CN209268045U - An intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea - Google Patents

An intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea Download PDF

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CN209268045U
CN209268045U CN201821998479.2U CN201821998479U CN209268045U CN 209268045 U CN209268045 U CN 209268045U CN 201821998479 U CN201821998479 U CN 201821998479U CN 209268045 U CN209268045 U CN 209268045U
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tea
picking
leaf
steel wheel
collection
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石元值
马立锋
伊晓云
张群峰
倪康
刘美雅
阮建云
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Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

A kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine, belongs to agricultural machinery technological field.Including picker, collection leaf device and control device, it is characterised in that: the picker includes 2 picking heads and 2 groups of scalable mechanical arms;The picking head includes the base body that external form is in dustpan shape, steel wheel with groove is arranged in base body, it is equipped with an annular wire rope in the groove of steel wheel, drives steel wheel operating to drive annular wire rope high-speed mobile to realize bud being cut in a manner of wire cutting slightly high-speed motor.The utility model realizes the ecosystem of bud-leaf in Famous High-quality Tea Mechaniaed harvest, bud-leaf size optionalization, picking process intelligence, picking rate high efficiency.

Description

一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机An intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea

技术领域technical field

本发明属于农业机械技术领域,尤其涉及一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea.

背景技术Background technique

茶叶是我国重要经济作物之一,是广大山区特别是中西部地区农民增收的重要途径,是茶区农村经济的重要支柱。据统计,全国有10个产茶省、300多个产茶县(市)将茶产业列为农业的支柱产业。然而近年来,随着产业结构的调整和农村劳动力的大量向沿海及城镇第二、三产业转移,我国茶叶“采工荒”愈演愈烈,名优绿茶采工短缺、失采严重。据估计,仅浙江省在用工高峰时采摘劳力缺口在50万人以上,采摘工费等成本持续走高。有部分茶叶企业由于缺少足够的采茶工,大量茶叶留在树上无法及时采下,有的甚至采下部分不足十分之一,造成了资源严重浪费。由于茶叶无法及时采下,不仅导致茶叶企业效益变差,也导致了茶叶企业在这一年中茶园管理没有了回报,也进一步加大了茶叶的生产成本,因此劳动力成本增高已成为制约茶产业再上台阶的重要瓶颈,对整个茶叶行业起着至关重要的影响。Tea is one of the important economic crops in my country. It is an important way to increase the income of farmers in the vast mountainous areas, especially in the central and western regions, and is an important pillar of the rural economy in tea areas. According to statistics, 10 tea-producing provinces and more than 300 tea-producing counties (cities) across the country have listed the tea industry as a pillar industry of agriculture. However, in recent years, with the adjustment of the industrial structure and the transfer of a large number of rural labor force to the secondary and tertiary industries in coastal areas and cities, my country's "shortage of tea picking workers" has intensified. It is estimated that only Zhejiang Province has a labor shortage of more than 500,000 people during the peak employment period, and the cost of picking labor costs continues to rise. Due to the lack of sufficient tea picking workers in some tea enterprises, a large amount of tea leaves were left on the trees and could not be picked in time, and some even picked less than one-tenth of the part, resulting in a serious waste of resources. Because the tea cannot be harvested in time, it not only leads to the deterioration of the profits of the tea enterprises, but also leads to the lack of return for the tea garden management of the tea enterprises in this year, and further increases the production cost of the tea. Therefore, the increase in labor costs has become a constraint on the tea industry. The important bottleneck of stepping up to the next level has a vital impact on the entire tea industry.

我国茶叶效益主要来自于名优茶与优质茶。其中,名优茶是指以一芽一叶或一芽二叶为原料制作成品质较优的茶叶。由于名优茶采摘标准过嫩,按目前的无选择性的机械化采摘方式将所采下的茶鲜叶按标准大小采摘并分离是十分困难的。my country's tea benefits mainly come from famous tea and high-quality tea. Among them, famous and high-quality tea refers to the tea with better quality made from one bud and one leaf or one bud and two leaves as raw materials. Because the plucking standard of famous and high-quality tea is too tender, it is very difficult to pluck and separate the fresh tea leaves picked according to the standard size by the current non-selective mechanized picking method.

