CN106719218B - Single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage - Google Patents
Single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106719218B CN106719218B CN201710057334.6A CN201710057334A CN106719218B CN 106719218 B CN106719218 B CN 106719218B CN 201710057334 A CN201710057334 A CN 201710057334A CN 106719218 B CN106719218 B CN 106719218B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage which is provided with a frame system, a single-point anchoring system and a netting system, wherein the single-point anchoring system consists of a rope group and an anchor mechanism, the frame system is provided with a circular floating pipe frame, and the netting system is hung on the circular floating pipe frame, and the single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage is characterized in that: the frame system still be equipped with the supplementary pipe frame that floats of class A font, the supplementary pipe frame that floats of this class A font comprises floating the union coupling, the supplementary one end that floats two hypotenuses of pipe frame of class A font is as frame system case point of frame system, the other end of two hypotenuses of the supplementary pipe frame that floats of class A font is connected through first connection rope and second connection rope respectively circular pipe frame that floats, the central position of the horizontal limit of the supplementary pipe frame that floats of class A font is connected through the third connection rope circular pipe frame that floats. The invention can ensure that the circular floating pipe frame is not easy to deform, break and damage and accords with the working characteristics of a single-point mooring mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage.
Background
The aquaculture net cage consists of four parts, namely a net cage frame system, a netting system, an anchoring system and a supporting facility system. The anchoring system is the foundation of the net cage in water, and once the anchoring fixing system has problems in stormy weather, the whole net cage is damaged due to uneven stress. At present, the common cage anchoring forms at home and abroad are three: firstly, the traditional single net cage multi-point anchoring; secondly, anchoring a plurality of net cages in a grid manner; and thirdly, single-net-box single-point anchoring. The traditional multi-point anchoring system is simple in form, and the coastal floating deep water net cage in China currently has multiple purposes. The multi-point anchoring has three types according to different anchor types in sea areas, and firstly, the pile anchor is mostly wooden, has relatively low price and is suitable for the sea areas with shallow water depth and sediment bottom materials; secondly, the cement anchor has moderate price and is suitable for the sea area of sand mud or sand substrate; and thirdly, the iron anchor is expensive and is suitable for the sea area with complicated seabed. The net-type anchoring net cage is composed of high-holding-power anchors, anchor chains, shackles, buoys, mooring ropes, buffering devices and the like, and is in a net shape. The requirements on the distance and the direction of an anchor position and a net cage are high, and the high-precision DGPS pre-positioning device is a great challenge for offshore site construction without high-precision DGPS pre-positioning assistance and is difficult to accurately position and install. The single-point anchoring of the single net cage can resist typhoon of more than 14 grades, and is convenient for construction and installation. However, the fixing system is easy to cause anchor looseness under the condition of sudden wind direction change, so that the anchor turns over, the anchor loses anchor holding power, the anchor moves on the seabed, and the net cage can deviate from the original installation position, so that the net cage collides with other net cages or fixed objects in a culture area, and the net cage is damaged.
In the prior art, the single-point anchoring system anchors the deepwater net cage in a manner that an iron anchor is sunk on a seabed, an anchor tip of the iron anchor hooks the seabed, and a rope set is used for connecting the iron anchor and the deepwater net cage frame system floating on the sea surface, and has the following working characteristics: under the condition of good sea condition, namely the state that the rope set is not tensioned, the frame system of the deepwater net cage drifts in the sea area limited by the iron anchor and the rope set along with the action of environmental resultant force (including acting force of wind, wave, current and the like); under severe sea conditions (such as typhoon), the frame system of the deepwater net cage moves under the action of environmental force, so that the rope set is tensioned; considering the possibility that environmental resultant force acts on the frame system in any direction, the possible positions of the frame system under the tensioning state of the rope sets form a circular track, and the area within the circular track is the culture area occupied by the deep water net cage under the anchoring of the single-point anchoring system.
The existing single-point mooring system has the following problems: from the economic perspective, the culture area occupied by the deep-water net cage under the anchoring of the single-point anchoring system needs to be limited, so that the rope set cannot be too long, the included angle between the rope set in the tensioning state and the horizontal plane is larger, the upward vertical component of the acting force of the rope set on the iron anchor is correspondingly larger, the structural characteristic of the iron anchor determines that the anchoring and holding force of the iron anchor for hooking the seabed by the anchor tip is mainly reflected in the horizontal direction, the iron anchor is easy to be pulled upwards to be separated from the seabed under the severe sea conditions such as typhoon and the like due to the larger vertical component of the acting force, the iron anchor serving as the anchor point is separated from the original position, and the framework system deviates from the original culture area and is likely to collide with the deep-water net cages or fixtures on other culture areas.
