CN114544399A - Model experiment device and method for deformation of subway shield interval tunnel and foundation - Google Patents
Model experiment device and method for deformation of subway shield interval tunnel and foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114544399A CN114544399A CN202210052560.6A CN202210052560A CN114544399A CN 114544399 A CN114544399 A CN 114544399A CN 202210052560 A CN202210052560 A CN 202210052560A CN 114544399 A CN114544399 A CN 114544399A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/34—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by mechanical means, e.g. hammer blows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model experiment device and a method for deformation of a metro shield interval tunnel and a foundation, wherein a plurality of clay layers are laid in a box body of a model box, a concrete tunnel model is placed on the uppermost clay layer, a first strain gauge is installed on the section of the concrete tunnel model, a second strain gauge is embedded at the section of each clay layer below, the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge are respectively connected with a strain gauge through leads, a cage-shaped steel frame anchored with a foundation is arranged above the model box, the cage-shaped steel frame is a square body, a translational slide rail is installed at the top of the cage-shaped steel frame, an underslung vibration exciter is fixedly connected at the bottom of the slide rail, the vibration exciter is connected with a power amplifier through a power line, and the power amplifier is connected with a low-frequency signal generator through the power line. The method can comprehensively and accurately calculate the deformation under different working conditions, has strong practicability and wide application prospect, and is favorable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering tests, in particular to a model experiment device and method for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a subway shield zone.
Background
With the rapid development of urban rail transit in China, the deformation of a subway shield and a lower foundation thereof caused by the dynamic load of a locomotive can further damage the lining of a tunnel after the settlement exceeds a threshold value, so that the phenomena of water seepage, water leakage and the like can be caused, and the safety of the tunnel structure is endangered. Due to the fact that the influence factors of deformation of the shield and the stratum caused by the action of dynamic load of the train are more, deformation under the working condition cannot be comprehensively and accurately calculated through traditional theoretical analysis. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a model experiment device and method for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a subway shield zone to solve the technical problems.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a model experiment device and a method for deformation of a tunnel and a base in a metro shield interval, which adopt different-frequency vibration loading to simulate the experiment requirements of actual train running under different working conditions, simultaneously collect the first test parameter of a strain gauge on a concrete tunnel model and the stress change fed back by the second compression of the strain gauge in a clay layer, obtain the influence rule of the running load on the tunnel deformation through data statistical analysis, have safe and stable experiment device and good running condition, can record the data obtained by vibration excitation under various working conditions at regular time, can comprehensively and accurately calculate the deformation under different working conditions, have strong practicability, have wide application prospect and are favorable for popularization and application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the model experiment device for deformation of the metro shield interval tunnel and the basement comprises a model box, wherein the model box is a hollow cube, a plurality of clay layers are laid in the model box, a concrete tunnel model is placed on the uppermost clay layer, a first strain gauge is installed on the cross section of the concrete tunnel model, a second strain gauge is embedded in the cross section of each clay layer below, the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge are respectively connected with a strain gauge through leads, a cage-shaped steel frame anchored with a foundation is arranged above the model box, the cage-shaped steel frame is a cube, a translational sliding rail is installed at the top of the cage-shaped steel frame, an inverted vibration exciter is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding rail, the vibration exciter is connected with a power amplifier through a power line, and the power amplifier is connected with a low-frequency signal generator through the power line.
Preferably, the concrete tunnel model is a semi-cylinder, concrete is poured at the bottom of the concrete tunnel model, an H-shaped model track is embedded at the top of the concrete tunnel model, and the model track is formed by connecting two parallel steel bars which are connected into a whole in a span way.
Preferably, a bolt hole is formed in the center of the sliding rail, and the vibration exciter is fixed to the sliding rail through a bolt.
Preferably, the slide rail and the cage-shaped steel frame are provided with reinforcing measures.
Preferably, the cage-type steel frame is composed of angle steel, and a base of the cage-type steel frame is reinforced on the surface of the foundation by adopting high-strength bolts.
Preferably, the first strain gauge is installed at the midspan section and the 1/4 section of the concrete tunnel model, and the second strain gauge is installed at the midspan section of the clay layer.
Preferably, three clay layers are laid in the box body of the model box, the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge are respectively fixed at four measuring points, and every two of leads connecting the first strain gauge, the second strain gauge and the strain gauge are connected in a 1/4 bridging mode.
