CN114481959B - Anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method - Google Patents
Anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114481959B CN114481959B CN202210055464.7A CN202210055464A CN114481959B CN 114481959 B CN114481959 B CN 114481959B CN 202210055464 A CN202210055464 A CN 202210055464A CN 114481959 B CN114481959 B CN 114481959B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010618 wire wrap Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
- E02B3/26—Fenders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method, which is characterized in that a buoyancy tank is arranged at a certain distance in a water area outside a bridge structure to be protected to realize collision prevention of the bridge structure. The ship collision prevention method has the characteristics of rigidity and flexibility, can realize self-adaptive adjustment according to collision force, has good collision prevention effect, and has the advantages of independent protection, flexible collision prevention, accurate positioning, automatic retraction, lower manufacturing cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pier safety protection, in particular to a anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method.
Background
In recent years, the development of inland navigation is rapid, the number and tonnage of ships are continuously increased, once the ships deviate from the channel to strike the bridge, the impact energy is huge, the serious event of bridge damage and ship sinking is extremely easy to cause, and the demand of bridge ship collision prevention is increasingly outstanding. Various related data show that ship collision becomes one of main reasons for bridge collapse on a channel, and the problem of bridge ship collision prevention becomes a key factor for restricting safe traffic, and 8-thousand seats of China face similar threats across navigation river bridges at any time.
Set up anticollision facility to striding navigation river bridge, can avoid boats and ships direct impact bridge structure, reduce the boats and ships impact energy that transmits to bridge structure to effectively reduce pier damage risk. In recent years, various bridge collision accidents are frequent, the problem of the bridge collision is highly emphasized by the transportation department, and the bridge with high risk of the bridge collision is definitely required to be provided with anti-collision facilities.
The existing anti-collision facilities are mainly divided into independent and attached structural types. The attached anti-collision facility mainly comprises a rubber fender and an anti-collision floating box, wherein the rubber fender can only be used for preventing bridges with lower ship collision grades, and the anti-collision floating box can be flexibly designed according to the anti-collision grades. Because the attached anti-collision device is in contact with the bridge pier, although the energy of the ship impact force can be dissipated, the attenuated ship impact force can still be transferred to the bridge structure, so that certain requirements on the self-resistance of the bridge are met. In addition, under the condition of large water level amplitude of mountain river, the section adaptability of attached anti-collision facilities such as anti-collision buoyancy tanks is weak, the modeling of modern bridge piers is varied variously, from traditional round section, elliptic section, to special-shaped variable section and the like, the bridge pier section form is more and more complex, challenges are presented to the adaptability of anti-collision facilities, the existing anti-collision can only adapt to piers with non-variable cross-section bridge piers or smaller cross-section variable rate, such as patent CN108842692A, CN112431120A, CN112921790A and the like, but when the water level amplitude is larger, the anti-collision facilities can not effectively collide with special-shaped variable cross-section beams.
The independent anti-collision device is not contacted with the bridge structure and is arranged independent of the bridge structure. The conventional independent anti-collision facility is to arrange a plurality of rigid concrete pile foundations around a bridge structure fortification area, and when a ship collision bridge accident occurs, the piles (groups) can intercept the ship which collides with the bridge pier and absorb the collision energy of the ship through self-destruction. The method has the advantages that the ship collision force cannot act on the bridge structure, the bridge protection effect is good, but the method has large damage to the self structure and the ship, small anti-collision area, large civil engineering investment, long engineering period, easy quick damage of anti-collision facilities, difficult replacement and maintenance, and inadaptation to the environment with deeper water depth. In the existing independent anti-collision facilities, a buoyancy tank is adopted as a scheme of an anti-collision facility, such as a patent CN105064284B, the patent proposes a tension leg buoyancy tank type pier anti-collision protection device, a buoyancy tank is arranged around a pier, and the bottom of the buoyancy tank is connected with a underwater anchoring mechanism through a plurality of tension legs. In this way, the ship impact effect directly acts on the buoyancy tank and does not act on the bridge pier. However, the buoyancy tank is fixed in the underwater anchoring mechanism through the tension legs, and the tension legs have certain flexibility than the pile foundation, but are basically similar to a protection mode of foundation piles, the self structure and the ship are easily damaged during impact, the buoyancy tank has short service life, and the equipment adjustability and adaptability of the device are poor. In order to adapt to the water level amplitude, the length of the mooring rope needs to be adjusted through a winch arranged on the buoyancy tank, and in general, the field bridge section is difficult to realize special winch power supply, so that the application of the method is limited.
In addition, CN102926355B discloses a free-standing regional anti-collision device suitable for large water level amplitude, which consists of an anti-collision belt, buoys at two ends of the anti-collision belt and a guide well, and the anti-collision belt can adapt to free lifting of water level due to the constraint action of the guide well, but the scheme needs to set the guide well and the base groove of the anti-collision belt at the shore side, so that civil engineering investment is large, and in long-term operation, the lower base groove of the anti-collision belt and the bottom of the guide well are easy to pool, and normal lifting of the anti-collision belt is affected.
Therefore, by analyzing the current state of the art of the existing independent anti-collision device, the independent anti-collision device not only needs to have a certain anti-collision capability, but also needs to have the capability of restraining and positioning the anti-collision floating box under the condition of water level change, so how to provide an anti-collision scheme which has the characteristics of rigidity and flexibility better and can realize self-adaptive adjustment and positioning under the condition of water level change becomes a problem to be further considered and solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method has the advantages of being good in rigidity and flexibility, good in adaptability, good in adjustability and good in collision prevention effect, and has the advantages of being free-standing in protection, flexible, collision-preventing, accurate in positioning, automatic in retraction and release, low in manufacturing cost and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method is characterized in that an anchor ingot on a floating box and a lower river bed are movably connected, when the impact force of the floating box on a ship exceeds a preset size, the floating box and the anchor ingot are controlled to be fixedly connected, and energy dissipation and collision prevention are carried out in a mode of dragging the lower anchor ingot. The bridge structure to be protected is usually a pier, and the pier is used for the subsequent description.
