A kind of vibration parameters test device of the fruit vibrating response mode based on vibration harvesting
Technical field
The application is related to fruit vibration harvesting technique, is that one kind is based on vibration frequency, amplitude and fruit abscission specifically
Three vibration parameters of time be applied to fruit vibrating harvest when fruit vibrating respond to be formed horizontal hunting, vertical vibration or bounce,
Horizontal torsion moves the test device that three kinds of principal vibration response mode ultimately result in fruit abscission.
Background technology
At present, the total cultivated area of China's fruit and the 1st, the yield Jun Zhan worlds, it has also become grain, vegetable are ranked in planting industry
The third-largest industry after dish.Ended for the end of the year 2013, China's woods fruit total cultivated area has broken through 12,370,000 hm2, fruit total output
The market demand of Machinery for orchard is improved more than 2.5 hundred million t, the fast development of forest and fruit.
Woods fruit harvest operation is most important link in production and fruit farming overall process, seasonal strong, labour intensive, work used
Power accounts for 35%~45% of labour used in whole production process.Ripening fruits can not such as harvest in time, and fruit quality will be by
Directly influence, and cause serious economic loss.Woods fruit mechanized harvest mainly makes fruit by different mode of vibrations
Separate, and collect from fruit tree, woods fruit mechanized harvest can improve operating efficiency and ensure quality.For scale large area kind
This harvesting approach harvest fast efficiency high of speed for the orchard of plant, and can effectively reduce production cost.Therefore Lin Guoji
The research and application of tool, have great significance for China's industry of planting forest or fruit tress.
The theoretical research and design of orchard picking machinery first have to determine the running parameter of picking mechanical, suitable work ginseng
It is several that conclusive effect is played to harvesting effect.Picking mechanical running parameter is selected by research to fruit tree dynamic characteristic, one
As using Dynamic Modeling analyze and test two ways obtain, fruit tree Research on Dynamic Characteristic to vibrate running parameter selection have
It is significant.
Because the fruit vibrating response mode caused by various exciting devices is different, fruit abscission condition is also not only
One.The optimal conditions that research fruit separates with carpopodium, and the combination of the repeatability experiment of corresponding optimal exciting mode
The also non-someone of formula fruit vibrating experimental bench develops.In order to be carried to the dynamic carpopodium adhesion for studying different fruits with separating force
For a kind of experimental method and device, design and meet the fruit vibrating experimental bench of vibratory response mode and be particularly important.
The content of the invention
The purpose of this technology is to provide one kind can be simple in construction, reproducible, water when can realize fruit vibration harvesting
Yaw is moved, moved vertically, rotating horizontally or the vibration parameters test device of three kinds of vibratory response mode of twist motion.
The vibration parameters test device of the fruit vibrating response mode based on vibration harvesting described in this technology, including experiment
Stand, variable-frequency motor, gearbox, slider-crank mechanism;Slider-crank mechanism includes the song being connected on the output shaft of gearbox
Handle, the connecting rod that the sliding block set on line slideway, both ends are hinged with sliding block and crank respectively is slided, line slideway can either be horizontal
It is installed on experimental stand, can also be vertically arranged on test-bed;Horizontality clamp system is set on sliding block and erected
Straight state clamp system;When line slideway is horizontally mounted, horizontality clamp system can press from both sides the fruit branch for being connected with fruit
Vibrate tightly and in the horizontal direction fruit;When line slideway is vertically-mounted, vertical state clamp system can be being connected with fruit
Fruit branch clamp and vertically vibrate fruit.
The beneficial effect of the application:When the line slideway of slider-crank mechanism is horizontally mounted, clamped by horizontality
Mechanism clamps fruit branch, and variable-frequency motor drives sliding block horizontal linear to move back and forth by gearbox, drives fruit to swing;Work as crank
When the line slideway of slide block mechanism is vertically-mounted, fruit branch is clamped by vertical state clamp system, sliding block vertical straight line is reciprocal
Motion, drive fruit vertical movement.That is, this technology is Zhi Xuyige mechanisms, adjustment installation site can realize fruit
Two real motor patterns.
