CN111081110A - Mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device and test method for cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses - Google Patents
Mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device and test method for cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating and testing mechanical behavior characteristics of a cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses. The simulation test device comprises a supporting frame, a loading hopper, a guide rail, a sliding block, a bidirectional power system and a confining pressure loading system, the design of the confining pressure loading system for simulating overburden pressure and horizontal tectonic stress is provided for surrounding rock materials in the fixed hopper and the movable hopper, and the bidirectional power system, the guide rail and the sliding block are matched at the same time, so that the movable hopper can move in the horizontal direction and the longitudinal direction, the simulation of complex engineering environments with different burial depths, different tectonic stresses and compound fault dislocation is realized, and the simulation of mechanical behavior characteristics of a tunnel under the environment is realized. According to the method, the actual condition of the engineering can be reduced more truly, the accuracy of the research on the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under the condition of high deep ground stress is improved, and the problem that the existing physical model box cannot simulate the influence of overburden pressure and structural stress on the tunnel roadway is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering and tunnel engineering, and relates to a device and a method for simulating and testing mechanical behavior characteristics of a cross-fault tunnel under different burial depths and different structural stresses.
Background
With the development of economy in China, railways and urban rail transit are rapidly developed, and particularly, the railway rail transit has an important position in the development of the national economy society as a main artery, a national important infrastructure and a popular vehicle of the national economy. The construction of a modern rail transit equipment industry innovation system and the creation of a whole industrial chain layout covering a main line railway, an inter-city railway, a suburb railway and urban rail transit are also one of the key points of the development and planning of the new strategic and emerging industry of the country. Due to the geographical conditions of multiple mountainous regions in the west of China, the construction of tunnel tunnels occupies a large part of the engineering amount during railway construction, the geological conditions of the mountainous regions in the west are complex, excavation is often required under the condition of deep high ground stress (large burial depth and high structural stress), and more complex tunnel projects with high difficulty appear, so that the research and development of the tunnel projects under the complex geological conditions have a crucial position for the development of railway track traffic. In addition, according to incomplete statistics, about 47 deep wells with over kilometers of coal mines in China are available in the aspect of coal mining; in the aspect of underground caverns, taking the underground caverns with the screen of China as an example, the vertical burial depth also reaches more than 2400 m, and therefore, the development and utilization of underground resources in China are seen to have also advanced into the deep field. When the tunnel is excavated under the condition of high ground stress in a deep part, due to the existence of high covering pressure and high tectonic stress, rock masses around a tunnel roadway generally have large deformation, particularly rock masses with low strength and large deformation modulus, the phenomena of tunnel collapse, tunnel roof collapse, bottom heave, lateral expansion and the like are easy to occur, and disasters such as rock burst and the like can be induced in hard and brittle rock mass areas. However, the mechanism of deformation and damage of the tunnel roadway under the deep high-ground stress condition is not known clearly, which greatly limits the development of rail transit industry and the utilization of deep-ground resources.
Moreover, when the tunnel roadway is built, the tunnel roadway can also pass through fault or broken zones and other bad geologic bodies. The surrounding rock near the fault and the broken zone is low in strength, the crack is obvious in development, the water permeability is high, engineering accidents such as vault collapse, uneven settlement and water and mud outburst are easy to occur during construction, and great loss is brought to construction. Meanwhile, the structural fracture zone is often an earthquake activity zone, and geological structure motion such as earthquake and the like can cause fault activity, so that great damage is brought to the construction or the built tunnel, and serious life and property loss is caused. Therefore, the deep research on the deformation and damage characteristics of the tunnel in the large burial depth, high structural stress and fault fracture zone composite environment has important significance for guiding the tunnel engineering practice.
The research method for the mechanical behavior characteristics of the tunnel mainly comprises field in-situ test, numerical simulation and physical model test, wherein the most effective method is field in-situ monitoring, namely the truest and most original monitoring data is obtained through a stress strain and displacement monitoring element which is embedded in the tunnel lining or the inner wall in advance. Although the method can accurately reflect the actual situation of the site, the monitoring period is long and the monitoring cost is high due to the limitation of site space, only a local section is often selected for monitoring, and the obtained result is discontinuous. The numerical simulation is that a computer is used for modeling according to geological condition parameters measured in an actual field, so that the mechanical behavior characteristics of the structural body are analyzed, but the actual problems are often simplified in operation for convenience of computer modeling and calculation, so that the established model cannot truly reflect the field situation. The physical model test is that a model structure corresponding to the whole or local part of the tunnel prototype structure is established according to a certain physical and geometric similarity relation, the whole process of the mechanical characteristics of the original structure can be observed and explored through the physical model, the physical model is generally small in geometric size, relevant tests can be completed indoors, the cost of the physical model is moderate, the test is not limited by a field and a field, the operation is convenient, the result is visual, and therefore the model structure plays an important role in various engineering scientific researches.
