CN208597672U - A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking devices; it solves the problems, such as that walnut shell-breaking lacks to kernel protection and existing hulling machine can not be suitable for different size walnut; it is exerted a force by compression roller; and shear action is generated by frictional force; shell-breaking efficiency is high, and rate of perfect kernel is high, and kernel damage is small; its technical solution are as follows: including delivery section and press section, walnut is conveyed to press section by delivery section；The press section includes compression roller, compression roller following side and rotatable broken shell baffle fit and the two has setting gap；Broken shell baffle one end is fixed by shaft and rack, and the other end is connect by spring with rack, and broken shell flapper axis is parallel with compression roller axis；It is supported on the outside of the broken shell baffle by worm screw, worm and wheel cooperation, worm gear is connect with adjusting handle.

Description

A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device

Technical field

The utility model relates to walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking technical fields, fill more particularly to a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking It sets.

Background technique

Walnut originates in the Central Asia, and has the alias such as English walnut, Qiang peach, is the perennial deciduous tree of Juglandaceae Juglans.China The Walnut Cultivars of cultivation are there are about more than 40, and widely distributed, national 24 provinces (area) have cultivation and distribution, and area and yield are equal It occupies first place in the world.China's walnut cultivated area is big, and yield is high, and more than about 1,300,000 km of cultivated area, main planting area is in west South and northwest, about 97.94 ten thousand tons of average annual total output.It is walnut nutritious abundant, special taste, and there is certain medical value, just It is increasingly subject to the welcome of people and likes.Walnut is the important source material of edible vegetable oil industry, can be manufactured using walnut oil artificial Cream, shortening, salad oil, ready-mixed oil etc., it is also possible to make the raw material of industry.Walnut by simple processing in addition to that can eat Outside, various food and health care product can also be made by processing.Walnut processed side product walnut shell and walnut grouts etc. can be comprehensive It closes and utilizes, value added by manufacture is increased economic efficiency.

Since walnut shell is mainly made of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, walnut shell is hard and thick, in irregular shape, Inside there are multiple separations, shell benevolence gap is small.During carrying out deep processing to walnut, the kernel-taking processing of peeling off of raw material is one of weight It wants and difficult process, but processing technology falls behind, mature walnut shell-breaking is not mechanical, to guarantee kernel-taking rate and walnut kernel Percentage of head rice, many walnuts processing producer still takes the mode of manual shell-cracking kernel-taking, such as " hickory nut peeled by hand " method, i.e., mountain core Peach is placed in special mould, is manually tapped using special hammer.Not only processing efficiency is low for the mode of manual broken shell, cost Height, and cannot be guaranteed the health of food, there is the potential threat for endangering eater's health.

Currently, walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking has following several method: centrifugal bump type broken shell other than the method for manual kernel-taking Method, chemical corrosion method, vacuum shell-cracking kernel-taking method, ultrasonic wave broken shell method, mechanical shell-breaking method.First method, the walnut after centrifugation High-speed impact wall surface makes shell deformation until rupturing, but the broken benevolence generated after broken shell is more, so method is undesirable；Second of side Method, dosing is not easy to control in actual operation, and walnut kernel handles the bad dirt that also will cause to environment vulnerable to corrosion Dye, because the method is seldom applied；Third and fourth kind of method, equipment is expensive, and broken shell cost is too high, and broken shell effect is not ideal enough.The Five kinds of methods, equipment is simple, at low cost, broken shell effect can by improve modular construction promoted, therefore this method obtain it is more Exploratory development and application.

