CN204907112U - Variable fertilizer distributor - Google Patents
Variable fertilizer distributor Download PDFInfo
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- CN204907112U CN204907112U CN201520602571.2U CN201520602571U CN204907112U CN 204907112 U CN204907112 U CN 204907112U CN 201520602571 U CN201520602571 U CN 201520602571U CN 204907112 U CN204907112 U CN 204907112U
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- fertilizer
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Abstract
The utility model provides a variable fertilizer distributor, variable fertilizer distributor includes: fertilization car and fertilizer injection unit, the fertilization car includes automobile body, frame and wheel, frame and car connection, fertilizer injection unit locates in the frame, fertilizer injection unit includes: vehicle test the speed unit, controller, motor drive, motor and dial fertile wheel, the vehicle tests the speed unit, controller, motor drive and motor and connects gradually, the motor is connected with group fertile wheel, the utility model discloses a variable fertilizer distributor comes the rotational speed of control motor through the speed of traveling of fertilization car, in order to adjust the fertilizer distributor is in the rate of fertilizer application of unit interval to realize the variable fertilization, solved the problem that the rate of fertilizer application of bringing owing to the speed of a motor vehicle is not conform to the requirement.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of fertilizer apparatus, particularly relates to a kind of variable-rate fertilization.
Background technology
The fertilising operation of domestic traditional orchard adopts artificially applying fertilizer mostly.
Minority orchard adopts simple and easy fertilizer applicator for orchard to replace artificially applying fertilizer, and this fertilizer distributor adopts the power transmission shaft (PTO) of tractor to drive sprocket rotation, under fertilizer is sprinkling upon fruit tree.
Adopt artificially applying fertilizer labour intensity high, production efficiency is low, for than relatively large orchard, easily misses best fertilising opportunity.Along with cost of labor, when the river rises the boat goes up, and artificially applying fertilizer cannot adapt to the application of orchard environment gradually.
The main employing mechanical means of plain type fertilizer distributor, control method is simple, but cannot accurately control due to the line shaft rotating speed of tractor, and fertilizing amount cannot accurately control.When Running Speed of Tractor is very fast, easily cause the situation that fertilizing amount is very few; When Running Speed of Tractor is slower, the situation that fertilizing amount again can be too much.
Utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of variable-rate fertilization carrying out variable fertilization, and making can according to the travel speed regulated fertilization amount of tractor.
The utility model provides a kind of variable-rate fertilization,
A kind of variable-rate fertilization, described variable-rate fertilization comprises: tumbrel and fertilizer apparatus, and described tumbrel comprises car body, frame and wheel, and described frame is connected with car body, and described fertilizer apparatus is located in described frame; Described fertilizer apparatus comprises: vehicle speed measuring unit, controller, motor driver, motor and group fertile wheel, and described vehicle speed measuring unit, controller, motor driver are connected successively with motor, and described motor is connected with group fertile wheel;
Described vehicle speed measuring unit obtains the speed of described tumbrel, and the speed of acquisition is sent to described controller, described controller sends drive singal according to the speed received to described motor driver, described motor driver drives described motor according to the drive singal received, dial fertile wheel described in described driven by motor to rotate, to realize fertilising.
Preferably, described motor driver is pwm driver, and described drive singal is PWM drive singal.
Preferred, described vehicle speed measuring unit comprises the Hall element be arranged in described frame and at least one piece of magnet piece be arranged on described wheel, and described Hall element and magnet piece correspondence are arranged, and described Hall element connects described controller.
Preferably, described magnet piece is at least two pieces and is evenly arranged on described wheel.
Preferably, described magnet piece is arranged on the wheel hub of described wheel.
Further, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises the button for switching control and Non-follow control automatically, and described button connects described controller.
Preferred, described group of fertile wheel is one, and described fertilizer apparatus also comprises fertilizer can, offers an opening bottom described fertilizer can, and described group of fertile wheel is located at the open bottom of described fertilizer can.
