CN207941494U - 用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器 - Google Patents

用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器 Download PDF

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CN207941494U
CN207941494U CN201720902923.5U CN201720902923U CN207941494U CN 207941494 U CN207941494 U CN 207941494U CN 201720902923 U CN201720902923 U CN 201720902923U CN 207941494 U CN207941494 U CN 207941494U
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tubular reactor
cracking tube
heat guard
cracking
tube
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安东尼奥·科夏
汉斯-维尔纳·斯科尔茨
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本实用新型提供了用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器，所述管式反应器包含裂解管，其特征在于，具有圆弧形轮廓，优选为半壳或四分之一壳的形状，或者为圆柱形的模制绝热体被引入和放置在裂解管中用于绝热的位置处。所述模制绝热体基本上由包括SiO2纤维和Al2O3纤维的陶瓷材料构成，所述模制绝热体采用Al2O3溶胶作为粘合剂且在高于800℃的温度下窑烧而制成，以对用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器的裂解管的端部进行绝热，所述端部突出到反应器的加热空间外。

Description

用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器
技术领域
本申请涉及用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器，所述管式反应器包含裂解管，其特征在于，具有圆弧形轮廓，优选为半壳或四分之一壳的形状，或者为圆柱形的模制绝热体被引入和放置在裂解管中用于绝热的位置处。。
背景技术
由包括SiO2纤维和Al2O3纤维的陶瓷材料制成的自支撑模制绝热体是已知的。它们常常用在用于进行蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器的裂解管管道中。
这样的蒸汽重整工艺及其中使用的管式反应器被用于将气态烃和蒸汽转化为主要由一氧化碳和氢气构成的合成气。它们本身是已知的，并且原理上描述在例如乌尔曼工业化学百科全书(Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry)、第六版、第15卷、“气体生产 (Gas Production)”、2.2章中。这些管式反应器基本上由加热空间组成，多个所谓的裂解管垂直通过所述加热空间并被加热。裂解管填充有对于固定床形式的重整反应来说有活性的催化剂。使工艺气体(即用于蒸汽重整工艺的反应物和产物气体)通过裂解管。裂解管的端部在例如顶部和底部从管式反应器的加热空间突出，并且通常设置有绝热物，以防止热量损失和对操作者的灼伤。
所使用的绝热材料通常是以带或垫呈现的基于SiO2和Al2O3的纤维材料，因此绝热物的安装和拆卸是复杂和不方便的。更为方便的是，使用更容易安装和拆卸、具有足够使用寿命且可以任选地重复利用的尺寸稳定的模制绝热体。这样的模制绝热体还应特别使用在裂解管内侧的绝热物中，即作为内部绝热物，以保护设备零件的内表面免受促进所谓的金属尘化腐蚀的温度。
粘合剂的使用在足够的使用寿命方面起着重要的作用。在实践中已经发现，当使用含SiO2粘合剂和/或有机粘合剂时，由此制造的绝热体在蒸汽重整的工艺条件下仅获得不足够的使用寿命。由于绝热物经受的高的工艺温度和工艺气体中的高蒸汽含量，迄今为止使用的这些粘合剂被从陶瓷材料中排除，导致其失去其稳定性并瓦解。
专利说明书US 8,986,598 B2描述了由耐火尖晶石-SiC复合材料生产模制体的方法。这个方法使用Al2O3溶胶作为粘合剂。所包含的组分是用于蒸汽重整的非典型绝热介质。
专利公开DE 602 22 841 T2描述了成形的陶瓷基质复合物零件的生产，其中基质由金属氧化物例如氧化铝的胶体悬浮液组成，氧化铝颗粒被混合进该胶体悬浮液中。然后，通过在815℃和1260℃之间的温度下施加真空和窑烧来除去挥发性组分。
这两份公开均没有提及使用基于SiO2和Al2O3的已证实的 (proven)纤维材料，也没有提及上述材料用于生产用于蒸汽重整设备中的自支撑长期稳定的模制绝热体的用途。
因此，本申请解决的问题是提供一种用于蒸汽重整工艺的绝热材料/模制绝热体，其实现更长的使用寿命并且包括常用的组分。
实用新型内容