A large amount of experiment has been carried out to nuts such as almond, pine nuts both at home and abroad, has probed into the mechanical property and influence of nut The factor of broken shell effect, it is indicated that the factors such as moisture content, loading direction are to nut cracking power, deflection, broken shell trend and whole Benevolence rate etc. has a certain impact.Shi Jianxin, Wu Ziyue et al. combine limited element analysis technique to pass through broken shell of a large number of experiments to walnut Principle and mechanical property are studied, and best force application location and mode when broken shell are had found.Yuan Qiaoxia et al. by pair The experimental study of the board-like ginkgo hulling device of roller show that spacing is too large or too small and is all unfavorable for shelling.The excessive amount of compression of spacing reaches Less than critical reduction needed for broken shell, husking yield decline；Spacing is too small, and amount of compression is excessive, and nutlet cracking rate increases.Li Zhongxin et al. The inspiration that (transverse shear stress and longitudinal extruding) test is squeezed by fixed gap, establishes " conic basket type broken shell model ", has studied to core The most effective force direction of peach broken shell and position, and propose the structural factor of rejuvenator, as broken shell gap, broken shell plate it is hard Degree, influence of the rate of feeding to broken shell effect.Song of HeFei University of Technology leads exhibition with theory of thin shell and fracture theory to internal force Analysis is carried out with displacement and points out that two pairs of normal force are more conducive to broken shell, while pointing out that carrying out broken shell to Gorgon fruit by way of rubbing wants Washboard is designed to the shape consistent with nut after deformation, i.e. washboard will have certain a flexibility and hardness, and washboard with The appropriate larger requirement to meet shelling that coefficient of friction between Gorgon fruit should be chosen.

Currently, domestic common mechanical descaling process equipment is broadly divided into four classes: extrusion, shock by method for stripping shell classification Method, shearing method and stone roller stranding method.It is that two gear disk-toothed plate type is peeled off principle used by the continuous walnut huller of Wu Ziyue research.It is continuous After walnut is fed into peeling apparatus, round tooth disk drives continuous walnut in rotation to squeezing into gap, the tooth of a fixed spacing Sharp constantly walnut extruding shell surface, so that crackle constantly extends, last walnut shell substantially completely ruptures, broken shell and walnut kernel It is dropped out downwards by minimum clearance.The Double Cellular-Roller Walnut Splitting Machine of Zhang Zhongxin research and development, which is mainly classified by cone roller formula, to be filled It sets and roller indent type shedding motion two parts is formed, grading plant is by a pair of of big end to big end, small end to the tapered roller of small end Composition, two roller gaps become larger from big end to small end.It is that a pair of of diameter is identical cylindrical crowded to roller indent type shedding motion Pressure roller, band indent, indent size become larger from big end to small end thereon.Two pairs of carrying rollers distinguish relative rolling, after being classified Walnut is crushed under the squeezing action of two rollers after falling into corresponding indent, is then collected by discharging slide plate.Wang Xiaoxuan et al. Walnut is crushed by the secondary rejuvenator of centrifugal walnut developed using impingement method.In the frictional force and shift plate of supporting plate Under impetus, the walnut fallen on centrifugation plate is rotated with centrifugation plate, after centrifugation plate reaches certain revolving speed, walnut meeting It is flown out with certain speed disengaging, collides with shock bucket and complete broken shell.By the adjustable core of revolving speed for adjusting centrifugation plate The size of peach impact force, and then comparatively ideal broken shell effect can be obtained.The device for taking unbroken kernels from walnuts bravely researched and developed is opened by pedestal It is formed with top cover.The upper half of pedestal is a rotary table, and there is a recessed chamber of peeling off in rotary table top surface, and inside edge is with a circle saw Tooth.When work, walnut is placed on the sawtooth for chamber of peeling off, is pushed down walnut with the top cover with rubber pad, starting motor can Walnut shell is sawed out a notch, walnut shell can be peeled off after sawing out 4 to 6 notches.Chai Jinwang grinds stranding using friction The walnut huller of principle research and development uses the inside and outside mill with tooth socket to carry out broken shell to walnut.Outer mill is fixed on the rack, interior mill It rotates driven by the motor.The gap implosion shelling asked of the walnut in inside and outside mill.After being crushed to suitable granularity, by keeping off The same gap of plate and interior mill bottom is fallen on feeding plate.The machine cannot adapt to the size of walnut automatically, and due to current walnut It is numerous in variety, not of uniform size, therefore have the defects that in practical applications certain, various sizes of walnut is ruptured, is needed replacing The different internal-and external diameter of size.