Preferred, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises a fertilizer guiding tube, and described fertilizer guiding tube is arranged in described frame, and described fertilizer guiding tube entrance is arranged on described fertilizer of dialling and takes turns below.
Or, described group of fertile wheel is two, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises fertilizer can, offer two openings bottom described fertilizer can and take turns one_to_one corresponding with described group of fertilizer, described two openings are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of frame axis, described group of fertile wheel is located at the bottom of the corresponding opening of described fertilizer can, and described frame axis is the axis from the headstock of described tumbrel to tailstock direction.
Preferably, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises two fertilizer guiding tubes, and described two fertilizer guiding tubes are installed in described frame, and one_to_one corresponding taken turns by described two fertilizer guiding tubes and described group of fertilizer, and the entrance of described fertilizer guiding tube is arranged on corresponding dialling below fertile wheel.
As shown from the above technical solution, variable-rate fertilization of the present utility model controls the rotating speed of motor by the travel speed of tumbrel, to regulate described fertilizer distributor in the fertilizing amount of unit interval, thus achieve variable fertilization, solve the undesirable problem of fertilizing amount brought due to the speed of a motor vehicle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The variable-rate fertilization structural representation that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model one embodiment;
The theory diagram of the fertilizing amount control system that Fig. 2 provides for the utility model one embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that in the utility model one embodiment, Hall element tests the speed.
Description of reference numerals
Frame-2, fertilizer can-1 wheel-3 first motor-4 second motor-5 first decelerator-6 second decelerator-7 first group fertilizer wheel-8 second groups of fertile wheel-9 first controller-17 the 1 interface-18 the 2 485 interface-19 first motor driver-20 second motor driver-21, button-16, magnet piece-15, Hall element-14, touch-screen-13, electric appliance box-12, fertilizer guiding tube-10 second fertilizer guiding tube-11
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the utility model, but are not used for limiting scope of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the variable-rate fertilization that the utility model one embodiment provides.
As shown in Figure 1, the variable-rate fertilization of the present embodiment and fertilizer apparatus, comprise: tumbrel, the wheel 3 that tumbrel comprises car body, frame 2 and is arranged on bottom frame 2, described fertilizer apparatus comprises vehicle speed measuring unit, controller, motor driver, motor, decelerator and dials fertile wheel, described vehicle speed measuring unit, controller, motor driver are connected successively with motor, and described motor is connected with group fertile wheel by described decelerator;
Described vehicle speed measuring unit obtains the speed of described tumbrel, and the speed of acquisition is sent to described controller, described controller sends drive singal according to the speed received to described motor driver, described motor driver drives described motor according to the drive singal received, dial fertile wheel described in described driven by motor to rotate, to realize fertilising.
For the ease of detection speed, preferably, described vehicle speed measuring unit comprises the Hall element 14 be arranged in tumbrel frame 2 and the one piece of magnet piece be arranged on described wheel 3, institute
Further, Hall element is connected on connection two forerunner's wheels of tractor or the vehicle frame of connection two rear driving wheels, and this position is convenient to carry out alternately with magnet piece more.
State Hall element 14 and the setting of described magnet piece correspondence, described Hall element 14 connects described controller (this embodiment is not shown).
More accurate in order to test the speed, it is The more the better that magnet piece is arranged, so described vehicle speed measuring unit can preferably include at least two pieces, as two pieces, three pieces or six pieces etc., at least two pieces of magnet pieces are evenly arranged on described wheel 3, as shown in Figure 1, comprise four pieces of magnet pieces 15.Because each magnet piece spacing is equal, so be more convenient for calculating the speed of a motor vehicle.
Refer again to Fig. 1, preferably, described magnet piece 15 is arranged on the wheel hub of described wheel 3.
With reference to Fig. 2, further, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises the button 16 for switching control and Non-follow control automatically, and described button 16 connects described controller.
Described group of fertile wheel can be one, and described fertilizer apparatus also comprises fertilizer can 1, offers an opening bottom described fertilizer can 1, and described group of fertile wheel is located at the open bottom of described fertilizer can 1.