In the prior art, a circular floating pipe frame is a frame system which is most widely applied and has the most mature technology in a culture net cage, but the circular floating pipe frame is anchored in a single-point anchoring mode, so that the following problems exist: due to the characteristics of the single-point anchoring system, the acting force of the rope group in the single-point anchoring system on the circular floating pipe frame is mainly a normal force, and the acting force is concentrated on one point of the circular floating pipe frame, so that the single-point anchoring system is easy to deform and break and damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a single point mooring type circular deepwater net cage is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage is provided with a frame system, a single-point anchoring system and a netting system, wherein the single-point anchoring system is composed of a rope set and an anchor mechanism, the anchor mechanism is sunk on a seabed, the frame system floats on the sea surface, the upper end part of the rope set is tied to a box tying point of the frame system, the lower end part of the rope set is tied to the anchor mechanism, the frame system is provided with a circular floating pipe frame, and the netting system is hung on the circular floating pipe frame, and the net cage is characterized in that: the frame system is further provided with an A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame, the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame is formed by connecting floating pipes, two bevel edges of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame are arranged in an axisymmetric mode by taking a perpendicular bisector of a transverse edge of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame as an axis, one end, connected with the two bevel edges, of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame serves as a box tying point of the frame system, the other ends of the two bevel edges of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame are connected with the circular floating pipe frame through first connecting ropes and second connecting ropes respectively, the central position of the transverse edge of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame is connected with the circular floating pipe frame through third connecting ropes, the first connecting ropes, the second connecting ropes and the third connecting ropes can be in a tensioning state simultaneously, the first connecting ropes and the second connecting ropes are tangent to the circular outer contour of the circular floating pipe frame when the third connecting ropes are in the tensioning state, and the third connecting ropes are perpendicular to the circular outer contour of the circular floating pipe frame when the third connecting ropes are in the tensioning state.
In order to reduce the possibility that the pulling force of the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope damages the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame, the invention is taken as a preferred embodiment of the invention: and when the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope are in a tensioning state, the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope are respectively parallel to the extending direction of the inclined edge of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame connected with the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope.
In order to buffer the impact load between the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame and the circular floating pipe frame, the invention is taken as a preferred embodiment: the first connecting rope, the second connecting rope and the third connecting rope are equally divided into two rope sections, and the two rope sections are connected through a buffer device.
In order to ensure the structural strength of the A-like auxiliary floating pipe frame, the invention is characterized in that: the floating pipes forming the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame comprise a front floating pipe, two bent pipe connecting pieces, two side floating pipes, two inclined sleeve pipe connecting pieces and a middle floating pipe, wherein two ends of the front floating pipe are connected with one ends of the two side floating pipes through the two bent pipe connecting pieces respectively, so that the two side floating pipes and the front floating pipe form an obtuse included angle, the two inclined sleeve pipe connecting pieces are sleeved on the two side floating pipes respectively, the middle floating pipe is connected between the two inclined sleeve pipe connecting pieces, and the other ends of the two side floating pipes are used for connecting the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope respectively; the middle part floats pipe and two sides and floats the pipe and do respectively promptly the supplementary horizontal limit and two hypotenuses that float the pipe frame of class A font, anterior superficial pipe is promptly be the system case point, anterior superficial pipe with middle part floats pipe parallel arrangement, two sides float the pipe with the plumb line that anterior superficial pipe is axisymmetric setting.
In order to further strengthen the strength of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame and enable the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame to bear longitudinal load, the invention is taken as a preferred embodiment: the floating pipe of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame further comprises two straight sleeve connecting pieces and a reinforced floating pipe, the two straight sleeve connecting pieces are respectively sleeved at the central position of the front floating pipe and the central position of the middle floating pipe, and the reinforced floating pipe is connected between the two straight sleeve connecting pieces.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the circular floating pipe frame is formed by connecting an outer circular floating pipe and an inner circular floating pipe through a plurality of connecting pieces, wherein the inner circular floating pipe and the outer circular floating pipe are concentric circles; the outer circular floating pipe is welded with two limiting blocks, the two limiting blocks divide the outer circular floating pipe into a pipe section facing the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame and a pipe section facing away from the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame, the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope are tied to the outer circular floating pipe, and the tied rope knots of the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope on the outer circular floating pipe are located on the pipe section of the outer circular floating pipe facing away from the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame.
In order to improve the stability of the anchoring system to the anchoring of the deep water net cage, the anchoring system is taken as a preferred embodiment of the invention: the single-point anchoring system is a single-point double-anchor anchoring system, namely: the anchor mechanism comprises an iron anchor, a first anchor rope and a cement anchor, wherein the iron anchor and the cement anchor are both sunk on a seabed, an anchor tip of the iron anchor hooks the seabed, the lower end part of the rope group is tied to the cement anchor, and the first anchor rope is tied between the iron anchor and the cement anchor, so that the included angle between the first anchor rope and the horizontal plane in a tensioning state is smaller than the included angle between the rope group and the horizontal plane in the tensioning state.