Walnut shelling and picking device has been invented by the Li Changhe team of Qingdao Technological University, it includes rack, and rack is equipped with Cabinet, interior be equipped with of cabinet compress grinding device, are equipped with agitating device, the discharging of agitating device in the discharge port for compressing grinding device Mouth is equipped with sorting unit, and cabinet lower wall is fixed with power device, and power device is crushed with sorting unit and compression respectively by V band Device connection, ruptures walnut by compressing grinding device first, in the wind-force of hammering and separator by agitating device The effects of separation, the adherency of suede band, makes walnut shell-breaking and realize that the automation of separation of hull from kernel makes device using height adjustment device It is adapted to the walnut of processing different cultivars, thus can be used in large batch of production operation, working time and saving are shortened Labour reduces processing cost, preferably resolves walnut shelling and picking hardly possible, relies on manual problem, and make hulling rate and height Road benevolence rate increases, and realizes the green clean manufacturing of efficient, low consumption, low cost.

Walnut shear extrusion broken shell flexibility knocking kernel-taking equipment has been invented by the Li Changhe team of Qingdao Technological University.It is related to A kind of high degree of automation, the function of realizing walnut shell-breaking, guarantee walnut kernel integrality and its separation of hull from kernel, keeps performance indicator big Width improves, and equips to the walnut shear extrusion broken shell flexibility knocking kernel-taking that various sizes of walnut answers performance strong in fact is handled.It is wrapped It includes: feeding hopper；Receive the flat rubber belting shear extrusion hulling machine that feeding hopper sends material；Flexible screw blade hammer systems, it connects It is closed flat the material for the preliminary broken shell sent with shear extrusion hulling machine, and carries out secondary hammering broken shell；In flexible screw blade Hammer systems lower part is equipped with walnut shell and walnut kernel separating device；Flat rubber belting shear extrusion hulling machine, walnut kernel separating device with Transmission system connection, transmission system are connect with power source one；Flexible screw blade hammer systems are connect with power source two；It is above-mentioned each Equipment is respectively mounted on the rack.

The walnut shell-breaking device of automatic conveying positioning has been invented by the Li Changhe team of Qingdao Technological University, including is set to rack At least one walnut fixed mechanism and at least two trip rods, the top of walnut fixed mechanism is equipped with walnut feeding hopper, walnut Broken shell mold is provided with walnut location hole, send in the positioning and quantitative that the two sides of walnut location hole are respectively provided with for covering walnut location hole Expect that sliding block, the side wall of walnut shell-breaking mold are provided at least two apertures communicated with walnut location hole, more trip rods are in movement The walnut for being set to walnut positioning hole is hit under the drive of mechanism across aperture corresponding with every trip rod；The invention uses Agitating device carries out feeding, delicate structure, and high-efficient and failure rate is extremely low.Of the invention feeding hopper discharging hole shape, positioning Through-hole in conveying mechanism uses walnut localized cross-sectional shape, and walnut is made to can guarantee positioning in a series of dropping process As a result stablize constant, walnut posture controllable precise realizes automation, controllableization of walnut feeding.

But main problem existing for existing majority decorticator is: hulling rate is low, and many decorticator leakage strippings or broken shell are incomplete, Hulling rate 80%, it is even lower；Loss late is high, and high kernel rate is low.Since broken shell is incomplete, part fragment walnut kernel is entrained in broken shell In be difficult to take out, the kernel loss late of some decorticators is up to 20%, and high kernel rate about 60%；Kernel integrality is poor, many Decorticator pursues the raising of hulling rate simply, leads to high walnut kernel percentage of damage；Bad adaptability, Walnut Cultivars, size specification, When the factors such as shell shape change, equipment of peeling off performance of peeling off just is deteriorated.Between the broken shell of most mechanical shell-breaking equipment Gap is fixed, and since walnut geomery is irregular, and walnut batch is put into, does not meet the walnut of gap size often It just cannot get effective broken shell, walnut is oversized to will cause walnut shell overcrushing, and walnut kernel is damaged, walnut size mistake It is small to cause to cannot get broken shell, it needs to carry out size classification to walnut before broken shell thus.It is mechanically big to walnut at present The equipment of small classification mainly has 3 kinds.1) rolling bar type classifier, all rolling bar relative level are parallel, the spacing between rolling bar by It is small to become larger.Walnut on rolling bar when rolling, and when rolling bar spacing is more than walnut diameter, walnut just falls into lower section and divides fruit slot accordingly In.2) double-roll type grader, double roller and horizontal plane are angled at certain tilt angle, and between double roller, relative rotation. Due to there is angle between double roller, the classification spacing between double roller is gradually increased, and walnut is rolled down along seam under the effect of gravity, double when being rolled to When spacing is greater than in place of fruit diameter between roller, walnut between two rollers just from falling into point fruit slot.3) drum-type grader, if having in roller Dried layer roller unit is uniformly covered with aperture on every layer of roller unit, and the small aperture in same layer roller is identical, different layers roller Small aperture it is different, and the aperture in every layer is sequentially increased from inside to outside.Roller uniform roll, walnut are sent from drum overhead Enter, conveyed along roller appearance, walnut successively passes through the roller in different layers aperture, is successively classified from small to large.