由于当前比较通用的采茶机都是刀片往返式采茶机,这种机子在采摘时只能是沿着树冠面的某个高度,将刀口上方的芽叶全部采下,而无法分辨所采摘的这芽叶是单芽的、一芽一叶的、一芽二叶的甚至一芽三四叶或老叶,而是全部混杂在一起,从而导致名优茶原料的大小混杂,甚至因为有老叶及茎梗混杂在内而导致茶叶成品出现粗老味,从而显著降低名优茶的品质及价格。目前的业界人士也在不断地改进采茶机,以使其能适应名优茶的原料采摘。但这些改进大多集中在以下三个方面:1)刀片长短的改变,如将长刀片改成短小的刀片,以提高其灵活度;2)改变刀口的高度调节,让其尽量抬高,以尽量避免将成熟叶片采入其中;3)将汽油机驱动改为锂电池驱动,以减轻采摘机的重量,提高其机动性。但这三个方面都还是基于刀片往返式采摘原理,仍是解决不了无选择性的问题。目前虽然在摄像头识别方面也已有较多的研究,但由于茶叶新梢的色泽一致性较好,色泽反差较小,所以在正确识别方面效率较低。同时即使是识别了,采摘手的三维定位仍是十分困难及缓慢,离实际生产应用还有很长的路要走。Since the currently more common tea picking machines are all blade reciprocating tea picking machines, this kind of machine can only pick all the buds and leaves above the knife edge along a certain height of the tree crown when picking, and cannot distinguish the picked tea leaves. The buds and leaves are single buds, one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves, or even one bud with three or four leaves or old leaves, but they are all mixed together, resulting in mixed sizes of famous and high-quality tea raw materials. The mixed leaves and stems will cause the finished tea to have a rough and old taste, which will significantly reduce the quality and price of famous tea. People in the industry are also constantly improving the tea picking machine so that it can adapt to the raw material picking of famous and high-quality tea. However, most of these improvements focus on the following three aspects: 1) Changes in the length of the blade, such as changing the long blade to a short blade, to improve its flexibility; Avoid picking mature leaves into it; 3) Change gasoline engine drive to lithium battery drive to reduce the weight of the picker and improve its mobility. But these three aspects are still based on the principle of blade reciprocating picking, which still cannot solve the problem of non-selectivity. Although there have been many researches on camera recognition, the efficiency of correct recognition is low because the color consistency of tea shoots is relatively good and the color contrast is small. At the same time, even if it is recognized, the three-dimensional positioning of the picking hand is still very difficult and slow, and there is still a long way to go before the actual production application.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服背景技术中存在的技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种灵活机动的、以“智能识别+细线切割+风吸集叶”为核心的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,可真正达到智能、快速、优质的采摘效果,获得名优茶所需的优质材料。In order to overcome the technical problems existing in the background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a flexible and maneuverable intelligent dual-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea with the core of "intelligent identification + thin wire cutting + wind suction leaf collection". It can really achieve intelligent, fast and high-quality picking effect, and obtain the high-quality materials needed for famous and high-quality tea.

本发明通过如下技术方案实现:The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:

一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,包括采摘装置、集叶装置和操控装置,其特征在于:所述采摘装置包括2个采摘头和2组可伸缩机械臂;所述采摘头包括外型呈畚箕状的基座本体,所述基座本体包括长方形底板,左、右侧板,后背板和上盖板;上盖板的中部设有集风罩,集风罩顶部与集叶装置固定连接;所述底板的前端设有穿过底板的左、右两根钢轮轴,钢轮轴的上下端均设有将其固定在基座本体上的固定条;底板上方的两根钢轮轴上分别配合设置带凹槽的钢轮,其中一根钢轮轴上还设有用于驱动该钢轮转动的高速电机,两个钢轮的凹槽内配合设置一条环形钢丝绳,通过高速电机驱动钢轮运转从而带动环形钢丝绳高速移动实现芽稍的以线切割的方式被切割下来;上盖板前端设有用于芽稍定位及高度识别的摄像头;所述基座本体上还设有用于连接可伸缩机械臂的固定桩;可伸缩机械臂的另一端与操控装置相连。An intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea, including a picking device, a leaf collecting device and a control device, is characterized in that: the picking device includes 2 picking heads and 2 sets of retractable mechanical arms; the picking head includes a shape Dustpan-shaped base body, the base body includes a rectangular bottom plate, left and right side panels, a back panel and an upper cover; the middle part of the upper cover is provided with a wind collecting hood, the top of the wind collecting hood and the leaf collecting device Fixed connection; the front end of the bottom plate is provided with two left and right steel wheel shafts passing through the bottom plate, and the upper and lower ends of the steel wheel shaft are provided with fixing strips to fix them on the base body; the two steel wheel shafts above the bottom plate Steel wheels with grooves are arranged respectively, one of the steel wheel shafts is also provided with a high-speed motor for driving the steel wheel to rotate, and a ring-shaped steel wire rope is set in the grooves of the two steel wheels, and the high-speed motor drives the steel wheel to run Thereby driving the circular steel wire rope to move at high speed to realize the cutting of the bud tip by wire cutting; the front end of the upper cover plate is provided with a camera for bud tip positioning and height identification; the base body is also equipped with a telescopic mechanical arm for connecting The fixed stake; the other end of the telescopic mechanical arm is connected with the control device.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述基座本体的空腔内设有集叶挡板,所述集叶挡板的左、右侧分别与基座本体的左、右侧板固定连接,前端与底板前部固定连接,后端与后背板的顶部固定连接,实现在集叶挡板和上盖板之间形成一个集叶风道。The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: a leaf-collecting baffle is arranged in the cavity of the base body, and the left and right sides of the leaf-collecting baffle are respectively connected to the base body. The left and right side panels are fixedly connected, the front end is fixedly connected to the front part of the bottom plate, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the top of the back panel, so as to form a leaf collecting air duct between the leaf collecting baffle and the upper cover.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述集叶挡板设有两块,包括位于两个钢轮之间的前挡板,与前挡板通过雌雄卡扣连接的后挡板;钢轮的前部及前方的钢丝绳位于基座本体外侧,钢轮的后部及后方的钢丝绳位于基座本体内侧。The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the leaf-collecting baffle is provided with two pieces, including a front baffle located between two steel wheels, and the front baffle is locked by male and female buckles. Connected tailgate; the front part of the steel wheel and the wire rope in front are located outside the base body, and the rear part of the steel wheel and the steel wire rope at the rear are located inside the base body.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述可伸缩机械臂上设有实现可伸缩机械臂左右旋转及上下移动的双向马达和前后伸缩的步进马达。The above-mentioned intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the telescopic mechanical arm is provided with a bidirectional motor for realizing left and right rotation and up and down movement of the telescopic mechanical arm and a stepping motor for front and rear telescopic movement.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述集叶装置主要由可伸缩集叶风管、涡旋风机、汇集风管和集叶箱构成,所述涡旋风机设置在可伸缩集叶风管的管壁上,集叶风管靠近汇集风管处设有排风网;所述可伸缩集叶风管设有2条,其前端分别连接一个采摘头,其末端与汇集风管固定连接。The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the leaf collecting device is mainly composed of a telescopic leaf collecting air duct, a vortex fan, a collection air duct and a leaf collecting box, and the vortex fan It is arranged on the pipe wall of the retractable leaf-collecting air pipe, and the leaf-collecting air pipe is provided with an exhaust net near the collecting air pipe; the telescopic leaf-collecting air pipe is provided with two, and its front ends are respectively connected to a picking head, and the The end is fixedly connected with the collecting air duct.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述操控装置包括实现采茶机行进的运移系统,运移系统上方设置承载平台;运移系统和承载平台之间设有使承载平台保持水平的平衡装置;所述承载平台上固定连接升降杆;承载平台上还设有发电装置、蓄电池机组、图像信息处理及采摘控制系统和线控操作器;所述升降杆与可伸缩机械臂活动连接。The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the control device includes a transport system for realizing the advancement of the tea picking machine, and a carrying platform is set above the transport system; There is a balance device to keep the carrying platform horizontal; the lifting rod is fixedly connected to the carrying platform; a power generation device, a battery unit, an image information processing and picking control system and a wire-controlled operator are also arranged on the carrying platform; the lifting rod and The retractable mechanical arm is flexibly connected.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述运移系统由前后两对驱动轮、左右各一条履带、四个驱动轮支撑架、四个驱动轮搭载平台四部分组成。The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the transportation system consists of two pairs of front and rear driving wheels, a crawler belt on the left and right sides, four driving wheel support frames, and four driving wheel carrying platforms. composition.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述平衡装置为陀螺平衡仪。The intelligent two-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the balance device is a gyro balancer.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述长方形底板的长为10cm,宽为8cm。The intelligent two-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the length of the rectangular bottom plate is 10 cm, and the width is 8 cm.

