Background
In the process of arresting a ship, there are three main ways of mooring a floating arresting facility to consume the kinetic energy of the ship: lifting heavy object energy dissipation, anchor walking energy dissipation and stretching cable body energy dissipation. The existing ship arresting facility only utilizes one energy dissipation mode, can achieve the purposes of arresting ships and protecting bridges, but is often not economical, and simultaneously utilizes two or three energy dissipation modes of the arresting facility, thereby being more beneficial to exerting the advantages of various energy dissipation modes.
For the arresting facility utilizing the walking anchors to dissipate energy, if the energy dissipation anchors are arranged on the mud surface, the energy dissipation anchors are easy to sink into the mud, and the energy dissipation anchors cannot be pulled after a ship is collided, so that the arresting facility fails; if the energy dissipation anchor is arranged on or suspended below the floating foundation, the water displacement of the floating foundation is increased, the mooring force of the floating foundation under the action of waves is increased, and the construction cost and the maintenance cost of the arresting facility are increased when the energy dissipation anchor is applied to the ocean environment with larger waves.
For the arresting facility using the tensile cable body to dissipate energy, because the number of the energy dissipation cables arranged on a single floating foundation is limited, only a single arresting unit at the ship collision part plays an arresting role, the whole arresting function of the arresting facility is difficult to play, the difficulty in arresting a large ship is high, and the construction cost of the arresting facility is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: for the building installation expense that reduces the ship facility of arresting, use the maintenance expense and by the recovery expense after the ship hits, gain better arresting effect, the utility model provides a ship facility is blocked to combination power consumption formula that mooring anchor chain promoted energy dissipation anchor, performance promote the heavy object energy dissipation, walk the advantage separately of anchor energy dissipation and tensile cable body energy dissipation, can promote energy dissipation anchor and go out silt, can be by the effect of arresting of the common consumption ship kinetic energy performance of a plurality of arresting units.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the combined energy dissipation type ship arresting facility of the mooring anchor chain lifting energy dissipation anchor adopts the following technical scheme.
The combined energy dissipation type ship arresting facility for the mooring anchor chain to lift the energy dissipation anchor comprises a floating foundation, an arresting net, a mooring anchor chain, an energy dissipation anchor chain and a connecting cable chain. A plurality of floating foundations are arranged at intervals and are anchored by mooring anchors and mooring anchor chain anchors, and adjacent floating foundations are connected by a blocking net. The energy dissipation anchor is arranged on the mud surface below the floating foundation and is tied to the floating foundation or the blocking net through an energy dissipation anchor cable chain. The upper ends of the mooring anchor chains far away from the bridge site are branched, one branch is tied to the floating foundation, the other branch is tied to a connecting rope chain, and the other end of the connecting rope chain is tied to the energy dissipation anchor after bypassing one component of the floating foundation.
The energy dissipation anchor is a strip-shaped gravity anchor, and the connecting cable chain and the energy dissipation anchor cable chain are tied to one end of the long edge of the strip-shaped gravity anchor, so that the energy dissipation anchor is convenient to lift from one end to discharge sludge even if the energy dissipation anchor is sunk into the sludge; or the energy dissipation anchor is a holding power anchor, so that the sludge is easily lifted out even if the energy dissipation anchor is sunk into the sludge; or the energy dissipation anchor is a grabbing anchor group which is flat, the upper surface and the lower surface are provided with a plurality of grabbing teeth which extend out, and no matter which surface lands, the grabbing teeth can be kept to face the mud surface all the time.
The floating foundation is provided with a limiting device, the connecting cable chain is tied in a hole which passes through the limiting device before the energy dissipation anchor, the size of the hole of the limiting device is smaller than the size of the cross section of the energy dissipation anchor, the energy dissipation anchor cannot pass through the hole of the limiting device, and when the connecting cable chain is pulled to lift the energy dissipation anchor, the energy dissipation anchor is blocked when contacting with the limiting device.