For this kind of mode, fertilizer apparatus comprises a motor, a motor driver and a decelerator, and controller is connected with motor driver by 485 interfaces, 485 buses, and motor driver connects motor, and motor is connected by decelerator dials fertile wheel.Controller sends instruction by 485 buses to motor driver, and then controls the action (not shown) of motor.
For this kind of mode, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises a fertilizer guiding tube, and described fertilizer guiding tube is arranged in described frame, and described fertilizer guiding tube entrance is arranged on described fertilizer of dialling and takes turns below (not shown).
Or, as Fig. 1, disclose the second embodiment of the present utility model, described group of fertile wheel is two, be respectively first group of fertile wheel 8 and second group of fertile wheel 9, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises fertilizer can 1, two openings are offered bottom described fertilizer can 1, and respectively at first group of fertile wheel 8 and second group of fertile wheel 9 one_to_one corresponding, described two openings are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of frame 2 axis, the bottom that 9 are located at each corresponding opening of described fertilizer can 1 respectively taken turns by described first group of fertile wheel 8 and second group of fertilizer, described frame 2 axis is the axis from tumbrel headstock to tailstock direction.The object that two openings are set as above-mentioned be based on tractor walk on the perpendicular bisector of two row plant, an opening, can apply fertilizer to the plant of both sides simultaneously simultaneously, improves fertilising efficiency.
For having the mode that two are dialled fertile wheel, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, fertilizer apparatus comprises two motors, two motor drivers and two decelerators, be respectively the first motor 4, second motor 5, first motor driver 20, second motor driver 21, first decelerator 6 and the second decelerator 7, controller 17 is by the one 485 interface 18, one 485 bus is connected with the first motor driver 20, simultaneously by the 2 485 interface 19, 2 485 bus is connected with the second motor driver 21, first motor driver 20 connects the first motor 4, second motor driver 21 connects the second motor 5, first motor 4 connects first group of fertile wheel 8 by the first decelerator 6, second motor 5 connects second group of fertile wheel 9 by the second decelerator 7.Controller 17 sends instruction to two motor drivers by 485 buses, and then controls the action of left and right sides motor.
For this kind of mode, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises two fertilizer guiding tubes, be respectively the first fertilizer guiding tube 10 and the second fertilizer guiding tube 11, first fertilizer guiding tube 10 and the second fertilizer guiding tube 11 are installed in described frame 2, first fertilizer guiding tube 10 and first group be fertile take turns 8 and second fertilizer guiding tube 11 and second group of fertilizer take turns 9 one_to_one corresponding and arrange, the entrance of the first fertilizer guiding tube 10 is arranged on below first group of fertile wheel 8, and the entrance of the second fertilizer guiding tube 11 is arranged on below second group of fertile wheel 9.
Fertilizer can be prevented after adding fertilizer guiding tube to be scattered, and it is more concentrated that fertilizer applies, and prevents fertilizer from wasting.
Preferably, described motor driver is pwm driver, and described drive singal is PWM drive singal.Motor driver, with the form control of PWM ripple, regulates motor speed by the dutycycle changing output waveform, reaches the object precisely controlling fertilizing amount.Certainly, other modes also can be adopted to regulate the rotating speed of motor, be not described in detail in this.
Described fertilizer apparatus also can comprise touch-screen 13, and described touch-screen 13 and described controller 17 are bi-directionally connected, and controller 17 is connected with touch-screen 13 by serial ports, realizes man-machine interaction.
Described controller 17 can adopt PLC, DSP, FPGA or CPLD.
Motor can adopt direct current generator.Described tumbrel is generally tractor.
With reference to Fig. 1, the controller 17 of above-mentioned fertilizer apparatus and peripheral circuit thereof are integrated in an electric appliance box 12, and it is inner to be arranged on described frame 2.
The operation principle of this device is: fertilizer distributor by 3 bindiny mechanisms traction of tractor, when tractor move, after electric machine rotation, fertilizer is struck and falls, under falling top fruit sprayer.