所述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,其特征在于:所述环形钢丝绳的横截面直径为0.3mm。The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is characterized in that: the cross-sectional diameter of the annular steel wire rope is 0.3 mm.

上述的一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机,主要针对当前名优茶采摘所面临的人工紧缺、但当前往返式采茶机又无法真正解决名优茶的机械化采摘的问题,发明了一种灵活机动的、以“智能识别+细线切割+风吸集叶”为核心的采摘机械装备及采摘方式,从而解决当前通用的刀片往返式采茶机的无法选择性导致的芽稍长短无法控制,芽梢基部被切割位置被撕扯而变红等技术缺陷。本发明实现了名优茶机械化采摘中芽叶的原生态化、芽叶大小可选择化、采摘过程智能化、采摘速度高效化,具体来说具有如下有益效果:(1)以单线切割采摘的方式来代替原有的刀片往返切割,减少了芽叶的损伤。本专利采用了一根安装在两个钢轮上的高韧性环形钢丝绳代替传统刀片,钢丝绳在高速电机的带动下绕着两个钢轮高速旋转,形成切割力,这种线性切割具有切割快从而减少了传统刀片存在的芽梢基部被切割位置被撕扯而变红的问题,因此其所采摘的芽叶损伤比刀片切割的损失更小,从而使茶鲜叶的品质更佳;(2)以涡旋风机形成负风压集叶代替传统采茶机的吹风集叶,采下的芽叶会迅速被吸入集叶箱中,进一步减少了采摘芽梢间的撞击与摩擦,同时,由于风会迅速从位于集叶风管管路中后部的排风网中吹出,而使得采摘芽叶不会持续被风吹着,从而使采摘原料的新鲜度更好;(3)采摘头体积小,分为左右两个,灵活机动性好、定位快,采摘效率高。可以同时进行单条茶行采摘也可以同时进行两相邻茶行并行采摘。(4)集叶挡板加大了风压,增加了新梢的吸带效果;另一方面,将钢轮后方的钢丝绳阻隔在集叶挡板的下方,避免了采下的新梢被二次切割损伤。(5)采摘头上设有定位及高度识别摄像头,用以确定距离最近的芽稍的位置及高度并根据芽稍的长度实现精确切割,效率高,芽稍切割完整,质量好。The above-mentioned intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea is mainly aimed at the labor shortage faced by the current picking of famous and high-quality tea, but the current reciprocating tea picking machine cannot really solve the problem of mechanized picking of famous and high-quality tea. The picking mechanical equipment and picking method with "intelligent identification + thin wire cutting + wind suction leaf collection" as the core can solve the uncontrollable length of the buds caused by the inability to select the current general-purpose blade reciprocating tea picking machines. Technical defects such as the base of the tip being torn at the cutting position and turning red. The invention realizes the original ecology of the buds and leaves in the mechanized picking of famous and high-quality tea, the size of the buds and leaves can be selected, the picking process is intelligent, and the picking speed is high-efficiency. Specifically, it has the following beneficial effects: (1) Single-line cutting and picking Instead of the original blade cutting back and forth, reducing the damage of buds and leaves. This patent uses a high-toughness ring-shaped steel wire rope installed on two steel wheels to replace the traditional blade. The steel wire rope rotates around the two steel wheels at high speed under the drive of a high-speed motor to form a cutting force. This linear cutting has fast cutting and thus It reduces the problem of the base of the bud tip being torn and turned red by the cutting position of the traditional blade, so the damage of the picked buds and leaves is less than that of the blade cutting, so that the quality of the fresh tea leaves is better; (2) with The vortex fan forms a negative wind pressure leaf collection instead of the blowing leaf collection of the traditional tea picking machine. The picked buds and leaves will be quickly sucked into the leaf collection box, which further reduces the impact and friction between the picked bud tips. At the same time, due to the wind will It is quickly blown out from the exhaust net located in the middle and rear of the leaf-collecting air duct, so that the picked buds and leaves will not be continuously blown by the wind, so that the freshness of the picked raw materials is better; (3) The picking head is small in size, Divided into left and right, it has good flexibility, fast positioning and high picking efficiency. It is possible to pick a single tea row at the same time or to pick two adjacent tea rows in parallel. (4) The leaf-collecting baffle increases the wind pressure and increases the suction effect of new shoots; Cutting damage. (5) The picking head is equipped with a positioning and height recognition camera to determine the position and height of the nearest bud tip and realize precise cutting according to the length of the bud tip. The efficiency is high, the bud tip is cut completely and the quality is good.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明采摘头的俯视结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the top view structural representation of picking head of the present invention;