In order to reduce the included angle alpha between a rope group and the horizontal plane in a tensioning state to the maximum extent and pre-tighten a first anchor rope tied between an iron anchor and a cement anchor when the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is installed, two tying rope points used for tying the first anchor rope are pre-buried in the cement anchor and are arranged up and down; the first anchor line is tied to a tether point below the cement anchor.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the anchor is preferably an AC-14 type high-holding-power anchor, the cement anchor is preferably a square-table-shaped block poured by cement gravel, and the rope group and the first anchor rope are tied on two opposite sides of the cement anchor respectively.
In order to improve the buffer effect of the single-point double-anchor anchoring system on the impact load of the resultant force of the environment on the deep water net cage, the invention is taken as a preferred embodiment: the rope group is provided with an anchor chain and a second anchor rope; one of the end portions of the anchor chain is connected to one of the end portions of the second anchor line, the other end portion of the anchor chain serves as a lower end portion of the rope group, and the other end portion of the second anchor line serves as an upper end portion of the rope group.
Because the anchor rope is formed by twisting a plurality of wire ropes in one direction when being manufactured and woven, in order to ensure that the single-stranded wire rope in the second anchor rope cannot be twisted reversely towards the twisting direction of the second anchor rope along with the wind direction and the tidal movement, and to avoid the wire ropes forming the second anchor rope from being loose and reducing the service life of the second anchor rope, the anchor rope is taken as a preferred embodiment of the invention: the rope group is also provided with a universal ring; the end part of the anchor chain is connected with the end part of the second anchor rope through the universal ring.
In order to avoid that the anchor chain is too heavy and the part of the deep water net cage frame system close to the box tying point is pulled into the sea water, the invention adopts the following preferred embodiment: the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is also provided with a buoy and a buoy connecting rope; the flotation pontoon floats on the sea surface, the flotation pontoon is connected the rope and is connected the flotation pontoon with between the universal ring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the present invention is provided with an a-like auxiliary floating pipe frame, which can disperse the single-point acting force of the rope group to the box tying point of the frame system into three directional forces acting on the circular floating pipe frame through the first connecting rope, the second connecting rope and the third connecting rope, so that the single-point anchoring system can realize single-point anchoring to the circular floating pipe frame through the a-like auxiliary floating pipe frame, and the forces acting on the circular floating pipe frame are dispersed at three points, so that the stress of the circular floating pipe frame is more uniform, the circular floating pipe frame is not easily deformed into an ellipse, the forces on the three connecting ropes are smaller than the force generated by single-point anchoring in the prior art only by using one anchor rope, and the forces acting on the circular floating pipe frame by the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope are tangential forces, and the floating pipes constituting the circular floating pipe frame are subjected to the stretching action of the tangential force but not to the shearing action of the normal force (such as the force of the second connecting rope acting on the circular floating pipe frame), therefore, the circular floating pipe frame is not easily deformed and damaged.
Moreover, the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame adopted by the invention can accord with the working characteristics of a single-point mooring mode, namely: when the frame system moves to a dynamic balance state by environmental resultant force in a certain direction, the tying box point of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame is positioned at the forefront of the meeting environmental resultant force, and two bevel edges of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame become drainage surfaces, so that the resistance of the frame system to the environmental resultant force (particularly water flow) is effectively reduced.
Secondly, the buffer device is arranged, so that the impact load between the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame and the circular floating pipe frame can be buffered.
Thirdly, the structure of the A-shaped-like auxiliary floating pipe frame adopted by the invention has the advantages of high structural strength and capability of bearing longitudinal load.