Regarding a physical model test of tunnel mechanics behavior characteristics, an existing model box can only simulate one disturbance factor in different confining pressures or cross faults, and most of fault simulation can only realize single-direction sliding. CN109839315A discloses a simulated two-way slip type physical model box crossing a fault tunnel and a method for testing mechanical behavior of crossing a fault tunnel, where the physical model box includes a support frame, a loading hopper, a guide rail, a slider and a two-way power system, and through the cooperation of the guide rail, the slider and the two-way power system, the simulation of composite type dislocation can be realized, but the influence of formation stress around a tunnel roadway in actual conditions is not considered, especially, excavation is performed under a deep high-ground stress condition, the influence of the existence of high tectonic stress and high tectonic stress on the tunnel roadway cannot be well simulated, the actual composite engineering environment of large burial depth, high tectonic stress and a fault fracture zone is not simulated, and the actual condition of reducing engineering is improved more truly. Therefore, a simulation device and a method capable of realizing the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel under various dislocation conditions, large burial depth and high structural stress are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for a cross-fault tunnel under different burial depths and different structural stresses, which solves the problem that the existing tunnel mechanical behavior characteristic physical model box cannot simulate the actual engineering conditions of deep excavation high ground stress, realizes the simulation of complex engineering environments of fault compound dislocation under different burial depths and different structural stresses, and more truly restores the actual engineering conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for a cross-fault tunnel under different burial depths and different structural stresses, which comprises a supporting frame, a loading hopper, a guide rail, a sliding block and a bidirectional power system, wherein the supporting frame comprises a main frame, a first subframe and a second subframe, the main frame consists of an upper frame and a lower frame for supporting the upper frame, the upper frame is a cuboid frame with a hollow inner cavity, and the mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device further comprises a third subframe and a confining pressure loading system;
the upper frame of the main frame is provided with a bevel face frame penetrating through the front side face, the rear side face, the top face and the bottom face, the bevel face frame is composed of two cross beams which are respectively vertical to and intersected with the top face frame strip and the bottom face frame strip of the upper frame, and two oblique beams which are respectively intersected with the front side face frame strip and the rear side face frame strip of the upper frame at a certain included angle, and the bevel face frame divides the upper frame into a movable hopper accommodating part and a fixed hopper installing part containing the bevel face frame; the top of the front side surface of the upper frame corresponding to the accommodating part of the movable hopper is provided with a frameless strip to form a notch for the movable hopper to pass through when moving horizontally; the first auxiliary frame is fixed on the rear side surface of the movable hopper accommodating part, and the second auxiliary frame is fixed on the front side surface of the fixed hopper mounting part and is a right-angled trapezoid frame matched with the front side surface in shape; the inclined surface frame of the second subframe is flush with the beveling surface frame of the main frame to jointly form an extended beveling surface frame; the third auxiliary frame is fixed on the top surface of the fixed hopper mounting part and is a rectangular frame matched with the top surface in shape; the front side surface of the second subframe and the top surface of the third subframe are both provided with confining pressure jack mounting cross beams, and the rear side surface of the first subframe is provided with displacement jack mounting oblique beams which are parallel to the oblique beams of the oblique cutting surface frame;
the loading hopper comprises a fixed hopper and a movable hopper; the fixed hopper is composed of a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate and a right-angled trapezoid side plate which are arranged on the corresponding surface of the fixed hopper mounting part of the upper frame, and the corresponding surface, the top surface and the front side surface of the oblique cutting surface frame of the fixed hopper mounting part are kept open; the movable hopper is composed of a movable hopper frame, a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate and a right trapezoid side plate, wherein the movable hopper frame is composed of a movable hopper frame main body, a side frame and a top frame, the movable hopper frame main body is hollow in an inner cavity and is matched with the movable hopper accommodating part of the upper frame in the main frame in shape; the movable hopper frame main body is an inverted right-angle trapezoidal body, an inclined surface frame of the movable hopper frame main body is parallel to a beveled surface frame of the fixed hopper mounting part, the side frame is fixed on the front side surface of the movable hopper frame main body and is an inverted right-angle trapezoidal body frame matched with the front side surface in shape, the inclined surface frame of the side frame is flush with the inclined surface frame of the movable hopper frame main body to form an extended inclined surface frame, the extended inclined surface frame is the same as and parallel to the extended beveled surface frame formed by the fixed hopper mounting part and the second auxiliary frame in the supporting frame, the top frame is fixed on the top surface of the movable hopper frame main body and is a cuboid frame matched with the top surface in shape; the bottom plate and the side plate of the movable hopper are correspondingly arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface of the movable hopper frame main body in shape, and the front side surface, the inclined surface and the top surface of the movable hopper frame main body are open; a displacement jack mounting beam is arranged on the rear side surface of the movable hopper frame main body, and confining pressure jack mounting beams are arranged on the top surface of the top frame and the front side surfaces of the side frames; a lining model inlet is arranged on the rectangular side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper;
the bidirectional power system comprises a displacement jack which provides power for the horizontal movement and the longitudinal movement of the movable hopper;
the guide rails comprise a movable hopper guide rail, an oblique displacement jack guide rail and a horizontal displacement jack guide rail; the movable hopper guide rails comprise two oblique movable hopper guide rails which are parallel to each other and two horizontal movable hopper guide rails which are parallel to each other; the inclined movable hopper guide rails are respectively arranged on two inclined beams of an extended oblique plane frame formed by the main frame and the second subframe, the inclined movable hopper guide rails are provided with slide blocks, the horizontal movable hopper guide rails are arranged on the slide blocks of the inclined movable hopper guide rails and are mutually vertical to the inclined movable hopper guide rails, the horizontal movable hopper guide rails are provided with slide blocks, and the slide blocks of the horizontal movable hopper guide rails are fixed on the extended oblique plane frame of the movable hopper frame; the oblique displacement jack guide rail is arranged on a displacement jack mounting oblique beam of the first auxiliary frame, a sliding block is arranged on the oblique displacement jack guide rail, and the oblique displacement jack guide rail is parallel to the oblique movable hopper guide rail; the horizontal displacement jack guide rail is arranged on the lower frame below the movable hopper accommodating part, the horizontal displacement jack guide rail is parallel to the horizontal movable hopper guide rail, and a sliding block is arranged on the horizontal jack guide rail;
the displacement jacks comprise a displacement jack arranged horizontally and a displacement jack arranged vertical to the horizontal plane; the bottom of a horizontally arranged displacement jack is arranged on a guide rail of the oblique displacement jack through a slide block, and the top of the horizontally arranged displacement jack is fixed on a displacement jack mounting beam of the movable hopper frame main body; the bottom of a displacement jack arranged vertical to the horizontal plane is arranged on a guide rail of the horizontal displacement jack through a slide block, and the top of the displacement jack is contacted with a bottom plate of the movable hopper through a supporting base plate;
the confining pressure loading system comprises confining pressure jacks for providing simulated overburden pressure and horizontal tectonic stress for surrounding rock materials in the fixed hopper and the movable hopper; the bottom of the confining pressure jack is respectively arranged on a second subframe, a third subframe, a side frame of the movable hopper frame and a confining pressure jack mounting beam of a top frame of the movable hopper frame, and the top of the confining pressure jack is respectively provided with a pressurizing plate for applying confining pressure to the surrounding rock material in the loading hopper;
the displacement jack and the confining pressure jack are matched with an oil pump, an oil conveying pipe and a power distribution control box for use.
In the technical scheme of the simulation test device, an included angle α between the upper oblique cutting face frame of the upper frame and the bottom plate of the fixed hopper is 30-80 degrees.