图2是本发明采摘头的仰视结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the looking up structure schematic diagram of picking head of the present invention;

图3是图1卸下集风罩和上盖板后的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of Fig. 1 after removing the wind collecting hood and the upper cover;

图4是图3卸下集叶挡板后的结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Fig. 3 after the leaf-collecting baffle is removed;

图5是本发明采摘头的侧面结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the side structure of the picking head of the present invention;

图6是本发明采摘头的测面剖视结构示意图;Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the measuring surface of the picking head of the present invention;

图7是本发明的结构示意图;Fig. 7 is a structural representation of the present invention;

图8是本发明运移系统的结构示意图;Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the transport system of the present invention;

图中:1-采摘头;1-1-1-底板,1-1-2-侧板,1-1-3-后背板;1-1-4-上盖板;1-2-集风罩;1-3-钢轮轴;1-4-固定条;1-5-钢轮;1-6-高速电机;1-7-钢丝绳;1-8-摄像头;1-9-集叶挡板;1-9-1-前挡板;1-9-2-后挡板;1-10-固定桩;2-1-可伸缩集叶风管;2-2-涡旋风机;2-3-汇集风管;2-4-排风网;2-5-集叶箱;3-1-运移系统;3-1-1-驱动轮;3-1-2-履带;3-1-3-支撑架;3-1-4-搭载平台;3-1-5-线控操作器;3-2-平衡装置;3-3-承载平台;3-4-发电装置;3-5蓄电池机组;3-6-图像信息处理及采摘控制系统;3-7-升降杆; 4-可伸缩机械臂;4-1-双向马达;4-2-步进马达。In the figure: 1-picking head; 1-1-1-bottom plate, 1-1-2-side plate, 1-1-3-back plate; 1-1-4-upper cover plate; 1-2-set Wind cover; 1-3-steel wheel shaft; 1-4-fixing bar; 1-5-steel wheel; 1-6-high-speed motor; 1-7-wire rope; 1-8-camera; 1-9-leaf block Plate; 1-9-1-front baffle; 1-9-2-rear baffle; 1-10-fixed pile; 2-1-retractable leaf collecting duct; 2-2-vortex fan; 2- 3-Collection air duct; 2-4-Exhaust net; 2-5-Leaf collecting box; 3-1-Transportation system; 3-1-1-Drive wheel; 3-1-2-Crawler belt; 3-1 -3-support frame; 3-1-4-carrying platform; 3-1-5-wire control operator; 3-2-balance device; 3-3-carrying platform; 3-4-generating device; 3-5 Battery unit; 3-6-image information processing and picking control system; 3-7-lifting rod; 4-extensible mechanical arm; 4-1-bidirectional motor; 4-2-stepping motor.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明设计了一种名优茶智能双臂采茶机(如图1-8),主要包括采摘装置、集叶装置和操控装置三大模块。其中:采摘装置包括包括两个采摘头1,两个采摘头的后侧各连接一组可伸缩机械臂4,两个采摘头的上方与集叶装置相连接;所述采摘头包括外型呈畚箕状的基座本体,每个基座本体均包括一块长方形底板1-1-1,左、右共两块侧板1-1-2,一块后背板1-1-3和一块上盖板1-1-4;上盖板的中部设有空腔,上盖板内侧与集风罩1-2密封连接,集风罩顶部与集叶装置固定连接;所述底板1-1-1的前端设有穿过底板的左、右两根钢轮轴1-3,钢轮轴的上下端均设有将其固定在基座本体上的固定条1-4,即每根钢轮轴上设有2根固定条;底板上方的两根钢轮轴上分别配合设置带凹槽的钢轮1-5,钢轮的直径最好为2cm且外径均有深1mm的凹槽;其中一根钢轮轴上还设有用于驱动该钢轮转动的高速电机1-6,两个钢轮的凹槽内配合设置一条环形钢丝绳1-7,通过高速电机驱动钢轮运转从而带动环形钢丝绳高速移动实现芽稍的以线切割的方式被切割下来,环形钢丝绳1-7的横截面为圆形,最佳直径为0.3mm,由高韧性金属材料制作而成;上盖板前端设有用于芽稍定位及高度识别的摄像头1-8;摄像头1-8可以为1个或2个,当设置为1个时摄像头最好设置在上盖板前端的中点,当设置为2个时摄像头最好设置在上盖板前端的中点两侧,呈对称分布;所述基座本体1-1上还设有用于连接可伸缩机械臂的固定桩1-10,为了取得更稳固的固定效果,固定桩最好设置2个;可伸缩机械臂的另一端与操控装置相连。The present invention designs an intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea (as shown in Figure 1-8), which mainly includes three modules: a picking device, a leaf collecting device and a control device. Wherein: the picking device includes two picking heads 1, the rear sides of the two picking heads are respectively connected with a group of telescopic mechanical arms 4, and the top of the two picking heads is connected with the leaf collecting device; Dustpan-shaped base body, each base body includes a rectangular base plate 1-1-1, two side plates 1-1-2 on the left and right, a back plate 1-1-3 and an upper cover Plate 1-1-4; a cavity is provided in the middle of the upper cover plate, the inner side of the upper cover plate is sealed and connected with the wind collecting hood 1-2, and the top of the wind collecting hood is fixedly connected with the leaf collecting device; the bottom plate 1-1-1 The front end of the steel wheel shaft is provided with two left and right steel wheel shafts 1-3 that pass through the base plate, and the upper and lower ends of the steel wheel shaft are provided with fixing bars 1-4 that are fixed on the base body, that is, each steel wheel shaft is provided with 2 fixing strips; steel wheels 1-5 with grooves are arranged on the two steel wheel shafts above the bottom plate respectively. The diameter of the steel wheels is preferably 2cm and the outer diameter has a groove with a depth of 1mm; one of the steel wheel shafts There is also a high-speed motor 1-6 for driving the steel wheel to rotate, and a ring-shaped steel wire rope 1-7 is arranged in the groove of the two steel wheels, and the high-speed motor drives the steel wheel to run so as to drive the ring-shaped wire rope to move at a high speed to realize the bud slightly. The cross-section of the ring wire rope 1-7 is circular, the optimum diameter is 0.3mm, and it is made of high-toughness metal material; Recognized cameras 1-8; cameras 1-8 can be 1 or 2, when it is set to 1, the camera is best set at the midpoint of the front end of the upper cover, when it is set to 2, the camera is best set on the top Both sides of the midpoint of the front end of the cover plate are symmetrically distributed; the base body 1-1 is also provided with fixed piles 1-10 for connecting the telescopic mechanical arm. In order to obtain a more stable fixing effect, the fixed piles are the best Set 2; the other end of the telescopic arm is connected to the control device.

