Background
In the process of blocking a ship, there are three main ways of mooring a floating blocking device to consume kinetic energy of the ship: lifting weight energy dissipation, anchor walking energy dissipation and stretching cable body energy dissipation. The existing ship blocking facilities generally only use one energy dissipation mode, but the purposes of blocking ships and protecting bridges are often not economical enough, and meanwhile, the two or three energy dissipation modes are used for blocking facilities, so that the advantages of various energy dissipation modes are better exerted.
For a blocking facility utilizing the anchor for energy dissipation, if the energy dissipation anchor is arranged on the mud surface, the energy dissipation anchor is easy to sink into the mud, and the energy dissipation anchor can not be pulled after the ship is bumped, so that the blocking facility is invalid; if the energy dissipation anchor is placed on or hung below the floating foundation, the water drainage amount of the floating foundation is increased, the mooring force of the floating foundation under the action of waves is increased, and the construction cost and maintenance cost of the blocking facility are increased when the energy dissipation anchor is applied to the marine environment with larger waves.
For the arresting facilities using the tensile rope body to consume energy, because the quantity of the energy consumption ropes which can be arranged on a single floating foundation is limited, the arresting function is only exerted by a single arresting unit at the ship collision part, the integral arresting function of the arresting facilities is difficult to exert, the difficulty of arresting large ships is high, and the construction cost of the arresting facilities is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to reduce the building installation cost, the use maintenance cost and the recovery cost after being bumped by a ship of a ship blocking facility and obtain a better blocking effect, the invention provides the combined energy-consumption ship blocking facility with the mooring rope chain lifting energy dissipation anchor, which plays the respective advantages of lifting weight energy dissipation, anchor walking energy dissipation and stretching rope body energy dissipation, can lift the energy dissipation anchor to produce sludge, and can jointly consume the kinetic energy of the ship by a plurality of blocking units to play a role in blocking.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the aim of the invention, the combined energy-consumption type ship blocking facility for the mooring anchor rope chain lifting energy dissipation anchor adopts the following technical scheme.
The combined energy-consumption type ship blocking facility for the mooring rope chain lifting energy dissipation anchor comprises a floating base, a blocking net, a mooring anchor, a mooring rope chain, an energy dissipation anchor rope chain and a connecting rope chain. The floating bases are arranged at intervals and are anchored by mooring anchors and mooring anchor cable chains, and adjacent floating bases are connected by blocking nets. The energy dissipation anchor is arranged on the mud surface below the floating base and is tied on the floating base or the blocking net through an energy dissipation anchor rope chain. The upper end of the mooring rope chain far away from the bridge position side is branched, one branched chain is tied on the floating base, the other branched chain is tied with a connecting rope chain, and the other end of the connecting rope chain is tied on the energy dissipation anchor after bypassing one component of the floating base.
The energy dissipation anchor is a long-strip gravity anchor, and the connecting cable chain and the energy dissipation anchor cable chain are tied at one end of the long side of the long-strip gravity anchor, so that the energy dissipation anchor is convenient to lift from one end to discharge sludge even if the energy dissipation anchor is sunk into the sludge; or the energy dissipation anchor is a holding power anchor, so that the sludge is easy to lift even if the energy dissipation anchor is sunk into the sludge; or the energy dissipation anchor is a holding power anchor group and is flat, the upper surface and the lower surface are provided with a plurality of holding power teeth which extend out, and no matter which surface is grounded, the holding power teeth can be always kept to face the mud surface.
The floating base is provided with a limiting device, the connecting cable is tied in front of the energy dissipation anchor and passes through a hole of the limiting device, the size of the hole of the limiting device is smaller than the cross section of the energy dissipation anchor, the energy dissipation anchor is connected with the hole of the limiting device, and when the connecting cable is pulled to lift the energy dissipation anchor, the energy dissipation anchor is blocked when contacting the limiting device.