A model experiment method for deformation of tunnels and substrates in a subway shield zone comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing test equipment, designing and constructing a model box and pouring a concrete tunnel model, and preparing enough soil sample materials;
(2) polishing the bottom of the concrete tunnel model by using abrasive paper, then adhering welded strain gauges I on the midspan section and the 1/4 section, and smearing waterproof sealing silica gel;
(3) the vibration exciter is fixed at the bottom of the slide rail in an inverted suspension mode, and meanwhile, the cage-shaped steel frame is anchored on the surface of the foundation to ensure that the cage-shaped steel frame is stable and does not loosen;
(4) crushing a soil sample, spraying water in layers, filling soil into a model box, making a height mark, then arranging a strain gauge II in a clay layer according to the height, making a reinforcing measure, and placing a concrete tunnel model adhered with the strain gauge I in a model box body;
(5) horizontally moving the slide rail to enable a vibration head of the vibration exciter to be aligned to the cross section and the section 1/4 of the model track, and adjusting the relative positions to enable the vibration exciter to load the model track at different positions;
(6) starting a strain gauge, and testing the state of the strain gauge after detecting the chassis and the balance measuring point; the method comprises the steps of opening a low-frequency signal generator and a power amplifier after normal operation, testing the working condition of the device, adjusting a signal frequency knob and a power amplifier knob after normal operation to change the vibration frequency, recording data under the loading working condition of the vibration exciter through the vibration exciter, recording the stress-strain condition of a strain gage by using test software, drawing a model and a corresponding stress-strain curve of a clay layer under the loading state, observing the settlement result of the clay layer through the side scale of a model box, and completing an analysis task.
Preferably, the specific operation method of step (4) is as follows: grinding an original soil sample into fine particles by using a scarification hammer, paving coarse particles as a cushion layer on the bottom layer of a mold box, leveling and tamping, paving a first layer of soil, wherein the design thickness of each layer of soil is 25mm, paving the first layer of soil twice, paving 15 mm-height material soil virtually each time, uniformly sprinkling water, standing for 60min, tamping, paving 15 mm-height material soil virtually, uniformly sprinkling water, standing for 60min, tamping to a 25 mm-thickness position, standing for 24h, arranging strain gauges II and wiring in the layer of soil according to design requirements, sampling the layer of soil, and measuring the physical property indexes of water content, volume weight and soil particle density until the first clay layer is paved; and repeating the above operations to finish the laying of the second clay layer and the third clay layer, arranging the concrete tunnel model with the first bonded strain gauge on the laid third clay layer, and connecting the lead of the strain gauge to the strain gauge.
Preferably, after the relevant data acquisition is finished, the test software, the strain gauge and the vibration exciter power supply are sequentially closed, then the low-frequency signal generator and the power amplifier power supply are closed, after all the power supplies are closed, the vibration exciter connected to the cage-type steel frame is disassembled, the soil sample of the model box is collected, and the test site is cleaned.
The model experiment device and method for deformation of the tunnel and the substrate in the metro shield zone have the following beneficial effects.
1. Compared with the traditional tunnel model, the invention changes the tunnel model, the concrete tunnel model is poured to replace the annular track, the H-shaped steel bar model track is arranged at the top of the concrete tunnel model, the thickness of the soil layer filled with soil can be changed, and the vibration position of the vibration exciter is changed by controlling the sliding rail to move, so that different working conditions are simulated, corresponding deformation parameters are measured, and the test accuracy is high.
2. The invention designs and arranges the strain gauges from two aspects, wherein the first strain gauge which is adhered and welded is arranged at the bottom section of the concrete tunnel model, the second strain gauge is arranged in the saturated clay layers with different depths, and scale marks are made in the model box for reading.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a model experimental device for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a metro shield zone provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency signal generator of a model experiment device for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a metro shield zone provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power amplifier of a model experimental apparatus for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a metro shield zone provided in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a vibration exciter of a model experimental device for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a metro shield zone provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cage-type steel frame structure of a model experimental device for deformation of a subway shield interval tunnel and a base provided by the invention;
fig. 6 and 7 are schematic structural diagrams of a concrete tunnel model of a model experiment device for deformation of a subway shield zone tunnel and a base, provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a strain gauge of a model experimental apparatus for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a shield zone of a subway provided by the invention;
fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a model box of a model experimental device for deformation of a subway shield zone tunnel and a base provided by the invention.