Like this, the buoyancy tank interval pier certain distance, when the buoyancy tank receives slight striking, the buoyancy tank is promoted to be close to the pier, relies on buoyancy tank self displacement, buoyancy tank buoyancy state change and self structure elastic deformation to realize pier anticollision energy dissipation. However, when the impact force of the buoyancy tank exceeds a preset value (the preset value is obtained by taking impact and damage of the pier as a limit if the buoyancy tank and the anchor ingot are not converted into fixed materials and through stress analysis or specific experimental verification), the buoyancy tank and the anchor ingot are controlled to be converted into fixed connection, the buoyancy tank drags the anchor ingot below, the buoyancy tank drives the anchor ingot and the attached water to shift to do work, and the tank body deforms to consume the collision energy of the ship, so that the pier collision prevention is realized. So in this scheme, when the buoyancy tank receives slight striking, the buoyancy tank is full elastic state this moment, do benefit to and keep buoyancy tank stable in structure, when the buoyancy tank receives the impact force great, just convert buoyancy tank and anchor ingot thing into fixed connection, the buoyancy tank is not fixed firm full rigid state this moment yet, but the buoyancy tank can drag the anchor ingot thing and remove buffering, both do work jointly and dissipate the energy, so have the characteristics of rigidity and flexibility concurrently, the anticollision effect is good, and flexible changeable, the adaptability is good, buoyancy tank and boats and ships are less likely to receive the damage, life is longer.
Further, an elastic buffer material is arranged on the buoyancy tank (close to one side of the bridge structure), so that the buoyancy tank is impacted to move to be attached to the bridge structure to be protected (usually referred to as a pier, and the pier is used for the follow-up) and then is converted into an attached type anti-collision from an independent type anti-collision to realize energy dissipation anti-collision.
Therefore, the independent anti-collision and attached anti-collision characteristics are considered, independent anti-collision with a great buffering effect is realized by means of the anti-collision facility, and then after the buoyancy tank is impacted to be attached to the pier, energy dissipation and shock absorption of the attached anti-collision principle can be realized by means of the elastic buffering material continuously. So the protection effect on the bridge pier is greatly improved.
Further, the method is realized by a pier anti-collision system, the pier anti-collision system comprises at least one pier anti-collision device arranged on one side of a pier facing a channel, the pier anti-collision device comprises buoyancy tanks (the buoyancy tanks can be single or multiple) which are arranged on the outer side of the pier at intervals, a pulley system is arranged on the buoyancy tanks, and the pulley system at least comprises a first fixed pulley, a first cable and a locking mechanism; the first fixed pulley is fixedly arranged on the buoyancy tank; one end of the first cable is fixedly connected to an anchoring block, and the other end of the first cable bypasses the first fixed pulley and is connected with a first counterweight driving block; the anchoring block is placed on a river bed below the floating box, and the first counterweight driving block is suspended between the floating box and the river bed; the locking mechanism is arranged on the buoyancy tank, the first mooring rope passes through the locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism is used for locking and fixing the first mooring rope when detecting that the impact force of the buoyancy tank exceeds a preset value.
Thus, the gravity of the anchoring block is larger than that of the first counterweight driving block, the anchoring block is fixed on the riverbed by means of the weight of the anchoring block, the first counterweight driving block is suspended in water after bypassing the first fixed pulley by means of the first mooring rope, and the buoyancy tank floats on the water surface. Therefore, when the impact force of the buoyancy tank is smaller, the first mooring rope slides on the first fixed pulley to drive the first counterweight driving block to be pulled upwards to do work, the impact kinetic energy of the buoyancy tank is consumed, and movable anti-collision is realized. When the buoyancy tank receives the impact force to be great, locking mechanism is fixed with first hawser locking, and buoyancy tank and anchor piece control conversion are fixed connection, and the anchor piece is through hawser pulling buoyancy tank bearing impact energy dissipation, realizes fixed anticollision. And because the anchoring block is only placed on the riverbed and is not completely fixed, when the buoyancy tank is impacted excessively, the buoyancy tank can drag the anchoring block below, the anchoring block and the attached water are driven by the buoyancy tank to shift to do work, and the tank body deforms to consume the collision energy of the ship, so that the movable anti-collision is realized again. Therefore, the anti-collision device can realize the self-adaptive adjustment of at least three anti-collision energy dissipation modes according to different collision forces, the device is more flexible and changeable in use, has the characteristics of flexibility and rigidity, and can better adapt to different collision forces. Meanwhile, the buoyancy tank in the structure is not in a completely fixed arrangement mode at ordinary times, but is in a dynamic fit stable balance through the fixed pulleys by means of the anchoring block and the counterweight driving block, under natural conditions, when the water level changes, the mooring rope is automatically retracted and released through the lifting of the counterweight driving block so as to adjust the buoyancy state of the buoyancy tank, and under the action of water flow force, the water flow force is balanced through the horizontal component force of the mooring rope, so that the buoyancy tank is in a micro-drifting state. Therefore, when the weight driving block bears the influence of wind and waves, the water level changes and the like, the weight driving block can automatically retract and retract the cable rope by means of dead weight to realize height adjustment and form new stable balance so as to adapt to the influence of the fluctuation of the wind and waves and the water level changes. Therefore, the scheme has the characteristics of micro-displacement and self-driven lifting anti-collision, so that the device can be better protected, the service life is prolonged, the stability of the use state is improved, and the function of the device is not influenced by the water level. In addition, the pulley, the cable, the locking mechanism and other components actually form a positioning and restraining unit, a single buoyancy tank can be provided with one positioning and restraining unit, and a plurality of positioning and restraining units can be arranged on one buoyancy tank flexibly according to the condition of the buoyancy tank. When the buoyancy tank is specifically arranged, the maximum fluctuation offset distance of the buoyancy tank can be calculated through the rope length, the water depth and the cable angle so as to set the distance from the position of the anchoring block to the pier, the buoyancy tank is restrained in an effective facility area, and the specific calculation process is the prior art and is not described in detail herein. Of course, during implementation, the method can also be realized by adopting anti-collision devices with other structures, for example, an elastic connecting rod is vertically upwards arranged on the anchor ingot, the connecting rod vertically penetrates through the buoyancy tank, and when the buoyancy tank is impacted, the connecting rod is locked and the anchor ingot is dragged to move forward to realize energy dissipation and anti-collision. But this approach does not provide the impact protection and flexibility as described above with respect to the cable.