In conclusion existing walnut shelling and picking equipment is mostly the mode of " time processing ", i.e., it is complete walnut is straight Row shell-cracking kernel-taking is tapped into, and by the way of " rigidity " broken shell, measure is effectively protected to kernel shortage when broken shell and kernel-taking. Simultaneously as walnut is many kinds of, various walnuts are of different sizes, and stress needed for broken shell is different, and existing equipment is difficult to realize whole It adapts to.

Utility model content

In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking dress It sets, is exerted a force by compression roller, and shear action is generated by frictional force, shell-breaking efficiency is high, and rate of perfect kernel is high, kernel damage It is small；

Further, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

Walnut is conveyed to extruding by a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device, including delivery section and press section, delivery section Portion；The press section includes compression roller, compression roller following side and rotatable broken shell baffle fit and the two has setting gap； Broken shell baffle one end is fixed by shaft and rack, and the other end is connect by spring with rack, broken shell flapper axis It is parallel with compression roller axis；It is supported on the outside of the broken shell baffle by worm screw, worm and wheel cooperation, worm gear and adjusting handle connect It connects.

Further, the broken shell baffle is arc-shaped, and broken shell baffle bends towards compression roller setting, broken shell baffle and compression roller phase Opposite side is respectively provided with groove.

Further, the setting direction of the groove is parallel with the pivot center of broken shell baffle.

Preferably, the groove is arc.

Further, the groove includes but is not limited to V-type, parabola shaped, equation of higher degree curved shape or trapezoidal groove.

Further, the shaft is connected to broken shell baffle top, and spring is connected to broken shell baffle bottom end；Worm screw cooperation is set It is placed in broken shell baffle top outer.

Further, deflector apron is set above the compression roller, and deflector apron and delivery section end cooperate.

Further, the deflector apron is arc-shaped, and deflector apron bends towards delivery section setting, by what is conveyed via delivery section Walnut is directed at compression roller.

Further, screen is set above the delivery section, the adjacent plate interspace of screen is greater than walnut diameter, screen with it is defeated Sending has setting gap between portion.

Further, the compression roller is connect with driving mechanism by chain I, and delivery section passes through change gear and driving mechanism Connection.

Further, the delivery section includes multiple conveying shafts arranged side by side, conveying shaft be connected on chain II and It can be rotated around junction.

Further, the compression roller is made of vulcanie.

A kind of work of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device that in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides Make method, comprising the following steps:

Walnut is conveyed via delivery section, between being directed between the compression roller of press section and broken shell baffle via deflector apron At gap, broken shell baffle be can be rotated to adjust with the gap of compression roller and be adapted to walnut size；Compression roller rotation makes to fall into gap Walnut is squeezed, and compression roller constantly rolls, and is made walnut by a pair of of extruding force and a pair of of shearing force, is being guaranteed not hurt walnut Broken shell is realized in the case where benevolence；Broken shell baffle replys reset condition under the action of the spring after broken shell.