Fourthly, the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is adopted, and the arranged first anchor rope and the cement anchor can play the following roles in the working process of the single-point anchoring system: 1. when the rope set is not tensioned, even under the limit sea condition, the frame system of the deep-water net cage is subjected to impact load due to the increase of instantaneous wind and waves, so that the rope set is instantaneously tensioned, and due to the gravity action of the cement anchor, the cement anchor needs to be lifted upwards to form impact force which is directly acted on the iron anchor and the frame system of the deep-water net cage, so that the cement anchor has a stress buffering effect, the frame system and the rope set of the deep-water net cage cannot be damaged by impact, and the instantaneous acting force on the iron anchor can be reduced; 2. when the cable assembly and the first anchor cable are tensioned, even under extreme sea conditions, a large vertical drop exists between the height of the large-tonnage cement anchor (generally weighing several tons) pulled upwards and the deepwater net cage frame system floating on the sea surface, so that the included angle beta between the first anchor cable and the horizontal plane in the tensioned state is far smaller than the included angle alpha between the cable assembly and the horizontal plane in the tensioned state, and as can be known from the force decomposition, the acting force of the first anchor cable on the iron anchor is mainly concentrated on the horizontal component, the vertical component is relatively smaller, and the force of the first anchor cable acting on the iron anchor is reduced by combining the buffering effect of the cement anchor, so that: under the same sea condition, the vertical component of the upward force of the first anchor rope acting on the iron anchor is far smaller than the vertical component of the upward force of the rope group directly acting on the iron anchor in the prior art;
therefore, the invention can greatly reduce the upward vertical component of the acting force applied to the iron anchor in the working process, ensure that the anchor tip of the iron anchor can firmly and reliably hook the seabed without loosening, causing anchor turning and the like, i.e. the iron anchor does not lose the anchoring force on the seabed, improve the stability of the anchoring system to the anchoring of the deepwater net cage, and overcome the problem that the culture area occupied by the deepwater net cage is overlarge because the iron anchor can not be pulled up under severe sea conditions due to the overlong rope set in the prior art.
In addition, because the first anchor rope is in a tensioning state under severe sea conditions, if the sea conditions are further worsened, the force acting on the deepwater net cage frame system is further increased, so that the stress of the cement anchor is increased and the cement anchor tends to move, the acting force exerted on the cement anchor is immediately transmitted to the iron anchor through the first anchor rope, and the anchor holding force provided by the iron anchor with an anchor tip firmly and reliably hooking the seabed is far greater than the friction force between the cement anchor and the seabed.
And fifthly, the anchor chain and the second anchor rope are adopted to form a rope group, so that the impact load of the single-point double-anchor anchoring system on the deepwater net cage caused by environmental resultant force can be buffered by utilizing the weight of the anchor chain.
Sixth, the universal ring is arranged in the rope group, so that the single-stranded wire ropes in the second anchor rope can not be twisted reversely towards the twisting direction of the second anchor rope along with the wind direction and tidal movement, and the problem that the service life of the second anchor rope is shortened due to the fact that the wire ropes forming the second anchor rope are loose is avoided.
Seventh, the invention can avoid the situation that the part of the deepwater net cage frame system close to the tying point of the deepwater net cage frame system is pulled into the seawater due to the overweight of the anchor chain by arranging the buoy and the buoy connecting rope.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single point mooring type circular deepwater net cage of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the frame system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention discloses a single point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage, which is provided with a frame system, a single point anchoring system and a netting system 4, wherein the single point anchoring system is composed of a rope group 1 and an anchor mechanism 2, the anchor mechanism 2 is sunk on a seabed SF, the frame system floats on the sea surface SL, the upper end part of the rope group 1 is tied on a box tying point 5a of the frame system, the lower end part of the rope group is tied on the anchor mechanism 2, the frame system is provided with a circular floating pipe frame 3, the netting system 4 is hung on the circular floating pipe frame 3, and the invention conception of the invention is as follows: the frame system is also provided with an A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5, the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 is formed by connecting floating pipes, two bevel edges of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 are arranged in an axial symmetry mode by taking perpendicular bisectors of the transverse edges of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 as axis lines, one end, connected with the two bevel edges, of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 serves as a box tying point 5a of the frame system, the other ends of the two bevel edges of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 are connected with the circular floating pipe frame 3 through first connecting ropes 61 and second connecting ropes 62 respectively, the central position of the transverse edges of the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 is connected with the circular floating pipe frame 3 through third connecting ropes 63, the first connecting ropes 61, the second connecting ropes 62 and the third connecting ropes 63 can be in a tensioning state simultaneously, the first connecting ropes 61 and the second connecting ropes 62 are tangent to the circular outer contour of the circular floating pipe frame 3 when the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame is in the tensioning state, and the third connecting ropes 63 are perpendicular to the circular outer contour of the circular floating pipe frame 3 when in the tensioning state.
Based on the inventive concept, the working principle of the single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage is as follows:
when environmental resultant force (including wind, wave, flow and other acting force) acts on the frame system and the netting system 4 to make them flap to a certain direction, the anchor mechanism 2 pulls the frame system through the rope set 1 to limit the frame system in a predetermined cultivation area; the single-point acting force of the rope group 1 on the box tying point 5a of the frame system is dispersed into three directional forces to act on the circular floating pipe frame 3 through the first connecting rope 61, the second connecting rope 62 and the third connecting rope 63, so that the single-point anchoring system can realize single-point anchoring on the circular floating pipe frame 3 through the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5, in addition, the forces acting on the circular floating pipe frame 3 are dispersed on three points, the stress of the circular floating pipe frame 3 is more uniform, the forces on the three connecting ropes are smaller than the force generated by single-point mooring by only adopting one anchor rope in the prior art, the forces acting on the circular floating pipe frame 3 by the first connecting rope 61 and the second connecting rope 62 are tangential forces, and the floating pipes forming the circular floating pipe frame 3 are subjected to the tensile action of the tangential forces but not subjected to the shearing action of the normal forces (such as the force acting on the circular floating pipe frame 3 by the second connecting rope 62), therefore, the invention can ensure that the circular floating pipe frame 3 is not easy to deform, break and damage.