The mooring anchor chain is characterized in that another fork is arranged at the upper end of the mooring anchor chain far away from the bridge site side, an energy-consuming anchor chain is additionally arranged on the surface of a floating foundation or in the floating foundation and is connected with the fork, a plurality of elastic-plastic cable bodies are connected with chain rings and the floating foundation of the energy-consuming anchor chain, and the elastic-plastic cable bodies are sequentially stretched when the energy-consuming anchor chain is pulled out.
The energy-consuming anchor chain is characterized in that a barrier is arranged on a path for pulling out the energy-consuming anchor chain from the floating foundation or the inside of the floating foundation, so that the path for pulling out the energy-consuming anchor chain is a broken line and is bent for a plurality of times, and the resistance of the energy-consuming anchor chain during pulling out is increased.
The upper end of the mooring anchor chain is forked, the forked breaking tension of the connecting cable chain is larger than the forked breaking tension tied to the floating foundation, the forked breaking tension tying the energy-consuming anchor chain is the largest, when the floating foundation is driven to move to a bridge position after a ship is collided, the forked breaking tension tying the floating foundation is firstly broken, then the connecting cable chain is stressed and the energy dissipation anchor is lifted until the forked breaking of the connecting cable chain is achieved.
The floating foundation is a hollow floating platform, the free water surface can be seen in the range covered by the floating foundation, and the connecting cable chain passes through the free water surface in the range covered by the floating foundation and then is tied to the energy dissipation anchor. Because the waves can vertically penetrate through the hollow part of the floating foundation, the floating foundation has good stability and the capacity of resisting overturning in wind waves.
The barrier net is supported by the floating foundation and comprises a main barrier cable, a suspension cable and an auxiliary cable, wherein the suspension cable is the uppermost cable in the barrier net, two ends of the suspension cable are tied at the high positions of the floating foundation at the two ends of the barrier net, the upper end of the auxiliary cable is tied at the suspension cable, the lower end of the auxiliary cable is tied at the main barrier cable, the main barrier cable is the barrier cable with the largest breaking tension in the barrier net and two ends tied at the floating foundation and is positioned below the suspension cable, and the height of the main barrier cable above the water surface is higher than the stem or bulbous bow of a ship. After the arresting net is installed, the tension of the arresting net caused by the action of gravity, wind pressure and the like is borne by the suspension cables, the main arresting cable is only subjected to the tension caused by the action of self gravity and wind pressure, the distance between the auxiliary cables is small, the actual bearing capacity of the main arresting cable can be conveniently detected by adopting a test piece adding and hanging mode, and therefore the time for replacing the main arresting cable can be reasonably determined.
The auxiliary blocking cables are additionally arranged below the main blocking cables of the blocking net and are directly or indirectly connected to the suspension cables through the auxiliary cables, the auxiliary blocking cables float above the water surface or slightly above the water surface, and ships with low bow on the water surface cannot pass through the lower parts of the main blocking cables.
The working principle is as follows: the floating foundation is moored by a mooring anchor and a mooring anchor cable chain, and can bear the combined action of wind, waves and currents. After the ship is collided, the ship moves to the bridge position through the floating foundation moved by the arresting net belt, and the upper end of the mooring anchor cable chain far away from the bridge position is firstly stressed and broken by the bifurcation tied on the floating foundation. In the process that the floating foundation continues to move towards the bridge location, the mooring anchor chain pulls the connecting cable chain downwards and towards the direction far away from the bridge location, the connecting cable chain bypasses a component of the floating foundation and is subjected to the acting force of the floating foundation upwards and towards the bridge location, so that the connecting cable chain pulls the energy dissipation anchor upwards and towards the bridge location, one end of the energy dissipation anchor is lifted to discharge silt, the process of lifting the energy dissipation anchor consumes energy, and the friction between the connecting cable chain and the floating foundation consumes energy. The connecting cable chain is tied in a hole which passes through the limiting device before the energy dissipation anchor, the size of the limiting device hole is smaller than the size of the cross section of the energy dissipation anchor, the energy dissipation anchor is not communicated with the hole of the limiting device, the energy dissipation anchor is blocked by the limiting device, the mooring cable chain is broken by the bifurcation of the connecting cable chain, and therefore the energy dissipation anchor falls down and starts to consume the kinetic energy of the ship when the energy dissipation anchor is moved away by the floating foundation or the blocking belt. In the process of moving the floating foundation to the bridge position, the energy-consuming anchor chain on the floating foundation or in the floating foundation is pulled out, and the elastic-plastic cable body acting on the energy-consuming anchor chain link is sequentially stretched, so that resistance is provided and the kinetic energy of the ship is consumed. The path of the energy-consuming anchor chain pulled out from the floating foundation or the inside of the floating foundation is a broken line and is bent for a plurality of times, so that the frictional resistance when the energy-consuming anchor chain is pulled out is increased, and the kinetic energy of the ship is more favorably consumed. Even if the energy dissipation anchor chain of the floating foundation is completely pulled out, the floating foundation can provide resistance and consume the kinetic energy of the ship due to the installation of the energy dissipation anchor, so that the plurality of blocking units can jointly play a blocking role.