The mooring anchor rope chain is characterized in that another bifurcation is arranged at the upper end of the mooring anchor rope chain far away from the bridge position side, the energy-consuming anchor chain is additionally arranged on the surface of the floating base or in the floating base and is connected with the bifurcation, a plurality of elastoplastic rope bodies are connected with chain rings of the energy-consuming anchor chain and the floating base, and the elastoplastic rope bodies are sequentially stretched when the energy-consuming anchor chain is pulled out.
The energy-consumption anchor chain is provided with a blocking object on a path for pulling out the energy-consumption anchor chain from the floating base or the inside of the floating base, so that the path for pulling out the energy-consumption anchor chain is folded line and is bent for a plurality of times, and the resistance of the energy-consumption anchor chain during pulling out is increased.
The upper end of the mooring anchor cable chain is branched, the branched breaking force of the connecting cable chain is larger than the branched breaking force of the floating base, the breaking force of the branched connecting cable chain is the maximum, when the ship bumps and drives the floating base to move towards the bridge position, the branched connecting base is firstly disconnected, and then the connecting cable chain is stressed and the energy dissipation anchor is lifted until the branched connecting cable chain is broken.
The floating base is a hollow floating platform, the free water surface is visible in the coverage area of the floating base, and the connecting cable chain is tied to the energy dissipation anchor after passing through the free water surface in the coverage area of the floating base. The wave can vertically penetrate through the hollow part of the floating base, so that the floating base has good stability and anti-overturning capability in stormy waves.
The arresting net is supported by the floating base, the arresting net comprises a main arresting rope, a suspension rope and an auxiliary rope, the suspension rope is the uppermost rope in the arresting net, two ends of the suspension rope are tied at the height of the floating base at two ends of the arresting net, the upper end of the auxiliary rope is tied at the suspension rope, the lower end of the auxiliary rope is tied at the main arresting rope, the main arresting rope is the arresting rope with the maximum breaking force in the arresting net, two ends of the main arresting rope are tied at the floating base, the main arresting rope is located below the suspension rope, and the height of the main arresting rope above the water surface is higher than that of the bow or the bulb bow of a ship. After the arresting net is installed, the tension of the arresting net caused by the actions of gravity, wind pressure and the like is borne by the suspension ropes, the main arresting ropes are only subjected to the tension caused by the actions of self gravity and wind pressure, the distance between the auxiliary ropes is small, the actual bearing capacity of the main arresting ropes is conveniently detected by adopting a test piece hanging mode, and therefore the time for replacing the main arresting ropes can be reasonably determined.
The auxiliary blocking rope is directly or indirectly connected to the suspension rope and floats on the water surface or is slightly higher than the water surface, and a ship with a low bow on the water surface cannot pass through the lower part of the main blocking rope.