Among the above-mentioned simulation test device's the technical scheme, the confined pressure jack is 4 at least, is equipped with the backing plate between the top of increased pressure board and confined pressure jack, and the increased pressure board passes through the top fixed connection of backing plate and screw and confined pressure jack. The size of the pressurizing plate does not exceed the size of the corresponding surface of the movable hopper and the fixed hopper at the mounting position of the pressurizing plate, and the shape of the pressurizing plate is preferably the same as the shape of the corresponding surface of the movable hopper and the fixed hopper at the mounting position of the pressurizing plate. When the bottom of the confining pressure jack is arranged on the confining pressure jack mounting cross beam of the side frame of the second auxiliary frame and the movable hopper frame, the confining pressure jack is horizontally arranged, and a pressurizing plate connected with the confining pressure jack is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is parallel to the front side surface of the upper frame; when the bottom of the confining pressure jack is arranged on the confining pressure jack mounting cross beam of the top frame of the third auxiliary frame and the movable hopper frame, the confining pressure jack is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the pressurizing plate connected with the confining pressure jack is horizontally arranged and is parallel to the bottom plate of the upper frame.
In the technical scheme of the simulation test device, the distance between two oblique movable hopper guide rails is 1.5-2 times of the distance between the front side surface and the rear side surface of the upper frame, and the length of each oblique movable hopper guide rail is more than or equal to that of an oblique beam of an oblique cutting surface frame on the upper frame; the distance between the two horizontal movable hopper guide rails is 0.6-0.8 times of the length of an oblique beam of the oblique cutting surface frame on the upper frame, and a sliding block of one horizontal movable hopper guide rail is fixed on a frame strip at the bottom of the oblique cutting surface frame of the movable hopper frame body.
According to the technical scheme of the simulation testing device, a gap between the oblique beam of the oblique cutting surface frame of the upper frame and the movable hopper is sealed by the rubber strip, so that the surrounding rock material is prevented from leaking when the surrounding rock material is paved in the loading hopper.
In the above-mentioned technical scheme of the simulation test device, the number of the oblique displacement jack guide rails and the horizontal displacement jack guide rails, and the number of each displacement jack are determined according to the size of the loading hopper, especially the size of the movable hopper, so that the basic principle is that sufficient power can be provided for the longitudinal movement of the movable hopper. The number of the inclined displacement jack guide rails is 1-3, the inclined displacement jack guide rails are parallel to each other, and 1 displacement jack is arranged on each inclined displacement jack guide rail; the number of the horizontal displacement jack guide rails is 1-3, the horizontal displacement jack guide rails are parallel to each other, and 1-2 displacement jacks are arranged on the horizontal displacement jack guide rails.
In the technical scheme of the simulation testing device, the confining pressure jack and the displacement jack are both hydraulic jacks.
In the technical scheme of the simulation test device, in order to facilitate the installation and fixation of each bottom plate and each side plate of the fixed hopper on the fixed hopper installation part of the upper frame and the installation and fixation of each bottom plate and each side plate of the movable hopper on the movable hopper frame, the support frame and the movable hopper frame are preferably formed by welding angle steels; in order to facilitate observation of the condition of the surrounding rock material in the loading hopper while ensuring the strength of the loading hopper, the side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper are preferably made of tempered glass, and the bottom plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper, and the pressurizing plate of the confining pressure jack are made of steel plates.
According to the technical scheme of the simulation testing device, the shape of a lining model placing opening formed in the rectangular side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper is determined according to the shape of the lining model, and the setting position of the lining model placing opening is determined according to the installation position of the lining model. For example, the lining model may be a circular opening, simulating a circular tunnel. And lining model inlets on the rectangular side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper are arranged at the same position of the rectangular side plates, so that the lining model inlets can be penetrated by a lining model of which the same axis is parallel to the upper frame beam.
In the technical scheme of the simulation test device, in order to more conveniently acquire the filling thickness information of the surrounding rock material when the simulation test device is used, the preferable technical scheme is as follows: and scale marks are arranged on the side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper.
In the technical scheme of the simulation test device, the universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the lower frame in order to facilitate the movement of the device.
In the technical scheme of the simulation testing device, in order to enable the movable hopper to move more conveniently and flexibly, the volume of the fixed hopper is preferably larger than that of the movable hopper.
In the above technical solution of the simulation testing device, in order to realize the horizontal and longitudinal movement of the movable hopper on the main frame, the overall size of the movable hopper should be slightly smaller than the size of the movable hopper accommodating part of the upper frame.
In the technical scheme of the simulation test device, the inclined displacement jack guide rail, the horizontal displacement jack guide rail, the inclined movable hopper guide rail and the horizontal movable hopper guide rail preferably adopt linear optical axis guide rails, and the slide blocks matched with the guide rails preferably adopt open linear bearings.
The simulation test device provided by the invention is mainly used for simulating the damage process of the cross-fault tunnel under different burial depths and different structural stresses indoors, so that the parameters of the whole simulation test device, the proportional relation of the volumes of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper, the size of an included angle α between a beveled frame on the upper frame and a bottom plate of the fixed hopper, the setting position and the size of the lining model accommodating port and the like can be determined according to the original structure and the proportional relation between the simulation test device and the original structure.
The invention also provides a method for testing the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses by using the simulation test device, which comprises the following steps:
① brushing a layer of engine oil on the inner wall of a loading hopper of the simulation testing device, adjusting the position of a movable hopper of the simulation testing device according to the test requirement, mounting a displacement meter on the simulation testing device, laying a surrounding rock material to the loading hopper in the simulation testing device, and mounting a lining model, a strain gauge and a soil pressure box in the surrounding rock material during the laying of the surrounding rock material;
before the surrounding rock materials are laid, the positions of all the pressurizing plates, particularly the pressurizing plates arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane are adjusted, so that the pressurizing plates arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane are in contact with the bottom plates of the movable hopper and the fixed hopper, and the leakage of the surrounding rock materials which are not solidified is avoided;
② when the surrounding rock material is paved to the height required by the test, standing until the surrounding rock material reaches the strength required by the test, starting the oil pump according to the test requirement to control the surrounding pressure jack to apply vertical and horizontal pressures to the surrounding rock material, and respectively simulating the overburden pressure and the structural stress;
③ starting oil pump to control the displacement jack to provide power for the horizontal or/and longitudinal movement of the movable hopper according to the test requirement, monitoring the stress and strain data of the movable hopper in the horizontal or/and longitudinal movement under different burial depths and different tectonic stresses in real time by using a monitoring instrument connected with the strain gauge and the soil pressure cell, and measuring the horizontal and longitudinal movement distance of the movable hopper in real time by using a displacement meter;
④, acquiring the mechanical behavior characteristics of the tunnel roadway under the conditions of the strike-slip fault, the normal and reverse fault or the compound type dislocation under the conditions of different overlying formation pressures and different structural stresses by analyzing the stress, strain and displacement data acquired in the step ③.