As the further improvement to above-mentioned vibration parameters test device, it also includes rotating device, the rotating dress
Put including rotary shaft straight down, be connected to rotary shaft lower end, can be being substantially at horizontality and pass through carpopodium
It is connected with the rotating clamp that the fruit branch of fruit clamps;The gearbox is the gearbox with two output shafts;Gearbox
An output shaft be connected with the crank, another output shaft is connected by transmission mechanism with the rotary shaft.In use, pass through rotation
Turn clamping device to clamp fruit branch, variable-frequency motor drives rotary shaft to rotate by another output shaft of gearbox, realizes fruit
Twist motion.Variable-frequency motor perpendicular driving torque is changed into the driving torque in vertically and horizontally face by gearbox, drives respectively
Dynamic rotating device and slider-crank mechanism.
As the further improvement to above-mentioned vibration parameters test device, the rotating device also includes being provided with level side
To the coulisse of the chute of extension;Coulisse is connected to rotary shaft lower end, and rotating clamp is movably arranged at the chute
It is interior.It can change rotating clamp around rotating shaft axis rotation by adjusting installation site of the rotating clamp in chute
Radius of curvature, and then change the radius of curvature that is rotated around rotating shaft axis in fruit twist motion.Preferably, chute is in rotary shaft
Radial direction extension, rotating clamp can drive the fruit branch by its clamping to be moved to along chute and is connected to the fruit branch
On carpopodium and rotating shaft coaxle position.So, when carpopodium and rotating shaft coaxle, around rotary shaft axle in fruit twist motion
The radius of curvature of line rotation is zero.It is preferred that rotating clamp includes the slide plate being connected by bolt with the slide,
Two clamping plates for being capable of synchronous on-off being symmetrically connected on slide plate, the plane of symmetry of rotating shaft axis and two clamping plates are coplanar.This
Sample, the synchronous on-off of two clamping plates, it is possible to achieve the fruit branch between two clamping plates is clamped or unclamped, simultaneously clamps on fruit branch
When, the position of fruit branch is always positioned on the plane of symmetry, and this structure can ensure when rotating clamp moves in chute, can
To be moved to the position of fruit branch and rotating shaft coaxle.
As the further improvement to above-mentioned vibration parameters test device, rotary shaft passes through band with another output shaft
Transmission mechanism is connected;Rotary shaft is connected in the groove on experimental stand by bearing block, so as to realize rotating device in testing stand
Installation on frame;Change the installation site in groove of the bearing block on test-bed to adjust the transmission belt in tape handler
Tensioning.The mode tensioning pulley of centre-to-centre spacing is adjusted, it is simple in construction, it is conveniently adjusted.
As the further improvement to above-mentioned vibration parameters test device, the structure that crank is connected with the output shaft
For:The output shaft is connected by expansion set with being provided with the transition sleeve of crank chute;Crank is movably disposed in crank chute;
When crank moves relative to crank chute, thus it is possible to vary the hinge axes that crank is hinged with connecting rod are relative to the output shaft
The distance of axis.Amplitude of the sliding block on line slideway can so be changed.Preferably, radial direction of the crank chute in output shaft
Extension, crank can move along the radial direction of vertical axes relative to crank chute.So, it is hinged when crank and connecting rod
When hinge axes are placed exactly on output shaft axis, the amplitude of sliding block is zero.