作为优选,所述基座本体1-1的空腔内设有集叶挡板1-9,所述集叶挡板的左、右侧分别与基座本体的左、右侧板固定连接,集叶挡板前端与底板前部(底板前部最好空出1-2cm,见图3)固定连接,集叶挡板后端与后背板的顶部固定连接,实现在集叶挡板和上盖板1-1-4之间形成一个集叶风道。集叶挡板1-9最好设置两块,包括位于两个钢轮之间的前挡板1-9-1,与前挡板通过雌雄卡扣连接的后挡板1-9-2;钢轮的前部及前方的钢丝绳位于基座本体外侧,钢轮的后部及后方的钢丝绳位于基座本体内侧。这两块挡板的作用一是为了能加大风压,增加新梢的吸带效果,提高集叶效率,另外一个作用是为了防止后侧的钢丝绳对采下的新梢的二次切割损伤。作为优选,钢轮最好有1/3的位置在基座本体外侧,以保证钢丝绳高速运转切割芽叶时不会被基座1-3阻挡,且切割下的芽叶能落在基座底板和集叶挡板上,不会掉落。长方形底板的厚度可以为0.3cm,长边长为10cm,短边长8cm。Preferably, the cavity of the base body 1-1 is provided with a leaf-collecting baffle 1-9, and the left and right sides of the leaf-collecting baffle are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right side plates of the base body, The front end of the leaf-collecting baffle is fixedly connected to the front of the base plate (it is best to leave 1-2 cm in front of the base plate, see Figure 3), and the rear end of the leaf-collecting baffle is fixedly connected to the top of the rear back plate, so that the leaf-collecting baffle and the A leaf-collecting air duct is formed between the upper cover plates 1-1-4. The leaf-collecting baffle 1-9 is preferably provided with two pieces, including a front baffle 1-9-1 located between the two steel wheels, and a rear baffle 1-9-2 connected to the front baffle through male and female buckles; The front part of the steel wheel and the steel wire rope in front are located at the outside of the base body, and the rear part of the steel wheel and the steel wire rope at the rear are located at the inside of the base body. The function of these two baffles is to increase the wind pressure, increase the suction effect of new shoots, and improve the efficiency of leaf collection. The other function is to prevent secondary cutting damage to the picked new shoots by the steel wire rope on the rear side. As a preference, preferably 1/3 of the steel wheel is outside the base body, so as to ensure that the steel wire rope will not be blocked by the base 1-3 when cutting buds and leaves at high speed, and the cut buds and leaves can fall on the bottom plate of the base And set leaf baffle, will not fall. The thickness of the rectangular bottom plate can be 0.3cm, the length of the long side is 10cm, and the length of the short side is 8cm.