When electric machine rotation, dial fertile wheel and rotate thereupon, when dialling fertile wheel and rotating, fertilizer enters fertilizer guiding tube from fertilizer can 1, under then trickling down top fruit sprayer by fertilizer guiding tube.
After starting working, controller 17 is by Hall element 14 picking rate signal, and when tractor moves, Hall element 14, often close to a magnet, exports a pulse, for the embodiment of installation six pieces of magnet pieces, exports six pulses weekly.If Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that Hall element 14 tests the speed.
Because the wheel turns distance of a week of tractor is fixing, so within the interval time that Hall element 14 exports two adjacent pulses, the displacement of tractor is equal.Controller, according to the time between two pulses, calculates the speed of tractor.Computing formula is as follows:
v＝Δl/Δt(1)
Wherein l is the displacement of tractor, and t is the interval time of two adjacent pulses;
The area (S) that tractor fertilising covers equals fruit tree line-spacing (L
a) be multiplied by operating range, as formula (2) below, wherein, dl
tfor the operating range in the unit time, v is the travel speed of tractor.
S＝L
a*dl
t＝L
a*∫vdt(2)
In the process of moving, fertilization area is the fertilizer distributor unit interval:
According to the damage by disease and insect degree of crops, the requirement of the spray value on every mu of ground is different, and as the following formula, Q represents spray value, K
0represent the spray value needed for every mu of ground
Fertilizing amount in unit interval according to following formulae discovery,
From derivation formula, in the unit interval, the real-time speed v of fertilizing amount and tractor is linear.
And the utility model variable-rate fertilization controls the rotating speed of motor according to the travel speed of tumbrel, to regulate the fertilizing amount of unit interval, thus realize variable fertilization, when such as the speed of a motor vehicle is fast, accelerate motor speed, namely add the rotating speed of speed dial fertilizer wheel, what increase the unit interval dials fertile amount, otherwise that reduces the unit interval dials fertile amount, solve the undesirable problem of fertilizing amount brought due to the speed of a motor vehicle.
For the embodiment adopting pwm driver, corresponding relation is there is between fertilizing amount and the dutycycle of motor driver, so the core of variable fertilization is the real-time speed adjustment dutycycle according to tractor, so under automatic control mode, the dutycycle that motor driver exports to be calculated after having gathered tractor speed information and setting spray medicine value, and it is shown by touch-screen 13.
The control system of fertilizer apparatus has two kinds of mode of operations, manual work pattern and automatic control mode, as, controller is selected according to button 16, under judging which kind of mode of operation fertilizer distributor is in, so after startup control program, first judge whether to push button 16, if pushed button 16, fertilizer distributor is in automatic control mode, fertilizer distributor carries out automatic target detection fertilising operation according to the fertilizing amount of setting and the speed of tractor, if button 16 is not pressed, under judging that fertilizer distributor is in MANUAL CONTROL mode, the process to sensing data abandoned by controller, direct control motor rotation, do not consider target situation.This fertilizer distributor can adopt automatic control mode and MANUAL CONTROL mode as required, to meet the different demands of user.
Under automatic control mode, need operator first to set the fertilizing amount on every mu of ground, and after the velocity information gathering tractor, gather this setting spray medicine value, after this controller can control according to setting value operation of applying fertilizer automatically.
The fertilising that this variable-rate fertilization can be applicable to the plantation place such as farmland or orchard uses.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: above each embodiment, only in order to the technical solution of the utility model to be described, is not intended to limit; Although be described in detail the utility model with reference to foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the utility model claim limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a variable-rate fertilization, is characterized in that, described variable-rate fertilization comprises: tumbrel and fertilizer apparatus, and described tumbrel comprises car body, frame and wheel, and described frame is connected with car body, and described fertilizer apparatus is located in described frame; Described fertilizer apparatus comprises: vehicle speed measuring unit, controller, motor driver, motor and group fertile wheel, and described vehicle speed measuring unit, controller, motor driver are connected successively with motor, and described motor is connected with group fertile wheel;
Described vehicle speed measuring unit obtains the speed of described tumbrel, and the speed of acquisition is sent to described controller, described controller sends drive singal according to the speed received to described motor driver, described motor driver drives described motor according to the drive singal received, dial fertile wheel described in described driven by motor to rotate, to realize fertilising.
2. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described motor driver is pwm driver, and described drive singal is PWM drive singal.
3. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described vehicle speed measuring unit comprises the Hall element be arranged in described frame and at least one piece of magnet piece be arranged on described wheel, described Hall element and magnet piece correspondence are arranged, and described Hall element connects described controller.
4. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described magnet piece is at least two pieces and is evenly arranged on described wheel.
5. the variable-rate fertilization according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, described magnet piece is arranged on the wheel hub of described wheel.
6. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises the button for switching control and Non-follow control automatically, and described button connects described controller.
7. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described group of fertile wheel is one, and described fertilizer apparatus also comprises fertilizer can, offers an opening bottom described fertilizer can, and described group of fertile wheel is located at the open bottom of described fertilizer can.
8. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises a fertilizer guiding tube, and described fertilizer guiding tube is arranged in described frame, and described fertilizer guiding tube entrance is arranged on described dialling below fertile wheel.
9. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described group of fertile wheel is two, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises fertilizer can, offer two openings bottom described fertilizer can and take turns one_to_one corresponding with described group of fertilizer, described two openings are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of frame axis, and described group of fertile wheel is located at the bottom of the corresponding opening of described fertilizer can, and described frame axis is the axis from the headstock of described tumbrel to tailstock direction.
10. variable-rate fertilization according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer apparatus also comprises two fertilizer guiding tubes, and described two fertilizer guiding tubes are installed in described frame, one_to_one corresponding taken turns by described two fertilizer guiding tubes and described group of fertilizer, and the entrance of described fertilizer guiding tube is arranged on corresponding dialling below fertile wheel.
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| CN201520602571.2U CN204907112U (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2015-08-11 | Variable fertilizer distributor |
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| CN201520602571.2U CN204907112U (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2015-08-11 | Variable fertilizer distributor |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105917828A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 吉林大学 | Automatic fertilizer applicator and control method thereof |
| CN105940839A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-09-21 | 西南大学 | Screw type quantitative row replacement machine |
| CN106171214A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | Spiral type fertilizer machine and control method thereof |
| CN107172942A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-09-19 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of new variables fertilizer applicator |
| CN107360771A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of bilateral automatic switchover variable fertilization equipment of list |
| CN107593048A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of plant essence amount interval spot application system and method |
| CN108307754A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of quantificationally fertilizing machine |
| CN113625614A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-11-09 | 洛阳拖拉机研究所有限公司 | Comprehensive control method and control system for direct seeding machine |
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2015
- 2015-08-11 CN CN201520602571.2U patent/CN204907112U/en active Active
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105917828A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 吉林大学 | Automatic fertilizer applicator and control method thereof |
| CN105917828B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-03-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of automatic fertilizer spreaders and its control method |
| CN105940839B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-02-09 | 西南大学 | Spirally quantify row replacement machine |
| CN105940839A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-09-21 | 西南大学 | Screw type quantitative row replacement machine |
| CN106171214A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | Spiral type fertilizer machine and control method thereof |
| CN106171214B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-08-06 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | Spiral type fertilizer machine and its control method |
| CN107172942A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-09-19 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of new variables fertilizer applicator |
| CN107172942B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2022-11-22 | 河北农业大学 | Variable fertilizer applicator |
| CN107360771B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-07-19 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of bilateral automatic switchover variable fertilization equipment of list |
| CN107360771A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of bilateral automatic switchover variable fertilization equipment of list |
| CN107593048A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of plant essence amount interval spot application system and method |
| CN107593048B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-07-02 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of plant essence amount interval spot application system and method |
| CN108307754A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of quantificationally fertilizing machine |
| CN113625614A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-11-09 | 洛阳拖拉机研究所有限公司 | Comprehensive control method and control system for direct seeding machine |
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