In the above technical solution of the method for testing mechanical behavior of a cross-fault tunnel, in step ①, when the surrounding rock material is laid in the loading hopper of the simulation testing device, it is preferable to adopt a layered laying manner, and lay a layer after compacting to ensure the compactness of the laid surrounding rock material, and in order to ensure that the movement of the movable hopper is not affected by the surrounding rock material laid in the loading hopper, the laying thickness of the surrounding rock material in the loading hopper should not exceed the installation position height of the uppermost horizontal active hopper guide rail.
In the above testing method, the step ① of brushing a layer of engine oil on the inner wall of the loading hopper of the simulation testing device before the surrounding rock material is laid has the functions of reducing the influence of the boundary effect of the physical model box on the simulation result, more truly restoring the engineering practice field conditions, and facilitating the removal of the test material in the loading hopper after the test is completed.
In the above-mentioned testing method, in order to implement monitoring and quantitative control of the horizontal movement distance and the longitudinal movement distance of the movable hopper, in step ①, two displacement meters need to be installed on the simulation testing apparatus, and are respectively used for measuring the movement distance and the longitudinal movement distance of the movable hopper in the horizontal direction, preferably, the adopted displacement meter is a digital display displacement dial indicator, and is used in cooperation with the universal magnetic meter base, the digital display displacement dial indicator is fixed on the universal magnetic meter base, and the universal magnetic meter base is fixed on the upper frame near the open side surfaces of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper.
In the above testing method, step ① may also be implemented by burying monitoring elements such as strain bricks in the tunnel lining model and the surrounding rock material according to the testing requirements.
In the above testing method, in step ①, before the surrounding rock material is laid, the position of the movable hopper is usually adjusted so that the oblique cutting surface frame of the open fixed hopper and the oblique surface frame of the movable hopper are mutually matched and communicated to form a loading hopper with a rectangular parallelepiped groove-shaped structure, and if the test needs to simulate the influence of the normal fault motion on the cross-fault tunnel, the movable hopper should be lifted to a predetermined research height before the surrounding rock material is laid.
In the test method, after the test is finished, test materials such as surrounding rock materials, lining models and the like in the loading hopper are removed, the loading hopper is properly disposed according to building waste materials, and the loading hopper is cleaned for the next test.
In the testing method, the cross-fault tunnel mechanical behavior data comprise stress-strain data of a physical model, stress-strain data of a surrounding rock material and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides a mechanical behavior characteristic simulation testing device for a cross-sectional tunnel under different burial depths and different structural stresses, which comprises a supporting frame, a loading hopper, a guide rail, a sliding block, a bidirectional power system and a confining pressure loading system, wherein the confining pressure loading system for providing simulated overburden pressure and horizontal structural stress for surrounding rock materials in a fixed hopper and a movable hopper is designed, and the bidirectional power system, the guide rail and the sliding block are matched at the same time, so that the movable hopper can move in the horizontal direction and the longitudinal direction in a bidirectional way, the simulation of complex engineering environments with different burial depths, different structural stresses and compound fault movement is realized, the simulation of mechanical behavior characteristics of the tunnel under the environment is realized, particularly the simulation of the mechanical behavior characteristics of the tunnel under the conditions of high cover pressure and high structural stress is realized, the actual situation of the engineering is more truly restored, and the research accuracy of the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-sectional tunnel under the deep high tunnel geostress condition is improved, the problem of current physical model case can not simulate the influence of overburden pressure and tectonic stress to tunnel is solved.
2. The simulation test device can realize the simulation of the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under various complex conditions, and has high use efficiency and strong adaptability, so that the cost of research on the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway is integrally reduced.
3. The invention also provides a method for testing the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses, and the method can realize the test of the cross-fault tunnel mechanical behavior under different burial depths and different structural stresses, namely the slip fault, the forward fault and the reverse fault and the composite type dislocation condition. Because compound dislocation condition and tectonic stress condition are closer to engineering actual conditions, consequently the tunnel mechanics behavior data are more accurate strides to the measuring, especially can obtain the tunnel mechanics behavior characteristic data that excavate under the deep high ground stress condition, improve the accuracy to striding the research of fault tunnel mechanics behavior characteristic, are favorable to guiding actual engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a simulation test setup provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the simulation test apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the simulation test setup provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mounting of the moveable hopper guide rail of the simulation test apparatus provided by the present invention on the chamfered frame of the main frame;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting frame of the simulation test apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a removable hopper of the simulation test apparatus provided in the present invention;
in the figure, 1-supporting frame, 1-1-main frame, 1-1-1-fixed hopper mounting part, 1-1-2-movable hopper containing part, 1-2-first subframe, 1-3-second subframe, 1-4-third subframe, 1-5-confining pressure jack mounting beam, 1-6-displacement jack mounting oblique beam, 2-beveling surface frame, 3-fixed hopper, 4-movable hopper, 4-1-movable hopper frame main body, 4-2-side frame, 4-3-top frame, 4-displacement jack mounting beam, 5-lining model entrance, 6-displacement jack, 7-confining pressure jack, 7-1-pressurizing plate, 7-2-backing plate, 7-3-screw, 8-oil pump, 9-oil delivery pipe, 10-distribution control box, 11-oblique displacement jack guide rail, 12-horizontal displacement jack guide rail, 13-oblique movable hopper guide rail, 14-horizontal movable hopper guide rail, 15-sliding block, 16-rubber wheel, 16-universal wheel, and universal wheel α are arranged between the upper and the universal bar and the upper plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for a cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses, and a mechanical behavior characteristic test method for a cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used for further illustration of the operation of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the non-essential modifications and adjustments of the present invention can be easily made by those skilled in the art according to the above disclosure, and therefore, such modifications and adjustments should still fall into the scope of the present invention.