Moreover, the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 adopted by the invention can accord with the working characteristics of a single-point mooring mode, namely: when the frame system moves to a dynamic balance state by environmental resultant force in a certain direction, a box tying point 5a of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 is positioned at the forefront of the resultant force of the meeting environment, and two inclined edges of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 become drainage surfaces, so that the resistance of the frame system to the environmental resultant force (particularly water flow) is effectively reduced.
In addition, the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 can also be used for separating the distance between the rope set 1 and the netting system 4, so that the rope set 1 and the netting system 4 cannot be wound or collided even if the wind direction changes suddenly. Moreover, no matter in any wind direction, the cultivation worker ship can stop along the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5, so that the operation is convenient; because the single-point fixing is adopted, the direction pointed by the box tying point 5a of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 is always the direction with the minimum combined acting force of wind, wave and flow, if the worker ship needs to stop the net cage for feeding operation, the worker ship can be berthed along the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5, and the berthing point is selected without judging the wind direction and the flow direction.
On the basis of the above inventive concept, the present invention adopts the following preferred structure:
in order to reduce the possibility of damage to the a-like auxiliary float pipe frame 5 caused by the tensile force of the first connecting rope 61 and the second connecting rope 62, the first connecting rope 61 and the second connecting rope 62 are respectively in a tensioned state and parallel to the extending direction of the oblique side of the a-like auxiliary float pipe frame 5 connected with the first connecting rope 61 and the second connecting rope 62.
In order to buffer the impact load between the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 and the circular floating pipe frame 3, the invention is taken as a preferred embodiment: the first connecting rope 61, the second connecting rope 62 and the third connecting rope 63 are divided into two rope sections, and the two rope sections are connected through a buffer device 7, wherein the buffer device 7 can be an elastic member such as spherical rubber.
In order to ensure the structural strength of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5, the floating pipes forming the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 comprise a front floating pipe 501, two elbow pipe connectors 503, two side floating pipes 504, two inclined sleeve pipe connectors 506 and a middle floating pipe 507, wherein two ends of the front floating pipe 501 are respectively connected with one end of each of the two side floating pipes 504 through the two elbow pipe connectors 503, so that the two side floating pipes 504 and the front floating pipe 501 form an obtuse included angle, the two inclined sleeve pipe connectors 506 are respectively sleeved on the two side floating pipes 504, the middle floating pipe 507 is connected between the two inclined sleeve pipe connectors 506, and the other ends of the two side floating pipes 504 are respectively used for connecting a first connecting rope 61 and a second connecting rope 62; the middle floating pipe 507 and the two side floating pipes 504 are the horizontal side and the two oblique sides of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5, the front floating pipe 501 is the box tying point 5a, the front floating pipe 501 is arranged in parallel with the middle floating pipe 507, and the two side floating pipes 504 are arranged in axial symmetry with the perpendicular bisector of the front floating pipe 501.
In order to further strengthen the strength of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 and enable the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 to bear the longitudinal load, the floating pipe forming the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 further comprises two straight sleeve connecting pieces 502 and a reinforced floating pipe 505, the two straight sleeve connecting pieces 502 are respectively sleeved on the central position of the front floating pipe 501 and the central position of the middle floating pipe 507, and the reinforced floating pipe 505 is connected between the two straight sleeve connecting pieces 502.
Preferably: the circular floating pipe frame 3 is formed by connecting an outer circular floating pipe 31 and an inner circular floating pipe 32 through a plurality of connecting pieces 33, wherein the inner circular floating pipe 32 and the outer circular floating pipe 31 are concentric circles; two limiting blocks 34 are welded on the outer circular floating pipe 31, the outer circular floating pipe 31 is divided into a pipe section facing the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 and a pipe section facing away from the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5 by the two limiting blocks 34, the first connecting rope 61 and the second connecting rope 62 are tied on the outer circular floating pipe 31, and the tying rope knots of the first connecting rope 61 and the second connecting rope 62 on the outer circular floating pipe 31 are positioned on the pipe section of the outer circular floating pipe 31 facing away from the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame 5.