Further, the pier anti-collision system comprises a plurality of pier anti-collision devices which are arranged at intervals along an arc shape and are flexibly connected with each other.
When the single pier anti-collision device is impacted, other devices can be driven to jointly bear force to prevent collision, and the protection of the piers is better realized.
Further, elastic tension films are also transversely connected between the adjacent pier anti-collision devices on the lower half parts of the respective first cables.
Therefore, in the process that the bridge pier anti-collision devices are impacted and moved, a large amount of attached water displacement acting energy dissipation can be pulled backwards through the elastic tension film, and meanwhile the elastic tension energy dissipation is generated by the tension film. Therefore, the whole flexible anti-collision capability of the system can be greatly improved.
Further, the locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel coaxially and fixedly arranged with the first fixed pulley, and further comprises a pendulum bob arranged below the ratchet wheel, wherein the upper end of the pendulum bob is swingably suspended on a fulcrum fixed on the buoyancy tank through a pendulum bob handle, a clamping plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pendulum bob handle in an inclined mode and is abutted to the ratchet wheel, and when the buoyancy tank is impacted by impact force exceeding the inertia action of the pendulum bob, the pendulum bob swings to enable the clamping plate at the upper end to rotate and fall into a ratchet of the ratchet wheel to be hung.
Therefore, when the buoyancy tank is in a static state, the ratchet wheel does not interfere with the clamping plate at the upper end of the pendulum bob, and the rolling of the first fixed pulley is not affected. When the buoyancy tank is impacted excessively, the swing angle of the pendulum bob is large enough, so that the clamping plate can rotate into the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel and hang the ratchet teeth, and the first fixed pulley is locked. The mechanical structure is adopted to realize locking, electric control is not needed, the structure is simple and ingenious, locking is reliable, unlocking is convenient (after that unlocking can be realized by only reversely rotating the fixed pulley to enable the pendulum to fall down). And the adjustment of the impact reaction force of the buoyancy tank can be conveniently realized by setting the dead weight of the pendulum bob. And the first fixed pulley is locked to lock the cable, so that the cable is not completely locked, but the cable is locked to fix due to the fact that the first fixed pulley is locked to be unable to rotate when the buoyancy tank is impacted within a certain range beyond a set value. However, when the buoyancy tank is impacted very much and exceeds a preset range, the cable can also do sliding friction on the first fixed pulley, so that the first counterweight driving block can also be pulled upwards to jointly do work and dissipate energy by means of the sliding friction of the cable when the lower end of the cable pulls the anchoring block to do work and dissipate energy. Therefore, the energy dissipation and energy consumption effect of the device in the limit state can be better improved, and the anti-collision effect is improved.
Further, the pendulum comprises a hanging basket and a plurality of balancing weights mounted on the hanging basket.
Therefore, the adjustment of the impact locking reaction force of the buoyancy tank is conveniently realized through the increase and decrease of the counterweight driving block.
Further, the pendulum is arranged in a pendulum installation cavity below the first fixed pulley, and the upper end of the pendulum handle penetrates out of an opening at the upper end of the pendulum installation cavity and is fixedly connected with the clamping plate.
Therefore, the pendulum bob can be better protected, the limit of the swing angle of the pendulum bob can be realized by means of the opening, and the clamping plate of the pendulum bob and the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel are prevented from being stressed to enable the pendulum bob to continuously rotate to unlock after being hung, so that the lock of a locking state can be realized. Unlocking can only be achieved by rotating the first fixed pulley in the backward direction.
Further, the first fixed pulley is provided with a rope groove in a spiral winding state, and the first cable is wound in the rope groove at least one circle.
In this way, the friction can be increased by the action of the wire wrap and the rope groove, better improving the locking effect of the first fixed sheave on the first cable.
Further, the first fixed pulley comprises a cylindrical inner core which is horizontally arranged, a plurality of arc plates which are arranged outside the inner core in a surrounding mode, the inner core surface is provided with buffers which are opposite to the arc plates along the diameter direction of the cross section circle, the buffers are provided with telescopic outward supporting handles, and the arc plates are fixed at the outer ends of the supporting handles and are spaced a certain distance from the inner core.
This is because when the buoyancy tank is impacted, the first rope and the first fixed pulley are subjected to a very large impact force, and damage is easily caused. Therefore, when the first fixed pulley is locked, the first cable is tightly pressed by the arc-shaped plate, so that the first cable is tightly pressed inwards to realize buffering, the damage of the tension force of the first cable and the pressure force of the first fixed pulley, which are tightly pressed, are greatly relieved, and the reliability, the stability and the service life of the device are well ensured.
Further, the shock absorber is a hydraulic damper. The hydraulic damper can act and buffer under a larger force, so that the characteristics and the requirements can be better met.
Further, a vertical strip-shaped Kong Gongdi cable penetrates out at a position where the first cable is connected with one end of the first counterweight driving block, and a vertical conical Kong Gongdi cable penetrates out at a position where the first cable is connected with one end of the anchoring block.
Therefore, when the anti-collision device is arranged, the anti-collision device is influenced by water waves, wind power and the like and the requirements of device function realization are met, and the anchoring block is arranged in a direction which is far away from the pier relative to the buoyancy tank, so that the structure is adapted and matched with the layout position of each component, the position layout of each component is better facilitated, and the mooring rope can be better protected.
Further, a winding protection cylinder is arranged below the conical hole, and the first cable downwards passes through the winding protection cylinder and then is downwards connected to the anchoring block.
Therefore, as one side of the first cable connected with the anchoring block is positioned at the front position closer to the channel, after the winding protection cylinder is arranged, the winding of floating objects can be effectively prevented, and the normal function of the cable is ensured.