所述可伸缩机械臂4上设有实现可伸缩机械臂左右旋转及上下移动的双向马达4-1和前后伸缩的步进马达4-2,从而实现采摘头的上、下、左、右灵活移动。The telescopic mechanical arm 4 is provided with a two-way motor 4-1 for realizing the left and right rotation and up and down movement of the telescopic mechanical arm and a stepping motor 4-2 for front and rear telescopic movement, thereby realizing the flexible up, down, left and right of the picking head. move.

本发明所设计的集叶装置,其主要由可伸缩集叶风管2-1(口径6cm)、涡旋风机2-2、汇集风管2-3和集叶箱2-5(大小尺寸为:长50cm*宽30cm*高50cm)构成,所述涡旋风机2-2设置在可伸缩集叶风管2-1的管壁上,集叶风管靠近汇集风管2-3处设有排风网2-4;所述可伸缩集叶风管2-1设有2条,其前端分别连接一个采摘头1,其末端与汇集风管2-3固定连接。通过涡旋风机在集风罩1-2形成负压,使采摘下来的芽梢从集叶挡板上吸入可伸缩集叶风管,进而进入集叶箱2-5,涡旋风机2-2产生的风从排风网2-4快速排出,从而不影响集叶口的风压,也减少了集叶箱中采摘新梢持续被风吹的风险,保持了芽梢的新鲜度。The designed leaf collecting device of the present invention mainly consists of telescopic leaf collecting air duct 2-1 (diameter 6cm), vortex fan 2-2, collecting air duct 2-3 and leaf collecting box 2-5 (size is : length 50cm*width 30cm*height 50cm), the vortex fan 2-2 is arranged on the pipe wall of the telescopic leaf-collecting air duct 2-1, and the leaf-collecting air duct is provided near the collection air duct 2-3 Exhaust net 2-4; the telescopic leaf-collecting air duct 2-1 is provided with two pieces, the front ends of which are respectively connected with a picking head 1, and the ends of which are fixedly connected with the collecting air duct 2-3. Negative pressure is formed in the wind collecting hood 1-2 through the vortex fan, so that the picked bud tips are sucked into the retractable leaf collecting air duct from the leaf collecting baffle, and then enter the leaf collecting box 2-5, and the vortex fan 2-2 The generated wind is quickly discharged from the exhaust net 2-4, so as not to affect the wind pressure at the leaf collecting mouth, and also reduces the risk of continuous wind blowing of new shoots picked in the leaf collecting box, and keeps the freshness of the shoots.

本发明所设计的操控装置,包括实现采茶机行进的运移系统3-1,运移系统上方设置承载平台3-3,主要由一块钢板组成;运移系统和承载平台之间设有使承载平台保持水平的平衡装置3-2;所述承载平台3-3上固定连接升降杆3-7(用于调节采摘装置的高度,高度80cm);承载平台3-3上还设有发电装置3-4、蓄电池机组3-5、图像信息处理及采摘控制系统3-6和线控操作器3-1-5;升降杆3-7与可伸缩机械臂4活动连接。发电装置3-4主要为采茶机的采摘装置提供电力来源;蓄电池机组3-5主要用于对采茶机的高速电机1-6、摄像头1-8、涡旋风机2-2、图像信息处理及采摘装置控制系统3-6、采茶机四个驱动轮3-1-1的驱动马达及线控操作器3-1-5等设备提供电力。图像信息处理及采摘装置控制系统3-6主要包括视频信息处理系统、采摘头定位及高度调控系统、采茶机运动方向信号处理系统组成,其中对于采摘头的定位及高度控制设有人工操作模式及自动控制模式两种,人工模式下采茶机会关闭摄像头1-8及对相应控制马达的控制,采摘头的前后、左右及上下的移动均可由操作人随意控制;自动控制下采摘头的位置由可伸缩机械臂4中控制水平与上下方向的两个马达(双向马达4-1和步进马达4-2)来控制。The control device designed in the present invention includes a moving system 3-1 for realizing the advancement of the tea picking machine, a bearing platform 3-3 is arranged above the moving system, and is mainly composed of a steel plate; A balance device 3-2 for maintaining the level of the carrying platform; a lifting rod 3-7 is fixedly connected to the carrying platform 3-3 (for adjusting the height of the picking device, the height is 80cm); a power generating device is also installed on the carrying platform 3-3 3-4, storage battery unit 3-5, image information processing and picking control system 3-6 and wire-controlled manipulator 3-1-5; The power generation device 3-4 mainly provides the power source for the picking device of the tea picking machine; the storage battery unit 3-5 is mainly used for the high-speed motor 1-6 of the tea picking machine, the camera 1-8, the vortex fan 2-2, the image information Processing and picking device control system 3-6, the driving motors of the four drive wheels 3-1-1 of the tea picking machine and the wire-controlled manipulator 3-1-5 and other equipment provide power. Image information processing and picking device control system 3-6 mainly consists of video information processing system, picking head positioning and height control system, tea picking machine movement direction signal processing system, among which there is a manual operation mode for picking head positioning and height control In the manual mode, the tea picking machine will turn off the cameras 1-8 and control the corresponding control motors, and the front and rear, left and right, and up and down movements of the picking head can be controlled by the operator at will; the position of the picking head under automatic control It is controlled by two motors (two-way motor 4-1 and stepping motor 4-2) that control the horizontal and up-down directions in the telescopic mechanical arm 4.