Compared with prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that

The utility model rotates broken shell using compression roller, so that walnut each uniform force, broken shell during broken shell When each power between cooperate, guaranteeing shell-breaking efficiency, while broken shell is thorough, protecting kernel not by broken shell energy well The injury of amount can obtain higher rate of perfect kernel；

The utility model broken shell baffle lower end is connect using spring with rack, ensure that after completing broken shell, squeezes gear Plate can restore to the original state state, avoid appearance and squeeze big walnut broken, be damaged to walnut kernel or the phenomenon that small walnut squeezes not open, improve Walnut pre-breaking shell efficiency and the stability that ensure that device, while the program is able to satisfy need for the walnut of any size It wants, reduces classification process；

The utility model cannot be only used for small-scale production, can also realize that multiple groups connect cooperating by linear combination, It can adapt to various production scales, improve processing efficiency.

Detailed description of the invention

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.

Fig. 1 is the hulling machine axonometric drawing of the utility model；

Fig. 2 is the hulling machine outside schematic diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 3 is the delivery section axonometric drawing of the utility model；

Fig. 4 is the stress diagram that groove uses V-groove；

Fig. 5 is the stress diagram that groove uses ladder-type trough；

Fig. 6 is the stress diagram that groove uses circular arc type groove；

Fig. 7 is the broken shell schematic illustration of the utility model；

Fig. 8 is the transmission schematic diagram of the utility model；

In figure, 1 nut, 2 worm screws, 3 screens, 4 bolts, 5 conveying shafts, 6 motors, 7 racks, 8 chain wheel Is, 9 deflector aprons, 10 compression rollers, 11 broken shell baffles, 12 springs, 13 support frames, 14 worm gears, 15 adjusting handles, 16 chains I, 17 pedestals, 18 deflecting teeth Wheel, 19 chain wheel IIs, 20 chains II, 21 sprocket wheels III, 22 chains III, 23 sprocket wheels IV.

Specific embodiment

It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field The identical meanings of understanding.

It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.

As background technique is introduced, exist in the prior art that walnut shell-breaking lacks to kernel protection and existing broken shell fills The deficiency that can not be suitable for different size walnut is set, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes a kind of extruding to cut Cut type walnut shell-breaking device and method.

In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, as Figure 1-Figure 2, it is broken to provide a kind of compression shearing type walnut Housing apparatus, hulling machine include delivery section and press section, and delivery section is the conveying shaft 5 being fixed on chain, delivery section upper end It is fixed with screen 3, gap-ratio walnut maximum gauge there will be certain distance greatly and with conveying shaft 5 between screen 3, convey shaft 5 It is free to rotate, walnut fall into after delivery section can in the case where conveying shaft 5 and screen 3 act on regular distribution.Press section is compression roller 10 cooperate with broken shell baffle 11, and 10 upper end of compression roller is fixed with deflector apron 9, and the walnut that delivery section can be sent is directed to crowded In the gap of pressure roller 10 and broken shell baffle 11, the material of compression roller 10 is vulcanie, has groove, groove axis on compression roller 10 It is greater than walnut major diameter to length, groove radical length and compression roller 10 and 11 clipping room of broken shell baffle are away from being adapted, broken shell baffle 11 pivot centers are parallel with compression roller 10, and the both ends of 11 rotation axis of broken shell baffle are fixed on corresponding bearing block by bearing, and two A bearing block is fixed on the rack, and 11 lower end of broken shell baffle is connect by spring with rack, is guaranteed between compression roller and extruding baffle Gap can be restored after can changing and become larger in different size walnut shell-breaking, be supported behind broken shell baffle 11 by worm screw 2, Worm screw 2 connect with worm gear 14, and worm gear 14 and the outer adjusting handle 15 of rack are coaxially connected, and the expansion helixangleβ of worm screw is less than worm gear The angle of friction φ of worm screw contact meets condition of self-locking, and broken shell baffle 11 has groove, groove direction and 11 rotation axis of broken shell baffle Line is parallel, so that walnut increases friction in broken shell.

Compression roller 10 and driving mechanism are directly connected to by chain, delivery section rear end sprocket wheel by coaxial gear with Another gear engagement carries out deflecting, and another gear is connect with driving mechanism by chain by coaxial sprocket wheel.Axis is logical It crosses bearing block to be fixed on support frame, support frame is fixed in rack 7.7 bottom of rack is fixed on pedestal 17.