Further, the pulley system further comprises a movable pulley, a second counterweight driving block and two second fixed pulleys, wherein the movable pulley is arranged on a sliding block, the sliding block can horizontally slide in the front-back direction (the direction far away from the bridge pier is forward, the opposite direction is backward) at the middle part of the buoyancy tank, the first fixed pulley and the second fixed pulley are positioned at one end of the sliding direction of the sliding block, the other second fixed pulley is positioned at the other end of the sliding direction of the sliding block, the first cable is connected with the first fixed pulley and then bypasses the movable pulley, and is wound on the second fixed pulley close to the first fixed pulley in a U shape and then hangs the first counterweight driving block downwards, a second cable is fixedly connected to the movable pulley, and the second cable bypasses the second fixed pulley far away from the first fixed pulley and then hangs downwards to connect the second counterweight driving block.
Like this, through two counter weight drive blocks that set up along the flotation tank fore-and-aft direction, can adjust the flotation tank stability better, when the flotation tank receives wave or wind-force effect no matter when rocking forward or backward, can all have counter weight drive block on opposite direction can rely on dead weight and inertia to play the effect of stable flotation tank. Therefore, the buoyancy tank cannot be easily influenced by waves and wind power to drift away due to fluctuation displacement, the overall stability of the device is better, and the pier protection effect can be better improved.
Further, the first counter weight drive block mass is greater than the second counter weight drive block, the length of the second cable above the second counter weight drive block in the vertical suspension section is less than the length of the first cable above the first counter weight drive block in the vertical suspension section and less than the historical shallowest water level height (of the device set-up position).
This is because the fluctuation of the water level is greater than the water level depth in the dead water period because of the large water level variation in the dead water period and the high water period in many river courses. In this case, the single weight driving block has the defect that the rope is too long in the dead water period, so that the weight driving block is sunk, and the rope is not long enough in the water period because of the too high water level. Therefore, after the scheme is adopted, the first mooring rope can be provided with a sufficient length to meet the use requirement of the water rising period, and the first counterweight driving block and the second counterweight driving block are in a suspended state in the period of higher water level, so that the first counterweight driving block has larger mass and can play a leading role in adjustment. Meanwhile, in the dry period, the first counterweight driving block can bottom out and lose effect, and the second counterweight driving block is still in a hanging state and takes a dominant role at the moment, so that the balance of the buoyancy tank can still be maintained by means of the second counterweight driving block, and the device function is continuously realized. Thus, the device can realize self-adaptive adjustment better to meet the use requirements of different water levels. In the specific implementation, the maximum fluctuation drift distance of the buoyancy tank can be calculated and determined according to the suspension and bottoming conditions of the first counterweight driving block, so that the anchoring point position of the anchoring block is determined, the protection effect of the device is better ensured, and the specific calculation process is in the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
Further, the sliding block is arranged in a sliding groove which is horizontally arranged. In this way, it is possible to more conveniently slide.
Further, the middle position of the upper part of the buoyancy tank is provided with an installation bin, the first fixed pulley, the movable pulley and the second fixed pulley are all installed in the installation bin, and the upper end of the installation bin is provided with a manhole. Thus, the equipment is conveniently protected and overhauling is realized.
Further, at least two front and rear sides of the upper part of the buoyancy tank are respectively provided with a partition, and the lower end of the outer side of the partition is provided with a water filling and draining hole.
Like this, in the buoyancy tank receives the striking in-process, the buoyancy tank forward motion can be drawn down heavy part to the surface of water below under the pulling force effect of hawser, and the compartment can be through filling drainage Kong Jinshui this moment, reduces the buoyancy of buoyancy tank, alleviates hawser pulling force in order to protect equipment better. When the tension of the cable is insufficient, the buoyancy tank floats upwards, the water filling and draining holes are above the water surface line, water in the compartment is drained, the buoyancy is increased, and the balance state is achieved again.
Further, elastic buffer materials are arranged on the periphery of the buoyancy tank. Therefore, after the buoyancy tank is impacted and moved to be attached to the bridge structure to be protected, the independent anti-collision is converted into the attached anti-collision to realize energy dissipation anti-collision.
In addition, in the implementation, the buoyancy tank can be used as a basic unit of an anti-collision facility, and a ship anti-collision interception belt is formed by arranging a plurality of basic units; or manufacturing a large anti-collision floating box, and limiting the position of the large anti-collision floating box through a plurality of anchor ingots to ensure that the large anti-collision floating box is in an anti-collision area. The bridge pier is flexibly arranged in various modes such as a straight line, a ring shape, a circular arc shape and the like according to the bridge pier form and the anti-collision requirement. Therefore, the application also has the following characteristics: and 1, an independent anti-collision device does not depend on the self resistance of a bridge structure. 2. The flexible energy dissipation is realized by utilizing the floating state change, structural deformation, anchor ingot displacement and attachment water acting and energy dissipation of the anti-collision buoyancy tank. 3. The cost is low, and the investment of civil engineering is basically not needed. 4. The scene adaptability is strong. 5. The method has small influence on navigation and flood control. 6. Can be set into various types according to the needs, and has beautiful appearance. 7. The anti-collision floating box is convenient to overhaul, and can be transported to the shore in a floating way, and overhaul is carried out after the water level falls.
Therefore, the anti-collision protection mode for the bridge pier has the characteristics of rigidity and flexibility, can realize self-adaptive adjustment according to collision force, has good anti-collision effect, and has the advantages of independent protection, flexible anti-collision, accurate positioning, automatic retraction, lower manufacturing cost and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pier collision preventing device in embodiment 1, in which arrows indicate water flow directions.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 1 at a single first fixed sheave.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the first fixed pulley in fig. 2 in a locked state, and an arrow in the figure indicates an impacted direction.
Fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a pier collision preventing device in embodiment 2, in which arrows indicate water flow directions.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a first weight driving block of fig. 5 in a sinking state.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of another pier collision preventing device arranged in a ring shape.
Fig. 8 is A-A view of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Specific example 1: the anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method is characterized in that the floating boxes are movably connected with anchor ingots on a river bed below through floating boxes arranged at a certain distance in a water area outside a bridge structure to be protected, and when the impact force of the floating boxes on a ship exceeds a preset size, the floating boxes and the anchor ingots are controlled to be fixedly connected and energy dissipation and collision prevention are carried out in a mode of dragging the anchor ingots below.