In order to improve the stability of the anchoring system to the anchoring of the deepwater net cage, the single-point anchoring system is a single-point double-anchor anchoring system, namely: the anchor mechanism 2 consists of an iron anchor 21, a first anchor line 22 and a cement anchor 23, wherein the iron anchor 21 and the cement anchor 23 are both sunk on a seabed SF, an anchor tip 211 of the iron anchor 21 hooks the seabed SF, the lower end part of the rope group 1 is tied on the cement anchor 23, and the first anchor line 22 is tied between the iron anchor 21 and the cement anchor 23, so that an included angle beta between the first anchor line 22 and the horizontal plane in a tensioning state is smaller than an included angle alpha between the rope group 1 and the horizontal plane in the tensioning state.
The working principle of the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is as follows:
when the single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage disclosed by the invention is applied to a single-point double-anchor anchoring system, the single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage has the following characteristics in the working process: under the condition of good sea condition, namely the state that the cable group 1 is not tensioned, the frame system of the deepwater net cage drifts in the sea area range limited by the cement anchor 23 and the cable group 1 along with the action of the resultant force of the environment, namely: in this state, the cement anchor 23 is an anchor site of the deepwater net cage; under severe sea conditions (such as typhoon), the frame system of the deepwater net cage moves under the action of environmental force, so that the rope set 1 is tensioned, but the rope set 1 cannot pull the cement anchor 23, the cement anchor 23 is kept still submerged on the seabed SF, and in this state, the cement anchor 23 is still an anchor point of the deepwater net cage; in more severe sea conditions (such as higher typhoons), the force with which the set of ropes 1 pulls the cement anchor 23 is further increased, the cement anchor 23 is pulled away from the original position (the way of pulling includes being pulled up and/or moving in the horizontal direction, wherein, since the cement anchor 23 weighs several tons, the height at which the cement anchor 23 can be pulled up is small even in extreme sea conditions), so that the first anchor rope 22 is tensioned, i.e.: in this state, the iron anchor 21 is an anchor site of the deepwater net cage.
The single point dual anchor mooring system of the present invention with the first mooring line 22 and the cement anchor 23 can function as follows during the above-mentioned operation:
1. when the rope group 1 is not tensioned, even under the extreme sea condition, the frame system of the deep water net cage is subjected to impact load due to the increase of instantaneous wind and waves, so that the rope group 1 is instantaneously tensioned, and due to the gravity action of the cement anchor 23, the cement anchor 23 needs to be lifted upwards to form impact force which is directly acted on the iron anchor 21 and the frame system of the deep water net cage, so that the cement anchor 23 has a stress buffering effect, the frame system of the deep water net cage and the rope group 1 are not damaged by impact, and the instantaneous acting force applied on the iron anchor 21 can be reduced;
2. when the cable assembly 1 and the first anchor cable 22 are tensioned, even under extreme sea conditions, a large vertical drop exists between the height at which the large-tonnage cement anchor 23 (generally weighing several tons) is pulled up and the deepwater net cage frame system floating on the sea surface SL, so that the included angle β between the first anchor cable 22 in the tensioned state and the horizontal plane is far smaller than the included angle α between the cable assembly 1 in the tensioned state and the horizontal plane, and as can be seen from the force resolution, the acting force of the first anchor cable 22 on the iron anchor 21 is mainly concentrated on the horizontal component, and the vertical component is relatively much smaller, so that the force acting on the iron anchor 21 by the first anchor cable 22 due to the buffering action of the cement anchor 23 is reduced, which results in that: under the same sea condition, the vertical component of the upward force of the first anchor rope 22 acting on the iron anchor 21 is much smaller than the vertical component of the upward force of the prior art rope set 1 directly acting on the iron anchor 21;
therefore, the invention can greatly reduce the upward vertical component of the acting force applied to the iron anchor 21 in the working process, ensure that the anchor tip 211 of the iron anchor 21 can firmly and reliably hook the seabed SF without loosening and causing the anchor to turn over, and the like, i.e. the iron anchor 21 can not lose the anchoring force to the seabed SF, improve the stability of the anchoring system to the deepwater net cage, and overcome the problem that the deepwater net cage occupies too large culture area because the iron anchor can not be pulled up under severe sea conditions because of the overlong rope group in the prior art.
In addition, because the first anchor rope 22 is in a tensioned state under severe sea conditions, if the sea conditions are further worsened, namely the force acting on the deepwater net cage frame system is further increased, the stress on the cement anchor 23 is increased and the cement anchor 23 tends to move, the acting force acting on the cement anchor 23 is immediately transmitted to the iron anchor 21 through the first anchor rope 22, and the anchor holding force provided by the iron anchor 21 with the anchor tip 211 firmly and reliably hooking the seabed SF is far greater than the friction force between the cement anchor 23 and the seabed SF, so that the environmental resultant force acting on the net cage frame system required by the movement of the cement anchor 23 is improved due to the tensile force of the iron anchor 21 on the cement anchor 23 through the first anchor rope 22, and the anchoring performance of the deepwater net cage by the anchoring system is improved.