In the following embodiments, the terms "front" and "back" are used to describe the relative orientation of the structure, and have no limitation on the specific structure of the simulation test device.
In the following embodiments, the oblique displacement jack guide rail, the horizontal displacement jack guide rail, the oblique moving hopper guide rail and the horizontal moving hopper guide rail are linear optical axis guide rails of type SBR3UU, and the slider cooperating with each guide rail is an open linear bearing with signal LM30 UU-OP.
Example 1
The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses has the structure shown in fig. 1-6, and comprises a supporting frame 1, a loading hopper, a guide rail, a sliding block, a bidirectional power system and a confining pressure loading system.
The supporting frame 1 comprises a main frame 1-1, a first auxiliary frame 1-2, a second auxiliary frame 1-3 and a third auxiliary frame 1-4, the main frame 1-1 comprises an upper frame and a lower frame for supporting the upper frame, the upper frame is a cuboid frame with a hollow inner cavity, the upper frame is provided with a beveled surface frame 2 penetrating through a front side surface, a rear side surface, a top surface and a bottom surface, the beveled surface frame 2 comprises two cross beams which are respectively vertical to and intersected with a top surface frame strip and a bottom surface frame strip of the upper frame, and two oblique beams which are respectively intersected with the front side surface frame strip and the rear side surface frame strip of the upper frame, the beveled surface frame 2 divides the upper frame 1-1 into a movable hopper accommodating part 1-1-1-2 and a fixed hopper 1-1-1 containing the beveled surface frame, an included angle α between the beveled surface frame and the bottom surface of the upper frame is 60 degrees, the top surface of the upper frame 1-1-2 corresponding to the movable hopper accommodating part 1-1-2 is provided with a frameless bar, a gap for forming a gap for the movable hopper 4 to move horizontally, the movable hopper is fixed on the hopper accommodating part 1-1-1-2, the second auxiliary hopper, the top surface of the second auxiliary hopper supporting frame is provided with a bevel surface frame, the top surface frame, the second auxiliary frame, the bevel surface frame is provided with a bevel surface frame, the second auxiliary frame, the bevel surface frame, the second auxiliary frame is provided with a lifting hopper supporting frame, the bevel surface frame, the second auxiliary frame is provided with a lifting hopper supporting frame, the second auxiliary frame is provided with a lifting hopper supporting frame, the lifting hopper supporting.
The loading hopper comprises a fixed hopper 3 and a movable hopper 4, and in order to enable the movable hopper to move more conveniently and flexibly, the volume of the fixed hopper 3 is larger than that of the movable hopper 4. The fixed hopper 3 is composed of a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate and a right-angled trapezoid side plate which are arranged on the corresponding surface of the fixed hopper mounting part of the upper frame, and the corresponding surface, the top surface and the front side surface of the beveling surface frame of the fixed hopper mounting part 1-1-1 are kept open. The movable hopper 4 is composed of a movable hopper frame, a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate and a right trapezoid side plate, wherein the movable hopper frame is composed of a movable hopper frame main body 4-1, a side frame 4-2 and a top frame 4-3, the movable hopper frame main body is hollow in an inner cavity and matched with the movable hopper accommodating part 1-1-2 of the upper frame in the main frame in shape. In order to realize the horizontal and longitudinal movement of the movable hopper on the main frame, the overall size of the movable hopper should be slightly smaller than the size of the movable hopper accommodating portion of the upper frame. The movable hopper frame main body 4-1 is an inverted right-angle trapezoid body, an inclined plane frame of the movable hopper frame main body and a beveled plane frame of the fixed hopper mounting part 1-1-1 are parallel to each other and are oppositely arranged, the side frame 4-2 is fixed on the front side surface of the movable hopper frame main body 4-1 and is an inverted right-angle trapezoid body frame matched with the front side surface in shape, the inclined plane frame of the side frame is flush with the inclined plane frame of the movable hopper frame main body to form an extended inclined plane frame, the extended inclined plane frame is the same as and is parallel to the extended beveled plane frame formed by the fixed hopper mounting part 1-1-1 and the second auxiliary frame 1-3 in the supporting frame, and the top frame 4-3 is fixed on the top surface of the movable hopper frame main body 4-1 and is a cuboid frame matched with the top surface in shape; the bottom plate and the side plate of the movable hopper are correspondingly arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface of the movable hopper frame main body in shape; the front side surface, the inclined surface and the top surface of the movable hopper frame main body are open; the rear side face (the side face for installing the right trapezoid side plate) of the movable hopper frame main body 4-1 is provided with a displacement jack installing beam 4-4, and the top face of the top frame 4-3 and the front side face of the side frame 4-2 are provided with confining pressure jack installing beams 1-5. And circular lining model inlets 5 are arranged at the same positions on the rectangular side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper, so that the lining model inlets can be penetrated by circular pipelines which have the same axis and are parallel to the upper frame beam to simulate a tunnel. The gap between the sloping beam of the beveling frame of the upper frame and the moveable hopper 4 is blocked by a rubber strip 16 to avoid leakage of the surrounding rock material. The movable hopper frame and the jack mounting cross beam arranged on the movable hopper frame are welded into an integral structure by angle steel, the side plates of the fixed hopper 3 and the movable hopper 4 are made of toughened glass, and the bottom plates of the fixed hopper 3 and the movable hopper 4 are made of steel plates, so that the strength of the loading hopper is ensured while the condition of surrounding rock materials in the loading hopper is observed. The side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper are provided with scale marks, so that the filling thickness of the surrounding rock material can be conveniently and quickly obtained in the test.
The bidirectional power system comprises a displacement jack 6 for providing power for the horizontal movement and the longitudinal movement of the movable hopper, and the displacement jack is a hydraulic jack.