作为优选:采茶机操控装置的机身长度为80cm(不包括采摘设备及可伸缩机械臂),宽度为50cm,高度60cm(不包括升降杆高度)。系双履带支撑,其中单个履带宽20cm,两个履带间隙10cm,两个履带间外侧总宽为50cm,两个履带与地面接触部分长均为50cm,履带上下排间的高度为20cm,从而提高了设备在各种茶园中的可通过性及适用性。As a preference: the body length of the control device of the tea picking machine is 80cm (not including the picking equipment and the retractable mechanical arm), the width is 50cm, and the height is 60cm (not including the height of the lifting rod). It is supported by double crawlers, of which the width of a single crawler is 20cm, the gap between the two crawlers is 10cm, the total width between the two crawlers is 50cm, the length of the contact part between the two crawlers and the ground is 50cm, and the height between the upper and lower rows of the crawlers is 20cm, thus improving It ensures the accessibility and applicability of the equipment in various tea gardens.

作为优选,上述运移系统3-1由前后两对驱动轮3-1-1、左右各一条履带3-1-2、四个驱动轮支撑架3-1-3、四个驱动轮搭载平台3-1-4四部分组成,以能任意转向控制及提升通过能力,采茶机的前后移动及转向均由线控操作器3-1-5控制;平衡装置3-2主要是安装了陀螺平衡仪,陀螺平衡仪的具体结构可参照现有技术,以使采茶机能适应坡地茶园采摘。As a preference, the above-mentioned transport system 3-1 consists of two pairs of drive wheels 3-1-1 at the front and rear, a crawler belt 3-1-2 at the left and right, four drive wheel support frames 3-1-3, and four drive wheel carrying platforms. 3-1-4 consists of four parts to control any steering and improve the passing capacity. The front and rear movement and steering of the tea picking machine are all controlled by the wire control operator 3-1-5; the balance device 3-2 is mainly equipped with a gyroscope Balancer, the concrete structure of gyro balancer can refer to prior art, so that tea-picking machine can be adapted to plucking in slope tea garden.

本专利首次将以高速运转的钢丝绳形成的切割力应用到茶叶采摘中来代替原有的刀片往返切割,从而减少了芽叶的损伤。以单线切割采摘的方式来代替原有的刀片往返切割,所采摘的芽叶损伤比刀片切割的损失更小。This patent applies the cutting force formed by the steel wire rope running at high speed to tea picking for the first time to replace the original blade back and forth cutting, thereby reducing the damage of buds and leaves. The method of single-line cutting and picking is used to replace the original blade back and forth cutting, and the damage of the picked buds and leaves is less than that of blade cutting.

以风吸集叶的方式取代了当前采茶机普遍采用的吹风集叶方式,该方式可减少叶片间的堆积与磨损,同时也减少了鲜叶的着风时间,减少了芽叶间的撞击与摩擦,更有利于保持芽梢的新鲜度;同时由于风会迅速从位于集叶管路中段的出风网中吹出,而芽叶在失去风吸力后以自由落体的形式进入了集叶箱中,而使得采摘芽叶不会持续被风吹着,从而保持了叶片的正常含水量,而使采摘原料的新鲜度更好。The method of leaf collection by air suction replaces the method of leaf collection by blowing commonly used by current tea pickers. This method can reduce the accumulation and wear between leaves, and also reduce the time for fresh leaves to be exposed to the wind, and reduce the impact between buds and leaves. It is more conducive to maintaining the freshness of the buds; at the same time, because the wind will quickly blow out from the air outlet net located in the middle of the leaf collection pipeline, and the buds and leaves will enter the leaf collection box in the form of free fall after losing the wind suction. In this way, the picked buds and leaves will not be continuously blown by the wind, thereby maintaining the normal water content of the leaves, and making the freshness of the picked raw materials better.

通过定位及高度识别摄像头快速判断采摘芽叶的位置和三维特征,计算出芽稍的高度,并通过图像信息处理及采摘控制系统反馈给安装切割采摘头的可伸缩机械臂,将采摘头的高度定位后切割采摘芽梢,芽稍完整,并用吸风管瞬间吸走所采下的新梢。本智能采茶机由两个采摘头组成,可在同一行进行双采摘头同时工作,也可在相邻两行同时采摘,采摘速度快,效率高。The position and three-dimensional characteristics of the picked buds and leaves can be quickly judged by the positioning and height recognition camera, and the height of the buds can be calculated, and the height of the picking head can be determined by image information processing and picking control system feedback to the retractable robotic arm installed with the cutting and picking head Afterwards, cut and pick the bud tips, the buds are slightly intact, and use the suction pipe to suck away the picked new shoots in an instant. This intelligent tea picking machine is composed of two picking heads, which can work simultaneously in the same row, and can also pick in two adjacent rows at the same time, with fast picking speed and high efficiency.