In order to reduce the included angle alpha between the rope group 1 and the horizontal plane in a tensioning state to the maximum extent and pre-tighten the first anchor rope 22 tied between the iron anchor 21 and the cement anchor 23 when the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is installed, the cement anchor 23 is pre-buried with two rope tying points 231 for tying the first anchor rope 22, and the two rope tying points 231 are arranged up and down; the first mooring line 22 is tied to the lower tether point 231 of the cement anchor 23.
The iron anchor 21 is preferably an AC-14 type high holding power iron anchor, the cement anchor 23 is preferably a square-table-shaped block made of cement sand, and the rope set 1 and the first anchor rope 22 are tied on two opposite sides of the cement anchor 23.
In order to improve the buffer effect of the single-point double-anchor anchoring system on the impact load of the resultant force of the environment on the deep water net cage, the rope set 1 is provided with an anchor chain 11 and a second anchor rope 12; one of the end portions of the anchor chain 11 is connected to one of the end portions of the second anchor line 12, the other end portion of the anchor chain 11 serves as a lower end portion of the rope set 1, and the other end portion of the second anchor line 12 serves as an upper end portion of the rope set 1.
Because the anchor rope is formed by twisting a plurality of wire ropes in one direction when being manufactured and woven, in order to ensure that a single-stranded wire rope in the second anchor rope 12 cannot be twisted reversely towards the twisting direction of the second anchor rope along with wind direction and tidal movement so as to avoid the wire ropes forming the second anchor rope 12 from being loose and reduce the service life of the second anchor rope 12, the rope group 1 is also provided with a universal ring 13; the end of the anchor chain 11 is connected to the end of the second anchor line 12 by means of a universal ring 13.
In order to avoid that the part of the deepwater net cage frame system close to the box tying point 5a is pulled into the seawater due to the overweight of the anchor chain 11, the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is also provided with a buoy 8 and a buoy connecting rope 9; the buoy 8 floats on the sea surface SL, and the buoy connection line 9 is connected between the buoy 8 and the gimbal ring 13.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other equivalent modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the basic technical concept of the invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field.
Claims (10)
1. A single-point anchoring type circular deepwater net cage is provided with a frame system, a single-point anchoring system and a netting system (4), wherein the single-point anchoring system is composed of a rope group (1) and an anchoring mechanism (2), the anchoring mechanism (2) is sunk on a Seabed (SF), the frame system floats on the sea Surface (SL), the upper end part of the rope group (1) is tied on a box tying point (5 a) of the frame system, the lower end part of the rope group is tied on the anchoring mechanism (2), the frame system is provided with a circular floating pipe frame (3), and the netting system (4) is hung on the circular floating pipe frame (3), and is characterized in that: the frame system still be equipped with class A font supplementary superficial pipe frame (5), this class A font supplementary superficial pipe frame (5) is connected by floating the union coupling and is constituteed, and two hypotenuses of this class A font supplementary superficial pipe frame (5) use the perpendicular bisector of its horizontal limit to set up as the axisymmetric, the one end that two hypotenuses of class A font supplementary superficial pipe frame (5) link to each other is as frame system case point (5 a) of system, the other end of two hypotenuses of class A font supplementary superficial pipe frame (5) is connected through first connecting rope (61) and second connecting rope (62) respectively circular superficial pipe frame (3), the central point of the horizontal limit of class A font supplementary superficial pipe frame (5) is connected circular superficial pipe frame (3) through third connecting rope (63), and first connecting rope (61), second connecting rope (62) and third connecting rope (63) can be in the tensioning state simultaneously, first connecting rope (61) and second connecting rope (62) all with when being in the tensioning state the outer contour of circular superficial pipe frame (3) is tangent when the circular outer contour connects the pipe frame (3), the circular outer contour is connected in the tangent when the circular outer contour of the circular shape.
2. The single point mooring circular deepwater net cage of claim 1, wherein: the first connecting rope (61) and the second connecting rope (62) are respectively parallel to the extending direction of the inclined edge of the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame (5) connected with the first connecting rope and the second connecting rope in a tensioning state.
3. The single point mooring circular deepwater net cage of claim 1, wherein: the first connecting rope (61), the second connecting rope (62) and the third connecting rope (63) are divided into two rope sections, and the two rope sections are connected through a buffer device (7).