The guide rails comprise a movable hopper guide rail, an oblique displacement jack guide rail 11 and two horizontal displacement jack guide rails 12; the moving hopper guide rails comprise two mutually parallel inclined moving hopper guide rails 13 and two mutually parallel horizontal moving hopper guide rails 14. Two oblique movable hopper guide rails 13 are respectively arranged on two oblique beams of an extended beveling frame formed by the main frame and the second subframe, the distance between the two oblique movable hopper guide rails 13 is 1.5 times of the distance between the front side surface and the rear side surface of the upper frame, and the length of each oblique movable hopper guide rail is equal to that of the oblique beam of the beveling frame on the upper frame; two sliding blocks 15 are installed on each inclined movable hopper guide rail 13, two ends of each horizontal movable hopper guide rail 14 are respectively fixed on the sliding blocks corresponding to one sliding block on each inclined movable hopper guide rail 13 and are mutually vertical to each inclined movable hopper guide rail 13, and the distance between the two horizontal movable hopper guide rails 14 is 0.8 times of the length of an inclined beam of a bevel face frame on the upper frame; two sliding blocks 15 are arranged on each horizontal active hopper guide rail, wherein one sliding block 15 of one horizontal active hopper guide rail is fixed on the bottom frame strip of the inclined surface frame of the active hopper frame body, and the other two sliding blocks 15 of the other horizontal active hopper guide rail are respectively fixed on the inclined beams of the inclined surface frame of the active hopper frame body. The oblique displacement jack guide rail 11 is arranged on a displacement jack mounting oblique beam 1-6 of the first auxiliary frame 1-2, a slide block 15 is arranged on the oblique displacement jack guide rail 11, and the oblique displacement jack guide rail is parallel to the oblique movable hopper guide rail 13; the two horizontal displacement jack guide rails 12 are arranged on the lower frame below the movable hopper accommodating part 1-1-2, the horizontal displacement jack guide rails 12 are parallel to the horizontal movable hopper guide rails 14, and each horizontal displacement jack guide rail 12 is provided with a slide block 15. The slider 15 is an open type linear bearing.
The displacement jack 6 comprises a horizontally arranged displacement jack and two displacement jacks arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The bottom of the horizontally arranged displacement jack is arranged on the oblique displacement jack guide rail 11 through a slide block 15, and the top of the horizontally arranged displacement jack is fixed on the displacement jack mounting cross beam 4-4 of the movable hopper frame main body 4-1. The bottom of a displacement jack arranged vertical to the horizontal plane is respectively arranged on two horizontal displacement jack guide rails 12 through a slide block 15, and the top of the displacement jack is contacted with the bottom plate of the movable hopper through a supporting base plate.
The confining pressure loading system is composed of four confining pressure jacks 7 for providing simulated overburden pressure and horizontal tectonic stress for surrounding rock materials in the fixed hopper 3 and the movable hopper 4, and the confining pressure jacks are hydraulic jacks. The bottoms of the four confining pressure jacks 7 are respectively arranged on corresponding confining pressure jack mounting beams 1-5 on a second subframe 1-3, a third subframe 1-4, a side frame 4-2 of the movable hopper frame and a top frame 4-3 of the movable hopper frame; and the top parts of the confining pressure jacks 7 are respectively provided with a pressurizing plate 7-1 for applying confining pressure to the surrounding rock materials in the loading hopper, and the pressurizing plates are made of steel plates. A base plate 7-2 is arranged between the pressurizing plate and the top of the confining pressure jack 7, and the pressurizing plate is fixed on the top of the confining pressure jack through a screw 7-3 penetrating through the pressurizing plate and the base plate. The size of the pressurizing plate is not more than the corresponding surface size of the movable hopper and the fixed hopper at the mounting position of the pressurizing plate, and the shape of the pressurizing plate is the same as the corresponding surface shape of the movable hopper and the fixed hopper at the mounting position of the pressurizing plate. Two of the four confining pressure jacks 7 are horizontally arranged for simulating construction stress, the other two confining pressure jacks are arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane for simulating vertical overburden pressure, when the bottoms of the confining pressure jacks 7 are arranged on the confining pressure jack mounting cross beams 1-5 of the side frames of the second subframe and the movable hopper frame, the confining pressure jacks 7 are horizontally arranged, and the pressurizing plates connected with the confining pressure jacks 7 are arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane and are parallel to the front side surface of the upper frame; when the bottom of the confining pressure jack 7 is arranged on the confining pressure jack mounting cross beams 1-5 of the top frames of the third auxiliary frame and the movable hopper frame, the confining pressure jack 7 is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the pressurizing plate connected with the confining pressure jack 7 is horizontally arranged and is parallel to the bottom plate of the upper frame.
The displacement jack 6 and the confining pressure jack 7 are matched with an oil pump 8, an oil delivery pipe 9 and a power distribution control box 10 for use.
Example 2
The simulation test device of embodiment 1 is adopted to perform the mechanical behavior characteristic test of the tunnel under the conditions of large buried depth, high structural stress and composite dislocation, and the steps are as follows:
① brushing a layer of engine oil on the inner wall of the loading hopper of the simulation test device to reduce the influence of the physical model boundary effect on the simulation result, adjusting the position of the movable hopper to make the extended oblique cutting surface frame of the open fixed hopper and the inclined surface frame of the movable hopper mutually matched and communicated to form the loading hopper with a cuboid groove-shaped structure, installing two displacement meters on the movable hopper to respectively measure the moving distance and the longitudinal moving distance of the movable hopper in the horizontal direction, specifically adopting the displacement meter as a digital display displacement dial indicator matched with a universal magnetic gauge stand, wherein the digital display displacement dial indicator is fixed on the universal magnetic gauge stand which is fixed on an upper frame near the connecting section (open side) of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper.
And paving the surrounding rock materials into the loading hopper in a layered paving mode, paving the next layer after compacting each layer to ensure the compactness of the paved surrounding rock materials, and in order to ensure that the movement of the movable hopper is not influenced by the surrounding rock materials paved in the loading hopper, the paving thickness of the surrounding rock materials in the loading hopper should not exceed the height of the installation position of the guide rail of the horizontal movable hopper positioned at the uppermost position. In the process of laying the surrounding rock material, a lining model cylindrical pipeline which penetrates through the fixed hopper and the movable hopper is installed through lining model putting inlets arranged on the movable hopper and the fixed hopper and is used for simulating a tunnel roadway, meanwhile, a lining model, a strain gauge and a soil pressure box are installed in the surrounding rock material, and after the lining model cylindrical pipeline is installed, the surrounding rock material is continuously added and compacted to the height required by the test. Connect the relevant monitoring instrument that monitoring element corresponds well, check whether monitoring element readings such as displacement meter, foil gage, soil pressure cell are normal, if normal then carry on next step, otherwise in time overhaul and remove the trouble.