In the figure:
1. the low-frequency signal generator 2, the power amplifier 3, the vibration exciter 4, the sliding rail 5, the concrete tunnel model 6, the cage-shaped steel frame 7, the model box 8, the strain gauge II 9, the strain gauge I10, the lead 11, the strain gauge 12, the power line 13 and the clay layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings to assist in understanding the contents of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, they are respectively a schematic overall structure diagram and a schematic assembly structure diagram of a model experimental apparatus for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a shield zone of a subway provided by the present invention. This model experimental apparatus that subway shield constructs interval tunnel and basement warp includes mold box 7, mold box 7 is a hollow cube, has laid a plurality of clay layers 13 in the box, has placed concrete tunnel model 5 on the clay layer of the top, concrete tunnel model 5 is the halfcylinder, and concrete is pour to its bottom, and the top is inlayed and is equipped with H type model track, the model track is striden by two and is connected in parallel reinforcing bar constitution of an organic whole. Install foil gage one 9 on concrete tunnel model 5's the cross-section, foil gage one 9 is installed in concrete tunnel model 5's midspan section and 1/4 cross-section department, and the cross-section department of each clay layer below has buried foil gage two 8 underground, foil gage two 8 is installed in the midspan section department of clay layer. The strain gauge I9 and the strain gauge II 8 are respectively connected with the strain gauge 11 through leads 10, a cage-shaped steel frame 6 anchored to a foundation is arranged above the model box 7, the cage-shaped steel frame 6 is a cube and is composed of angle steel, and a base of the cage-shaped steel frame is reinforced on the surface of the foundation through high-strength bolts so as to ensure the stability of the cage-shaped steel frame 6. The top of the vibration exciter is provided with a translational slide rail 4, the bottom of the slide rail 4 is fixedly connected with an underslung vibration exciter 3, the center of the slide rail 4 is provided with a bolt hole site, the vibration exciter 3 is fixed on the slide rail 4 through a bolt, and different working condition data can be measured by sliding on the plane. The vibration exciter 3 is connected with the power amplifier 2 through a power line 12, and the power amplifier 2 is connected with the low-frequency signal generator 1 through the power line 12. And reinforcing measures are arranged on the sliding rail 4 and the cage-shaped steel frame 6 so as to ensure the safety and stability of the experiment operation. Preferably, three clay layers 13 are laid in the box body of the model box 7, the first strain gauge 9 and the second strain gauge 8 are respectively fixed at four measuring points, and two groups of wires 10 connecting the first strain gauge 9, the second strain gauge 8 and the strain gauge 11 are connected in a 1/4 bridging mode.
The invention provides a model experiment method for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a subway shield zone, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparing test equipment, designing and constructing a model box 7 and pouring a concrete tunnel model 5, and preparing enough soil sample materials;
(2) polishing the bottom of the concrete tunnel model 5 with abrasive paper, then adhering the welded strain gauges I9 to the cross-center section and the 1/4 section with strong glue, uniformly coating waterproof sealing silica gel, and drying;
(3) using tools such as a spanner and the like to fix the vibration exciter 3 at the bottom of the slide rail 4 in an inverted suspension manner, and anchoring the cage-shaped steel frame 6 on the surface of the foundation to ensure the stability and the looseness of the foundation;
(4) and (3) crushing the soil sample, filling soil into the model box 7 by spraying water in layers, marking the height, arranging the strain gauge II 8 in the clay layer according to the height, making a reinforcing measure, and placing the concrete tunnel model 5 adhered with the strain gauge I9 in a box body of the model box 7. The specific operation method comprises the following steps: grinding an original soil sample into fine particles by using a scarification hammer, paving coarse particles as a cushion layer on the bottom layer of a model box 7, leveling and tamping, paving a first layer of soil, wherein the thickness of each layer of soil is 25mm, paving the soil twice, paving 15mm high material soil for each time in a virtual mode, uniformly sprinkling water, tamping after standing for 60min, then paving 15mm high material soil in a virtual mode, uniformly sprinkling water, tamping to 25mm thick position after standing for 60min, standing for 24h, arranging strain gauges II 8 and wiring in the layer of soil according to design requirements, sampling the layer of soil, and measuring the physical property indexes of water content, volume weight and soil particle density to finish the paving of the first clay layer; and repeating the above operations to finish the laying of the second clay layer and the third clay layer, then arranging the concrete tunnel model 5 with the first bonded strain gauge 9 on the laid third clay layer, and then connecting the lead 10 connected with the strain gauge to the strain gauge 11.