4. A single point mooring circular deepwater net cage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the floating pipe forming the A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame (5) comprises a front floating pipe (501), two bent pipe connecting pieces (503), two side floating pipes (504), two inclined sleeve pipe connecting pieces (506) and a middle floating pipe (507), wherein two ends of the front floating pipe (501) are connected with one ends of the two side floating pipes (504) through the two bent pipe connecting pieces (503) respectively, so that the two side floating pipes (504) and the front floating pipe (501) form an obtuse included angle, the two inclined sleeve pipe connecting pieces (506) are sleeved on the two side floating pipes (504) respectively, the middle floating pipe (507) is connected between the two inclined sleeve pipe connecting pieces (506), and the other ends of the two side floating pipes (504) are used for connecting the first connecting rope (61) and the second connecting rope (62) respectively; middle part floats pipe (507) and two sides and floats pipe (504) and do respectively promptly the supplementary horizontal limit and two hypotenuses that float pipe frame (5) of class A font, anterior superficial pipe (501) are promptly be system case point (5 a), anterior superficial pipe (501) with middle part floats pipe (507) parallel arrangement, two sides float pipe (504) with the perpendicular bisector that anterior superficial pipe (501) sets up as the axial symmetry.
5. The single point mooring circular deepwater net cage of claim 4, wherein: the floating pipe forming the similar A-shaped auxiliary floating pipe frame (5) further comprises two straight sleeve connecting pieces (502) and a reinforced floating pipe (505), the two straight sleeve connecting pieces (502) are respectively sleeved on the central position of the front floating pipe (501) and the central position of the middle floating pipe (507), and the reinforced floating pipe (505) is connected between the two straight sleeve connecting pieces (502).
6. A single point mooring circular deepwater net cage according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the circular floating pipe frame (3) is formed by connecting an outer circular floating pipe (31) and an inner circular floating pipe (32) through a plurality of connecting pieces (33), wherein the inner circular floating pipe (32) and the outer circular floating pipe (31) are concentric circles; the welding has two stopper (34) on outer circular floating pipe (31), and these two stopper (34) will outer circular floating pipe (31) are separated for the orientation the pipeline section of class A font auxiliary floating pipe frame (5) with dorsad the pipeline section of class A font auxiliary floating pipe frame (5), first connecting rope (61) and second are connected rope (62) and are all in outer circular floating pipe (31), just first connecting rope (61) and second are connected rope (62) and are in tether knot on outer circular floating pipe (31) all is located outer circular floating pipe (31) dorsad on the pipeline section of class A font auxiliary floating pipe frame (5).
7. A single point mooring circular deepwater net cage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the single-point anchoring system is a single-point double-anchor anchoring system, namely: the anchor mechanism (2) comprises an iron anchor (21), a first anchor rope (22) and a cement anchor (23), wherein the iron anchor (21) and the cement anchor (23) are both sunk on a Seabed (SF), the Seabed (SF) is hooked by an anchor tip (211) of the iron anchor (21), the lower end part of the rope set (1) is tied on the cement anchor (23), and the first anchor rope (22) is tied between the iron anchor (21) and the cement anchor (23), so that an included angle (beta) between the first anchor rope (22) and the horizontal plane in a tensioning state is smaller than an included angle (alpha) between the rope set (1) and the horizontal plane in the tensioning state.
8. The single point mooring circular deepwater net cage of claim 7, wherein: the rope group (1) is provided with an anchor chain (11) and a second anchor rope (12); one of the ends of the anchor chain (11) is connected to one of the ends of the second anchor line (12), the other end of the anchor chain (11) serves as the lower end of the rope set (1), and the other end of the second anchor line (12) serves as the upper end of the rope set (1).
9. The single point mooring-type circular deepwater net cage according to claim 8, wherein: the rope group (1) is also provided with a universal ring (13); the end of the anchor chain (11) is connected with the end of the second anchor line (12) through the universal ring (13).
10. The single point mooring circular deepwater net cage of claim 9, wherein: the single-point double-anchor anchoring system is also provided with a buoy (8) and a buoy connecting rope (9); the flotation pontoon (8) float on Sea (SL), the flotation pontoon is connected rope (9) and is connected flotation pontoon (8) with between universal ring (13).
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| CN107136000B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-04-03 | 合肥学院 | Single-point anchoring type net cage system with netting fixing function |
| CN109673558B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-05-14 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Ship-shaped combined net cage |
| CN110214725B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2022-03-01 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Precise feeding method based on aquaculture behavior and big data mining |
| CN112434423B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-07-18 | 浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心 | Storm surge simulation method combining concentric circular grid and novel typhoon field mode |
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| CN2381125Y (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-06-07 | 成立 | Underwater floated flexible cage |
| CN2496244Y (en) * | 2001-09-30 | 2002-06-26 | 姜泽明 | Cable (pile)-anchoring structure to fix anti-storm deep-sea net-cage |
| CN201563489U (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2010-09-01 | 浙江海洋学院 | Dynamic anchoring net cage |
| CN203985563U (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | There is the deep water mesh cage of single-point mooring system |
| CN104957062A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 防城港海世通食品有限公司 | Anti-storm soft-hard submerged net cage |
| CN206713803U (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-12-08 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of single-point anchoring type circular deep water net cage |
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