采茶机对树冠的要求及采摘适期:设备要求采摘茶园的树冠以水平树冠为宜;当采摘芽叶新梢的以一芽一、二叶占树体上芽梢的70-80%时或芽梢平均高度为4.5-5cm时采摘为采摘适期。由于采用该种切割方式,可保证切口平整光滑,从而不会导致切口变红。同时由于采摘头切割线显著短于目前常规的刀片,所以切割时灵活机动,可选择性高,从而提高了芽梢的完整率,在满足树冠要求的前提下,在适采期用本发明所设计的名优茶智能双臂采茶机,采摘的芽梢完整率在98%以上,而用普通的刀片式采茶机其采摘的芽梢完整率在35-60%。经调查发现,在浙江地区,主要的茶叶品种一芽一叶的芽梢大概在4cm左右,一芽二叶的芽梢高度大概在5cm左右,因此,可以根据制茶的鲜叶标准及所采芽梢的相应高度来设定采摘芽稍的高度,因此芽梢的整齐度、均一度明显优于当前常规的采茶机。如设定的采摘芽梢高度为4cm,则所采下的芽梢高度基本能保持在4cm,因此保证了名优茶原料的整齐度与均一度。Requirements of the tea picking machine for the canopy and the appropriate time for picking: the equipment requires that the canopy of the tea garden should be picked horizontally; when picking new buds and leaves, one bud and one or two leaves account for 70-80% of the buds on the tree, or the buds Picking when the average height of shoots is 4.5-5cm is the right time for picking. Due to the adoption of this cutting method, the incision can be guaranteed to be flat and smooth, so as not to cause the incision to become red. At the same time, because the cutting line of the picking head is significantly shorter than the current conventional blade, it is flexible and has high selectivity during cutting, thereby improving the complete rate of bud tips. The intelligent double-arm tea picking machine designed for famous tea has a complete rate of more than 98% of the picked buds, while the integrity rate of the picked buds with ordinary blade tea picking machines is 35-60%. After investigation, it was found that in the Zhejiang area, the bud tip of the main tea varieties with one bud and one leaf is about 4cm, and the height of the bud tip of one bud and two leaves is about 5cm. The height of the picking buds is set according to the corresponding height of the bud tips, so the uniformity and uniformity of the bud tips are obviously better than the current conventional tea picking machines. If the height of the picked shoots is set to be 4cm, the height of the picked shoots can basically be maintained at 4cm, thus ensuring the uniformity and uniformity of the famous tea raw materials.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine, including picker, collection leaf device and control device, it is characterised in that: institute Stating picker includes 2 picking heads (1) and 2 groups of scalable mechanical arms (4);The picking head includes the base that external form is in dustpan shape Seat ontology, the base body includes rectangle bottom plate (1-1-1), left and right side plate (1-1-2), postnotum (1-1-3) and upper cover Plate (1-1-4);The middle part of upper cover plate (1-1-4) is equipped with wind-collecting cover (1-2), is fixedly connected at the top of wind-collecting cover with collection leaf device;Institute The front end of bottom plate is stated equipped with left and right two steel wheel axis (1-3) across bottom plate, the upper and lower side of steel wheel axis, which is equipped with, to be fixed in Fixed strip (1-4) on base body;Setting steel wheel (1-5) with groove is respectively cooperating on two steel wheel axis above bottom plate, The high-speed motor (1-6) for driving the steel wheel to rotate, cooperation in the groove of two steel wheels are wherein additionally provided on a steel wheel axis One annular wire rope (1-7) is set, steel wheel operating is driven to drive annular wire rope high-speed mobile real by high-speed motor Existing bud being cut in a manner of wire cutting slightly;The upper cover plate front end (1-1-4) is equipped with slightly to be positioned and level identification for bud Camera (1-8);The spud pile (1-10) for connecting scalable mechanical arm is additionally provided on the base body;Scalable machine The other end of tool arm is connected with control device.
2. a kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sky of the base body Intracavitary to be equipped with collection leaf baffle (1-9), the left and right side of the collection leaf baffle is fixedly connected with the left and right side plate of base body respectively, The front end of collection leaf baffle is fixedly connected with the front bottom plate (1-1-1), is fixedly connected at the top of rear end and postnotum (1-1-3), real A collection Ye Fengdao is formed between collection leaf baffle and upper cover plate (1-1-4) now.
3. a kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the collection leaf device is main By scalable collection Ye Fengguan (2-1), vortex fan (2-2), collect air hose (2-3) and leaf collecting box (2-5) is constituted, the whirlwind On the tube wall of scalable collection Ye Fengguan (2-1), collection leaf air hose is close to be collected at air hose (2-3) equipped with air draft for machine (2-2) setting Net (2-4);The scalable collection Ye Fengguan (2-1) is equipped with 2, and front end is separately connected a picking head, end with collect Air hose is fixedly connected.
4. a kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the control device includes It realizes the migration system (3-1) that tea picking machine is advanced, carrying platform (3-3) is set above migration system;Migration system and carrying are flat The balancing device (3-2) for making carrying platform holding level is equipped between platform;Elevating lever is fixedly connected on the carrying platform (3-3) (3-7);Power generator (3-4), battery unit (3-5), Image Information Processing and picking control are additionally provided on carrying platform (3-3) System (3-6) processed and X-by-Wire device (3-1-5);The elevating lever (3-7) is flexibly connected with scalable mechanical arm (4).
CN201821998479.2U 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 An intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous and high-quality tea Active CN209268045U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109197143A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-01-15 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 A kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine
CN112314177A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-05 福建农林大学 An intelligent tea picking device
CN117242984A (en) * 2023-09-13 2023-12-19 广西壮族自治区茶叶科学研究所 A tea garden management device suitable for steep mountainous areas

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109197143A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-01-15 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 A kind of Famous High-quality Tea intelligence both arms tea picking machine
CN109197143B (en) * 2018-11-30 2024-05-14 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Intelligent double-arm tea picking machine for famous tea
CN112314177A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-05 福建农林大学 An intelligent tea picking device
CN117242984A (en) * 2023-09-13 2023-12-19 广西壮族自治区茶叶科学研究所 A tea garden management device suitable for steep mountainous areas

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