通过以下来实现所述目的：一种由包括SiO2纤维和Al2O3纤维的陶瓷材料生产自支撑模制绝热体的方法，其包括如下步骤：(a)提供包括SiO2纤维和Al2O3纤维以及作为粘合剂的Al2O3溶胶的可流动混合物，(b)通过将(a)中得到的混合物填充、特别是浇注或压制到中空模具中来生产预制件，(c)在至少800℃的温度下窑烧步骤(b)中获得的预制件；通过上述方法获得的模制绝热体；所述模制绝热体在用于进行生产合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器的裂解管中作为绝热材料的用途；以及一种为裂解管装配至少一个模制绝热体的方法。
通过使用Al2O3溶胶作为粘合剂，改善了用于裂解管内部绝热的模制品的使用寿命。
通过在真空条件下进行工艺步骤，可以使模制绝热体的生产更有效。
附图说明
参照附图更具体地阐释本申请。
图1显示了穿过管式反应器的加热空间的顶板的裂解管的上端部的横截面，
图2显示了穿过管式反应器的加热空间的底板的裂解管的下端部的横截面，
图3显示了具有内部热交换器的裂解管的横截面。
具体实施方式
本申请的优选实施方式特征在于，模制绝热体具有圆弧形轮廓，优选为半壳或四分之一壳的形状，或者为圆柱形。这使得/便于将绝热体引入和放置在裂解管中用于绝热的位置处。
使用模制绝热体的另一优选实施方式特征在于，反应物的入口和产物的出口被布置在裂解管的相对端部处，所述端部突出到管式反应器的加热空间外，其中裂解管的入口区域和/或出口区域装配有具有圆弧形轮廓的内部模制绝热体。这个实施方式具有以下优点：由于裂解管的端部从加热空间突出，所以容易接近裂解管的端部。然而，为了保护维护人员免受灼伤和避免不必要的热损失，还要求这些管端部的特别良好的绝热，并且通过使用模制绝热体来确保这些管端部的特别良好的绝热。
使用模制绝热体的另一个优选实施方式特征在于，反应物的入口和产物的出口被布置在裂解管的同一端部处，所述端部突出到管式反应器的加热空间外，并且特征在于，在裂解管的相对端部处存在自由内部空间，所述自由内部空间用于将离开催化剂床的气流偏转到布置在催化剂床内侧的热交换器管中，其中裂解管的入口区域和/或出口区域装配有具有圆弧形轮廓的内部模制绝热体，并且自由内部空间装配有圆柱形的内部模制绝热体。这个实施方式也具有如下优点：由于裂解管的端部从加热空间突出，所以容易接近裂解管的端部。所述端部必须同样良好地绝热，以保护维护人员免受灼伤和避免不必要的热损失，并且可以通过使用模制绝热体来确保这一点。
工作实施例
本申请的其它特征、优点和可能的应用从以下对工作和数值实施例的描述以及从附图中可以看出。所有描述的和/或描绘的特征本身或任何期望的组合形成本申请的主题，而与它们在权利要求中的组合方式无关，也与所述权利要求彼此引用的方式无关。
在图1中，裂解管2的上端部1突出穿过加热空间4的顶板3。裂解管2不牢固地连接到顶板3，以便裂解管2的热膨胀可以由它从顶板3的长出来弥补。薄壁柔性管5将裂解管2的上端部1与分配器管 (未示出)连接，反应物气体从该分配器管被引入裂解管2中。反应物气体经由催化剂固定床6通过裂解管2传送到其下端部(未示出)。裂解管2的上端部1设有由根据本申请的陶瓷材料组成的内部模制绝热体7。
图2以示例性方式示出了裂解管2的下端部8如何穿过加热空间 4的底板9。产物气体从催化剂床6中排出并被引入收集管道10中。收集管道10设有内部绝热物11。裂解管2的下端部8设有由根据本申请的陶瓷材料组成的内部模制绝热体7。
图3显示了具有内部热交换器12的裂解管2如何将其上端部1从其加热空间4的顶板3突出，以及如何将其下端部8从加热空间4的底板9突出。还显示了反应物气体的进管13，气体通过反应物气体的进管13被引入裂解管2中。然后气体穿过裂解管2中的催化剂固定床6上升到转向空间14中，并从那里穿过热交换器管12流入产物气体的收集管道10中。裂解管2的上端部1和下端部8设有由根据本申请的陶瓷材料组成的内部模制绝热体7。
工业实用性
本申请使得可以实现裂解管的更高使用寿命，从而提高蒸汽重整工艺的经济性。因此，有利地，本申请是经济上可利用的。
附图标记列表
1 裂解管的上端部
2 裂解管
3 管式反应器的加热空间的顶板
4 管式反应器的加热空间
5 柔性管
6 催化剂固定床
7 模制绝热体
8 裂解管的下端部
9 管式反应器的加热空间的底板
10 产物气体的收集管道
11 收集管道绝热物
12 热交换器管
13 反应物气体的进管
14 裂解管内部气流的转向空间

Claims (4)

1.一种用于进行生成合成气的蒸汽重整工艺的管式反应器，所述管式反应器包含裂解管，其特征在于，模制绝热体被引入和放置在裂解管中用于绝热的位置处，所述模制绝热体具有圆弧形轮廓或者为圆柱形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管式反应器，其特征在于，所述圆弧形轮廓为半壳或四分之一壳的形状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的管式反应器，其特征在于，反应物的入口和产物的出口被布置在裂解管的相对端部处，所述端部突出到管式反应器的加热空间外，其中裂解管的入口区域和/或出口区域装配有具有圆弧形轮廓的内部模制绝热体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的管式反应器，其特征在于，反应物的入口和产物的出口被布置在裂解管的同一端部处，所述端部突出到管式反应器的加热空间外，并且在裂解管的相对端部处存在自由内部空间，所述自由内部空间用于将离开催化剂床的气流偏转到布置在催化剂床内侧的热交换器管中，其中裂解管的入口区域和/或出口区域装配有具有圆弧形轮廓的内部模制绝热体，并且所述自由内部空间装配有圆柱形的内部模制绝热体。
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