Screen 3 is fixed in rack 7 by bolt 4 and nut 1 it can be seen from Fig. 1-Fig. 2, conveying shaft 5 passes through The thin axis being fixed between two chains is connect with chain, and can be rotated around thin axis, and chain is driven by chain wheel I 8, due to sprocket wheel I 8 turn to motor 6 on the contrary, therefore carrying out deflecting using the gear change gear 18 of a pair of meshing.Deflector apron 9 passes through bolt It is connect with rack 7, walnut is directed to press section.Compression roller 10 is rotated by the bearing block being fixed in rack 7, is kept off with broken shell Plate 11 forms press section, and wherein broken shell baffle 11 is supported by support frame 13, and 11 lower end of broken shell baffle by spring 12 with Rack connects, and the rear end of broken shell baffle 11 is hinged by bearing and worm screw 2, and worm screw 2 connect with worm gear 14, worm gear 14 and adjusting hand It takes turns 15 coaxially connected, the folding angle of broken shell baffle 11 can be adjusted by adjusting adjusting handle 15.The power of compression roller 10 by The sprocket wheel being fixed in the above is connect with motor 6 by chain I 16 and is transmitted to.The final walnut guaranteed for different-diameter, can be certainly Dynamic to adjust to different folding angles to adapt to require, high production efficiency is adaptable.

As shown in figure 3, being the delivery section schematic diagram of the present apparatus.As seen from Figure 3, delivery section is mainly by screen 3 and defeated Shaft 5 is sent to form, walnut is dropped on screen 3, arranged in column, then under the action of conveying shaft 5, transports forward, is reached After deflector apron 9, press section is reached under the action of deflector apron 9, completes work.Wherein, the power of delivery section is by motor 6 It is transported to chain wheel II 19, sprocket wheel III 21 is connected with chain wheel II 19 by chain, is delivered power on sprocket wheel III 21, due to conveying The steering in portion and motor 6 are turned on the contrary, therefore overturn direction using change gear 18, and rear-end transmission axis is delivered power to Afterwards, chain wheel I 8 is transported to by chain II 20 again, realizes whole cooperating.

Effect of the walnut that the utility model delivery section is transported in the screen for being fixed thereon end and itself conveying shaft Under, it can uniformly arrange, and be continually transported in press section, improve the shell-breaking efficiency of single unit system.Press section squeezes Pressure roller rotation makes the walnut for falling into gap receive extruding, and constantly rolls, and improves the rate of perfect kernel of walnut.Broken shell baffle simultaneously Lower end is connect using spring with rack, ensure that after completing broken shell, and extruding baffle can restore to the original state state, avoid incite somebody to action Big walnut squeezes broken, is damaged to walnut kernel or the phenomenon that small walnut squeezes not open, improves walnut pre-breaking shell efficiency and ensure that dress The stability set.It squeezes baffle rear end to support using multipair worm and gear, in the case where variety classes walnut can be extruded in, lead to Rotation of worm gear is crossed, compression roller is adjusted and squeezes the primary clearance of baffle, the adaptability of device is improved, reduces machine cost.

Below from mathematical theory calculating on analyze broken shell principle, as shown in Figure 7: walnut enters after press section, first by To be compression roller 10 radial compression power Fd, squeezed on broken shell baffle 11, simultaneously as compression roller 10 is constantly turning It is dynamic, all there is groove on compression roller 10 and broken shell baffle 11, make walnut while being squeezed power, will receive a pair of of resultant force side To opposite shearing friction power Fs, which has shear action to walnut, keeps its broken shell more complete, and due to having Frictional force can be such that walnut constantly rotates, and prevent the appearance of the excessive degree of impairment for leading to walnut kernel of extruding force.Meanwhile broken shell is kept off 11 lower end of plate is connect by spring 12 with rack, so that press section gap is in the state constantly adjusted, when what is be relatively large in diameter After walnut is fallen into, spring 12 is in tensional state, and after the lesser walnut of diameter is fallen into, spring 12 is in relaxation state, also by It constantly stretches, loosens in spring, so that broken shell baffle 11 has a kind of dither state, be more advantageous to the broken shell of walnut.Broken shell simultaneously The rear end of baffle 11 is hinged by shaft and worm screw 2, and worm screw 2 connect with worm gear 14, and worm gear 14 and adjusting handle 15 are coaxially connected, Ineffective when finding that different types of walnut carries out broken shell, rate of perfect kernel reduces, can be by adjusting adjusting handle 15 The folding angle for adjusting broken shell baffle 11 becomes larger, and when finding that walnut carries out broken shell, shell-breaking rate is reduced, can be by adjusting The folding angle that handwheel 15 can adjust broken shell baffle 11 becomes smaller, and can reach the effect of adjusting.