The utility model has the advantages that: although the energy dissipation anchor is directly arranged on the mud surface below the floating foundation and possibly sinks into the silt, the connecting cable chain is pulled in the process of driving the floating foundation to move to the bridge position after the ship is collided, and the energy dissipation anchor is lifted through the connecting cable chain to discharge the silt, so that the energy dissipation of the anchor can be realized. Meanwhile, due to the connecting cable chain, the energy dissipation anchor is arranged below the floating foundation, so that the energy dissipation anchor is conveniently lifted to discharge silt through the connecting cable chain by the floating foundation or the floating crane through water level change during the periodic maintenance of the blocking facility, and the energy dissipation anchor can be prevented from sinking into the silt deeply. After the energy-consuming anchor chain is installed, in the process that the ship drives the floating foundation to move to the bridge position, the energy-consuming anchor chain is pulled out from the floating foundation or the inside of the floating foundation, and the elastic-plastic cable bodies acting on the chain links of the energy-consuming anchor chain are sequentially stretched, so that resistance is provided and the kinetic energy of the ship is consumed. The path of the energy-consuming anchor chain is a broken line, so that the resistance of the energy-consuming anchor chain during pulling is increased, and the kinetic energy of the ship is consumed more favorably. Even if the energy dissipation anchor chain of the floating foundation is completely pulled out, the floating foundation can provide resistance and consume the kinetic energy of the ship due to the installation of the energy dissipation anchor, so that the plurality of blocking units can jointly play a blocking role. Therefore the utility model discloses a promote the organic combination of heavy object energy dissipation, walking anchor energy dissipation, tensile cable body energy dissipation and friction energy dissipation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
A combined energy dissipation type ship arresting facility for lifting an energy dissipation anchor by a mooring anchor chain comprises a floating foundation 1, an arresting net 2, a mooring anchor 3, a mooring anchor chain 4, an energy dissipation anchor 5, an energy dissipation anchor chain 6 and a connecting chain 7.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of floating foundations 1 are arranged at intervals and anchored by mooring anchors 3 and mooring anchor chains 4, and adjacent floating foundations 1 are connected by blocking nets 2. The energy dissipation anchor 5 is arranged on the mud surface below the floating foundation 1 and is tied to the floating foundation 1 or the blocking net 2 through an energy dissipation anchor chain 6. The upper ends of the mooring anchor chains 4 far away from the bridge site are branched, wherein one branch is tied to the floating foundation 1, the other branch is tied to a connecting rope chain 7, and the connecting rope chain 7 is tied to the energy dissipation anchor 5 after bypassing one member of the floating foundation 1.