Like this, the buoyancy tank interval pier certain distance, when the buoyancy tank receives slight striking, the buoyancy tank is promoted to be close to the pier, relies on buoyancy tank self displacement, buoyancy tank buoyancy state change and self structure elastic deformation to realize pier anticollision energy dissipation. However, when the impact force of the buoyancy tank exceeds a preset value (the preset value is obtained by taking impact and damage of the pier as a limit if the buoyancy tank and the anchor ingot are not converted into fixed materials and through stress analysis or specific experimental verification), the buoyancy tank and the anchor ingot are controlled to be converted into fixed connection, the buoyancy tank drags the anchor ingot below, the buoyancy tank drives the anchor ingot and the attached water to shift to do work, and the tank body deforms to consume the collision energy of the ship, so that the pier collision prevention is realized. So in this scheme, when the buoyancy tank receives slight striking, the buoyancy tank is full elastic state this moment, do benefit to and keep buoyancy tank stable in structure, when the buoyancy tank receives the impact force great, just convert buoyancy tank and anchor ingot thing into fixed connection, the buoyancy tank is not fixed firm full rigid state this moment yet, but the buoyancy tank can drag the anchor ingot thing and remove buffering, both do work jointly and dissipate the energy, so have the characteristics of rigidity and flexibility concurrently, the anticollision effect is good, and flexible changeable, the adaptability is good, buoyancy tank and boats and ships are less likely to receive the damage, life is longer.
The elastic buffer material is arranged on the buoyancy tank (close to one side of the bridge structure) so that the buoyancy tank is impacted to move to be attached to the bridge structure to be protected, and the independent anti-collision is converted into the attached anti-collision to realize energy dissipation anti-collision.
Therefore, the independent anti-collision and attached anti-collision characteristics are considered, independent anti-collision with a great buffering effect is realized by means of the anti-collision facility, and then after the buoyancy tank is impacted to be attached to the pier, energy dissipation and shock absorption of the attached anti-collision principle can be realized by means of the elastic buffering material continuously. So the protection effect on the bridge pier is greatly improved.
Specifically, in this embodiment 1, the present invention is implemented by a pier collision avoidance system shown in fig. 1 to 4, where the pier collision avoidance system includes at least one pier collision avoidance device disposed on a side of a pier facing a channel, the pier collision avoidance device includes a buoyancy tank 1 disposed at an outer side of the pier at intervals, a pulley system is disposed on the buoyancy tank 1, and the pulley system includes at least one first fixed pulley 2, one first cable 3, and one locking mechanism; the first fixed pulley 2 is fixedly arranged on the buoyancy tank 1; one end of the first cable 3 is fixedly connected to an anchor block 4, and the other end of the first cable bypasses the first fixed pulley 2 and is connected with a first counterweight driving block 5; the anchoring block 4 is placed on a riverbed below the buoyancy tank, and the first counterweight driving block 5 is suspended between the buoyancy tank 1 and the riverbed; the locking mechanism is arranged on the buoyancy tank 1, the first mooring rope 3 passes through the locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism is used for locking and fixing the first mooring rope 3 when the buoyancy tank is detected to be impacted with force exceeding a preset value.
Thus, the gravity of the anchoring block is larger than that of the first counterweight driving block, the anchoring block is fixed on the riverbed by means of the weight of the anchoring block, the first counterweight driving block is suspended in water after bypassing the first fixed pulley by means of the first mooring rope, and the buoyancy tank floats on the water surface. Therefore, when the impact force of the buoyancy tank is smaller, the first mooring rope slides on the first fixed pulley to drive the first counterweight driving block to be pulled upwards to do work, the impact kinetic energy of the buoyancy tank is consumed, and movable anti-collision is realized. When the buoyancy tank receives the impact force to be great, locking mechanism is fixed with first hawser locking, and buoyancy tank and anchor piece control conversion are fixed connection, and the anchor piece is through hawser pulling buoyancy tank bearing impact energy dissipation, realizes fixed anticollision. And because the anchoring block is only placed on the riverbed and is not completely fixed, when the buoyancy tank is impacted excessively, the buoyancy tank can drag the anchoring block below, the anchoring block and the attached water are driven by the buoyancy tank to shift to do work, and the tank body deforms to consume the collision energy of the ship, so that the movable anti-collision is realized again. Therefore, the anti-collision device can realize the self-adaptive adjustment of at least three anti-collision energy dissipation modes according to different collision forces, the device is more flexible and changeable in use, has the characteristics of flexibility and rigidity, and can better adapt to different collision forces. Meanwhile, in the structure, the buoyancy tank is not in a completely fixed arrangement mode at ordinary times, but is in dynamic fit stable balance through the fixed pulleys by means of the anchoring block and the counterweight driving block, so that when the buoyancy tank is subjected to the influence of wind waves, water level change and other conditions, the counterweight driving block can automatically retract and release a cable rope by means of dead weight to realize height adjustment and form new stable balance so as to adapt to the influence of the fluctuation of the wind waves and the water level change. Therefore, the device can be better protected, the service life is prolonged, the stability of the use state is improved, and the functions of the device are not influenced by the water level. When the buoyancy tank is specifically arranged, the maximum fluctuation offset distance of the buoyancy tank can be calculated through the rope length, the water depth and the cable angle so as to set the distance from the position of the anchoring block to the pier, the buoyancy tank is restrained in an effective facility area, and the specific calculation process is the prior art and is not described in detail herein. Of course, during implementation, the method can also be realized by adopting anti-collision devices with other structures, for example, an elastic connecting rod is vertically upwards arranged on the anchor ingot, the connecting rod vertically penetrates through the buoyancy tank, and when the buoyancy tank is impacted, the connecting rod is locked and the anchor ingot is dragged to move forward to realize energy dissipation and anti-collision. But this approach does not provide the impact protection and flexibility as described above with respect to the cable.
The bridge pier anti-collision system comprises a plurality of bridge pier anti-collision devices which are arranged at intervals along an arc shape, and the adjacent bridge pier anti-collision devices are flexibly connected.