As the further improvement to above-mentioned vibration parameters test device, horizontality clamp system and vertical state folder
Tight mechanism is the fit clamp system being combined into one, tingle that the fit clamp system includes being fixed on sliding block, with
The movable intermediate plate of tingle relative movement;Movable intermediate plate is connected by bolt with tingle;Work as rotating bolt, movable intermediate plate
When being moved relative to tingle, the fruit branch between tingle and movable intermediate plate can be clamped;Movable intermediate plate can
Rotated around bolt axis relative to tingle.Horizontality clamp system and vertical state clamp system are combined into one, structure
It is simpler.Preferably, there are two pairs of clamping jaws on tingle, there are a pair of clamping jaws on movable intermediate plate;Pacify when line slideway is horizontal
During dress, a pair of clamping jaws on tingle extend downwardly, when line slideway is vertically-mounted, another pair clamping jaw on tingle
Extend downwardly;A pair of clamping jaws on movable intermediate plate can turn to the state of extending downwardly around bolt axis, and with tingle to
That a pair of clamping jaws of lower extension are relative;Work as rotating bolt, can be positioned at activity when movable intermediate plate moves relative to tingle
Fruit branch on a pair on the intermediate plate clamping jaws and tingle extended downwardly between that a pair clamping jaws extended downwardly clamps.This
Sample, fruit branch is clamped by two pairs of relative clamping jaws, it is relatively reliable.
This technology has the following advantages that:
1. the woods fruit to differ suitable for all size and the parameter testing of vibration harvesting, versatile.
2. three kinds of main movement mode of fruit when one device of a use realizes vibration harvesting, respectively horizontal hunting, hang down
Straight motion, rotation or twist motion, and realize accurate amplitude modulationfrequency modulation.
3. the adjustable amplitude range of vibration is big, you can meets small amplitude vibration, can meet Large Amplitude Vibration again.
4. adjust slider-crank mechanism line slideway installation site, you can realize respectively fruit horizontal hunting and up and down
Vertical movement.
5. drive device selects the variable-frequency motor with frequency converter to drive.Compared to hydraulic system stepless time adjustment is used, tie
Structure need to only adjust the frequency of frequency converter, change the rotating speed of motor, realize stepless time adjustment, so as to realize vibration with simple to operate
Electrodeless frequency modulation.
The vibration parameters test device of the fruit vibrating response mode based on vibration harvesting of the application, line slideway are horizontal
The swing of fruit is realized during installation, the vertical movement of fruit is realized when line slideway is vertically-mounted;Rotating device realizes fruit
Twist motion.This technology realizes three horizontal hunting, vertical movement, rotation or twist motion principal vibration response moulds of fruit
State, and realize FMAM.The adjustable frequency domain of testing stand vibration is 0-46Hz, fruit vertical movement and the linear reciprocation fortune swung
The dynamic adjustable amplitude domain of vibrating mechanism is 0-150mm, and the rotary motion vibrating mechanism adjustable curvature radius of twist motion is 0-100mm.
This technology is widely portable to the fruit vibrating response mode of the woods such as ginkgo, walnut, jujube, apricot, citrus fruit vibration harvesting, is applicable
It is versatile in various fruit and vibration harvester.Various three kinds of principal vibrations of fruit can be obtained by experiment to respond under mode
Shake the optimal vibration parameter fallen, draw the optimal conditions that fruit separates with carpopodium, and corresponding optimal exciting mode, so as to
Design for woods fruit picking machine tool provides theoretical foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram when line slideway of vibration parameters test device is horizontally mounted.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram when line slideway of vibration parameters test device is vertically-mounted.
Fig. 3 is the mechanism principle figure of vibration parameters test device.
Fig. 4 is fruit method of clamping simplified schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of slider-crank mechanism.
Fig. 6 is zoarium clamp system schematic diagram when line slideway is horizontally mounted.
Fig. 7 is zoarium clamp system schematic diagram when line slideway is vertically-mounted.
Fig. 8 is the stereogram of rotating device.
Fig. 9 is the two-dimensional side view of rotating device.
Figure 10 is the two-dimentional front view of rotating device.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the rotating clamp of rotating device.Figure 12 is vibratory response mode when fruit is swung
Figure.
Figure 13 is vibratory response modal graph when fruit reverses.
A kind of vibratory response modal graph when Figure 14 is fruit vertical movement.
Another vibratory response modal graph when Figure 15 is fruit vertical movement.