(5) Horizontally moving the slide rail 4 to enable a vibration head of the vibration exciter 3 to be aligned to the cross section and the section 1/4 of the model track, and adjusting the relative positions to enable the vibration exciter 3 to load the model track at different positions;
(6) starting the strain gauge 11, and testing the state of the strain gauge after detecting the chassis and the balance measuring point; open low frequency signal generator 1 and power amplifier 2 after normal, testing arrangement behavior, normal back adjustment signal frequency knob and power amplifier knob are in order to change vibration frequency to record the data under the vibration exciter loading operating mode through vibration exciter 3, the stress-strain condition of application test software record foil gage, draw model and corresponding 13 stress-strain curve of clay layer under the loading state, and observe 13 subsides results of clay layer through 7 side scales of model box, accomplish the analysis task.
(7) After the relevant data acquisition is finished, the power supplies of the test software, the strain gauge 11 and the vibration exciter 3 are sequentially closed, the power supplies of the low-frequency signal generator 1 and the power amplifier 2 are closed, after all the power supplies are closed, the vibration exciter 3 connected to the cage-shaped steel frame 6 is disassembled, the soil sample of the model box 7 is collected, and the test site is cleaned.
Compared with the traditional tunnel model, the invention changes the tunnel model, the concrete tunnel model 5 is poured to replace the annular track, the H-shaped steel bar model track is arranged at the top of the concrete tunnel model 5, the thickness of the soil layer filled with soil can be changed, and the vibration position of the vibration exciter 3 can be changed by controlling the sliding rail 4 to move, thereby simulating different working conditions, measuring the corresponding deformation parameters, and having high test accuracy. The invention designs and arranges the strain gauges from two aspects, namely, the welded strain gauge I9 is stuck to the cross section at the bottom of the concrete tunnel model 5, the strain gauge II 8 is placed in saturated clay layers with different depths, and scale marks are made in the model box 7 for reading.
The invention adopts different-frequency vibration loading to simulate the test requirements of the actual train running under different working conditions, simultaneously collects the test parameters of the first strain gauge 9 on the concrete tunnel model 5 and the stress changes fed back by the second strain gauge 8 in the clay layer 13, obtains the influence rule of the running load on the tunnel deformation through data statistical analysis, has safe and stable experimental device and good running condition, can record the data obtained by vibration excitation under various working conditions at regular time, can comprehensively and accurately calculate the deformation under different working conditions, has strong practicability, has wide application prospect and is beneficial to popularization and application.
The inventive concept is explained in detail herein using specific examples, which are given only to aid in understanding the core concepts of the invention. It should be understood that any obvious modifications, equivalents and other improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a model experimental apparatus that interval tunnel of subway shield and basement warp, a serial communication port, including the mold box, the mold box is a hollow cube, has laid a plurality of clay layers in the box, has placed the concrete tunnel model on the clay layer of the top, install foil gage one on the cross-section of concrete tunnel model, and strain gage two has been buried underground to the cross-section department of each clay layer in below, strain gage one is connected with the strain gauge through the wire with the foil gage two respectively, the mold box top is provided with the cage type steelframe of anchor joint ground, the cage type steelframe is the cube, and the translation formula slide rail is installed at its top, the bottom rigid coupling of slide rail has the vibration exciter of underslung, the vibration exciter passes through the power cord and is connected with power amplifier, power amplifier passes through the power cord and is connected with low frequency signal generator.
2. The model experiment device for subway shield interval tunnel and foundation deformation according to claim 1, wherein the concrete tunnel model is a semi-cylinder, the bottom of the concrete tunnel model is poured with concrete, the top of the concrete tunnel model is embedded with an H-shaped model track, and the model track is composed of two parallel steel bars connected into a whole in a span way.
3. The model experiment device for the deformation of the subway shield interval tunnel and the foundation as claimed in claim 2, wherein a bolt hole is formed in the center of the slide rail, and the vibration exciter is fixed on the slide rail through a bolt.