Next consider from manufacturing cost and single unit system volume size, determine the size and material of compression roller, compression roller Material be vulcanie, guarantee service life while realizing flexible broken shell.Due to wanting to allow walnut while being squeezed, It rotates and rotates also with compression roller, therefore it is required that compression roller has certain frictional force, so must assure that compression roller when design Surface has certain groove.

Walnut shell size is broadly divided into three path lengths: major diameter d_{It is long}, central diameter d_In, minor axis d_{It is short}, rest part almost spherical, reason Want to think that the gap between walnut shell and benevolence is equidistantly λ.Compression roller groove is being fallen into according to lot of experiment validation major part walnut When, to parallel, minor axis both ends are contacted with groove for major diameter and extrusion roll shaft.In order to reach preferable broken shell effect, groove is axial Length ψ need to be slightly larger than walnut major diameter d_{It is long}, radical length φ can install gap τ according to compression roller roller and change, in order to guarantee broken shell Dynamics needs to meet:

d_{It is short}-2λ≤2×φ+τ≤d_{It is short}(formula 1)

Next analysis squeezes the groove profile of baffle, and different groove profiles can generate different effects in broken shell to walnut shell Power, suitable groove profile can generate better broken shell effect.

The first groove profile: V-type groove, due to the self-positioning feature of V-groove, the contact between walnut and V-type groove is a little Contact.Therefore, V-type groove concentrates on four points the power of walnut.Power suffered by unit area is very big at walnut stress, energy Amount concentrates on four points of entire walnut.Thus it is easy to cause that only walnut shell rupture is imperfect and is damaged to walnut kernel, And V-groove easily will just be squeezed broken walnut shell and be stuck in slot, and be not easily cleaned, and influence the broken shell process of other walnuts.Cause This this V-type groove design is unreasonable.

Force analysis figure is as shown in Figure 4:

Counter-force F of the walnut by the compression roller contact point not identified in figure₃、F₄, there are also the counter-force F for squeezing baffle₁、F₂, by Squeeze the tangential friction force F vertically upward that baffle is given₇、F₈, be squeezed roller to downward tangential friction force F₅、 F₆。

Second of groove profile: trapezoidal groove, dovetail groove remains the self-positioning feature of V-groove, between walnut and trapezoidal groove Contact be still point contact.Therefore trapezoidal groove concentrates on four points the power of walnut, unit area institute at walnut stress The power received is very big, and energy concentrates on four points.Walnut shell is crushed incomplete problem and is not resolved.Due to trapezoidal recessed Slot avoids the problem that walnut shell is stuck in groove without the narrow portion of V-type groove.But stress is still point contact, by The problems in power concentration, energy collection are also unresolved, have the defects that certain.Therefore trapezoidal groove is still unreasonable.

Force analysis figure is as shown in Figure 5:

Counter-force F of the walnut by the compression roller contact point not identified in figure₃、F₄, there are also the counter-force F for squeezing baffle₁、F₂, by Squeeze the tangential friction force F vertically upward that baffle is given₇、F₈, be squeezed roller to downward tangential friction force F₅、 F₆。

The third groove profile: arc groove, since walnut itself is a class ellipsoid, so between walnut and arc groove It can be in line and face contact, stress is more uniform compared to point contact.The problems in energy collection is avoided, keeps walnut shell broken more Completely, and walnut shell is not easy to be stuck in groove.Therefore this arc groove is that the more satisfactory walnut shell-breaking of one kind squeezes Groove type.

Force analysis figure is as shown in Figure 6:

Walnut is contacted with arc groove in line, so its stress is not individual concentrated force, but distributed force.