Wherein, 1 is variable-frequency motor, and 2 be rotating device, and 3 be test-bed, and 4 be gearbox, and 5 be slider-crank mechanism, 6
It is sliding block for shaft coupling, 7.
21 be expansion set, and 22 be synchronous pulley, and 23 be bearing block, and 24 be guide shaft support, and 25 be coulisse, and 26 be slide plate,
27 be clamping plate one, and 271 be a pair of clamping jaws of clamping plate one, and 28 be clamping plate two, and 281 be a pair of clamping jaws of clamping plate two, and 29 prevent for skeleton
Konisphere, studs 30, timing belt 31.
51 be crank, and 52 be crank chute, and 53 be holding screw, and 54 be expansion set, and 55 be connecting rod, and 56 be sliding block, and 57 be straight
Line guide rail, 58 be tingle, and 581 be a pair of clamping jaws of tingle, and 582 be another pair clamping jaw of tingle, and 59 be work
Dynamic intermediate plate, 591 be a pair of clamping jaws of movable intermediate plate, and 60 be bolt.
81 be fruit, and 82 be carpopodium, and 83 be fruit branch.
Embodiment
This technology is elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the vibration-testing apparatus described in Fig. 1-3, it is by variable-frequency motor 1, rotating device 2, test-bed 3, gearbox
4th, a few part compositions such as slider-crank mechanism 5.Slider-crank mechanism has two kinds of mounting means, respectively horizontally and vertically installs.
Referring to Fig. 1, the line slideway 57 of slider-crank mechanism 3 realizes the swing of fruit when being horizontally mounted.
Referring to Fig. 2, the line slideway 57 of slider-crank mechanism 3 realizes the vertical movement of fruit when vertically-mounted.
Referring to Fig. 1-2, Fig. 8-9, rotating device 2 realizes the twist motion of fruit.
Fruit method of clamping shown in Figure 4, a bit of fruit branch 83 that fruit 81 is connected with by carpopodium 82 is cut,
Two pairs of clamping jaws clamp the both ends of fruit branch, so as to drive fruit to realize three kinds of forms of motion.
Referring to Fig. 5, slider-crank mechanism 3 includes crank 51, has the transition sleeve of crank chute 52, be holding screw 53, swollen
Set 54, connecting rod 55, sliding block 56, line slideway 57, tingle 58, a pair of clamping jaws 581 of tingle, tingle it is another
To clamping jaw 582, movable intermediate plate 59, movable intermediate plate a pair of clamping jaws 591.With soket head cap screw by line slideway 57 and test-bed
3 are connected, and there is the transition sleeve of crank chute 52 to be connected by expansion set 54 with the output shaft of the sidepiece of gearbox 4 and transmit moment of torsion;
Change crank length by changing installation site of the crank 51 in crank chute 52, and fixed with holding screw 53, so as to change
Become amplitude of the sliding block on line slideway, pass through the accurate amplitude modulation of the graduation apparatus of crank chute.When line slideway is horizontally installed to try
When testing stand, sliding block horizontal linear moves back and forth, and drives fruit to swing;It is sliding when line slideway is vertically arranged to test-bed
Block vertical straight line moves back and forth, and drives fruit vertical movement.
Referring to Fig. 6-7, fit clamp system is mainly made up of tingle 58, movable intermediate plate 59, bolt 60 etc., geometrical clamp
There are two pairs of clamping jaws 581,582 on piece, there are a pair of clamping jaws 591 on movable intermediate plate.Tingle 58 is with mode connects for screw in sliding block
On 56, movable intermediate plate is connected by bolt 60 with tingle;Movable intermediate plate 59 can be around the axis of bolt 60 relative to tingle
58 rotate 90 degree.
When line slideway is changed into vertically-mounted from being horizontally mounted, movable intermediate plate is relatively fixed intermediate plate and rotates 90 degree, completes
Clamping to fruit.Work as rotating bolt, can be positioned at tingle and activity when movable intermediate plate moves relative to tingle
Fruit branch between intermediate plate clamps;Movable intermediate plate can rotate around bolt axis relative to tingle.