② standing until the surrounding rock material reaches the required strength, starting the oil pump to control the surrounding jack to apply vertical and horizontal pressure to the surrounding rock material according to the requirement, simulating the overburden pressure and structural stress, simulating different burial depths and different structural stresses by adjusting the vertical and horizontal pressure applied to the surrounding rock material by the surrounding jack, and applying a certain vertical pressure before applying the horizontal pressure.
③ starting oil pump to control the displacement jack to provide power for the horizontal and longitudinal movement of the movable hopper according to the test requirement, making the movable hopper move horizontally towards the front side of the upper frame while moving upwards, adopting the monitoring instrument connected with the strain gauge and the soil pressure cell to monitor the stress and strain data of the movable hopper during the horizontal and longitudinal movement in real time, and simultaneously adopting the displacement meter to measure the horizontal and longitudinal movement distance of the movable hopper in real time.
④ adjusting the pressure of the confining pressure jack applying vertical and horizontal pressure to the surrounding rock material, simulating different burial depths and different structural stress conditions, repeating the above steps, collecting corresponding stress, strain and displacement data, and obtaining the tunnel mechanics behavior characteristics under the composite type diastrophism condition by analyzing the stress, strain and displacement data collected in step ③.
⑤ after the test is finished, the test materials such as surrounding rock materials and lining models in the loading hopper are removed, the loading hopper is properly disposed according to the construction waste materials and cleaned for the next test.
Claims (10)
1. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation testing device for the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different structural stresses comprises a supporting frame (1), a loading hopper, a guide rail, a sliding block and a bidirectional power system, wherein the supporting frame (1) comprises a main frame (1-1), a first subframe (1-2) and a second subframe (1-3), the main frame (1-1) consists of an upper frame and a lower frame for supporting the upper frame, the upper frame is a cuboid frame with a hollow inner cavity, and the mechanical behavior characteristic simulation testing device is characterized by further comprising a third subframe (1-4) and a confining pressure loading system;
the upper frame of the main frame (1-1) is provided with a bevel face frame (2) penetrating through the front side face, the rear side face, the top face and the bottom face, the bevel face frame (2) is composed of two cross beams which are respectively vertical to and intersected with a top face frame strip and a bottom face frame strip of the upper frame, and two oblique beams which are respectively intersected with the front side face frame strip and the rear side face frame strip of the upper frame at a certain included angle, and the bevel face frame (2) divides the upper frame (1-1) into a movable hopper accommodating part (1-1-2) and a fixed hopper mounting part (1-1-1) containing the bevel face frame; the top of the front side surface of the upper frame (1-1) corresponding to the movable hopper accommodating part (1-1-2) is provided with a frameless strip to form a notch for the movable hopper (4) to pass through when moving horizontally; the first auxiliary frame (1-2) is fixed on the rear side surface of the movable hopper accommodating part (1-1-2), and the second auxiliary frame (1-3) is fixed on the front side surface of the fixed hopper mounting part (1-1-1) and is a right-angled trapezoid frame matched with the front side surface in shape; the inclined surface frame of the second subframe (1-3) is flush with the beveling surface frame (2) of the main frame to jointly form an extended beveling surface frame; the third auxiliary frame (1-4) is fixed on the top surface of the fixed hopper mounting part (1-1-1) and is a cuboid frame matched with the top surface in shape; the front side surface of the second subframe (1-3) and the top surface of the third subframe (1-4) are respectively provided with a confining pressure jack mounting crossbeam (1-5), and the rear side surface of the first subframe (1-2) is provided with a displacement jack mounting oblique beam (1-6) which is parallel to the oblique beam of the beveling frame (2);
the loading hopper comprises a fixed hopper (3) and a movable hopper (4); the fixed hopper (3) is composed of a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate and a right-angled trapezoid side plate which are arranged on the corresponding surface of the fixed hopper mounting part of the upper frame, and the corresponding surface, the top surface and the front side surface of the beveling surface frame of the fixed hopper mounting part (1-1-1) are kept open; the movable hopper (4) is composed of a movable hopper frame, a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate and a right-angled trapezoid side plate, wherein the movable hopper frame is composed of a movable hopper frame main body (4-1) with a hollow inner cavity and matched with the shape of a movable hopper accommodating part (1-1-2) of an upper frame in the main frame, a side frame (4-2) and a top frame (4-3); the movable hopper frame main body (4-1) is an inverted right-angle trapezoid body, an inclined plane frame of the movable hopper frame main body is parallel to an inclined plane frame of the fixed hopper mounting part (1-1-1), the side frame (4-2) is fixed on the front side surface of the movable hopper frame main body (4-1) and is an inverted right-angle trapezoid body frame matched with the front side surface in shape, the inclined plane frame of the side frame is flush with the inclined plane frame of the movable hopper frame main body to form an extended inclined plane frame, the extended inclined plane frame is the same as and parallel to an extended beveling plane frame formed by a fixed hopper mounting part (1-1-1) and a second subframe (1-3) in the supporting frame, and a top frame (4-3) is fixed on the top surface of a movable hopper frame main body (4-1) and is a cuboid frame matched with the top surface in shape; the bottom plate and the side plate of the movable hopper are correspondingly arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface of the movable hopper frame main body in shape, and the front side surface, the inclined surface and the top surface of the movable hopper frame main body are open; a displacement jack mounting crossbeam (4-4) is arranged on the rear side face of the movable hopper frame main body (4-1), and confining pressure jack mounting crossbeams (1-5) are arranged on the top face of the top frame (4-3) and the front side faces of the side frames (4-2); a lining model inlet (5) is arranged on the rectangular side plates of the fixed hopper and the movable hopper;
the bidirectional power system comprises a displacement jack (6) for providing power for the horizontal movement and the longitudinal movement of the movable hopper;
the guide rails comprise a movable hopper guide rail, an oblique displacement jack guide rail (11) and a horizontal displacement jack guide rail (12); the movable hopper guide rails comprise two oblique movable hopper guide rails (13) which are parallel to each other and two horizontal movable hopper guide rails (14) which are parallel to each other; the inclined movable hopper guide rails (13) are respectively arranged on two inclined beams of an extended oblique plane frame formed by the main frame and the second subframe, slide blocks (15) are arranged on the inclined movable hopper guide rails (13), horizontal movable hopper guide rails (14) are arranged on the slide blocks of the inclined movable hopper guide rails (13) and are perpendicular to the inclined movable hopper guide rails (13), the slide blocks (15) are arranged on the horizontal movable hopper guide rails (14), and the slide blocks of the horizontal movable hopper guide rails are fixed on the extended oblique plane frame of the movable hopper frame; an oblique displacement jack guide rail (11) is arranged on a displacement jack mounting oblique beam (1-6) of the first auxiliary frame (1-2), a sliding block (15) is arranged on the oblique displacement jack guide rail (11), and the oblique displacement jack guide rail is parallel to an oblique movable hopper guide rail (13); a horizontal displacement jack guide rail (12) is arranged on a lower frame below the movable hopper accommodating part (1-1-2), the horizontal displacement jack guide rail (12) is parallel to a horizontal movable hopper guide rail (14), and a sliding block (15) is arranged on the horizontal jack guide rail (12);