Working principle: the floating base is moored by mooring anchors and mooring anchor cable chains, and can bear the combined action of wind, waves and currents. After the ship is bumped, the ship drives the floating base to move towards the bridge position through the blocking net, and the upper end of the mooring cable chain away from the bridge position side is tied on the bifurcation of the floating base to be stressed and broken at first. In the process that the floating base continues to move towards the bridge position, the mooring anchor rope chain pulls the connecting rope chain downwards and towards the direction far away from the bridge position, the connecting rope chain bypasses one member of the floating base and is acted by the acting force of the floating base upwards and towards the bridge position, so that the connecting rope chain pulls the energy dissipation anchor upwards and towards the bridge position, one end of the energy dissipation anchor is lifted to form sludge, the energy dissipation anchor is lifted, the energy is consumed in the process of lifting the energy dissipation anchor, and the friction between the connecting rope chain and the floating base is also consumed. Because the connecting rope is tied in front of the energy dissipation anchor and passes through the hole of the limiting device, the size of the hole of the limiting device is smaller than the size of the cross section of the energy dissipation anchor, the energy dissipation anchor is not connected with the hole of the limiting device, the energy dissipation anchor is blocked by the limiting device to cause the mooring rope to be broken by the bifurcation of the connecting rope, so that the energy dissipation anchor falls down, and the floating foundation or the blocking net drives the energy dissipation anchor to walk to the anchor to consume the kinetic energy of the ship. In the process of moving the floating base to the bridge position, the energy-consumption anchor chain on or in the floating base is pulled out, and the elastic plastic rope body acting on the chain ring of the energy-consumption anchor chain is sequentially stretched, so that resistance is provided and the kinetic energy of the ship is consumed. The path of the energy-consumption anchor chain pulled out from the floating base or the inside of the floating base is a fold line, and is folded for a plurality of times, so that the friction resistance of the energy-consumption anchor chain when pulled out is increased, and the energy-consumption anchor chain is more beneficial to consuming the kinetic energy of the ship. Even if the energy-consuming anchor chain of the floating base is pulled out completely, the floating base can provide resistance and consume the kinetic energy of the ship due to the energy-consuming anchor, so that a plurality of blocking units can play a role in blocking together.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: although the energy dissipation anchor is directly arranged on the mud surface below the floating base and possibly falls into the mud, the connecting cable chain is pulled in the process of driving the floating base to move towards the bridge position after the ship is bumped, and the energy dissipation anchor is lifted through the connecting cable chain to emit the mud, so that the anchor walking energy dissipation can be realized. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the connecting cable chains are arranged, the energy dissipation anchor is arranged below the floating foundation, so that the floating foundation or the floating crane can be lifted vertically to emit sludge by utilizing water level change during regular maintenance of the arresting facility through the connecting cable chains, and the energy dissipation anchor can be prevented from sinking into the sludge. After the energy-consumption anchor chain is installed, the energy-consumption anchor chain is pulled out from the floating base or the inside of the floating base in the process of moving the floating base to the bridge position by the ship, and the elastic plastic rope body acting on the chain ring of the energy-consumption anchor chain is sequentially stretched, so that resistance is provided and the kinetic energy of the ship is consumed. The path of the energy-consumption anchor chain is a broken line, so that the resistance of the energy-consumption anchor chain during pulling is increased, and the kinetic energy of the ship is more favorably consumed. Even if the energy-consuming anchor chain of the floating base is pulled out completely, the floating base can provide resistance and consume the kinetic energy of the ship due to the energy-consuming anchor, so that a plurality of blocking units can play a role in blocking together. Therefore, the invention realizes the organic combination of lifting weight energy dissipation, anchor walking energy dissipation, stretching cable body energy dissipation and friction energy dissipation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the drawings and the detailed description.