When the single pier anti-collision device is impacted, other devices can be driven to jointly bear force to prevent collision, and the protection of the piers is better realized. In the concrete implementation, as other modes, the buoyancy tanks can be rigidly connected, and the concrete arrangement mode of the buoyancy tanks can also be arc-shaped, straight-line-shaped or circular-ring-shaped around the bridge pier, and the like.
Wherein, elastic tension films (not shown in the figure) are also transversely connected between the adjacent pier collision avoidance devices on the lower half parts of the respective first cables 3.
Therefore, in the process that the bridge pier anti-collision devices are impacted and moved, a large amount of attached water displacement acting energy dissipation can be pulled backwards through the elastic tension film, and meanwhile the elastic tension energy dissipation is generated by the tension film. Therefore, the whole flexible anti-collision capability of the system can be greatly improved.
The locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel 6 coaxially and fixedly arranged with the first fixed pulley, and further comprises a pendulum 7 arranged below the ratchet wheel, wherein the upper end of the pendulum is swingably suspended on a fulcrum fixed on the buoyancy tank through a pendulum handle, a clamping plate 8 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pendulum handle in an inclined mode and is abutted against the ratchet wheel 6, and when the buoyancy tank is impacted by impact force exceeding the inertia effect of the pendulum, the pendulum 7 swings to enable the clamping plate at the upper end to rotate and fall into the ratchet of the ratchet wheel to be hung.
Therefore, when the buoyancy tank is in a static state, the ratchet wheel does not interfere with the clamping plate at the upper end of the pendulum bob, and the rolling of the first fixed pulley is not affected. When the buoyancy tank is impacted excessively, the swing angle of the pendulum bob is large enough, so that the clamping plate can rotate into the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel and hang the ratchet teeth, and the first fixed pulley is locked. The mechanical structure is adopted to realize locking, electric control is not needed, the structure is simple and ingenious, locking is reliable, unlocking is convenient (after that unlocking can be realized by only reversely rotating the fixed pulley to enable the pendulum to fall down). And the adjustment of the impact reaction force of the buoyancy tank can be conveniently realized by setting the dead weight of the pendulum bob. And the first fixed pulley is locked to lock the cable, so that the cable is not completely locked, but the cable is locked to fix due to the fact that the first fixed pulley is locked to be unable to rotate when the buoyancy tank is impacted within a certain range beyond a set value. However, when the buoyancy tank is impacted very much and exceeds a preset range, the cable can also do sliding friction on the first fixed pulley, so that the first counterweight driving block can also be pulled upwards to jointly do work and dissipate energy by means of the sliding friction of the cable when the lower end of the cable pulls the anchoring block to do work and dissipate energy. Therefore, the energy dissipation and energy consumption effect of the device in the limit state can be better improved, and the anti-collision effect is improved.
Wherein the pendulum 7 comprises a basket and a plurality of weights (not shown) mounted on the basket.
Therefore, the adjustment of the impact locking reaction force of the buoyancy tank is conveniently realized through the increase and decrease of the counterweight driving block.
The pendulum bob 7 is arranged in a pendulum bob installation cavity 9 below the first fixed pulley, and the upper end of the pendulum bob handle penetrates out of an opening at the upper end of the pendulum bob installation cavity 9 and is fixedly connected with the clamping plate.
Therefore, the pendulum bob can be better protected, the limit of the swing angle of the pendulum bob can be realized by means of the opening, and the clamping plate of the pendulum bob and the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel are prevented from being stressed to enable the pendulum bob to continuously rotate to unlock after being hung, so that the lock of a locking state can be realized. Unlocking can only be achieved by rotating the first fixed pulley in the backward direction.
Wherein the first fixed pulley 2 is provided with a rope groove 10 in a spiral winding state, and the first cable 3 is wound in the rope groove 10 at least one turn.
In this way, the friction can be increased by the action of the wire wrap and the rope groove, better improving the locking effect of the first fixed sheave on the first cable.
The first fixed pulley 2 comprises a cylindrical inner core 11 which is horizontally arranged, a plurality of arc plates 12 which are arranged outside the inner core in a surrounding mode, a buffer 13 is arranged on the surface of the inner core 11 opposite to each arc plate along the diameter direction of the section circle, the buffer 13 is provided with a telescopic outward supporting handle, and the arc plates 12 are fixed at the outer end of the supporting handle and are spaced a certain distance from the inner core.
This is because when the buoyancy tank is impacted, the first rope and the first fixed pulley are subjected to a very large impact force, and damage is easily caused. Therefore, when the first fixed pulley is locked, the first cable is tightly pressed by the arc-shaped plate, so that the first cable is tightly pressed inwards to realize buffering, the damage of the tension force of the first cable and the pressure force of the first fixed pulley, which are tightly pressed, are greatly relieved, and the reliability, the stability and the service life of the device are well ensured.
The damper 13 is a hydraulic damper. The hydraulic damper can act and buffer under a larger force, so that the characteristics and the requirements can be better met. The specific structure of the product can be obtained by directly purchasing the existing product, and the specific structure is not described in detail.
Wherein, a vertical strip Kong Gongdi is arranged at the position on the buoyancy tank 1 where the first cable 3 is connected with one end of the first counterweight driving block 5, and a cable 3 is arranged at the position on the buoyancy tank 1 where the first cable 3 is connected with one end of the anchoring block 4, and a vertical cone Kong Gongdi is arranged at the position where the first cable 3 is connected with one end of the anchoring block 4.
Therefore, when the anti-collision device is arranged, the anti-collision device is influenced by water waves, wind power and the like and the requirements of device function realization are met, and the anchoring block is arranged in a direction which is far away from the pier relative to the buoyancy tank, so that the structure is adapted and matched with the layout position of each component, the position layout of each component is better facilitated, and the mooring rope can be better protected.
Wherein, still be provided with a protection section of thick bamboo 14 below the bell mouth, first hawser passes a protection section of thick bamboo 14 downwards and then connects to the anchor piece downwards.
Therefore, as one side of the first cable connected with the anchoring block is positioned at the front position closer to the channel, after the winding protection cylinder is arranged, the winding of floating objects can be effectively prevented, and the normal function of the cable is ensured.