As shown in FIG. 2, the upper side in the figure is the bridge site side, and the lower side in the figure is the side far from the bridge site. The upper end of the mooring anchor cable chain 4 far away from the bridge position side is provided with a branch, one branch is tied to the floating foundation 1 to play the role of anchoring the floating foundation 1, the other branch is tied to the connecting cable chain 7, and the connecting cable chain 7 is tied to the energy dissipation anchor after bypassing one member of the floating foundation. Because the length of the connecting cable chain 7 is slightly surplus, the moored floating foundation 1 moves in a small range under the action of wind, waves and currents, but the energy dissipation anchor 5 cannot be lifted upwards. When a ship impacts a blocking facility from the lower part to the upper part in the figure, the floating foundation 1 is driven by the blocking net 2 to move towards the bridge position, the mooring anchor chain 4 is tensioned because the mooring anchor 3 is not moved, the bifurcation of the floating foundation 1 tied at the upper end of the mooring anchor chain 4 is broken first, the mooring anchor chain 4 pulls the connecting cable chain 7 in the process that the floating foundation 1 continues to move towards the bridge position, the energy dissipation anchor 5 is lifted upwards through the sliding of the connecting cable chain 7 on the floating foundation 1 until the bifurcation of the mooring anchor chain 4 tied with the connecting cable chain 7 is broken, then the energy dissipation anchor 5 falls down, and the energy dissipation anchor 5 is pulled by the energy dissipation anchor chain 6 to walk to consume the kinetic energy of the ship. In order to control the lifting height of the energy dissipation anchor 5, a limiting device is arranged on the floating foundation 1, the connecting cable chain 7 is tied in a hole which passes through the limiting device in front of the energy dissipation anchor 5, the size of the hole of the limiting device is smaller than the size of the cross section of the energy dissipation anchor 5, the energy dissipation anchor 5 is not through the hole of the limiting device, when the connecting cable chain 7 is further pulled to lift the energy dissipation anchor 5, the energy dissipation anchor 5 is blocked by the limiting device, so that the mooring cable chain 4 is broken by the bifurcation of the connecting cable chain 7, and the energy dissipation anchor falls.
The upper end of the mooring anchor chain 4 far away from the bridge site side is also provided with another fork, the energy-consuming anchor chain 8 is additionally arranged on the floating foundation 1 or in the floating foundation 1 and is connected with the fork, as shown in figure 3, a plurality of elastic-plastic cable bodies 9 are connected with chain rings of the energy-consuming anchor chain 8 and the floating foundation 1, and the elastic-plastic cable bodies 9 are sequentially stretched when the energy-consuming anchor chain 8 is pulled out.
As shown in fig. 2, the floating foundation 1 is a hollow floating platform, the free water surface is visible in the coverage area of the floating foundation 1, and the connecting cable chain 7 passes through the free water surface in the coverage area of the floating foundation 1 and then is tied to the energy dissipation anchor 5. Because the waves can vertically penetrate through the hollow part of the floating foundation 1, the floating foundation 1 has good stability and the capacity of resisting overturning in wind and waves.
As shown in fig. 4, the barrier net 2 is supported by floating foundations at both ends, the barrier net 2 includes a main barrier rope 10, a suspension rope 11 and an auxiliary rope 12, the suspension rope 11 is the uppermost rope in the barrier net 2, both ends of the suspension rope 11 are tied to the high positions of the floating foundations 1 at both ends of the barrier net 2, the upper end of the auxiliary rope 12 is tied to the suspension rope 11, the lower end of the auxiliary rope 12 is tied to the main barrier rope 10, the main barrier rope 10 is the barrier rope having the largest breaking force in the barrier net 2 and both ends tied to the floating foundations 1, and the height of the main barrier rope 10 above the water surface is higher than the stem or bulbous bow of the ship. After the ship is collided, the main arresting cable 10 acts on the upper part of the bulbous bow of the ship or the upper part of the bow.
As shown in fig. 5, an auxiliary arresting cable 13 is additionally arranged below the main arresting cable 10 and is directly or indirectly connected to the suspension cable 11 through the auxiliary cable 12, the auxiliary arresting cable 13 floats on the water surface or slightly above the water surface, after the ship collides, the suspension cable 11 is pulled down under the action of the auxiliary arresting cable 13 and the auxiliary cable 12, and a ship with a low bow cannot pass through the lower part of the main arresting cable 10.