the displacement jack (6) comprises a displacement jack horizontally arranged and a displacement jack vertical to the horizontal plane; the bottom of a horizontally arranged displacement jack is arranged on an oblique displacement jack guide rail (11) through a sliding block (15), and the top of the horizontally arranged displacement jack is fixed on a displacement jack mounting cross beam (4-4) of the movable hopper frame main body (4-1); the bottom of a displacement jack arranged vertical to the horizontal plane is arranged on a guide rail (12) of the horizontal displacement jack through a slide block (15), and the top of the displacement jack is contacted with the bottom plate of the movable hopper through a supporting base plate;
the confining pressure loading system comprises a confining pressure jack (7) for providing simulated overburden pressure and horizontal tectonic stress for surrounding rock materials in the fixed hopper (3) and the movable hopper (4); the bottom of a confining pressure jack (7) is respectively arranged on a second subframe, a third subframe, a side frame of the movable hopper frame and a confining pressure jack mounting beam (1-5) of a top frame of the movable hopper frame, and the top of the confining pressure jack (7) is respectively provided with a pressurizing plate (7-1) for applying confining pressure to a surrounding rock material in the loading hopper;
the displacement jack (6) and the confining pressure jack (7) are matched with an oil pump (8), an oil delivery pipe (9) and a power distribution control box (10) for use.
2. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different constructional stresses as claimed in claim 1, wherein an included angle (α) between the chamfered surface frame on the upper frame and the bottom plate of the fixed hopper is 30-80 degrees.
3. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for the cross-sectional tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different tectonic stresses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the confining pressure jacks (7) is at least 4, a base plate (7-2) is arranged between the pressure plate (7-1) and the top of the confining pressure jack (7), and the pressure plate (7-1) is fixedly connected with the top of the confining pressure jack through the base plate and a screw (7-3).
4. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different constructional stresses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the distance between the two inclined movable hopper guide rails (13) is 1.5-2 times of the distance between the front side surface and the rear side surface of the upper frame, and the length of each inclined movable hopper guide rail is greater than or equal to the length of an inclined beam of a beveling frame on the upper frame; the distance between the two horizontal movable hopper guide rails (14) is 0.6-0.8 times of the length of an oblique beam of the oblique plane frame on the upper frame, and a sliding block (15) of one horizontal movable hopper guide rail is fixed on a frame strip at the bottom of the oblique plane frame of the movable hopper frame body.
5. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device of the tunnel roadway crossing faults under different burial depths and different constructional stresses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap between an oblique beam of the beveling frame of the upper frame and the movable hopper (4) is blocked by a rubber strip (16).
6. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device for the cross-sectional tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different tectonic stresses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of the inclined displacement jack guide rails (11) is 1-3, the inclined displacement jack guide rails (11) are parallel to each other, and each inclined displacement jack guide rail is provided with 1 displacement jack (6); the number of the horizontal displacement jack guide rails (12) is 1-3, the horizontal displacement jack guide rails (12) are parallel to each other, and 1-2 displacement jacks (7) are arranged on the horizontal displacement jack guide rails (12).
7. The mechanical behavior characteristic simulation test device of the tunnel roadway crossing the fault under different burial depths and different tectonic stresses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support frame (1) and the movable hopper frame are formed by welding angle steel, the side plates of the fixed hopper (3) and the movable hopper (4) are made of toughened glass, and the bottom plates of the fixed hopper (3) and the movable hopper (4) and the pressurizing plate of the confining pressure jack are made of steel plates.
8. The simulation test device for the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different constructional stresses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bottom of the lower frame is provided with universal wheels (17).
9. The simulation test device for the mechanical behavior characteristics of the cross-fault tunnel roadway under different burial depths and different constructional stresses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the volume of the fixed hopper (3) is larger than that of the movable hopper (4).
10. The method for testing the mechanical behavior characteristics of the tunnel roadway crossing the fault under different burial depths and different structural stresses is characterized in that the method is used for testing on the basis of the simulation test device of one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps:
① brushing a layer of engine oil on the inner wall of a loading hopper of the simulation testing device, adjusting the position of a movable hopper of the simulation testing device according to the test requirement, mounting a displacement meter on the simulation testing device, paving a surrounding rock material in the loading hopper of the simulation testing device, and mounting a lining model, a strain gauge and a soil pressure cell in the surrounding rock material during the paving of the surrounding rock material;
② when the surrounding rock material is paved to the height required by the test, standing until the surrounding rock material reaches the strength required by the test, starting the oil pump according to the test requirement to control the surrounding pressure jack to apply vertical and horizontal pressures to the surrounding rock material, and respectively simulating the overburden pressure and the structural stress;
③ starting oil pump to control the displacement jack to provide power for the horizontal or/and longitudinal movement of the movable hopper according to the test requirement, monitoring the stress and strain data of the movable hopper in the horizontal or/and longitudinal movement under different burial depths and different tectonic stresses in real time by using a monitoring instrument connected with the strain gauge and the soil pressure cell, and measuring the horizontal and longitudinal movement distance of the movable hopper in real time by using a displacement meter;
④, acquiring the mechanical behavior characteristics of the tunnel roadway under the conditions of the strike-slip fault, the normal and reverse fault or the compound type dislocation under the conditions of different overlying formation pressures and different structural stresses by analyzing the stress, strain and displacement data acquired in the step ③.
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| CN111929149A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-13 | 防灾科技学院 | Physical simulation system for evolution of local stress field of sliding fracture |
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