4. The model experiment device for the deformation of the metro shield interval tunnel and the foundation according to claim 3, wherein reinforcing measures are respectively arranged on the slide rail and the cage-shaped steel frame.
5. The model experiment device for the deformation of the subway shield interval tunnel and the foundation according to claim 4, wherein the cage-shaped steel frame is made of angle steel, and the base of the cage-shaped steel frame is reinforced on the surface of the foundation by adopting high-strength bolts.
6. The experimental device for the model of deformation of the metro shield zone tunnel and the foundation according to claim 5, wherein the first strain gauge is installed at the cross-middle section and the 1/4 section of the concrete tunnel model, and the second strain gauge is installed at the middle section of the clay layer.
7. The model experiment device for the deformation of the metro shield interval tunnel and the substrate according to claim 6, wherein three clay layers are laid in a box body of the model box, the first strain gauge and the second strain gauge are respectively fixed at four measuring points, and every two lead wires connecting the first strain gauge, the second strain gauge and the strain gauge are connected in a group by adopting an 1/4 bridging mode.
8. A model experiment method for deformation of a tunnel and a substrate in a subway shield zone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing test equipment, designing and constructing a model box and pouring a concrete tunnel model, and preparing enough soil sample materials;
(2) polishing the bottom of the concrete tunnel model by using abrasive paper, then adhering welded strain gauges I on the midspan section and the 1/4 section, and smearing waterproof sealing silica gel;
(3) the vibration exciter is fixed at the bottom of the slide rail in an inverted suspension mode, and meanwhile, the cage-shaped steel frame is anchored on the surface of the foundation to ensure that the cage-shaped steel frame is stable and does not loosen;
(4) crushing a soil sample, spraying water in layers, filling soil into a model box, making a height mark, then arranging a strain gauge II in a clay layer according to the height, making a reinforcing measure, and placing a concrete tunnel model adhered with the strain gauge I in a model box body;
(5) horizontally moving the slide rail to enable a vibration head of the vibration exciter to be aligned to the cross section and the section 1/4 of the model track, and adjusting the relative positions to enable the vibration exciter to load the model track at different positions;
(6) starting a strain gauge, and testing the state of the strain gauge after detecting the chassis and the balance measuring point; the method comprises the steps of opening a low-frequency signal generator and a power amplifier after normal operation, testing the working condition of the device, adjusting a signal frequency knob and a power amplifier knob after normal operation to change the vibration frequency, recording data under the loading working condition of the vibration exciter through the vibration exciter, recording the stress-strain condition of a strain gage by using test software, drawing a model and a corresponding stress-strain curve of a clay layer under the loading state, observing the settlement result of the clay layer through the side scale of a model box, and completing an analysis task.
9. The model experiment method for subway shield zone tunnels and foundation deformation according to claim 8, wherein the specific operation method of step (4) is as follows: grinding an original soil sample into fine particles by using a scarification hammer, paving coarse particles as a cushion layer on the bottom layer of a mold box, leveling and tamping, paving a first layer of soil, wherein the design thickness of each layer of soil is 25mm, paving the first layer of soil twice, paving 15 mm-height material soil virtually each time, uniformly sprinkling water, standing for 60min, tamping, paving 15 mm-height material soil virtually, uniformly sprinkling water, standing for 60min, tamping to a 25 mm-thickness position, standing for 24h, arranging strain gauges II and wiring in the layer of soil according to design requirements, sampling the layer of soil, and measuring the physical property indexes of water content, volume weight and soil particle density until the first clay layer is paved; and repeating the above operations to finish the laying of the second clay layer and the third clay layer, arranging the concrete tunnel model with the first bonded strain gauge on the laid third clay layer, and connecting the lead of the strain gauge to the strain gauge.
10. The model experiment method for the deformation of the tunnel and the foundation in the metro shield interval according to claim 9, wherein after the relevant data is collected, the power supplies of the test software, the strain gauge and the vibration exciter are sequentially turned off, then the power supplies of the low-frequency signal generator and the power amplifier are turned off, after all the power supplies are turned off, the vibration exciter connected to the cage-type steel frame is disassembled, a model box soil sample is collected, and a test site is cleaned.
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| CN113588465A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 上海应用技术大学 | Method and device for simulating tunnel deformation under subway traffic load effect |
| CN113833480A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-24 | 成都建工第九建筑工程有限公司 | Shield initial tunneling and arrival construction method |
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