When line slideway is horizontally mounted, a pair of clamping jaws 581 on tingle extend downwardly, and one on movable intermediate plate 59
Clamping jaw 591 is also extended downwardly, and a pair of clamping jaws 581 are relative with a pair of clamping jaws 591.When rotating bolt 60, movable intermediate plate phase
When being moved for tingle, the fruit branch 83 between a pair of clamping jaws 581 and a pair of clamping jaws 591 can be clamped.
When line slideway is vertically-mounted, another pair clamping jaw 582 on tingle extends downwardly;Movable intermediate plate 59 around
The axis of bolt 60 rotates 90 ° so that a pair of clamping jaws 591 on movable intermediate plate 59 are overturn to the state extended downwardly, now, another
It is relative with a pair of clamping jaws 591 to clamping jaw 582., can be position when movable intermediate plate moves relative to tingle when rotating bolt 60
Fruit branch 83 between another pair clamping jaw 582 and a pair of clamping jaws 591 clamps.
Referring to Fig. 1-2, Fig. 8-10, rotating device 3 includes expansion set 21, synchronous pulley 22, bearing block 23, guide shaft support
24th, coulisse 25, rotating clamp(Mainly include slide plate 26, clamping plate 1, clamping plate 2 28, studs 30 etc.), skeleton
Dust ring 29, timing belt 31 etc..Synchronous pulley 22 transmits the upper end output shaft of gearbox 4 and horizontally rotates moment of torsion, and guide shaft support connects
Rotary shaft and coulisse are connect, rotation of the coulisse around rotating shaft axis is realized, so as to drive rotating clamp to rotate so that quilt
The fruit of clamping reverses around rotating shaft axis.Bearing block is carried out dust-proof using framework dustproof loop.
The both ends of studs 30 have the reverse thread coordinated with clamping plate 1, clamping plate 2 28, in studs 30
Between empty set on slide plate 26.Clamping plate 1, clamping plate 2 28 are symmetrical with slide plate.When rotating studs 30, because of clamping plate 1, folder
Plate 2 28 can not rotate, and can only be relatively moved along the axis of studs 30, realize synchronous on-off, on the clamping plate 1 to
Fruit branch between a pair of the clamping jaws 281 extended downwardly on a pair of the clamping jaws 271 and clamping plate 2 28 of lower extension clamps(Refer to figure
4).
Coulisse is provided with chute, and slide plate is by bolt and is connected in chute, and unclamping bolt can be with adjusting slider in chute
Interior position, the radius of curvature for changing fruit by adjusting installation site of the slide plate in coulisse and being rotated around rotary shaft, passes through
The accurate amplitude modulation of scale of coulisse.
Rotating shaft axis and clamping plate 1 and the plane of symmetry of clamping plate 2 28(That is slide plate 26)It is coplanar.Slide plate 26 is all the time in logical
Cross in the plane of rotating shaft axis, by slide plate in chute position, can cause by clamping plate 1 and clamping plate 2 28 clamping
Fruit is on the axis by rotary shaft.
Slot on test-bed 3, the bearing block 23 of rotating device 2 is connected in the groove on experimental stand with bolt, from
And realize installation of the rotating device on test-bed;The installation site for changing rotating device adjusts the center of toothed belt transmission
Away from realizing the tensioning of V belt translation.
According to fruit motion conditions vibrated, the design provides a kind of fruit vibrating based on vibration harvesting and responds mould
The vibration parameters test device of state, the vibration parameters test in each elite stand fruit and woods fruit vibration picking mechanical is can adapt to, is passed through
Experiment can obtain various fruits and swing, moves vertically, reverse the optimal vibration parameter fallen of being shaken under three kinds of principal vibrations response mode,
The optimal conditions that fruit separates with carpopodium, and corresponding optimal exciting mode are drawn, so as to setting for woods fruit picking machine tool
Meter provides theoretical foundation.