Embodiment 2 differs from embodiment 1 only in that the pulley system on the pier collision prevention device is further improved, and the rest is the same as embodiment 1. Referring to fig. 5-6, in this embodiment, the pulley system further includes a movable pulley 15, a second counterweight driving block 16 and two second fixed pulleys 17, where the movable pulley 15 is mounted on a sliding block 18, the sliding block 18 can be horizontally slidably disposed in the middle of the buoyancy tank along the front-rear direction (the direction away from the bridge pier is forward, and the opposite direction is backward), the first fixed pulley 2 and the second fixed pulley 17 are located at one end of the sliding block 18 in the sliding direction, the other second fixed pulley is located at the other end of the sliding block 18 in the sliding direction, the first cable 3 is connected from the first fixed pulley 2, bypasses the movable pulley 15, and is wound around the second fixed pulley close to the first fixed pulley in a U shape, then hangs the first counterweight driving block 5 downward, and a second cable 19 is fixedly connected to the movable pulley 15, where the second cable 19 bypasses the second fixed pulley far from the first fixed pulley, and then hangs downward and connects the second counterweight driving block 16. The reference numerals in the figure are a buoyancy tank 1, a first fixed pulley 2, a first cable 3, an anchoring block 4 and a first counterweight driving block 5.
Like this, through two counter weight drive blocks that set up along the flotation tank fore-and-aft direction, can adjust the flotation tank stability better, when the flotation tank receives wave or wind-force effect no matter when rocking forward or backward, can all have counter weight drive block on opposite direction can rely on dead weight and inertia to play the effect of stable flotation tank. Therefore, the buoyancy tank cannot be easily influenced by waves and wind power to drift away due to fluctuation displacement, the overall stability of the device is better, and the pier protection effect can be better improved.
Wherein the first weight driving block 5 has a mass greater than the second weight driving block 16, and the length of the second cable 19 above the second weight driving block 16 in the vertical suspension section is smaller than the length of the first cable 3 above the first weight driving block 5 in the vertical suspension section and smaller than the historic shallowest water level height (of the device setting position).
This is because the fluctuation of the water level is greater than the water level depth in the dead water period because of the large water level variation in the dead water period and the high water period in many river courses. In this case, the single weight driving block has the defect that the rope is too long in the dead water period, so that the weight driving block is sunk, and the rope is not long enough in the water period because of the too high water level. Therefore, after the scheme is adopted, the first cable can be provided with a sufficient length to meet the use requirement of the flood period, and in the period of higher water level (see fig. 5), the first counterweight driving block and the second counterweight driving block are in a suspended state, and the first counterweight driving block has larger mass and can play a leading role in adjustment. Meanwhile, in the dry period (see fig. 6), the first counterweight driving block can bottom out and lose function, and the second counterweight driving block is still in a hanging state and is dominant, so that the balance of the buoyancy tank can still be maintained by the second counterweight driving block, and the device function can be continuously realized. Thus, the device can realize self-adaptive adjustment better to meet the use requirements of different water levels. In the specific implementation, the maximum fluctuation drift distance of the buoyancy tank can be calculated and determined according to the suspension and bottoming conditions of the first counterweight driving block, so that the anchoring point position of the anchoring block is determined, the protection effect of the device is better ensured, and the specific calculation process is in the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
Wherein the slide 18 is mounted in a horizontally disposed chute 20. In this way, it is possible to more conveniently slide.
Wherein, the upper portion intermediate position of buoyancy tank 1 is provided with installation storehouse 21, first fixed pulley, movable pulley, second fixed pulley are all installed in the installation storehouse, and the installation storehouse upper end is opened has manhole 24. Thus, the equipment is conveniently protected and overhauling is realized.
Wherein, at least the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the buoyancy tank 1 are respectively provided with a compartment 22, and the lower end of the outer side of the compartment is provided with a water filling and draining hole 23.
Like this, in the buoyancy tank receives the striking in-process, the buoyancy tank forward motion can be drawn down heavy part to the surface of water below under the pulling force effect of hawser, and the compartment can be through filling drainage Kong Jinshui this moment, reduces the buoyancy of buoyancy tank, alleviates hawser pulling force in order to protect equipment better. When the tension of the cable is insufficient, the buoyancy tank floats upwards, the water filling and draining holes are above the water surface line, water in the compartment is drained, the buoyancy is increased, and the balance state is achieved again.
Wherein, elastic buffer materials (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the periphery of the buoyancy tank 1. Therefore, after the buoyancy tank is impacted and moved to be attached to the bridge structure to be protected, the independent anti-collision is converted into the attached anti-collision to realize energy dissipation anti-collision.
In addition, in the implementation, the buoyancy tank can be used as a basic unit of an anti-collision facility, and a ship anti-collision interception belt is formed by arranging a plurality of basic units; or manufacturing a large anti-collision floating box, and limiting the position of the large anti-collision floating box through a plurality of anchor ingots to ensure that the large anti-collision floating box is in an anti-collision area. The bridge pier is flexibly arranged in various modes such as a straight line, a ring shape, a circular arc shape and the like according to the bridge pier form and the anti-collision requirement. For example, fig. 7 and 8 illustrate a preferred embodiment in which the buoyancy tank is arranged in a ring shape, as shown in the drawings, the buoyancy tank 1 is integrally formed in a ring shape and is arranged around the pier 30, an elastic buffer member 31 is arranged along the ring shape on one side of the buoyancy tank close to the pier, a first counterweight driving block 5 suspended below the buoyancy tank is connected with a first cable 3 and bypasses a fixed pulley device on the buoyancy tank, and then is obliquely downward connected with an anchoring block 4 placed on a riverbed at a position far away from the pier, and the first counterweight driving block 5, the first cable 3 and the anchoring block 4 are arranged in a plurality of groups and are annularly arranged around the buoyancy tank. The remaining structure may be the same as that of the above-described embodiments 1 and 2. Therefore, maintenance in any direction in the whole circumferential direction can be realized, and the protection effect on the bridge pier can be better improved.