The combined energy-consumption type ship blocking facility comprises a floating base 1, a blocking net 2, a mooring anchor 3, a mooring anchor rope chain 4, an energy-consumption anchor 5, an energy-consumption anchor rope chain 6 and a connecting rope chain 7.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of floating foundations 1 are arranged at intervals and anchored by mooring anchors 3 and mooring cable chains 4, and adjacent floating foundations 1 are connected by a blocking net 2. The energy dissipation anchor 5 is arranged on the mud surface below the floating base 1 and is tied on the floating base 1 or the blocking net 2 through the energy dissipation anchor cable chain 6. The upper end of the mooring line chain 4 remote from the bridge side is bifurcated, one of which is tied to the foundation 1 and the other of which is tied to the connecting line 7, the connecting line 7 bypassing a member of the foundation 1 and being tied to the energy dissipating anchor 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper part of the figure is the bridge side, and the lower part of the figure is the side far from the bridge. The upper end of the mooring anchor rope chain 4 far away from the bridge position side is provided with a bifurcation, one bifurcation is tied on the floating base 1 and plays a role of anchoring the floating base 1, the other bifurcation is provided with a connecting rope chain 7, and the connecting rope chain 7 is tied on the energy dissipation anchor after bypassing one member of the floating base. Due to the somewhat surplus length of the connecting links 7, the moored floating base 1 will move a little under the influence of wind, waves, currents, but will not lift the energy-dissipating anchor 5 upwards. When the ship impacts the arresting facility from the upper side in the lower direction in the figure, the arresting net 2 drives the floating base 1 to move towards the bridge position, the mooring anchor rope chain 4 is tensioned because the mooring anchor 3 is not moved, the bifurcation of the floating base 1 is broken at the upper end of the mooring anchor rope chain 4, the mooring anchor rope chain 4 pulls the connecting rope chain 7 in the moving process of the floating base 1 towards the bridge position, and the energy dissipation anchor 5 is lifted upwards through the sliding of the connecting rope chain 7 on the member of the floating base 1 until the bifurcation of the mooring rope chain 4 with the connecting rope chain 7 is broken, then the energy dissipation anchor 5 falls down, and the energy dissipation anchor 5 is pulled by the energy dissipation anchor rope chain 6 to consume the kinetic energy of the ship. In order to control the lifted height of the energy dissipation anchor 5 conveniently, a limiting device is arranged on the floating foundation 1, the connecting cable chain 7 is tied in front of the energy dissipation anchor 5 and passes through a hole of the limiting device, the size of the hole of the limiting device is smaller than the cross section size of the energy dissipation anchor 5, the energy dissipation anchor 5 is not connected with the hole of the limiting device, and when the connecting cable chain 7 is pulled further to lift the energy dissipation anchor 5, the energy dissipation anchor 5 is blocked by the limiting device to cause the mooring cable chain 4 to be tied with the forked breakage of the connecting cable chain 7, so that the energy dissipation anchor falls.
The upper end of the anchor cable chain 4 away from the bridge side is further provided with another bifurcation, the energy-consumption anchor chain 8 is additionally arranged on the floating base 1 or in the floating base 1 and is connected with the bifurcation, as shown in figure 3, a plurality of elastic plastic cable bodies 9 are connected with the chain ring of the energy-consumption anchor chain 8 and the floating base 1, and the elastic plastic cable bodies 9 are sequentially stretched when the energy-consumption anchor chain 8 is pulled out.
As shown in fig. 2, the floating base 1 is a hollow floating platform, the free water surface is visible in the coverage area of the floating base 1, and the connecting cable 7 is tied to the energy dissipation anchor 5 after passing through the free water surface in the coverage area of the floating base 1. The wave can vertically penetrate through the hollow part of the floating base 1, so that the floating base 1 has good stability and anti-capsizing capability in stormy waves.
As shown in fig. 4, the arresting net 2 is supported by floating foundations at two ends, the arresting net 2 comprises a main arresting rope 10, a suspension rope 11 and an auxiliary rope 12, the suspension rope 11 is the uppermost rope in the arresting net 2, two ends of the suspension rope 11 are tied at the high positions of the floating foundations 1 at two ends of the arresting net 2, the upper ends of the auxiliary rope 12 are tied at the suspension rope 11, the lower ends of the auxiliary ropes 12 are tied at the main arresting rope 10, the main arresting rope 10 is the arresting rope with the maximum breaking force in the arresting net 2, and two ends of the main arresting rope 10 are tied at the floating foundations 1, and the height of the main arresting rope 10 above the water surface is higher than the bow or the bulb of the ship. After a ship crash, the main stopper wire 10 will act on or over the bulbous bow.
As shown in fig. 5, an auxiliary arresting rope 13 is additionally arranged below the main arresting rope 10, and is directly or indirectly connected to the suspension rope 11 through an auxiliary rope 12, the auxiliary arresting rope 13 floats on the water surface or is slightly higher than the water surface, after the ship is bumped, the suspension rope 11 is pulled down under the action of the auxiliary arresting rope 13 and the auxiliary rope 12, and the ship with a low bow cannot pass through the lower part of the main arresting rope 10.