Walnut, by four kinds of distributed forces, shearing upward caused by baffle is squeezed one is diagram in arc groove Frictional force q₇、q₈, one is shearing friction power q downward caused by compression roller₅、q₆.There are also compression roller and squeeze baffle difference To the distribution extruding force q of walnut₁、q₂、q₃、q₄。

Squeezing blind recess groove profile is not actually there was only these three, such as there are also the parabola shaped or equations of higher degree Curved shape, but according to we experimental results demonstrate only groove profile could improve broken shell rate of perfect kernel close to walnut shell shape And efficiency, but the shape of walnut shell is not fixed and invariable, thus we can only select it is close with most of walnut shell It is arc-shaped be used as optimal case.

As shown in figure 8, being the transmission schematic diagram of the utility model.As seen from Figure 8, the power source of whole device is electricity Machine 6, the power of press section are driven by chain wheel II 19, by chain I 16, reach sprocket wheel IV 23, realize the rotation of compression roller.It is defeated The power for sending portion is transported to chain wheel II 19 by motor 6, and sprocket wheel III 21 is connected by chain III 22 with chain wheel II 19, by power transmission Onto sprocket wheel III 21, since the steering of delivery section is turned to motor 6 on the contrary, therefore being overturn direction using change gear 18, general After power transmission to rear-end transmission axis, chain wheel I 8 is transported to by chain II 20 again, realizes whole cooperating.

Specific work process is as follows:

The walnut for carrying out broken shell drops into delivery section rear end by previous step process, and walnut is to Forward under delivery section effect Dynamic, due to the effect of screen and shaft, what walnut can be regular is arranged as column distribution, then drops under deflector apron effect In press section, it is squeezed the walnut for falling into gap using compression roller rotation, and constantly roll, walnut is squeezed by a pair Power and a pair of of shearing force, can realize broken shell in the case where guarantee does not hurt walnut kernel.Baffle lower end is squeezed simultaneously utilizes bullet Spring is connect with rack, ensure that after completing broken shell, and squeezing baffle can restore to the original state state, is avoided appearance and is squeezed big walnut It is broken, it is damaged to walnut kernel or the phenomenon that small walnut squeezes not open, improves walnut pre-breaking shell efficiency and ensure that the stabilization of device Property.It squeezes baffle rear end to support using multipair worm and gear, in the case where variety classes walnut can be extruded in, by rotating snail Wheel adjusts compression roller and squeezes the primary clearance of baffle.

The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device, characterized in that including delivery section and press section, delivery section conveys walnut To press section；The press section includes compression roller, and compression roller following side is with rotatable broken shell baffle fit and the two has and sets Fixed gap；Broken shell baffle one end is fixed by shaft and rack, and the other end is connect by spring with rack, and broken shell baffle turns Shaft line is parallel with compression roller axis；It is supported on the outside of the broken shell baffle by worm screw, worm and wheel cooperation, worm gear and adjusting hand Wheel connection.

2. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that the broken shell baffle is arc-shaped, and broken shell baffle bends towards extruding Roller setting, broken shell baffle and compression roller opposite side are respectively provided with groove.

3. hulling machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the setting direction of the groove and the rotation axis of broken shell baffle Line is parallel.

4. hulling machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the groove is arc.

5. hulling machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the groove includes but is not limited to V-type, parabola shaped, high Equation of n th order n curved shape or trapezoidal groove.

6. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is connected to broken shell baffle top, spring connection In broken shell baffle bottom end；Worm screw is equipped in broken shell baffle top outer.

7. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that deflector apron, deflector apron are arranged above the compression roller Cooperate with delivery section end.

8. hulling machine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the deflector apron is arc-shaped, and deflector apron bends towards conveying Portion's setting, the walnut conveyed via delivery section is directed at compression roller.

9. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that screen, the adjacent panels of screen are arranged above the delivery section Gap is greater than walnut diameter, has setting gap between screen and delivery section；

The compression roller is connect with driving mechanism by chain I, and delivery section is connect by change gear with driving mechanism；

The delivery section includes multiple conveying shafts arranged side by side, and conveying shaft is connected on chain II and can turn around junction It is dynamic；The compression roller is made of vulcanie.