soil pressure box and the micro pore water pressure sensor are respectively laid below the tunnel model bodies, the tracer soil belt is laid in the foundation soil layer from bottom to top, the temperature sensor and the water content sensor are respectively inserted into the foundation soil.
2. The model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load according to claim 1, further comprising a dry and wet circulation system and model cars, wherein the dry and wet circulation system comprises a warm air blower, a rainfall simulation device and a water supply pipe network, the warm air blower and the rainfall simulation device are respectively arranged above the loading plate, the loading plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, the water supply pipe network is laid at the bottom of the model box, and the model cars are placed on the travelling rails.
3. The model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load according to claim 2, wherein said rainfall simulation device is a water valve, and a counterweight lead block is mounted on the model car.
4. The model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load according to claim 1, wherein the connection positions of the two outlets of the travelling rail and the tunnel model body are respectively fixed by flexible pipes, and the bottom of the travelling rail extending and laying towards the outside of the model box body is supported by a plurality of fixing supports, and the travelling rail is an annular rail or a straight rail.
5. The model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load according to claim 1, wherein said tunnel model body is in a reduced pipe shape, and the temperature sensor and the water content sensor are in a straight rod shape.
6. A test method for a model box for simulating long-term tunnel settlement under subway operation load according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing uniform foundation soil, and filling the foundation soil into the simulation box body in layers;
(2) embedding a tunnel model body at a set depth, continuously filling foundation soil, and applying pressure to the loading plate through a hydraulic jack to compress and solidify the foundation soil in the simulation box body;
(3) after the deformation of the foundation soil in the step (2) is stable, applying a load simulating subway operation through a hydraulic jack, and realizing dry-wet circulation of the foundation soil in the simulated expansion simulation box by controlling a dry-wet circulation system;
(4) and acquiring comprehensive basic test data such as stress strain and settlement of the tunnel model body, water content and dry-wet cycle change in foundation soil, stress and displacement of the foundation soil and the like through a measuring system.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN113504122A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-15 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Tunnel segment upper soil body load deformation experimental device and method |
| CN113624319A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-09 | 同济大学 | Rail transit annular vibration simulation test device |
| CN113834604A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-24 | 天津大学 | Shield tunnel visual model test device based on adjustable leakage points |
| CN114441313A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-05-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Mine method tunnel excavation underpinning bridge pile foundation experiment model and method |
| CN114441332A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-06 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Model tunnel test device with water and soil pressure respectively controllable and test method |
| CN114544399A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-27 | 上海应用技术大学 | Model experiment device and method for deformation of subway shield interval tunnel and foundation |
| CN117606960A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-27 | 山东大学 | Method and system for scale test for simulating tunnel defect evolution mechanism in operation period |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113504122A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-15 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Tunnel segment upper soil body load deformation experimental device and method |
| CN113624319A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-09 | 同济大学 | Rail transit annular vibration simulation test device |
| CN113834604A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-24 | 天津大学 | Shield tunnel visual model test device based on adjustable leakage points |
| CN114544399A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-27 | 上海应用技术大学 | Model experiment device and method for deformation of subway shield interval tunnel and foundation |
| CN114441313A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-05-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Mine method tunnel excavation underpinning bridge pile foundation experiment model and method |
| CN114441332A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-06 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Model tunnel test device with water and soil pressure respectively controllable and test method |
| CN114441332B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2023-10-24 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Model tunnel test device and test method with respectively controllable water and soil pressure |
| CN117606960A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-27 | 山东大学 | Method and system for scale test for simulating tunnel defect evolution mechanism in operation period |
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