Therefore, the application also has the following characteristics: and 1, an independent anti-collision device does not depend on the self resistance of a bridge structure. 2. The flexible energy dissipation is realized by utilizing the floating state change, structural deformation, anchor ingot displacement and attachment water acting and energy dissipation of the anti-collision buoyancy tank. 3. The cost is low, and the investment of civil engineering is basically not needed. 4. The scene adaptability is strong. 5. The method has small influence on navigation and flood control. 6. Can be set into various types according to the needs, and has beautiful appearance. 7. The anti-collision floating box is convenient to overhaul, and can be transported to the shore in a floating way, and overhaul is carried out after the water level falls.
Claims (7)
1. An anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method is characterized in that a buoyancy tank is movably connected with an anchor ingot on a river bed below the buoyancy tank, when the buoyancy tank is impacted by a ship to exceed a preset size, the buoyancy tank and the anchor ingot are controlled to be fixedly connected, and energy dissipation and collision prevention are carried out in a mode of dragging the anchor ingot below the buoyancy tank;
The method is realized by a pier anti-collision system, the pier anti-collision system comprises at least one pier anti-collision device arranged on one side of a pier facing a channel, the pier anti-collision device comprises a buoyancy tank which is arranged on the outer side of the pier at intervals, a pulley system is arranged on the buoyancy tank, and the pulley system at least comprises a first fixed pulley, a first cable and a locking mechanism; the first fixed pulley is fixedly arranged on the buoyancy tank; one end of the first cable is fixedly connected to an anchoring block, and the other end of the first cable bypasses the first fixed pulley and is connected with a first counterweight driving block; the anchoring block is placed on a river bed below the floating box, and the first counterweight driving block is suspended between the floating box and the river bed; the locking mechanism is arranged on the buoyancy tank, and the first cable is locked and fixed by the locking mechanism when the first cable passes through the locking mechanism and the locking mechanism is used for detecting that the impact force of the buoyancy tank exceeds a preset value;
The locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel coaxially and fixedly arranged with the first fixed pulley, and further comprises a pendulum bob arranged below the ratchet wheel, wherein the upper end of the pendulum bob is suspended on a fulcrum fixed on the buoyancy tank in a swinging way through a pendulum bob handle, the upper end of the pendulum bob handle is fixedly connected with a clamping plate in an inclined way and is abutted against the ratchet wheel, and when the buoyancy tank is impacted by impact force exceeding the inertia action of the pendulum bob, the pendulum bob swings to enable the clamping plate at the upper end to rotate and fall into a ratchet of the ratchet wheel to be suspended;
The pendulum bob comprises a hanging basket and a plurality of balancing weights arranged on the hanging basket;
The pendulum bob is arranged in a pendulum bob installation cavity below the first fixed pulley, and the upper end of the pendulum bob handle penetrates out of an opening at the upper end of the pendulum bob installation cavity and is fixedly connected with the clamping plate;
the first fixed pulley is provided with a rope groove in a spiral winding state, and the first cable is wound in the rope groove for at least one circle.
2. The anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method according to claim 1, wherein an elastic buffer material is arranged on the buoyancy tank, so that after the buoyancy tank is impacted and moved to be attached to a bridge structure to be protected, the self-independent collision prevention is converted into the attached collision prevention, and the energy dissipation collision prevention is realized.
3. The anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method according to claim 1, wherein the pier collision prevention system comprises a plurality of pier collision prevention devices which are arranged at intervals of a pier and along an arc shape, and the adjacent pier collision prevention devices are flexibly connected;
elastic tension films are also transversely connected between the adjacent pier anti-collision devices on the lower half parts of the respective first mooring ropes.
4. The anchoring self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first fixed pulley comprises a cylindrical inner core which is horizontally arranged, a plurality of arc plates which are arranged outside the inner core in a surrounding manner, the inner core surface is opposite to each arc plate along the diameter direction of the cross section circle, a buffer is arranged on each arc plate, the buffer is provided with a telescopic outward supporting handle, and the arc plates are fixed at the outer end of the supporting handle and are spaced a certain distance from the inner core;
the buffer is a hydraulic damper.
5. The anchoring self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method according to claim 1, wherein a vertical strip-shaped Kong Gongdi cable penetrating is arranged on the floating box at a position where the first cable is connected with one end of the first counterweight driving block, and a vertical conical Kong Gongdi cable penetrating is arranged on the floating box at a position where the first cable is connected with one end of the anchoring block;
a winding protection cylinder is arranged below the conical hole, and the first cable downwards passes through the winding protection cylinder and then downwards connects to the anchoring block.
6. The anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method according to claim 1, wherein the pulley system further comprises a movable pulley, a second counterweight driving block and two second fixed pulleys, the movable pulley is arranged on one sliding block, the sliding block is horizontally and slidably arranged in the middle of the buoyancy tank along the front-back direction, the first fixed pulley and one second fixed pulley are positioned at one end of the sliding block in the sliding direction, the other second fixed pulley is positioned at the other end of the sliding block in the sliding direction, the first cable is connected with the first fixed pulley, bypasses the movable pulley, and is wound around the second fixed pulley close to the first fixed pulley in a U shape, then hangs downwards the first counterweight driving block, and a second cable is fixedly connected to the movable pulley, and is connected with the second counterweight driving block in a downward hanging manner after bypassing the second fixed pulley far away from the first fixed pulley;
The mass of the first counterweight driving block is larger than that of the second counterweight driving block, and the length of a second cable above the second counterweight driving block in the vertical suspension section is smaller than that of a first cable above the first counterweight driving block in the vertical suspension section and smaller than the historical shallowest water level.
7. The anchoring type self-adaptive water level lifting ship collision prevention method according to claim 6, wherein a mounting bin is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the buoyancy tank, the first fixed pulley, the movable pulley and the second fixed pulley are all mounted in the mounting bin, and a manhole is formed at the upper end of the mounting bin;
at least two front and rear sides of the upper part of the buoyancy tank are respectively provided with a compartment, and the lower end of the outer side of the compartment is provided with a water filling and draining hole;
Elastic buffer materials are arranged on the periphery of the buoyancy tank.
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